Logarithmic Function Final!!
Logarithmic Function Final!!
Module 6:
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
I. OUTCOMES OF LEARNING
“Logarithmic” came from the Greek words “logos” (ratio) and “arithmos” (number).
exponent
LOGARITHMIC FORM EXPONENTIAL FORM
�������� �� =
��
��
�� = ��
argument base
NOTE: The inverse of logarithmic function is exponential function.
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
EXAMPLE 1: �
�������
���� = ��
PRESS
THE FOLLOWING:
= 2
log base
first
5
input the
25
next
the
answer
argument
EXAMPLE 2: �
�����
�������� = ��
PRESS
THE FOLLOWING:
argument
= 3
answer
EXAMPLE 1:
�������� ���� =
��
log
1000
input
log (25)
input
argument
base
÷
input
=
2
answer
log (5)
EXAMPLE 2: ������
�������� = ��
PRESS
THE FOLLOWING:
= 3
log
1000
input
answer
argument
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
LOGARITHMIC EXAMPLE
�� -2 -1 0 1 2 3 �� �� �� 1 2 4 8
�� ��
�� �� �� 1 2 4 8 �� -2 -1 0 1 2 3
�� ��
EXPONENTIAL EQUATION
3
LOGARITHMIC EQUATION 3 = 27
������3 27 = 3
102 =
100 ������ 100 = 2 912 =
3
������9 3 =12
8�� =
64 ������8 64
= ��
NOTE: (a) Logarithm is merely an exponent.
(b) l og 100 = ������10 100
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
������2 8
= ��;
�� = 3
������2 8
=3
∙ Equivalent exponential 23 = 8
form 23 = 23
∙ Factor of 8
6.
2. 2�� . 2�� = 23 4.
= 8 3
�� = 3
5. ��������,�������� ��
∙ Property of Equality for Exponential
= �� Equation, Final answer
7.
2
������7 7 . 7�� Exponential Equation, Final
7 = �� 8
answer
=779 .
∙ Law ∙ Conclusion
10. 7��
= 71⦁712 1
1. of
�� CHECKING:
12. 7 = 732 1 3.
Substitute the
value of x to
�� =32 the given
��������,�������� equation
�� �� =���� ������7 7
7 = ��; ��
3
= 2
������7 7
3
7 = 2
∙ Given fractional exponent 732 = 7 7
732 = 71⦁712
∙ Equivalent exponential form
∙ Product Rule 732
= 732
4
22.
∙ Given equation
25. 3 2��+1
= 34
26. 2 �� + 1 = 4
27. 2 �� + 1 − 1 = 4 − 1
28. 1 2[2�� = 3]12
29. �� =32
30. � ������� ���� =
�� ���� + �� ��������
���� = �� + �� ∙ Given
��������,�������� ∙ Equivalent exponential form
���� = �� 31. ∙ Factor of 81
23. �
�����3 81 = 2�� + 1
∙ Property of Equality for Exponential
5 Equation, Solve for n ∙ Addition Property
24. 32��+1
= 81
of Equality 3
������3 8 1 = 2 2 + 1
∙ Multiplication Property of Equality CHECKING: ������3 81 =3+1
∙ Final answer Substitute the value of n to
������3 81 =4
the given equation
34 =
81
34 =
34
������3 81 = 2�� + 1;
3
∙ Conclusion �� = 2
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
42. �� = −6 4
3. Substitute the
value of n to
��������������=���� the given
6 −��
��������,�������������
�= −��
CHECKING:
32. ������4116=12�� 3
3. 4
12��
=116
∙ Given
1 12
∙ Factor of 16, simplify ������4 16 = ��; �� = −6
1 12
������4 16 = ��
∙ Property of Equality for 1 12
������4 16 = ��
Exponential Equation ∙
−6
=116
412
Multiplication Property of 1
4−2 = 16
4−2 = 4−2
Equality
−1 2(−1)
34. 4 = 16 35. 4
12�� 12��
= 4
−2
36. 412��
= 4
∙ Multiplication Property of Equality ∙
37.12��= −2
38. �� 12
��= −2 �� 39. 1 2=
−2�� Symmetric Property, Final answer
Let �
�b
e a positive real number and �
� ≠ 1.
Then,
�������� ��
= ��������
������2(2�� − 6)
45. ������3��
= ������32 =
������3 [3(2)
− 4]
������3(3�� − 4) 4
6. �� = ������32 =
3�� − 4 ������3(6 − 4)
∙ Given ������32 =
������3 2
∙ Property of Equality for Logarithmic
Equation
∙ Addition Property
of Equality 55. 3 �� − 2 = 2�� − 6 56. 3 ��
CHECKING:
∙ Given
CHECKING:
47. �� − 3�� = 3�� −3�� − 4
59. �
� = −4 6
0.
48. −2�� = −4
49. −1 2[−2�� = −4] −12 ∙ Final answer
Substitute the value of x to the given equation
50. �� = 2
51. ������2(3�� − 2) = ������2(2�� − 6);
�� = −4
52. ∴ ������
����������������
������ ���� {��} 5
3.
Substitute the value of x to the given equation
5
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
1ST LAW
OF LOGARITHMS
i. �
������� �� = 1 ��,
ii. �
������� 1 = 0
��
iii. �������� ��
= �� (�� > 0,
�� ≠ 1)
EXAMPLES:
∙ Given
i. ������6 6 = 1 ∙ Equivalent exponential form
61 = 6 ∙ L aw of exponent of one, Logarithm of the
base
6=6
64.
65.
ii. ������2 1 = 0
20 = 1 ∙ Given
1=1 ∙ Equivalent exponential form
66. ∙ Law of zero exponent, Logarithm of one
67.
ii. ������7 71 = 1
71 = 71
7=7
68. ∙ Given
∙ Equivalent exponential form
69.
∙ Law of exponent of one, Logarithm of a
LAWS OF LOGARITHMS number
EXAMPLES:
70.
1.
72. 2 . ������3 2����
������2 (3)(5) 73. � �����3 2���� = ������3 2 +
71. ������2 (3)(5)
= ������2 3 + ������3 �� + ������3 ��
������2 5
Logarithm of Products, Final answer
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
3rd LAW
OF LOGARITHMS: LOGARITHM OF QUOTIENT
The
logarithm of
the quotient
of two positive real numbers is equal to the logarithms of the dividend minus the ��,
logarithm of the divisor.
��
�������� ��= �������� ��
− �������� ��
EXAMPLES:
������3��
∙ Given
78. �
�����235= ������2 3 − ∙
������2 5
Logarithm of Quotient
�������� ��
EXAMPLES:
������2 3
∙ Given
82. 1 . ������23 8
3.
5
∙ Logarithm of Power,
������2 3 = 5 5 Final Answer
1
������2(�� + 5)12 (3��) = 2������2(�� + 5) +
(������23 + ������2��)∙ Given
∙ Logarithm of Power &
Product, Final Answer
3 1
�� + 11 = 2��������(�� + 7)
3. �������� ��+7
1
��+11 3 − 3��������(�� + 11)
∙ Given
�������� �
�+7
3
�� + 11 = �������� �� + 7 −
∙ Logarithm of
�������� �
� + 11 3 �
������� Quotient
�� + 7
3 ∙ Laws of Fractional Exponent
�� + 11 = ��������(�� + 7)12
�������� �
�+7
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
EXAMPLES: Given that �
���������
= ��. �������� and �
��������� = ��. ��������, find
1. 86.
∙
������54
Given
� ������5 22
�����54 = ∙ Factor of 4
EXAMPLES: Given
that �
��������� = ��. �������� a
nd �
��������� = ��. ��������, find
�
�����524 =
������53 +
������524 =
3������5 2
������524 ≈ 1.9747
87.
88.
∙
2. ������524
������524 =
������53 +
3
������5 2
Given ∙ Substitute the values from given
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
Equation
∙ Extract
the
square
root,
Simplify
1
89. ������2 25 > 2 ������2
∙ Solve
�� 9 0. ������2 25 > ������2
the
��2 91. 25 > ��2 92. 25 > ��2 9
3. inequality
±5 > �� 9 > ��
4. 5 ∙ Extract
95. −5 > �� the
square
96. root,
97. ��2 > 0 Simplify
������5(5�� + 5) < 3
Simplify
�
�����������������, ������
���������������� ������ ���� {�� −
�� < �� < ����} 1
14.
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
125. �
�������: �� ≤ −��
����
����������������
������
������������������
���� �� ����
����������.
126. D
etermine where the value
is greater than 0. �
�������:
���� �������� ��������
���� ������������ ��
����������������.
127. 1 . �
�>0
128. 2 . �� +2 > 0
129. � � > −2
130. 3 . 4�� +8 > 0
131.14[4�� > −8]14
132. � � > −2
133.
134.
115. �
�����3 �� +������3(�� + 2) ≤ ������������������, ������
������3(4�� + 8) ���������������� ������ ������
{�� �� < �� ≤ �� } 135.
3
116. �
�����3��(�� + 2) ≤ ������3(4�� + 8) ∙ Given
a. ��(�� + 2) ≤ 4�� + 8
∙ Logarithm
�2 +
117. �
2�� ≤ 4�� + 8
of Power
�2 +2��
118. �
− 4�� ≤ 4�� − 4�� + 8
on left
�2 −
119. �
2�� ≤ 8 hand side ∙
2
120. �
� − 2�� −8 ≤ 8 − 8 Property of
2
121. �
� − 2�� −8 ≤ 0 Equality for
123. �
�≤4�
� ≤ −2 Equation,
Simplify
124.
∙ Addition Property of Inequality on 4x ∙ Simplify
∙ Addition Property of Inequality to 8, Multiplication Property
∙ Addition Property of Inequality on 8, Simplify of Inequality to 4
∙ Factor out
∙ Conclusion
10
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
11
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
�� = ������3(�� − 1) ��
x 2 4 �� = ������3(�� − 1) ��
= ������3(4 − 1) �� =
= ������3(2 − 1) �� =
y 0 1 ������3(3)
������3(1)
�� = 1
�� = 0
Note: x = 1 is not included in the table of values because it is the Vertical Asymptote. To complete the
table of values, substitute the value of x to the given logarithmic function to solve for y.
������3(�� − 1)
To solve for x – intercept let y = 0
of y 3
0 = �� − 1 * Equivalent exponential form
−1+1*
Addition Property of Equality 2 = �� *
Note: To graph, plot first the Vertical Asymptote then the coordinates we have from table of values. Start from
vertical asymptote going to the points.
Note: To determine the domain and range, look for all possible values of x and y for it to continue the its
graph. R ange will be going positive infinity upwards and negative infinity downwards.
Domain w ill be positive infinity greater than one. One is not included since it is the vertical asymptote.
12
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
������4(4)
x 1 4 �� = 1
�� = ������4(5 − ��) ��
�� = ������4(5 − ��) ��
y 1 0
= ������4(5 − 1) �� =
= ������4(5 − 4) �� =
������4(1) �� = 0
Note: x = 5 is not included in the table of values because it is the Vertical Asymptote. To complete the
table of values, substitute the value of x to the given logarithmic function to solve for y.
− �� * Law of zero exponent 1 − 5 = 5 − 5 − ��
* Addition Property of Equality − 1[−4 = −��] − 1
* Mulitplication Property of Equality 4 = �� *
Therefore, x-intercept is (4,0)
��. ��: ��
=5 To solve for y – intercepts let x = 0
�� = ������4(5 − ��) * Given
�� = ������4(5 − 0) *
Substitute the value of
x �� = ������45 * Answer
�� =
������4(5 − ��)
To solve for x – intercept let y = 0
�� = ������4(5 − ��) *
Given
* Therefore, y-intercept is ( 0,������45)
Note: To graph, plot first the Vertical Asymptote then the coordinates we obtain from table of values. Start from
vertical asymptote going to the points.
Note: To determine the domain and range, look for all possible values of x and y for it to continue the its
graph. R ange will be going positive infinity upwards and negative infinity downwards.
Domain w ill be negative infinity less than five. Five is not included since it is the vertical asymptote.
13
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
14
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
V. ACITIVITY ENGAGEMENT
Directions: D
etermine the intercepts, table of values, asymptotes, domain, and range of a logarithmic function then
graph.
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
Direction: Analyze the pictures below and describe what makes it related to logarithmic function.
More info: https://www.amansmathsblogs.com/real-life-scenario-logarithms/
16
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
S ∙ “Logarithmic” came from the Greek words “logos” (ratio) and “arithmos” (number). ∙
Y Logarithmic function is represented as ��(��) = �������� ��, wherein � �(��) or �
�
N is the exponent, � � is the base, and �� is the argument or answer. It is the inverse function
T of �� = ����. � ������� �� is called logarithmic equation and � ������� �� ≥ 0 or
H �������� �� ≤ 0 is called logarithmic inequality. ∙
T
he inverse of logarithmic function is
E exponential function.
S ∙ Logarithm is merely an exponent.
I ∙ There are four laws of logarithms; a) 1st Law of Logarithm b) 2nd Law:
Logarithm of a Product
S c) 3rd Law: Logarithm of a Quotient d) 4th Law: Logarithm of a Power
R Directions: Make your own paper activity from the video (copy and paste the
link), then capture each step and change each steps in logarithmic form.
L
E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58aKxyjBjd0
I
T
N
I
G
O
N
17
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
VIII. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING
I. Directions: C
omplete the table below.
LOGARITHMIC EXPONENTIAL
�������� ��
= ��
���� =
��
���� =
����
�������� ����
= ��
�� �������� ��
= ��
II. Directions: E
valuate the following logarithms. Show your complete solution.
18
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
III. Directions: Determine if the given is a logarithmic function, logarithmic equation, or logarithmic
inequality.
1. �
�(��) = ������416
2. �
� ≥ ������41
3. �
� = 3 − ������2(4 − ��)
4. �
�(��) = ������2(�� − 2) + 2
5. �
�����2�� < 4
IV. Directions: W
rite the following in expanded form.
1. �
�����52��
2. �
���������2√��
3. �
�����35����
4. �
�����26��2��2
����� ����
5. �
19
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
V. Directions: Solve the following logarithmic equations by finding the value of x. Show your complete
solution and box your final answer.
1. �������� ��
= �� 2. �
����� ��. ������ = �� 3. ��������
5. �������� ������
= ���� + ��
20
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH 001: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Module No. 6
IX. NETWORKS, DIGITAL SOURCES AND REFERENCES
Network
Google Classroom
Web Sources
https://www.amansmathsblogs.com/real-life-scenario-logarithms/
The Organic Chemistry Tutor
Text Book
Verzosa, D.M., et al. Teaching Guide for Senior High School (General Mathematics). Manila: Office of Commission on
Higher Education, (2016).
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