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Good Construction Practice-1

The document provides tips for good construction practices in buildings. It lists recommended materials for masonry units, mortar, concrete, reinforcement bars, cement, sand and water. It emphasizes using materials meeting certain specifications for compressive strength, grading, moisture content etc. It also lists on-site tests to check the quality of bricks, cement, sand and reinforcement bars during construction.

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Nicholas Thompson
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171 views3 pages

Good Construction Practice-1

The document provides tips for good construction practices in buildings. It lists recommended materials for masonry units, mortar, concrete, reinforcement bars, cement, sand and water. It emphasizes using materials meeting certain specifications for compressive strength, grading, moisture content etc. It also lists on-site tests to check the quality of bricks, cement, sand and reinforcement bars during construction.

Uploaded by

Nicholas Thompson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSIR-CBRI TIPS FOR

GOOD CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES


IN BUILDINGS

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CSIR- Central Building Research Institute
Roorkee - 247667, India
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Ø Use burnt solid clay bricks, solid Ø Use mortar in the ratio of 1:3:0.5
concrete blocks, hollow clay tiles or (cement: sand: water) for 115 mm thick
hollow concrete blocks. masonry walls and 1:6:0.5 (cement:
Masonry Ø Masonry units should be watered for sand: water) for 230 mm thick masonry
about 4 hours before laying. Motar walls.
Units
Ø Masonry units should have a minimum Ø Adequate quantity of water should be
of 35 kg/cm2 compressive strength, added such that sufficient workability in
(For details refer IS 3495:1992) (For details refer IS 2250:1981)
uniform shape, size and a minimum of m o r ta r i s a c h i eve d d u r i n g i t s
20% water absorption. application.

Ø Use hard, clean and crushed aggregates Ø Use minimum M20 (1:1.5:3) grade of
that should be free from any kind of concrete in foundation, plinth beam,
material that could result in Concrete bond beams, tie columns and slab.
Aggregates deterioration of concrete. Ø Use super-plasticizer in concrete mix to
Ø Use 20 mm down aggregate in footing, achieve adequate workability.
plinth beam, bond beam, tie column (For details refer IS 1199:1959)
(For details refer IS 383:1970)
and slab.
Ø Do not use cement which is more than 3 Ø Use Fe 415 or higher grade of steel as
months old. reinforcement.
Ø Store cement in a dry and moisture Reinforcement Ø Do not use corroded, old or bent bars.
proof building or shelter and it should Bars Ø Store reinforcement bars on a platform
Cement be covered with plastic sheets to avoid to prevent corrosion.
hardening. Ø Apply cement slurry over rebar to
(For details refer IS 1786:2008)
Ø Stack cement on a platform, 150- protect from corrosion
(For details refer IS 1489:1991) 200mm above the floor level.
Ø Do not open the cement bags until
required for usage.

Ø Use river sand for construction. Do not Ø Use potable water for mixing and
use sea/beach sand as it may contains curing, which should be free from
salts which could result in corrosion of Water organic matter, oils, acids, salts or any
Sand steel. other substance that could result in
Ø Use well graded sand and it should be deterioration of concrete or steel.
(For details refer IS 3025:1987)
free from mud or any kind of dirt, silt or
(For details refer IS 2116:1980)
organic matter.
ON-SITE MATERIAL QUALITY TESTS
BRICKS
Ø Take 6 random samples of bricks and calculate its average dry weight. Immerse bricks in water for 24 hrs, then again calculate their average
weight. The difference in final average weight and initial average weight indicates the amount of water absorbed by the bricks. It should not
exceed 20% of average weight of dry bricks.
Ø Closely observe bricks for uniformity of their shapes, size and colour. Bricks should be rectangular in shape with sharp edges.
Ø Put a scratch on the brick surface with finger nail. For brick to be hard enough, no impression or mark should be visible on the surface.
Ø Gently struck two bricks with each other. A good quality brick will not break and will generate a metallic sound.
Ø Break a brick and examine its structure. It should be homogeneous, compact and free from holes and lumps..
Ø Conduct compressive strength tests on randomly selected brick samples. (Refer IS 3495: (Part 1) – 1992)

CEMENT
Ø Open the bags to check the presence of lumps. Presence of lumps is the indication that setting has started, and thus that cement shall not be
suitable.
Ø Take a pinch of cement and rub it between fingers. It should give a smooth texture, otherwise if it is rough, it indicates that the cement is
adulterated with sand.
Ø Smell a pinch of cement. If it gives an earthy smell, it indicates that cement is adulterated with clay and silt.
Ø Put a small quantity of cement in a bucket of water. Cement should sink and must not float on water.
Ø Cement should be uniform in colour. Colour of cement is grey with a light greenish shade.

SAND
Ø Take a transparent glass, half filled with water. Add sand, 1/4th volume of glass in water and shake vigorously. After a minute, a distinct layer of
settled silt and sand will be noticed. Measure its depth and calculate percent of silt content, which should be limited to 5%.
Ø Rub a pinch of sand between the fingers. If fingers get stained, it indicates that the sand is adulterated with the earthy matter.
Ø Add solution of caustic soda in sand to detect the presence of organic impurities. If the colour of solution changes into brown, it indicates the
presence of organic impurities.

REINFORCEMENT
Ø The bend test should be carried out with bending devices as specified in IS 1599: 1985. Absence of cracks in rebar shall be considered as the
evidence that the test piece withstood the bend test.
Ø The tensile strength test and elongation of steel should be carried out with reference to IS 1608: 2005. Tensile strength obtained from the test
should be equal to the strength specified by the manufacturer.
Ø The pull-out test should be carried out to determine the bond stress in rebar. The rebar specimen should be placed in testing machine such that
the bar is pulled axially from the cube. The test procedure should be followed and bond stress should be calculated in accordance with IS 2770
(Part 1): 1967.

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