PROCESS DESIGN OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT OF CAPACITY 8.

5 MLD
PROCESS DESIGN OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT OF CAPACITY 8.5 MLD Criteria as per Remark /
CPHEEO Manual Reference
(A) DESIGN OF WTP
1 Flow in MLD = 8.5
2 Working hours for WTP = 24
3 Design Flow in Cum/hr = 354.17
4 Considering overloading = 20%
5 Design flow (Cum/hr) = 425
6 Assume Velocity for the Pipeline and Channel (m/s) = 0.8
7 CASCADE AERATOR:
8 FLOW, Q (cum / hr ) = 425
9 Design flow ( cum /hr ) = 425
10 Design flow ( cum /sec ) = 0.118
11 Inlet Shaft: =
12 Assume Velocity, V (mps) = 1.2
13 Area of Shaft (Sqm) = 0.098
14 Diameter of Shaft (m) = 0.354
15 Say Pipe dia. (m) = 0.4
16 Say Pipe dia. (mm) = 400
The Shaft has bell mouth with Diameter (mm) = 600.00 As per Handbook Design of Water treatment Plants, IWWA by A.G. Bhole
17
18 Size and Number of Steps:
19 Assume area requirement for cascade Aerator (Sqm/Cum/hr) = 0.04 0.015 - 0.045
20 Area of Cascade = 17
21 Let Da be the diameter of Cascade, then
22 π/4 ( (Da)2 - (0.4)2) = 17
23 Dia. Of Cascade , Da (m) = 4.67 (17*4)/3.14)+(400/1000)^2)^(1/
24 Say, Dia. Of Cascade , Da (m) = 4.7
25 Assume No. of Steps = 4 4.0-6.0
26 Hence size of tread (m) = 0.51 (4.7-(600/1000))/(4*2)
27 Say Size of tread (m) = 0.51
28 Actual size of Aerator Da (m) = 4.68 0.51*2*4+600/1000
29 Assume rise of each step (m) = 0.3 20-40 cm as per Handbook Design of Water treatment Plants, IWWA by A.G. Bhole
30 Height of total rise of steps (m) = 1.2
31 Size of Collecting launder:
32 Flow in half Launder (Cum/hr) = 212.5
33 Assume Velocity in Launder (mps) = 0.8
34 Area requirement (Sqm) = 0.07
35 Assume depth of water (m) = 0.18
36 Width of launder SWD (m) = 0.41
37 Say, width (m) = 0.41
38 Free board (m) = 0.3
39 RAW WATER CHANNEL FROM CASCADE AERATOR TO FLASH MIXER:
40 FLOW, Q (cum / hr ) = 425
41 Design flow ( cum /hr ) = 425
42 Assume Velocity, V (mps) = 0.8
43 Area of channel required (sqm) = 0.148
44 Width of channel = 0.6
45 The depth of the channel will be = 0.25
46 Say = 0.25
47 Free board (m) = 0.3
48 PARSHALL FLUME
49 Design flow ( cum /hr ) = 425
50 Design flow ( cum/s ) = 0.12
Discharge through Parshall flume
2.58
51 Q = 2.42 W.hu As per Handbook of Design of Water TreatmentPlants, IWWA by A.G. Bhole
52 Where Q = Discharge , ( cum/sec ) = 0.12
53 W= Throat width,m = 0.15 Table11.2, pg. 211, CPHEEO Manual

54 hu= Upstream depth,m

55 Hence Upstream depth, hu = 0.65 ((0.119/(2.42*0.15))^(1/2.58),2)
Assume Depth of water hd, downstream of Hydraulic jump as
56 0.6hu
57 Hence of Depth of water at Downstream, hd = 0.39 m
58 Channel upstream of Parshall flume
59 Depth of water upstream of flume = hu + Z
60 Z = 0.11 m Table11.2, pg. 211, CPHEEO Manual
61 Depth of water upstream of flume = 0.76 m 0.65+0.113
65 Channel downstream of Parshall flume
66 Depth of water at Downstream, hd 0.39 m
Provide Raw water Channel of width 0.6m W X 0.76 m depth with 0.3 m free
70 board
71 FLASH MIXER:
72 FLOW, Q (cum / hr ) = 425
73 Design flow ( cum /sec ) = 0.12
74 Dimension of tank:
75 Providing no. of flash mixer = 1
76 Design flow of each Flash mixer (Cum/hr) = 425
77 Design flow of each Flash mixer (Cum/sec) = 0.12
78 Detention Time, t (Sec) = 50 30 - 60
79 Volume of each unit (Cum) = 5.9
80 Assume water depth (m) = 4.6
81 Area of flash mixer (Sqm) = 1.28
82 Diameter of Flash mixer (m) = 1.28
83 Say Diameter of Flash mixer (m) = 1.6
Check for Height to dia. Ratio = 2.88 1.0<2.88<3.0 O.K. Height to Dia. Ratio increased due to
higher depth required for Pipeline to
clarifier
84
(Height to Dia. Ratio is between 1:1 to 3:1 as per the CPHEEO
85 manual, Hence O.K.)
86 Providing free board (m) = 0.3
Provide 1 No. of Flash mixer of Size 1.6m Dia. X 4.6 m SWD
87 with 0.3 m free board
88 Power requirement:
89 Ratio of Impeller dia./ Flash mixer dia. = 0.4 0.2 - 0.4
90 Therefore Impeller dia. (m) = 0.51 0.4*1.284
91 Therefore Radius, R (m) = 0.26
92 Say Radius of Impeller R, = 0.3
93 Assume Permissible RPM, N = 120 >100
94 Therefore tip velocity in mps 3.77 > 3.0 O.K.
 95 = 2 x 3.14 x R x N/60
96 Velocity gradient G = (P/ µ. V) 1/2
97 Take velocity gradient G (Sec-1) = 360 >=300
98 Viscosity, µ at 25ºC(kg/m.s) = 0.00089
99 Power requirement P = G2 .µ .V (Watts) = 1066.26
100 =
101 Power per unit flow of water , Watts /Cum/hr of flow = 2.51 1.0<2.5<3.0 O.K.
(It is within the range of 1 to 3 Watt/m3/hr of flow as per the
102 CPHEEO manual, hence O.K.)
103 Power in Watts = 1066.26
104 In KW = 1.07
105 in HP = 1.43
106 Say, H.P = 1.5
107 PIPE LINE FROM FLASH MIXER TO CLARIFLOCULATOR
108 Flow (Cum/hr) = 425
109 No. = 1
110 Design Discharge per unit Qd, ( cumecs ) = 0.12

Criteria as per Remark /

PROCESS DESIGN OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT OF CAPACITY 8.5 MLD CPHEEO Manual Reference
111 Design velocity (m/s) = 0.8
112 Therefore pipe area required - sqm =
113 Area (Sqm) = 0.15
114 Corresponding the dia. of pipe (m) = 0.43
115 Say Pipe dia. (m) = 0.45
116 Say Pipe dia. (mm) = 450
117 CLARIFLOCCULATOR:
118 FLOW, Q (cum / hr ) = 425
119 Providing no. of Clariflocculator = 1
120 Design flow of each Clariflocculator (cum / hr ) = 425
121 Design flow of each Clariflocculator (cum / day ) in 16 hr = 6800
122 Design flow of each Clariflocculator (cum / min.) = 7.08
123
124 DESIGN OF INFLUENT PIPE:
125 Assuming water lost in desludging = 2%
126 Design average flow, ( 425 X 100) / (100-2) = 433.67
127 Assuming velocity, (m/s) = 0.8
128 Dia. Of Influent pipe (m) = 0.44
129 Dp Say, = 0.45
130 Provide an Influent pipe of 0.45 m Diameter i.e. 450 mm Dia.
131 Provide dia. of central shaft 0.45 m
132 DESIGN OF FLOCCULATOR:
133 Design parameter
134 Detention time (min.) = 20 10-40
135 Velocity gradient (Sec-1) = 40 10 - 75
136 Side water Depth (SWD), (m) = 5.16
137 Paddle tip velocity (m/s) = 0.4 0.3-0.4
138 Assume Water temperature, ºC = 25
Check for Dimensionless parameter= G.t = (40 X 20 X 60)= = 48000 10000<48000 O.K.
139 <100000
(Within the range of 10000 to 100000 for Mechical type flocculator as per the
140 CPHEEO manual and hence O.K.)
141 Volume of Flocculator (Cum) = 144.56
142 Area of Flocculator (Sqm) = 28.02
143 Let Df be the diameter of Flocculator, then
144 π/4 ( (Df)2 - (DP)2) = 28.02
145 π/4 ( (Df)2 - (0.45)2) = 28.02
146 Dia. Of Flocculator , Df (m) = 5.99
147 Say, Dia. Of Flocculator , Df (m) = 6.1
148 Dimensions of paddles
149 Velocity gradient G = (P/ µ. V) 1/2
150 Power Input to Flocculator P = G2 .µ.V, Watts = 214.63 40^2*0.89*10^-3*0.785*6.1*6.1*5.16
151 Power P in KW = 0.21
Power Input = (1/2) X C X ρ X A X (V - v)3
152 D P
153 CD = Newtons coefficient of Drag = 1.8
154 ρ = Density of water at 25 ºC, kg/m3 = 980
155 V = Velocity of tip of blades, m/s = 0.4
156 v = Velocity of water at tip of blade (25% of V), m/s = 0.1
Area of paddles A = 2P / C (V-v)3ρ
157 P D
158 AP = = 9.01
159 Providing Nos. of driving units, = 3
160 Total area of paddles per unit (Sqm) = 3
161 Providing Nos. of blades per unit = 5
162 Hence total nos. of blade = 15
163 Ratio of area of paddles to cross section area of Flocculator
164 = AP/ (3.14*(Df - DP) X h) = 0.1004
Check for Ratio of area of paddles to cross section area of = 10.04 10%<10.04%<25% O.K. 0.1*100
165 Flocculator (%)
166 (Within the range of 10 to 25% as per the CPHEEO manual and hence O.K.)
167 Area of each blade 0.6
168 Providing height of blade (m) 3.5
169 Width of blade (m) 0.17

170 DESIGN OF CLARIFIER

171 Assume a Surface Overflow rate, m3/m2/d and SWD = 3.8 m = 40 30 - 40
172 Surface area of clarifier (Sqm) = 173.47 433.674*16/40
173 Diameter of Clarifier, Dcf (m)
174 π/4((Dcf)2 - (6.1+0.3)2) = 173.47
175 Dia. Of Clarifier, Dcf (m) = 16.18
176 Say Dia. Of Clarifier, Dcf (m) = 17
177 Length of weir = π Dcf, (m) = 53.38
178 Check for weir loading (Cum/day.m) = 127.39 < 300 O.K.
(This is within the permitted value of 300 m3/day.m as per the
179 CPHEEO manual, Hence O.K.)
186 Provide SWD of Clarifier = 3.76 2.5 - 5.0, Preferred value 3.0
3 = 2.01 Design value 2.0-2.5 hr, Max. 8.0 hr O.K.
Check for Detention time (hr) = Volume of Clarifier (m ) / Flow
187 (m 3 /hr)
(Within the range as per the CPHEEO manual and hence O.K.)
188
189 CALCULATION FOR TOTAL DEPTH
190 SWD of Flocculator (m) = 5.16
 let the Velocity of water below the Partition wall between the = 0.3 0.3
191 Flocculator and clarifier (m/min.)
192 Area below the Partition wall (Sqm) = 23.61 425/60/0.3
193 Depth below Partition wall = 1.23 23.61/(3.14*6.1)
194 25% extra depth for sludge (in.) = 1.29
195 Assume retention time in Sludge well (min) = 0.35
196 Volume of Sludge well (Cum) = 2.48 (425/60)*0.35
197 Assuming depth of Sludge pit = 0.5
198 Area of Sludge well (Sqm) = 4.96
199 Diameter of Sludge well (m) = 2.51
200 Say Diameter of Sludge well (m) = 2.6
201 Slope for bottom (%) = 10 <12%
202 Depth of clarifier slope at the end of Sludge slope = 0.55 (17-6.1)/2/10
203 Providing Free board (m) = 0.3
204 Total depth of Clariflocculator (m) = 5.71
205 CLARIFLOCULATOR LAUNDER
206 Considering the velocity of flow, m/s = 0.8
207 Flow in Half portion of channel, (Cum/hr) = 212.5
208 Flow in Half portion of channel, (Cum/sec) = 0.06 212.5/3600
209 Area of launder, (Sqm) = 0.07
210 Assume SWD of launder channel ( m.) = 0.55
211 Therefore the width of launder (m.) = 0.13
212 Say = 0.2
213 Provide size of launder 0.2m wide X 0.55 m SWD with 0.30 M. free board
214 CHANNEL FROM CLARIFLOCULATOR TO FILTER PLANT
215 Flow (Cum/hr) = 425
216 Nos. = 1
217 Design flow per unit (Cum/hr) = 425
218 Design flow (Cum/sec) = 0.118
219 Velocity, Vc - mps = 0.8
220 Area of channel required from single Clariflocculator = 0.148
221 Assume depth of water in channel (m) = 0.34
222 Width of channel (m) = 0.43
223 Say = 0.5
224 Free board (m) = 0.3
Provide Individual channel from Clariflocculator of size
225 0.34m SWD X 0.5 m width with 0.3 m free board
226
227 FILTER INLET CHANNEL
228 Flow (Cum/hr) = 425
229 Nos. = 1
230 Design flow per unit (Cum/hr) = 425

231 Design flow (Cum/sec) = 0.118

232 Velocity, Vc - mps = 0.8
233 Area of channel required = 0.148
234 Assume depth of water in channel (m) = 0.347
235 Width of channel (m) = 0.43
236 Say = 0.5
237 Free board (m) = 0.3
Provide Individual channel from Clariflocculator of size
238 0.347m SWD X 0.5 m width with 0.3 m free board
239 RAPID SAND FILTER:
240 Flow (Cum/hr) = 425
241 Design discharge (Cum/hr) = 425
242 Filtration rate (Cum/Sqm/hr) = 5 4.8 - 6.0
243 Quantity of backwash water used (%) = 3
244 Time lost during backwashing(min) = 30
245 Total design flow (Cum/hr) = 451.87 (425*(3%)*16/(16-(30/60),2)
246 Therefore area of filter required (Sqm.) = 90.37
247 Providing nos. filter bed (Twin Bed) = 6
248 Area of each Twin bed (Sqm) = 15.06
249 Provide the width of one filter bed as ( m) = 3.4
250 The length of the filter bed will be ( m) = 4.43
251 Say = 4.45
252 Check for L / B ratio = 1.31 1.25<1.31<1.33 O.K.
253 (Ratio shall be between 1.25 to 1.33 as per CPHEEO Manual, hence O.K.)
254 Total filter area of each Single bed (Sqm) = 15.13
255 Hence Provide 6 Nos. of Twin bed, Each single bed having size of 4.45 m L X3.4 mW
256 TOTAL DEPTH OF FILTER:
257 Sand:
258 Provide depth of sand, (m) = 0.9 0.6-0.75
259 its effective size 0.5 mm and uniformity coefficient 1.5
260 Gravel:
261 Provide Depth of gravel (m) 0.52
262 Depth of water:
263 Depth of water above sand surface (m) = 2 1.0 - 2.0
264 Freeboard (m) = 0.3
265 Total depth of Filter box (m) = 3.72
266 DESIGN OF UNDER DRAINAGE SYSTEM
269 Area of each single bed (Sqm) 15.13
270 Ratio of Total area of perforations / Filter area 0.30% 0.30%
271 Hence Total area of perforations (Sqm) 0.04539
272 Assuming diameter of orifices (mm) 9 5.0-12.0
273 Area of each orifice (Sqm) 0.000063585
274 Number of orifices 713.85 0.04539/0.000063585
275 Say 714
276 Total cross section area of laterals = 3 X area of perforations, (Sqm) 0.136 2.0 - 4.0
277 Area of central manifold = 2 X Area of laterals 0.27 1.5 -2.0 times
278 Assume SWD of central manifold (m) 0.5
279 Width of Manifold (m) 0.54
280 Say Width of manifold (m) 0.6
Hence provide Central Manifold of of size 0.6m W X 0.5m
281 SWD
282 Assume spacing of laterals (cm) 15
283 Number of laterals 60 (2*4.45*100/15,0)
284 Cross sectional area of each lateral (Sqm) 0.0023 0.13617/260
285 Diameter of laterals (m) 0.05
286 Provide laterlas of diameter (mm) 60
287 Number of perforations per lateral 11.9
288 Say, 12
289 Length of each lateral = (3.4-0.6/2) , (m) 1.4
290 Spacing of orifices = Length of lateral / no of orifices in each lateral, (m) 0.117
291 Say, in mm 117

Provide 12 perforations of dia 9 mm at centre to centre

292 spacing of 117 mm
293 BACKWASHING OF FILTER:
294 Back wash water rate (Cum/Sqm/min.) = 0.6 0.6
295 Back wash period (min.) = 10 10
296 Rate of Air wash (Cum/Sqm/min.) @ 0.35 kg/Sqm Pressure = 0.75 0.6-0.9
297 Area of Twin bed (Sqm) = 15.13
298 Hence Back wash flow per Twin bed (Cum/min) = 9.078
299
300
301 CALCULATION FOR BACK WASH WATER TANK
302 Back wash Rate (Cum/Sqm/min) = 0.6
303 Area of each Twin bed (Sqm) = 15.13
304 Back wash period (min.) = 12
305 Capacity of the Tank = Back wash rate X Period X Area = 108.936 require in 10 min.
306 Volume of water for 10% extra quantity (Cum) = 10.8936
308 Total volume of water (Cum) = 119.8296
309 Say = 120
310 Provide the capacity of the tank 120 Cum
311
312 BACK WASH PUMPING MACHINERY
313 No of filter beds (Twin) = 6
314 Working time in hours = 12
315 Time to fill the Wash Water Tank (hours) = 2
316 However consider the time, of filling as - hours = 4
317 Therefore the discharge capacity of pumping machinery will be, - lps ( W ) = 8.33 120*1000/(4*3600)
318 Head up to FSL of WWT, - M. ( H ) = 20
319 HP required at 61 % efficiency (n) will be = 3.64 8.33*295/(75*61%)
320 However provide motors with 100 % standby unit for H.P. = 5
321
322 AIR BLOWER:
323 Rate of Air wash (Cum/Sqm/min.) @ 0.35 kg/Sqm Pressure = 0.75
324 Air flow per bed (Cum/min) = 11.35
325 No. of Blowers = 2
326 No. of Working set = 1
327 No. of Standby set = 1
328 Capacity of Blower (Cum/min) = 11.35
329
330 BACK WASH PIPELINE
331 The back wash pipeline will be designed to carry the wash water for one twin bed, as the filter wash will be taken up one by one.
332 Rate of back wash for Twin bed (Cum/min.) = 9.08
333 Rate of back wash for Twin bed (Cum/sec) = 0.15
334 Assume Velocity of back wash (mps) = 3
335 Therefore the area of back wash pipeline for Twin bed (sqm) = 0.05
336 Corresponding dia. of pipe (mm) = 253.47
337 Say, mm = 300
338 Provide Back wash water pipeline for twin bed of dia. 300mm
339 Area of back wash pipeline for Single bed (sqm) = 0.025
340 Corresponding dia. of pipe (mm) = 179.23
341 Say, mm = 200
342 Provide Back wash water pipeline for Single bed of dia. 200 mm
343
344 WASH WATER DRAIN PIPE:
345 Rate of back wash (Cum/sec) = 0.15
346 Assume Velocity of back wash (mps) = 2
347 Therefore the area of Wash water Channel (sqm) = 0.08
348 Assume depth (m) = 0.36
349 Providing Free board(m) = 0.3
350 Width of channel (m) = 0.21
351 Say 0.25

352 Provide Waste water channel of size 0.36 m SWD X0.25m width with free board of 0.3 m
353 Area of Wash water drain pipeline (sqm) = 0.08
354 Corresponding dia. of pipe (mm) = 310.43
355 Say, mm = 350
Provide Wash water drain pipeline for twin bed of dia.
356 350mm
357
358 FILTER WATER PIPELINE
359 Outflow from one Single filter bed, Q (Cum / hr) = 70.83 218/6
360 Outflow from Single filter bed, Q (cum / Sec) = 0.02
361 For 20% overloading Design flow, Qd (cum / Sec) = 0.024
362 Velocity of flow (mps) = 0.8
363 Therefore, pipe area, A = 0.03
364 Diameter of clear water pipeline (mm) = 193.9
365 Say, mm = 200
366 Provide Filter water outlet pipeline from each Single bed of dia. 200mm
367
368 CLEAR WATER CHANNEL:
369 Flow (Cum/hr) = 425
370 Total design flow (Cum/hr) = 451.87
372 Assuming velocity (mps) = 0.8
373
374 Individual Channel from Each Twin Bed
375 Nos. of Twin Bed = 6
376 Design flow from each filter Bed (Cum/hr) = 75.31 451.87/6
377 Area of channel (Sqm) = 0.0261
378 Dia of pipe required (m) = 0.017
379 Say (mm) = 100
380 Provide pipeline of dia 100 mm
381 Main Channel from Filter bed
382 Area of channel (Sqm) = 0.16 (451.87/3600)/0.8
383 Assume SWD (m) = 0.4
384 Providing Free board(m) = 0.3
385 Width of channel (m) = 0.392
386 Say = 0.4
387 Provide Clear water channel of size 0.4 m W X0.4m SWD with free board of 0.3 m
388 Pipeline from Filter bed
389 Area of channel (Sqm) = 0.16
390 Dia of pipe required (m) = 0.1 (0.16/0.785)^1/2
391 Say, (mm) = 100
392 Provide pipeline of dia 100 mm
393 CHEMICAL REQUIREMENT :
394 ALUM DOSING:
395 Total daily flow of water (Cum/hr) = 425
396 Design flow (Cum/hr) = 425
397 Assume Alum dose (max) - mg / l = 30
398 Therefore total requirement of alum per day (Kg) = 306
399 Therefore total requirement of alum for 16 hours (Kg) = 204
400 Density of alum solution, (%) = 5
401 Volume of alum solution (cum) = 4.08
402 Volume of alum solution in liters = 4080
403 Provide nos. of tank = 2
404 Volume of each tank (Cum) = 2.04
405 Depth of tank = 1
406 Area of tank = 2.04
407 Length = width (m) = 1.43
408 Say Length = Width (m) = 1.5
Provide 2 Nos. of tanks of size 1.5m X1.5 m X 1 m size with
409 0.30 M free board.
410 Requirement of alum for normal flow in kg / day 306
411 in kg / month 9180
412 in MT / month 9.18

413 Say, MT / month 10

414 BLEACHING POWDER
415 Total daily flow of water (Cum/hr) = 425
416 Design flow (Cum/hr) = 425
417 Assume chlorine dose (max) - mg / l = 3
418 Therefore total requirement of chlorine per day (Kg) = 30.6
419 Proportionate quantity of bleaching powder required = 91.8
Therefore total requirement of bleaching powder for 16 hours = 61.2
420 (Kg)
421 Density of bleaching powder solution, (%) = 5
422 Volume of bleaching powder solution (cum) = 1.22
423 Volume of bleaching powder solution in liters = 1224
424 Provide nos. of tank = 1
425 Volume of each tank (Cum) = 1.22
426 Depth of tank = 1
427 Area of tank = 1.22
428 Length = width (m) = 1.11
429 Say Length = Width (m) = 1.2
Provide 1 Nos. of tanks of size 1.2m X1.2 m X 1 m size with
430 0.30 M free board.
431 Requirement of bleaching powder for normal flow in kg / day 30.6
432 in kg / month 918
433 in MT / month 0.92
434 Say, MT / month 1
435 Clear water sump
436 Flow in MLD 8.5
437 Over loading @ 20% 1.7
438 WTP Capacity including over loading in MLD 10.2
439 Design flow cum.\Hr. 425
440 Design flow cum.\Minute 7.08
441 Detention time period taken as 60 minutes 425
442 Surface area in Sqm. Assuming dia 15 m 176.625
443 Depth of required water in mt. 2.4062
444 Depth of water with considering 20 cm free board in mt. 2.71
445 Say 2.75