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Logarithmic Function Final!!

The document is a module on logarithmic functions that: 1) Defines logarithmic functions, equations, and inequalities and explains how they relate to exponential functions. 2) Provides examples of solving logarithmic equations using a calculator and by converting exponential equations to logarithmic form. 3) Shows how to graph common logarithmic functions and solve logarithmic equations by finding the missing term.

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Stefanie Fermin
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views28 pages

Logarithmic Function Final!!

The document is a module on logarithmic functions that: 1) Defines logarithmic functions, equations, and inequalities and explains how they relate to exponential functions. 2) Provides examples of solving logarithmic equations using a calculator and by converting exponential equations to logarithmic form. 3) Shows how to graph common logarithmic functions and solve logarithmic equations by finding the missing term.

Uploaded by

Stefanie Fermin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OLIVAREZ COLLEGE

DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL


MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

Module 6:
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

I. OUTCOMES OF LEARNING

1. Convert exponential equation to logarithmic


equation and vice versa.
2. Represents real-life situations using logarithmic
functions.
3. Distinguishes logarithmic function, logarithmic
equation, and logarithmic inequality.
4. Solves logarithmic equations and inequalities.
5. Represents a logarithmic function through its:
(a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation. 6.
Finds the domain and range of a logarithmic
function.
7. ​Solves problems involving logarithmic
functions, equations, and inequalities.
8. ​Determines the intercepts, zeroes, and
asymptotes of logarithmic functions.

II. LESSON PRESENTATION

RECALL: ​Lesson about exponential function.

“Logarithmic” came from the Greek words “logos” (ratio) and “arithmos” (number).

Logarithmic function i​ s represented as ​��(��) = ������​�� ​��, w ​ herein �


​ �(��) ​or �
​ � ​is the
exponent, � ​ � ​is the base, and ​�� i​ s the argument or answer;
������​�� ��
​ ​is called ​logarithmic equation; a
​ nd
������​�� ��
​ ≥ 0 ​or �
​ �����​�� ��
​ ≤ 0 ​is called ​logarithmic inequality.

exponent
LOGARITHMIC FORM EXPONENTIAL FORM

������​�� ​�� =
​ ​��
�� ​
��​ = ​��

argument base
NOTE: ​The inverse of logarithmic function is exponential function.

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

SOLVING LOGARITHMIC USING CALCULATOR

EXAMPLE 1: �
​ �����​��

���� = ��
PRESS
THE FOLLOWING:

= 2
log base
first
5
input the
25
next
the

answer
argument

EXAMPLE 2: �
​ �����

�������� = ��
PRESS
THE FOLLOWING:
argument

= 3

answer

EXAMPLE 1:

������​�� ​���� =
��

PRESS THE FOLLOWING:

log
1000
input

log (25)
input
argument
base
÷
input
=
2
answer

log (5)

EXAMPLE 2: ​������

�������� = ��
PRESS
THE FOLLOWING:

= 3
log
1000
input

answer

argument

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

LOGARITHMIC EXAMPLE

FUNCTION ��(��) = ������​5 25


EQUATION 16 = ������​4 ​��

INEQUALITY ������​3 ​�� ≥ 2

PROOF THAT EXPONENTIAL IS THE INVERSE OF LOGARITHM

��​�� ​= �� ������​�� ​�� = ��


GRAPH

�� -2 -1 0 1 2 3 �� �� �� 1 2 4 8
�� ��
�� �� �� 1 2 4 8 �� -2 -1 0 1 2 3
�� ��

CONVERTING EXPONENTIAL EQUATION TO LOGARITHMIC EQUATION

EXPONENTIAL EQUATION
3​
LOGARITHMIC EQUATION ​3​ = 27
������​3 ​27 = 3
10​2 =

100 ������ 100 = 2 9​12 =

3
������​9 ​3 =​1​2
8​�� =

64 ������​8 64
​ = ��
NOTE: ​(a) Logarithm is merely an exponent.
(b) l​ og 100 = ������​10 100

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

SOLVING LOGARITHMIC EQUATION

Solving logarithmic equations by finding the missing term.


��
∙ ​Given
1. ​������​2 ​8 =
1​CHECKING:
∙ ​Conclusion
Substitute the value
of x to the given
equation

������​2 8
​ = ��;
�� = 3

������​2 8
​ =3
∙ ​Equivalent exponential 2​3 ​= 8
form 2​3 ​= 2​3

∙ ​Factor of 8
6.
2. ​2�� ​ . ​2​�� ​= 2​3​ ​4.
​ ​= 8 3
�� = 3
5. ​��������,������​�� ��
​ ∙ ​Property of Equality for Exponential
= �� Equation, Final answer
7.

2  
������​7 7 ​ . ​7�� Exponential Equation, Final
​ 7 = �� 8 ​
answer
=779 ​ .
∙ ​Law ∙ ​Conclusion
10. ​7��
​ ​= 7​1​⦁7​1​2 1
​ 1. of
�� ​ CHECKING:
12. ​7​ = 7​3​2 1​ 3.
Substitute the
value of x to
�� =​3​2 the given
��������,������​�� equation

�� �� =​��​�� ������​7 7

7 = ��; ��
3​
=​ 2

������​7 7

3​
7 =​ 2
∙ ​Given fractional exponent 7​32 ​= 7 7
7​32 ​= 7​1​⦁7​1​2
∙ ​Equivalent exponential form
∙ ​Product Rule 732
​​ ​= 7​3​2

∙ ​Property of Equality for


15. 1​ 0​�� =

0.1 ​16. ������ 0.1 = ��; �� = −1
10​�� ​= 10​−1 17. �� = −1
∙ ​Given
��������,������ ��. �� =
∙ ​Equivalent exponential
−��
form ∙​ ​Convert to
∙ ​Property of Equality for Exponential
scientific notation
Equation, Final answer ∙​ ​Conclusion
14. ​������ 0.1 = �� 3
​    CHECKING:
Substitute the value of x
to the given equation ������ 0.1 = −1 10​−1 =

0.1 10​−1 ​= 10​−1

4  
22.

∙ ​Given equation

∙ ​Equivalent exponential form ​∙ ������​�� ​125 = 3; �� = 5


Factor of 125 ������​5 125 =3

∙ ​Equate the bases, Final 5​3 ​= 125
5​3 ​= 5​3
answer ∙​ ​Conclusion
18. ​������​�� ​125 = 3 ��������,������​��
CHECKING:
​ 0. ​��​3 ​= 5​3 ������ = ��
19. ​��​3 ​= 125 2 Substitute the
21. �� = 5 value of n to
the given

25. 3​ 2��+1
​ ​
= 3​4
26. 2​ �� + 1 = 4
27. 2​ �� + 1 − 1 = 4 − 1
28. 1​​ 2​[2�� = 3]​1​2
29. �� =​3​2
30. � ​ �����​�� ���� ​ =
�� ​��​��​ ​+ �� ������​��
���� = �� + �� ∙ ​Given
��������,������​�� ∙ ​Equivalent exponential form
���� = �� ​31. ∙ ​Factor of 81
23. �
​ �����​3 ​81 = 2�� + 1
∙ ​Property of Equality for Exponential
5   Equation, Solve for n ∙​ ​Addition Property
24. ​32��+1
​ ​
= 81
of Equality 3​
������​3 8 ​ 1 = 2 ​ 2​ + 1
∙ ​Multiplication Property of Equality CHECKING:   ������​3 81 ​ =3+1
∙ ​Final answer Substitute the value of n to
������​3 81 =4
the given equation ​
3​4 =

81
3​4 = ​
3​4
������​3 ​81 = 2�� + 1;
3​
∙ ​Conclusion �� =​ 2

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

42. �� = −6 4
​ 3. Substitute the
value of n to
������​��​��​����​=​���� the given
6   −��

��������,������​��​��​���
�​= −��
CHECKING:
32. ​������​4​1​16​=​12​�� 3
​ 3. ​4​
12��

=​1​16
∙ ​Given

∙ ​Equivalent exponential form

∙ ​Law of negative exponent equation

1​ 12​
∙ ​Factor of 16, simplify ������​4​ 16 =​ ��​; �� = −6
1​ 12​
������​4​ 16 =​ ��
∙ ​Property of Equality for 1​ 12​
������​4​ 16 =​ ��

Exponential Equation ​∙
−6 ​
=​1​16
4​12
Multiplication Property of 1​
4​−2 ​=​ 16
4​−2 ​= 4​−2
Equality
−1​ 2(−1)
34. ​4​ = 16​ ​35. ​4​
12�� ​ 12�� ​
= 4​
−2
36. ​4​12�� ​
= 4​
∙ ​Multiplication Property of Equality ​∙
37.​12​��​= −2
38. ​�� 12​
​ ��​= −2 �� ​39. 1​ 2=
−2�� Symmetric Property, Final answer

40.​��​��​[12 = −2��]​��​�� ​41. −


​ 6
= ��
∙ ​Conclusion
��

if and only if ​�� = ��​.


44.
LOGARITHMIC EQUATION: PROPERTY
OF EQUALITY

Let �
​ �b
​ e a positive real number and �
​ � ≠ 1​.
Then,

������​�� ��
​ = ������​��
������​2​(2�� − 6)
45. ​������​3��
​ = ������​3​2 =
������​3 [3(2)
​ − 4]
������​3​(3�� − 4) 4
​ 6. ​�� = ������​3​2 =
3�� − 4 ������​3​(6 − 4)
∙ ​Given ������​3​2 =
������​3 2 ​
∙ ​Property of Equality for Logarithmic
Equation
∙ ​Addition Property
of Equality 55. 3​ �� − 2 = 2�� − 6 ​56. 3​ ��
CHECKING:

∙ ​Multiplication − 2�� − 2 = 2�� − 2�� −6 ​57.


�� − 2 = −6
Property of
58. �
​ � − 2+ 2 = −6 + 2
Equality ​∙ ​Final ∙ ​Property of Equality for Logarithmic
answer Equation ​∙ ​Addition Property of
Equality

∙ ​Addition Property of Equality

∙ ​Given

CHECKING:
47. ​�� − 3�� = 3�� −3�� − 4
59. �
​ � = −4 6
​ 0.
48. ​−2�� = −4
49. ​−1​​ 2​[−2�� = −4] −​1​2 ∙ ​Final answer
Substitute the value of x to the given equation
50. �� = 2
51. ������​2​(3�� − 2) = ������​2​(2�� − 6);
�� = −4
52. ​∴ ������
����������������
������ ���� {��} 5
​ 3.
Substitute the value of x to the given equation

54. ​������​2(3�� − 2) = ������​3​�� = ������​3​(3�� − 4); �� =


​ 2
61. ​∴ �� = −�� ���� ���������������� ����������������. 6
​ 3.
���������� ���� ���� ������ ����
������ ������������ ​62. �
​ ��� ������ ������​2​[3(−4) − 2] = ������​2 ​[2(−4) − 6] ������​2​− 14 =
���������� ����������������. ������​2 ​− 14
����������, ���������� ���� ����

5
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

1​ST LAW

OF LOGARITHMS

i. �
​ �����​�� ​�� = 1 ��,
ii. �
​ �����​�� ​1 = 0
�� ​
iii. ​������​�� ��​
​ = �� (�� > 0,
�� ≠ 1)

EXAMPLES:
∙ ​Given
i. ​������​6 ​6 = 1 ∙ ​Equivalent exponential form
6​1 ​= 6 ∙ L​ aw of exponent of one, Logarithm of the
base
6=6
64.
65.
ii. ​������​2 ​1 = 0
2​0 ​= 1 ∙ ​Given
1=1 ∙ ​Equivalent exponential form
66. ∙ ​Law of zero exponent, Logarithm of one
67.
ii. ​������​7 ​7​1 ​= 1
7​1 ​= 7​1
7=7
68. ∙ ​Given
∙ ​Equivalent exponential form
69.
∙ ​Law of exponent of one, Logarithm of a
LAWS OF LOGARITHMS number

2​nd ​LAW OF LOGARITHMS: LOGARITHM OF PRODUCTS T ​ he logarithm of the product of


positive real numbers is equal to the sum of the logarithms of ​��,
the factors of the given base.

������​�� ​���� = ������​�� ��


​ +������​�� ��

EXAMPLES:
70.
1.
72. 2​ . ​������​3 ​2����
������​2 ​(3)(5) 73. � ​ �����​3 ​2���� = ������​3 ​2 +
71. ​������​2 (3)(5)
​ = ������​2 ​3 + ������​3 ​�� + ������​3 ​��
������​2 ​5
Logarithm of Products, Final answer

74. ​3. ​������​4 ​(5��)(7��) ∙ ​Given


75. ​������​4​(5��)(7��) = ∙ ​Logarithm of Products, Final answer
������​4 ​5�� + ������​4 ​7��
76. ​������​4​(5��)(7��) =
(������​4 ​5 + ������​4 ​��) + ∙ ​Given
(������​4 ​7 + ������​4 ​��) ∙ L​ ogarithm of Products
∙ ​Given
∙ ​Logarithm of Products, Final answer

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

3​rd LAW

OF LOGARITHMS: LOGARITHM OF QUOTIENT
The
logarithm of
the quotient
of two positive real numbers is equal to the logarithms of the dividend minus the ​��,
logarithm of the divisor.

��​
������​��​ ��​= ������​�� ��
​ − ������​�� ​��

EXAMPLES:
������​3​��

∙ ​Given

Logarithm of Quotient, ​Final Answer


77. 1​ .
������​2​3​5 ∙ ​Given

78. �
​ �����​2​3​5​= ������​2 ​3 − ∙
������​2 ​5

Logarithm of Quotient

∙ ​Logarithm of Products, Final Answer

79. ​2. ​������​3​4��​��


80. ​������​3​4��​��​= ������​3​4��
− ������​3​�� ​81. �​ �����​3​4��​��​=
(������​3​4 + ������​3​��) −
4​th LAW

OF LOGARITHMS: LOGARITHM OF POWER ​The
logarithm of the power of positive real numbers is equal to the
��,
exponent multiply to the logarithms of the factors of the given
�� ​
base. �
​ �����​�� ​��​ = ��

������​�� ​��

EXAMPLES:
������​2 ​3

84. 2​ . ​������​2​(�� + 5)​12 (3��)


∙ ​Given
82. 1​ . ​������​2​3​ 8
​ 3.
5​
∙ ​Logarithm of Power,
������​2 ​3​ = 5 5​ Final Answer

1​
������​2​(�� + 5)​1​2 ​(3��) ​=​ 2​������​2​(�� + 5) +
(������​2​3 + ������​2​��)​∙ ​Given
∙ ​Logarithm of Power &
Product, Final Answer
3 ​ 1​
�� + 11 ​ =​ 2​������​��​(�� + 7)
3. ​������​��​ ��+7
1​
��+11 ​3 −​ 3​������​��​(�� + 11)
∙ ​Given
������​��​ �
​ �+7
3​
�� + 11 ​ = ������​��​ ​�� + 7 −
∙ ​Logarithm of
������​��​ �
​ � + 11 3​​ �
​ �����​�� Quotient
�� + 7
3​ ∙ ​Laws of Fractional Exponent
�� + 11 ​ = ������​��​(�� + 7)​12

− ������​��​(�� + 11)​1​3 ∙ ​Logarithm of Power, Final answer

������​��​ �
​ �+7

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6
EXAMPLES: Given that �
​ �����​��​��
= ��. �������� ​and �
​ �����​��​�� = ��. ��������​, find
1. 86.

������​5​4
Given

� ​ ������​5 ​2​2
​ �����​5​4 = ∙ ​Factor of 4

​������​5​4 ​= 2������​5 ​2 ∙ ​Logarithm of Power


������​5​4 =
​ 2(0.4307)
∙ ​Substitute the value of �​ �����​5 ​2​,
������​5​4 ​≈ 0.8614 then m​ ultiply it by 2
∙ ​Approximated answer
85.

EXAMPLES: Given
that �
​ �����​��​�� = ��. �������� a
​ nd �
​ �����​��​�� = ��. ��������​, find


​ �����​5​24 =
​ ������​5​3 +

​ ������​5​24 ​=
3������​5 2

(0.6826) + 3(0.4307) ������​5​24 ​=


(0.6826) + (1.2921)

������​5​24 ​≈ 1.9747

87.
88.

2. ​������​5​24

​������​5​24 =
​ ������​5​3 +
3
������​5 2​

Given ∙ ​Substitute the values from given

∙ ​Factor of 24, Logarithm of Products ​∙ ∙ ​Multiplication in 2​nd term


Logarithm of Power ∙ ​Approximated answer

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

Equation
∙ ​Extract
the
square
root,
Simplify

1  
89. ​������​2 ​25 > 2 ������​2
∙ ​Solve
�� 9 ​ 0. ​������​2 ​25 > ������​2
the
��​2​ ​91. ​25 > ��​2​ ​92. ​25 > ��​2​ 9
​ 3. inequality
±5 > �� 9 ​ > ��
​ 4. 5 ∙ ​Extract
95. ​−5 > �� the
square
96. root,
97. ​��​2 ​> 0 Simplify

98. ​��​2 ​> 0 9​ 9. �


​ �>0
SOLVING LOGARITHMIC
INEQUALITY ∙ ​Given
∙ ​Logarithm of Power on right hand side
∙ ​Property of Equality for Logarithmic
���������������� ������
������ ������������������
���� �� ���� ����������.
��������: �� < −�� ���� ������������������,
������ ���������������� 2 
������ ���� {�� �� < �� <
��}. ​100. ∙ ​Conclusion ∙​ ​Given

������​5​(5�� + 5) < 3
Simplify

101. ​ �� + 5 < 5​3


5
102. 5​ �� + 5 < 125 ∙ ​Multiplication Property and simplify

103. 5​ �� +5 − 5 < 125 −5


104. 5​ �� < 120
105. 1​​ 5​[5�� < 120]​1​5
106. � ​ � < 24
107. ∙ ​Addition Property, Simplify

108. D ​ etermine where the value is greater than 0. 1


​ 09. ∙ ​Multiplication Property and simplify ​∙ ​Conclusion
��������: ���� �������� �������� ����
������������ �� ����������������. 1
​ 10. ​5��
+5>0
111. 5​ �� + 5 − 5 > 0 − 5
112.​1​5​[5�� > −5]​1​5
113. �​ � > −1


​ �����������������, ������
���������������� ������ ���� {�� −
�� < �� < ����} 1
​ 14.

∙ ​Equivalent exponential form, Simplify ​∙ ​Addition Property,

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

125. �
​ �������: �� ≤ −��
����
����������������
������
������������������
���� �� ����
����������.

126. D
​ etermine where the value
is greater than 0. �
​ �������:
���� �������� ��������
���� ������������ ��
����������������.
127. 1​ . �
​ �>0
128. 2​ . �� +2 > 0
129. � ​ � > −2
130. 3​ . 4�� +8 > 0
131.​1​4​[4�� > −8]​1​4
132. � ​ � > −2
133.
134.

115. �
​ �����​3 ​�� +������​3​(�� + 2) ≤ ������������������, ������
������​3​(4�� + 8) ���������������� ������ ������
{�� �� < �� ≤ �� } ​135.

116. �
​ �����​3​��(�� + 2) ≤ ������​3​(4�� + 8) ∙ ​Given
a. ​��(�� + 2) ≤ 4�� + 8
∙ ​Logarithm
​ �​2 +
117. � ​
2�� ≤ 4�� + 8
of Power
​ �​2 +2��
118. � ​
− 4�� ≤ 4�� − 4�� + 8
on left
​ �​2 −
119. � ​
2�� ≤ 8 hand side ∙​
2​
120. �
​ �​ − 2�� −8 ≤ 8 − 8 Property of
2​
121. �
​ �​ − 2�� −8 ≤ 0 Equality for

122. (​ �� − 4)(�� + 2) ≤ 0 Logarithmic

123. �
​ �≤4�
​ � ≤ −2 Equation,
Simplify
124.
∙ ​Addition Property of Inequality on 4x ​∙ ​Simplify
∙ ​Addition Property of Inequality to 8, Multiplication Property
∙ ​Addition Property of Inequality on 8, Simplify of Inequality to 4

∙ ​Factor out
∙ ​Conclusion

∙ ​Addition Property of Inequality to 8

10

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

Graphing Logarithmic Functions


�� = log(��)
�� = log(−��) ��
​ = −log(��) ��
​ = −log(−��)

Note​: The illustration shows four basic graphs of logarithmic functions.

11

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

Example 1: ​�� = ������​��​(�� − ��)

�� − 1 = 0 ;​ ​�� = �� ​Always equate to 0 to find V


​ ​ertical Asymptote​ �
​ � − 1 = 1 ;​ ​�� = ��

Always equate to 1 because ​�������� = ��​ g


​ iven any base ​�� − 1 = 3 ;​ ​�� = �� ​Always

equate to the given base because​������​3​3 = 1

�� = ������​3​(�� − 1) ��
x 2 4 �� = ������​3​(�� − 1) ��
= ������​3​(4 − 1) �� =
= ������​3​(2 − 1) �� =
y 0 1 ������​3​(3)
������​3​(1)
�� = 1
�� = 0
Note: x​ = 1 is not included in the table of values because it is the Vertical Asymptote. To complete the
table of values, substitute the value of x to the given logarithmic function to solve for y.
������​3​(�� − 1)
To solve for x – intercept let y = 0

��. ��: �� = ������​ (�� − 1) ​* Given


3​
�� = 1
0 = ������​3​(�� − 1) *
​ Substitute the value

of y 3
​ 0​ ​= �� − 1 ​* Equivalent exponential form

1 = �� − 1 ​* Law of zero exponent 1


​ + 1 = ��

−1+1*
​ Addition Property of Equality ​2 = �� *

Therefore, x-intercept is (2,0) From the graph,

there will be no y – intercept.

�� = ​������������ = {�� �� > 1}


���������� = {�� ��ϵ​ℝ}​

Note: ​To graph, plot first the Vertical Asymptote then the coordinates we have from table of values. Start from
vertical asymptote going to the points.

Note: ​To determine the domain and range, look for all possible values of x and y for it to continue the its
graph. R ​ ange ​will be going positive infinity upwards and negative infinity downwards.
Domain w ​ ill be positive infinity greater than one. One is not included since it is the vertical asymptote.

12

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

Example 2: ​�� = ������​��​(�� − ��)

5 − �� = 0 ;​ ​�� = �� ​Always equate to 0 to find V


​ ​ertical Asymptote​ 5
​ − �� = 1 ;​ ​�� = ��

Always equate to 1 because ​�������� = ��​ g


​ iven any base ​5 − �� = 4 ​; ​�� = �� ​Always

equate to the given base because​������​4​4 = 1

������​4​(4)
x 1 4 �� = 1
�� = ������​4​(5 − ��) ��
�� = ������​4​(5 − ��) ��
y 1 0
= ������​4​(5 − 1) �� =
= ������​4​(5 − 4) �� =
������​4​(1) �� = 0

Note: x​ = 5 is not included in the table of values because it is the Vertical Asymptote. To complete the
table of values, substitute the value of x to the given logarithmic function to solve for y.
− �� ​* Law of zero exponent 1 ​ − 5 = 5 − 5 − ��
* Addition Property of Equality − ​ 1[−4 = −��] − 1
* Mulitplication Property of Equality 4​ = �� ​*
Therefore, x-intercept is (4,0)
��. ��: ��
=5 To solve for y – intercepts let x = 0
�� = ������​4​(5 − ��) * ​ Given
​�� = ������​4​(5 − 0) *
​ Substitute the value of
x ​�� = ������​4​5 ​* Answer

�� =
������​4​(5 − ��)
To solve for x – intercept let y = 0
�� = ������​4​(5 − ��) *
​ Given
* Therefore, y-intercept is (​ 0,������​4​5)

0 = ������​4​(5 − ��) * ​ Substitute the value of


y ������������ = {�� �� < 5}
���������� = {�� ��ϵ​ℝ}​
4​ = 5 − �� ​* Equivalent exponential form ​1 = 5
0​

Note: ​To graph, plot first the Vertical Asymptote then the coordinates we obtain from table of values. Start from
vertical asymptote going to the points.

Note: ​To determine the domain and range, look for all possible values of x and y for it to continue the its
graph. R ​ ange ​will be going positive infinity upwards and negative infinity downwards.
Domain w ​ ill be negative infinity less than five. Five is not included since it is the vertical asymptote.

13

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

III. INTERACTIVE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


1. What are the real-life applications of logarithmic?
2. After learning logarithmic, how would this be helpful in our lives?
IV. VALUES REFLECTION
Draw an example of logarithmic application and explain it briefly.

14

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

V. ACITIVITY ENGAGEMENT

Directions: D
​ etermine the intercepts, table of values, asymptotes, domain, and range of a logarithmic function then
graph.

1. ​�� = ������​2​�� ​2. �


​ � = ������​5​(�� + 2)
15

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

VI. RESEARCH EXPLORATION

Direction: Analyze the pictures below and describe what makes it related to logarithmic function​.
More info: ​https://www.amansmathsblogs.com/real-life-scenario-logarithms/

16

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

VII. INTEGRATION AND SYNTHESIS


LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

S ∙ ​“Logarithmic” came from the Greek words “logos” (ratio) and “arithmos” (number). ∙​
Y Logarithmic function is represented as ​��(��) = ������​�� ​��, ​wherein � ​ �(��) ​or �
​ �
N is the exponent, � ​ � ​is the base, and ​�� ​is the argument or answer. It is the inverse function
T of ​�� = ��​��​. �​ �����​�� �� ​ ​is called logarithmic equation and � ​ �����​�� ​�� ≥ 0 ​or
H ������​�� �� ​ ≤ 0 ​ is called logarithmic inequality. ∙
​ T
​ he inverse of logarithmic function is
E exponential function​.
S ∙ ​Logarithm is merely an exponent.
I ∙ ​There are four laws of logarithms; a) 1​st ​Law of Logarithm b) 2​nd Law: ​
Logarithm of a Product
S c) 3​rd ​Law: Logarithm of a Quotient d) 4​th ​Law: Logarithm of a Power

R   Directions: Make your own paper activity from the video (copy and paste the
link), then capture each step and change each steps in logarithmic form.

L  
E   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58aKxyjBjd0

E   1. Watch the video

F   2. Make paper activity

A   a. Get any paper

L   b. Fold the paper as what the video instructed

R   c. Change the forms into logarithmic form

E   d. Write your answers in any paper

N   3. Make a documentation by capturing each steps

C   4. Send your documentation on Facebook messenger.

I  
T  
N  
I  
G  
O  
N  

17

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6
VIII. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING

I. Directions: C
​ omplete the table below.
LOGARITHMIC EXPONENTIAL

������​�� ��
​ = ��

��​�� =

��

��​�� =

����

������​�� ����
​ = ��

�� ������​�� ��
​ = ��

II. Directions: E
​ valuate the following logarithms. Show your complete solution.

A. Logarithmic Equation B. Logarithmic Inequality


��) ������​��​(���� + ��) < ��
��) ������​�� ​����

��) ������​�� ​������

��) ������​�� ��+


​ ������​��​(��
+ ��) ≤ ������​��​(�� − ����)

��) ������ ����������

18

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

III. Directions: ​Determine if the given is a logarithmic function, logarithmic equation, or logarithmic
inequality.

1. �
​ �(��) = ������​4​16

2. �
​ � ≥ ������​4​1

3. �
​ � = 3 − ������​2​(4 − ��)

4. �
​ �(��) = ������​2​(�� − 2) + 2

5. �
​ �����​2​�� < 4

IV. Directions: W
​ rite the following in expanded form.

1. �
​ �����​5​2��

2. �
​ �����​��​��​2​√��

3. �
​ �����​3​5��​��

4. �
​ �����​2​6��​2​��​2

​ ����� ​��​��
5. �

19

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6

V. Directions: ​Solve the following logarithmic equations by finding the value of x. Show your complete
solution and box your final answer.

1. ​������​�� ��
​ = �� ​2. �
​ ����� ��. ������ = �� ​3. ​������​��

���� = �� ​4. ​������​�� ��


​ = ��

5. ​������​�� ������
​ = ���� + ��

20

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. ​6
IX. NETWORKS, DIGITAL SOURCES AND REFERENCES
Network
Google Classroom

Web Sources
https://www.amansmathsblogs.com/real-life-scenario-logarithms/
The Organic Chemistry Tutor

Text Book
Verzosa, D.M., et al. Teaching Guide for Senior High School (General Mathematics). Manila: Office of Commission on
Higher Education, (2016).

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