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Introduction To Programming Using Python

This document provides an introduction to Python data types. It discusses the main data types in Python including integers, floats, complex numbers (Python Numbers), lists, tuples, strings, sets, and dictionaries. For each data type, it provides examples of how to define and use variables of that type, and describes their key properties such as mutability and indexing. It also demonstrates how to convert between different data types using functions like int(), float(), and str().

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tiyajain
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95 views

Introduction To Programming Using Python

This document provides an introduction to Python data types. It discusses the main data types in Python including integers, floats, complex numbers (Python Numbers), lists, tuples, strings, sets, and dictionaries. For each data type, it provides examples of how to define and use variables of that type, and describes their key properties such as mutability and indexing. It also demonstrates how to convert between different data types using functions like int(), float(), and str().

Uploaded by

tiyajain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction To Programming

using Python
Python Data Types
In this Notes, you will learn about different data types you can
use in Python.

Data types in Python


Every value in Python has a datatype. Since everything is an
object in Python programming, data types are actually classes
and variables are instance (object) of these classes.

There are various data types in Python. Some of the important


types are listed below.
Python Numbers
Integers, floating point numbers and complex numbers fall
under Python numbers category. They are defined
as int, float and complex classes in Python.
We can use the type() function to know which class a variable or
a value belongs to. Similarly, the isinstance() function is used to
check if an object belongs to a particular class.
a=5
print(a, "is of type", type(a))

a = 2.0
print(a, "is of type", type(a))

a = 1+2j
print(a, "is complex number?", isinstance(1+2j,complex))

Output
5 is of type <class 'int'>
2.0 is of type <class 'float'>
(1+2j) is complex number? True

Integers can be of any length, it is only limited by the memory


available.

A floating-point number is accurate up to 15 decimal places.


Integer and floating points are separated by decimal points. 1 is
an integer, 1.0 is a floating-point number.
Complex numbers are written in the form, x + yj, where x is the
real part and y is the imaginary part. Here are some examples.
>>> a = 1234567890123456789
>>> a
1234567890123456789
>>> b = 0.1234567890123456789
>>> b
0.12345678901234568
>>> c = 1+2j
>>> c
(1+2j)

Notice that the float variable b got truncated.

Python List
List is an ordered sequence of items. It is one of the most used
datatype in Python and is very flexible. All the items in a list do
not need to be of the same type.
Declaring a list is pretty straight forward. Items separated by
commas are enclosed within brackets [ ].
a = [1, 2.2, 'python']

We can use the slicing operator [ ] to extract an item or a range


of items from a list. The index starts from 0 in Python.
a = [5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40]

# a[2] = 15
print("a[2] = ", a[2])

# a[0:3] = [5, 10, 15]


print("a[0:3] = ", a[0:3])

# a[5:] = [30, 35, 40]


print("a[5:] = ", a[5:])

Output
a[2] = 15
a[0:3] = [5, 10, 15]
a[5:] = [30, 35, 40]

Lists are mutable, meaning, the value of elements of a list can be


altered.

a = [1, 2, 3]
a[2] = 4
print(a)

Output
[1, 2, 4]

Python Tuple
Tuple is an ordered sequence of items same as a list. The only
difference is that tuples are immutable. Tuples once created
cannot be modified.
Tuples are used to write-protect data and are usually faster than
lists as they cannot change dynamically.

It is defined within parentheses () where items are separated by


commas.
t = (5,'program', 1+3j)

We can use the slicing operator [] to extract items but we cannot


change its value.
t = (5,'program', 1+3j)
# t[1] = 'program'
print("t[1] = ", t[1])

# t[0:3] = (5, 'program', (1+3j))


print("t[0:3] = ", t[0:3])

# Generates error
# Tuples are immutable
t[0] = 10

Output
t[1] = program
t[0:3] = (5, 'program', (1+3j))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 11, in <module>
t[0] = 10
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

Python Strings
String is sequence of Unicode characters. We can use single
quotes or double quotes to represent strings. Multi-line strings
can be denoted using triple quotes, ''' or """.
s = "This is a string"
print(s)
s = '''A multiline
string'''
print(s)

Output
This is a string
A multiline
string
Just like a list and tuple, the slicing operator [ ] can be used with
strings. Strings, however, are immutable.
s = 'Hello world!'

# s[4] = 'o'
print("s[4] = ", s[4])

# s[6:11] = 'world'
print("s[6:11] = ", s[6:11])

# Generates error
# Strings are immutable in Python
s[5] ='d'

Output
s[4] = o
s[6:11] = world
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 11, in <module>
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

Python Set
Set is an unordered collection of unique items. Set is defined by
values separated by comma inside braces { }. Items in a set are
not ordered.
a = {5,2,3,1,4}

# printing set variable


print("a = ", a)
# data type of variable a
print(type(a))

Output
a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
<class 'set'>

We can perform set operations like union, intersection on two


sets. Sets have unique values. They eliminate duplicates.

a = {1,2,2,3,3,3}
print(a)

Output
{1, 2, 3}

Since, set are unordered collection, indexing has no meaning.


Hence, the slicing operator [] does not work.
>>> a = {1,2,3}
>>> a[1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 301, in runcode
File "<interactive input>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'set' object does not support indexing

Python Dictionary
Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs.
It is generally used when we have a huge amount of data.
Dictionaries are optimized for retrieving data. We must know the
key to retrieve the value.

In Python, dictionaries are defined within braces {} with each item


being a pair in the form key:value. Key and value can be of any
type.
>>> d = {1:'value','key':2}
>>> type(d)
<class 'dict'>

We use key to retrieve the respective value. But not the other way
around.

d = {1:'value','key':2}
print(type(d))

print("d[1] = ", d[1]);

print("d['key'] = ", d['key']);

# Generates error
print("d[2] = ", d[2]);

Output
<class 'dict'>
d[1] = value
d['key'] = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 9, in <module>
KeyError: 2
Conversion between data types
We can convert between different data types by using different
type conversion functions like int(), float(), str(), etc.
>>> float(5)
5.0

Conversion from float to int will truncate the value (make it closer
to zero).

>>> int(10.6)
10
>>> int(-10.6)
-10

Conversion to and from string must contain compatible values.

>>> float('2.5')
2.5
>>> str(25)
'25'
>>> int('1p')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 301, in runcode
File "<interactive input>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '1p'

We can even convert one sequence to another.

>>> set([1,2,3])
{1, 2, 3}
>>> tuple({5,6,7})
(5, 6, 7)
>>> list('hello')
['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
To convert to dictionary, each element must be a pair:

>>> dict([[1,2],[3,4]])
{1: 2, 3: 4}
>>> dict([(3,26),(4,44)])
{3: 26, 4: 44}

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