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Exercise Sheet 11: Theoretical Computer Science (Bridging Course)

This document contains an exercise sheet for a theoretical computer science course. It includes 3 exercises on propositional logic: (1) converting logical statements to conjunctive and disjunctive normal form, (2) deriving a logical statement from a knowledge base using inference rules, and (3) proving the contradiction theorem relating the unsatisfiability of a knowledge base with a statement to the logical implication of the negation of that statement. The document provides the questions, solutions, and relevant context for each of the 3 exercises.

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265 views2 pages

Exercise Sheet 11: Theoretical Computer Science (Bridging Course)

This document contains an exercise sheet for a theoretical computer science course. It includes 3 exercises on propositional logic: (1) converting logical statements to conjunctive and disjunctive normal form, (2) deriving a logical statement from a knowledge base using inference rules, and (3) proving the contradiction theorem relating the unsatisfiability of a knowledge base with a statement to the logical implication of the negation of that statement. The document provides the questions, solutions, and relevant context for each of the 3 exercises.

Uploaded by

compiler&automata
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Theoretical Computer Science (Bridging Course)

Dr. G. D. Tipaldi University of Freiburg


F. Boniardi Department of Computer Science
Winter Semester 2014/2015

Exercise Sheet 11
Due: 29th January 2015

Exercise 11.1 (CNF, DNF)

(a) Convert φ := ¬(p → q) ∨ ((r ∨ s) → (q ∨ t)) ∨ (¬p → ¬v) into Conjunctive Normal Form.

Solution:

¬(p → q) ∨ ((r ∧ s) → (q ∨ t)) ∨ (¬p → ¬v) ≡


≡ ¬(¬p ∨ q) ∨ (¬(r ∨ s) ∨ (q ∨ t)) ∨ (p ∨ ¬v) ≡
≡ (p ∧ ¬q) ∨ (¬r ∧ ¬s) ∨ q ∨ t ∨ p ∨ ¬v ≡
≡ (p ∧ ¬q) ∨ ((¬r ∨ q ∨ t ∨ p ∨ ¬v) ∧ (¬s ∨ q ∨ t ∨ p ∨ ¬v)) ≡
≡ (¬r ∨ p ∨ q ∨ t ∨ ¬v) ∧ (¬s ∨ p ∨ q ∨ t ∨ ¬v) ∧ (¬r ∨ p ∨ t ∨ ¬v ∨ >) ∧ (¬s ∨ p ∨ t ∨ ¬v ∨ >) ≡
≡ (¬r ∨ p ∨ q ∨ t ∨ ¬v) ∧ (¬s ∨ p ∨ q ∨ t ∨ ¬v).
Wn
(b) Convert φ := i=1 (pi ↔ qi ) into Disjunctive Normal Form.

Solution:
n
_ n
_
(pi ↔ qi ) ≡ ((pi → qi ) ∧ (qi → pi )) ≡
i=1 i=1
_n
≡ ((¬pi ∨ qi ) ∧ (¬qi ∨ pi )) ≡
i=1
_n
≡ ((¬pi ∧ qi ) ∨ (¬pi ∧ pi ) ∨ (qi ∧ ¬qi ) ∨ (qi ∧ pi )) ≡
i=1
_n
≡ ((¬pi ∧ ¬qi ) ∨ (qi ∧ pi )) ≡
i=1
_n n
_
≡ (¬pi ∧ ¬qi ) ∨ (qi ∧ pi ).
i=1 i=1

Exercise 11.2 (Derivation, 3 marks)


Give a derivation of φ = B ∧ C from the knowledge base

KB = {A, B, A ∨ C, K ∧ E ↔ A ∧ B, ¬C → D, E ∨ F → ¬D},

using the inference rules for propositional logic.

Solution:
1. A (KB)
2. B (KB)
3. A ∧ B (1, 2, and introduction)
4. K ∧ E ↔ A ∧ B (KB)
5. A ∧ B → K ∧ E (4, ↔ elimination)
6. K ∧ E (3, 5, modus ponens)
7. E (6, and elimination)
8. E ∨ F (7, or introduction)
9. E ∨ F → ¬D (KB)
10. ¬D (8, 9, modus ponens)
11. ¬C → D (KB)
12. C (10, 11, modus tolens)
13. B ∧ C (2, 12, and introduction)

Exercise 11.3 (Contradiction Theorem)


Prove the contradiction theorem: KB ∪ {ϕ} is unsatisfiable iff KB |= ¬ϕ.
Hint: Deduction Theorem can be useful here.

Solution:

KB ∪ {ϕ} is unsatisfiable ⇔
⇔ KB ∪ {ϕ} |= ⊥ (immediate) ⇔
⇔ KB |= ϕ → ⊥ (deduction theorem) ⇔
⇔ KB |= (¬ϕ ∨ ⊥) (logical equivalence). ⇔
⇔ KB |= ¬ϕ (logical equivalence).

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