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Functions of Management

Management involves four key functions: planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling. [1] Planning involves determining goals and courses of action to achieve them. [2] Organizing is bringing together resources and developing relationships to accomplish goals. [3] Staffing involves selecting and placement of personnel, as well as training and development. [4] Controlling measures performance against standards and makes corrections to ensure goals are met.

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Sheikh Aamir
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56 views

Functions of Management

Management involves four key functions: planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling. [1] Planning involves determining goals and courses of action to achieve them. [2] Organizing is bringing together resources and developing relationships to accomplish goals. [3] Staffing involves selecting and placement of personnel, as well as training and development. [4] Controlling measures performance against standards and makes corrections to ensure goals are met.

Uploaded by

Sheikh Aamir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Write a note on functions of Management.

DEFINATION OF MANAGEMENT:

It is a social process involving responsibility for economical and effective planning and
regulation of operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic
process consisting of various elements and activities.

“There are four fundamental functions of management i.e. planning, organizing, actuating
and controlling”.

Planning

It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action &
deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-
determined goals. According to KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding in advance - what to do,
when to do & how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”. A
plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving & decision making.
Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a
systematic thinking about ways & means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals.
Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human & non-human resources. It is
all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion,
uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.

Organizing

It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and
developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals.
According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or
its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”. To organize a business
involves determining & providing human and non-human resources to the organizational
structure. Organizing as a process involves:

 Identification of activities.
 Classification of grouping of activities.
 Assignment of duties.
 Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
 Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.

Staffing

It is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. Staffing has
assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology,
increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose of
staffing is to put right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in
round holes. According to Kootz & O’’Donell, “Managerial function of staffing involves
manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal &
development of personnel to fill the roles designed un the structure”. Staffing involves:

 Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of searching, choose the


person and giving the right place).
 Recruitment, Selection & Placement.
 Training & Development.
 Remuneration.
 Performance Appraisal.
 Promotions & Transfer

Directing

It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work
efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the
enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because planning, organizing and
staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction is that inert-personnel
aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising,
motivating sub-ordinate for the achievement of organizational goals. Direction has
following elements:

 Supervision
 Motivation
 Leadership
 Communication
Supervision- implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superiors. It is the act of
watching & directing work & workers.

Motivation- means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates with zeal to


work. Positive, negative, monetary, non-monetary incentives may be used for this purpose.

Leadership- may be defined as a process by which manager guides and influences the work
of subordinates in desired direction.

Communications- is the process of passing information, experience, opinion etc from one
person to another. It is a bridge of understanding.

Controlling

It implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of


deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of controlling
is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system
of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. According to Theo
Haimann, “Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is being
made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation”.
According to Koontz & O’Donell “Controlling is the measurement & correction of
performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives
and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished”. Therefore controlling has
following steps:

 Establishment of standard performance.


 Measurement of actual performance.
 Comparison of actual performance with the standards and finding out deviation if
any.
 Corrective action.

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