ASSIGNEMENT:

INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR

MANAGERS
SUBMITTED TO:

Proff . Rohan Mukherjee

Submitted by:
Bhawna Mutneja 20070
Debopriyo Roy 20074
Ajinkya Ahire 20063
Zulfikar Haider 20117
Adityaroop Pathak 2006
Business inteliigence systems
Business intelligence is a contemporary term for data and software tools for organizing,
analyzing, and providing access to data to help managers and organisations to make more
informed decisions .
The management information systems –
Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations,
and the relationships among them . management information systems (MIS) also designates a
specific category of information systems serving middle management. MIS provide middle
managers with reports on the organization’s current performance. This information is used to
monitor and control the business and predict future performance
Example –
Management Reporting Systems, Sales management System, Inventory control System .
Inventory of a company includes spoilage, sales, theft, and inventory on hand. Inventory
control system tracks all these things and updates management about them .
MIS helps managers specially interested in weekly, monthly, and yearly results. These
systems typically provide answers to routine questions that have been specified in advance
and have a predefined procedure for answering them. For instance, MIS reports might list the
total pounds of potato used this quarter by a fast-food chain .
Executive support system –
Business intelligence applications are not limited to middle managers, and can be found at all
levels of the organization, including systems for senior management. Senior managers need
systems that address strategic issues and long-term trends, both in the firm and in the external
environment .
Executive support systems (ESS) help senior management make decisions like :
What will employment levels be in five years?
What will industry long term trends of costs?
What products should be focused in in the next five years? etc
ESS are designed to incorporate data about external events, such as new tax laws or
competitors, but they also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS. They
filter, compress, and track critical data, displaying the data of greatest importance to senior
managers. Increasingly, such systems include business intelligence analytics for analyzing
trends, forecasting, and “drilling down” to data at greater levels of detail .
Example - Cambridge Systematics has ESS to support the investment planning process for
the Ministry of Transportation. The features and functions of this Executive Support System
are entirely different from the Executive Support System developed by Meditech, which is
useful to health care organizations.
Decision support system A Decision Support System (DSS) is an information system which
helps the management in taking business decisions . It enables human-machine interface
where the decision maker possesses control throughout the decision-making process . This
information system assists the mid-level and high-level management of an organization to
analyse huge volumes of unstructured data that can help solve problems and help in decision
making .
Components
 Model Management System : Models are used in decision making regarding
financial health of an organization and forecasting demand for goods and services .
 User Interface : Includes tools that help the end user of the DSS to navigate through
the system
 Knowledge Base : Includes information from both internal and external sources

Examples
 In common day to day use GPS Route Planning is used to determine the fastest and
the best route between two points by carefully analysing and comparing multiple
possible options .
 Many GPS Systems also include traffic avoidance capabilities that monitor traffic
conditions in real time thus allowing drivers to avoid congestion .
 Farmers use Crop Planning Tools to determine the best time to plant , fertilize and
reap .

Knowledge management systems-

Knowledge management is defined as the process of identifying, gathering, storing,
evaluating and sharing all of the valuable information organizations create in their day-to-day
operations. It involves storing information and answers to frequently and not so frequently
asked questions and documenting them in an easy to understand format, like step by step
written articles or through videos or images.
Why is knowledge management systems are important?
When an organization can easily access, share, and update business knowledge, it becomes
more productive and cost-efficient. The ability to access the right information at the right
time, via a robust knowledge management system, makes it possible in accurate decision-
making and stimulates collaboration and innovation.
Why use a knowledge management system?
Keep information up to date and easy to find
Reduce wait times
Faster decision-making
Enable customers to help themselves
Offer answers to frequently asked questions
Scale teams more effectively
Keep organizational continuity
Onboard new employees quickly
Document management: 
These systems act as centralized digital filing cabinets for company documents. They make
retrieving documents easy, support regulatory compliance, and enhance workflow. In
addition, when a document management system is enhanced with passwords and backup
procedures, document security is enhanced, but not thoroughly protected from outside access.
Many typical document management systems have functionality limitations so custom
upgrades can increase costs. This type of system does not automatically capture data or
analyse it.
Content management: 
Content management systems are similar to document management systems, but store audio,
video, and other media types in addition to documents.
Databases:
 A database is a computer application that allows people to capture, store, analyze, and
interact with data. Databases are indexed in order to make information more accessible. Data
stored in databases can be very secure because the system prohibits manipulation. However,
they can be volatile and are often costly to design and set up. They also require a high level of
skill to use and maintain.
Data warehouses: 
These enterprise-wide systems pull data from different parts of your organization and can be
highly effective for reporting and analysis. They store current, as well as historic data and
transform data into meaningful information. However, data warehouses are typically high-
maintenance systems which require complex integration in order to provide a unified view of
the data.
Intranets: 
These private computer networks built on searchable platforms can provide an easily
accessible resource for information that enhances collaboration and social networking within
your enterprise. But intranets do have some risks, including easy access by unauthorized
personnel. In addition, they are costly and time-consuming to maintain.
‍ ocial networking: Social networking allows people to connect with each other, join groups,
S
contribute information, and discuss issues they are interested in. Social networking can
influence organizational knowledge. Knowledge management systems can apply social
networking to identify, document, and transfer knowledge.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Supply chain management is known as the process of production and logistics of a company,
which must take place from the beginning of procurement of raw materials in order to create
products and the final delivery of such products to their distribution centres and ultimately
their points of sale.
There are many examples of prosperous companies that have correctly developed the supply
change management concept and that enforce efficient practices. There are many examples,
one is:

COLGATE
The main toothpaste brand made by Colgate-Palmolive, keeps present all aspects of product
diversity, effectiveness, optimization and customer support and it uses an effective
distribution channel that encompasses all aspects of care and maintenance. Their products are
sold in many venues such as pharmacies, supermarkets, convenience stores and small
wholesalers, thus creating an excellent impact within their distribution channels and
management.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is an approach taken by companies to analyze

and manage its past, current and potential customer interactions and data. CRM aims to
improve customer service relationships and assist in customer retention and sales growth.
This is a company wide strategy which is designed to increase the revenue from sales and the
overall profitability of the business by keeping customers at the center of the strategy. The
CRM software compiles the data at a single place which is used to organize and customer
relationships and also automates the common processes.

For example: McDonald’s is one of the largest chains of fast-food restaurants with huge
customer base. It uses CRM ‘Power Centre’ supplied by the ‘Astute Solutions’ as a strategy
to:
 maintain the relationship with customers by maintain data of all the customers
 increase the sales
 enhance the customer’s experience
 accessibility to all the customers across all its restaurants
 problem solving of its customers across all the restaurants through

Transaction processing system

Transaction processing systems has computer hardware and software hosting a transaction-
oriented application that performs routine transactions required to conduct business. All the
e-commerce companies use transaction processing systems . Examples of transaction
processing systems that manage sales order entry, airline reservations, payroll, employee
records, manufacturing, and shipping.
• Batch processing – it is a method of computerized processing in which business
transactions are accumulated over a period of time and prepared for processing as a
single unit .
• On-line transaction processing (OLTP) – it is a method of computerized processing
in which each transaction is processed immediately and the affected records are
updated.

Enterprise system –
Firms use enterprise systems, also called enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, for
integration of business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting,
sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system. Information that was
previously divided into many different systems is now stored in a single comprehensive data
repository.
For example, when a customer places an order, the order data flows automatically to other
parts of the company that are affected by them. This order transaction triggers the warehouse
to pick the ordered products and schedule shipment of the product. The warehouse informs
the factory to replenish whatever has been depleted (inventory). The accounting department
is then informed to send the customer an invoice. Customer service representatives track the
progress of the order through every step to inform customers about the status of their orders.
This helps managers to use firm-wide information to make more precise and timely decisions
about daily operations and longer-term planning. E.g.
Domino’s had a strategic directive to uniquely identify customers, households and their pizza
buying patterns. Duplicate customer information across multiple systems – different ordering
systems for online, app and phone; CRM; and Point of Sale (POS) system.