Python Cheat Sheet: NumPy 

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Name  Description  Example 

a.shape  The shape attribute of NumPy array a keeps a tuple of  a = np.array([[​1​,​2​],[​1​,​1​],[​0​,​0​]])
integers. Each integer describes the number of elements of  print(np.shape(a)) ​# (3, 2) 
the axis. 

a.ndim  The ndim attribute is equal to the length of the shape tuple.  print(np.ndim(a)) ​# 2

*  The asterisk (star) operator performs the Hadamard product,  a = np.array([[​2​, 0

​ ​], [​0​, ​2​]])
i.e., multiplies two matrices with equal shape element-wise.  b = np.array([[​1​, 1​ ​], [​1​, ​1​]])
print(a*b) ​# [[2 0] [0 2]]

np.matmul(a,b), a@b  The standard matrix multiplication operator. Equivalent to the  print(np.matmul(a,b))
@ operator.  # [[2 2] [2 2]]

np.arange([start, ]stop, Creates a new 1D numpy array with evenly spaced values  print(np.arange(​0​,​10​,​2​))
[step, ])  # [0 2 4 6 8]

np.linspace(start, stop, Creates a new 1D numpy array with evenly spread elements  print(np.linspace(​0​,​10​,​3​))
num=​50​)  within the given interval  # [ 0. 5. 10.]

np.average(a)  Averages over all the values in the numpy array  a = np.array([[​2​, ​0​], [​0​, ​2​]])
print(np.average(a)) ​# 1.0

<slice> = <val>  Replace the <slice> as selected by the slicing operator with  a = np.array([​0​, ​1​, ​0​, 0
​ ​, ​0​])
the value <val>.  a[::​2​] = ​2
print(a) ​ [2 1 2 0 2]
#

np.var(a)  Calculates the variance of a numpy array.  a = np.array([​2​, ​6​])

print(np.var(a)) ​# 4.0

np.std(a)  Calculates the standard deviation of a numpy array  print(np.std(a)) ​# 2.0

np.diff(a)  Calculates the difference between subsequent values in  fibs = np.array([​0​, 1
​ ​, ​1​, ​2​, ​3​, ​5​])
NumPy array a  print(np.diff(fibs, n=​1​))
# [1 0 1 1 2]

np.cumsum(a)  Calculates the cumulative sum of the elements in NumPy  print(np.cumsum(np.arange(​5​)))

array a.  # [ 0 1 3 6 10]

np.sort(a)  Creates a new NumPy array with the values from a  a = np.array([​10​,​3​,​7​,​1​,​0​])
(ascending).  print(np.sort(a))
# [ 0 1 3 7 10]

np.argsort(a)  Returns the indices of a NumPy array so that the indexed  a = np.array([​10​,​3​,​7​,​1​,​0​])
values would be sorted.   print(np.argsort(a))
# [4 3 1 2 0]

np.max(a)  Returns the maximal value of NumPy array a.  a = np.array([​10​,​3​,​7​,​1​,​0​])

print(np.max(a)) ​# 10

np.argmax(a)  Returns the index of the element with maximal value in the  a = np.array([​10​,​3​,​7​,​1​,​0​])
NumPy array a.  print(np.argmax(a)) ​# 0

np.nonzero(a)  Returns the indices of the nonzero elements in NumPy array  a = np.array([​10​,​3​,​7​,​1​,​0​])
a.  print(np.nonzero(a)) ​# [0 1 2 3]