Midterm Activity 1 Subject: Readings in Phil. History

MIDTERM
ACTIVITY 1
Subject:
Readings in
Name: Janrae Dominique Mariano
Phil. History
Course/ Year Level: AB – COMM 1-1 Date: __________
1st Semester
Time Allowed: 180 Minutes Score:________/100
2020
Direction: Each student is required to submit a Reaction Paper (choose 3 topics
only), in a printed form, consisting of 300-800 words in a short bond paper. The
topics for the reaction paper are the following:
1. The Site of the First Mass
2. Rizal’s Retraction Controversy
3. Luna Assassination Controversy
4. The Cavite Mutiny Controversy
5. The Cry of Balintawak Controversy.

The Site of the First Mass
As recounted by Pigafetta in his chronicle of Magellan's expedition to the

Philippine islands starting March 16, 1521, the first Christian Mass celebrated
on Philippine soil was made on an island which he called ''Mazaua". The
exact identity and position of this site of the First Mass became the focus of
writings by historians and scholars whose various interpretations of the diary
of Pigafetta would eventually lead to controversy. It has been the prevalent
belief for three centuries that Pigafetta's Mazaua was a location named
Masao near Butuan City in Northern Mindanao. From the 17th to The 19th
century, the Butuan belief continued. Limasawa was identified and the most
likely venue of the First Mass with the publication of Pigafetta’s diary of
Magellan’s voyage.
One of my reactions to the Site of the First Mass Controversy that was
discussed in our history class. There were two conflict claims to the site of the
first mass in the Philippines., and I think the claims of historians who based
their study on Pigafetta’s diary would be the most trustable source. Antonio
Pigafetta was Magellan’s Assistant, he was also there when Magellan
instigated the Mass. However, I just found out that the versions of Pigafetta’s
diary that was available were only summaries and garbled translations that’s
why I could not blame the opposing position to question this. But even though
there were facts that Butuan could be the place the first mass was held it
didn’t shake my belief that Limasawa was indeed the place The First Mass
was held. Since there were 2 other witnesses and the chief who welcomes
Ferdinand Magellan.
In Conclusion, I truly believe that the site of the First Mass was indeed in
Limasawa as I believe those who investigated this controversy with primary
resources. Furthermore, NHCP/NHI already issued a resolution affirming
Limasawa was indeed The site of The First Mass
The Cry of Balintawak
The Cry of Pugad Lawin referred to as the Cry of Balintawak is based on the
Philippine Rebellion Against the Spanish Empire. It is referred to as the fight
between the Katipuneros and the civil guards. The statement can be seen as a
Community tax credential. The Cry began because they were threatened by the
Spanish with the execution of GOMBURZA. They have noticed that they were being
exploited and began to make a revolt. The news of Katipunan's discovery spread
across Manila and the suburbs. Bonifacio, aware of the finding, secretly ordered his
runners to summon all the representatives of the society to a general assembly to be
held on 24 August. Not long after the Philippine Revolution, the cry was
commemorated in Balintawak on August 26, the supposed date of the cry decided at
the time. This is shortly before the skirmish took place between Katipuneros and the
Spanish Civil Guard (Civil Guard), also dated 26 August 1896. The cry included the
breaking of cedulas (tax certificates) and It's meant to be a sign of tearing free from
the yoke of Spain.
From the research, I've learned that Pugad Lawin's cry has existed in Balintawakand
that, until now, I fully believe in the knowledge quoted in the books. Dr. Pio
Valenzuela is one of the remaining witnesses of the Cry of Balintawak, and this is
supported by the list drawn up by Guillermo Masangkay (who himself was present).
If we had to assume Masangkay, Dr. Valenzuela would be the only doctor to join in
the Cry. It appears, though, that his claims are not consistent. His first comment
references the Katipunan meeting that took place between 23 and 25 August in
Balintawak. His second argument, made some 15 years ago, Later, mentions the
cry happen at the house of Apolonio Samson in Kangkong, south of Balintawak, on
August 23. His third argument, made six years back, says of the cry. It occurred at
the house of Melchora Aquino also known as Tandang Sora in Pacpac-Lawin
(Pugad Lawin) near Pasong Tamo, also on 23 August. Pugad Lawin is situated
further north of Balintawak. His fourth comment, made before Masangkay and other
surviving Katipunan members recalled the incident, told a meeting in Kangkong on
August 22, but the cry came to the house of Juan Ramos (Melchora Aquino 's son) in
Pugad Lawin near Bahay Toro on August 23. Although Valenzuela seems to be firm
on the date of August 23, there seems to be a doubt as to when the cry actually
happened. As it is, Valenzuela is not considered to have outstanding memories. This
is illustrated by his recollections of his encounter with Rizal in Dapitan, months
before the launch. The Revolt. His contradictory comments put doubt on the cry
itself. Did it happen or didn't it?
When historians and scholars attempt to arrange activities that happen before, and
after the incident. Cry of Pugad Lawin, using similarities and variations in arguments
between accounts Katipuneros sought to verify arguments using various references.
What's so unique about a thousand angry people breaking down their tax
certificates? Is it important for the boys who are weeping today? The day we
remember our national heroes (fourth Monday of August) is the day when the
Katipunan tear their cedulas apart and declaration war of independence. To this day,
it is also believed that this must be the proper "Freedom Day" of the Philippines,
remembering that the cry preceded the organization of the national government.
Luna’s Assassination
It's hard to watch the tragic assassination scene in the movie Heneral Luna,
but it's based on historical accounts. It's normal to believe that Aguinaldo was
behind the assassination of Luna, after all, the deed was performed by his
troops. Intriguing facts surrounding Aguinaldo's heroism have recently
resurfaced thanks to Tarog 's film, the first of his historic trilogy, in which
Aguinaldo was tagged in the murder of Antonio Luna. Then Transportation
Secretary Jun Abaya, Aguinaldo's grandson, countered the film's allegations
and perceived that Luna had not been assassinated. Historian Ambeth
Ocampo, meanwhile, argued that Luna's disposition may have destroyed him
and his men. While it's hard to tell if Aguinaldo was the one who ordered
Heneral Luna to be killed, Aguinaldo isn't sure either.
In my perspective, Aguinaldo has everything to do with the death of Heneral

Luna. Luna was particularly unpopular among the Filipino troops because of
his arrogant, dictatorial manners and very little regret is felt about his passing.
Luna and Aguinaldo were unable to agree on how to execute the campaign,
and it is said that the rebel leader was terrified that he would be assassinated
by the orders of Luna. The death of General Luna is seen by the majority of
the Filipinos as an undisguised gift. After the death of Luna, Aguinaldo called
all the general Chiefs under Luna. Arrested. Aguinaldo also ordered the
disarming of two companies accused of being pro-Luna companies. For these
events, it can be conceived that there is certainly something going on with
Aguinaldo and Heneral Luna.
In Conclusion, The following incidents that occurred after the death of Heneral
Luna pointed out that Aguinaldo was motivated to kill Heneral Luna.
While Heneral Luna was killed by the men of Aguinaldo and did not engage in
the killing, there is no definitive proof that he was in the clear either because
of his intentions to take all the power and authority.

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MIDTERM

Direction: Each student is required to submit a Reaction Paper (choose 3 topics

topics for the reaction paper are the following:

1. The Site of the First Mass

2. Rizal’s Retraction Controversy

3. Luna Assassination Controversy

4. The Cavite Mutiny Controversy

5. The Cry of Balintawak Controversy.

As recounted by Pigafetta in his chronicle of Magellan's expedition to the

In my perspective, Aguinaldo has everything to do with the death of Heneral

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