8 XII December 2020

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.32498
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue XII Dec 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

Effect of Bracing on Regular and Irregular RCC

(G+10) Frame Structure with Different Types of
Bracings under Dynamic Loading
Mohammed Zahid Rizwan1, S.M. Hashmi2
1
Student (M.Tech, Structural) K.B.N College of Engineering, Kalaburagi,
2
Professor (M.Tech, Structural) K.B.N College of Engineering, Kalaburagi,

Abstract: For buildings the most efficient structural system under high lateral loads from seismic loading and wind loading the
braced frames is known to be most efficient. The resistance provided by the steel braced frame under earthquake loads in a
multistoried building found to be one of the most efficient structural system . The retrofitting of many of the existing reinforced
concrete buildings has to be done to overcome the deficiencies to resist loads under earthquake. This type of system helps in
reducing the bending moment and shear forces in the column. The transfer of lateral load to the foundation is done through
axial action. After the application of bracings to a existing structure, there is no significant change in the total weight of the
building. Steel bracings has some advantages, it is economical, required less space ,can be erected easily and has the flexibility to
design for meeting the required strength and stiffness.
The lateral stiffness, strength capacity and also the displacement capacity of the structure improves by using the bracing system.
A building with ten story is analyzed for seismic zone V with the consideration of IS 1893-2002 using ETABS Software. In this
study modelling and analysis of building is carried out and comparison between the regular and vertical irregular building with
and without bracing and with different types of bracings is done by Equivalent static method and Response spectrum analysis.
The comparison of outcomes are carried out with respect to displacement , story drift and base shear for regular and irregular
structure.
Keywords: Bracings, story displacement, Response spectrum method ,Equivalent static method ,ETABS ,Story drift, Base shear.

I. INTRODUCTION
A. General
The shortage of land and the population growth is the reason to construct the buildings higher and higher but the problem in High
rise buildings is that at great heights they are unable to resist the lateral loads due to winds and specially due to earthquakes. An
earthquake in general term is shaking of the earth due to the movements in the crust below the earth surface and results in loss of life
and property damage and many other serious issues .So it becomes necessary to increase the seismic performance of the building by
suitable designing and one of the most efficient and economical method is the steel bracing system. The use of steel bracing has a
huge advantage that is possesses high strength ,cost effective ,high stiffness and required less space and add less weight to the
existing structure.

B. Seismic Zones
These are the regions where the probability of occurrence of the earthquake are more. Based on the risk of having earthquake these
regions are differentiated in 4 seismic zone the risk of earthquake increases from zone II to zone V.For the purpose of designing the
earthquake resistance structure the IS code 1893 has provided with seismic zone factors for all thezones .

C. Regular and Irregular Structures

The difference between the regular and irregular structure is, in the former there is simple regular geometry in the structure and
uniformly distributed mass and stiffness in plan and in elevation ,there is continuity in the geometry from base to the top of the
structure. Every floor of the structure resembles the same . In irregular structures the discontinuity occurs in geometry of the
structure and are irregular in shape. Setbacks are provided to the structure and also the mass and stiffness differ. The models for
both is given below.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue XII Dec 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

Figure 1 Regular building Figure 2 Irregular building

D. Frame Structure
It is an assembly of slabs,beams columns and foundation connected to one another so it act as one unit. In RCC frame structure the
load is transferred from a slab to the beams then to the columns and further to the lower columns and finally to the foundation which
in turn transfer it to the soil.The walls in such structure are constructed after the frame is ready and they are not meant to carry any
load.

E. Braced Structure
The beams and columns in a braced frame are generally arranged in an orthogonal pattern in both,the elevation and on the plan to
provide resistance to the horizontal force acting.The structural members are joined using a pinned connection which does not
transfer moments. Here beams and columns are analysed under vertical loads only,assuming that the bracing system supportsall
lateral load ,the main function of the bracings is that to resist the wind and earthquake loads.

F. Story Displacement
It isthe displacement of the storey with respect to base of the structure. It is one of the important factor considered in the design of
earthquake resistant structure .The value of story displacement should be minimum when seen from safety point of view. From the
analysis by E-tabs the values of ESM are higher than the values of RSM analysis for the different models.

G. Story Drift
Story drift also known as inter storey drift .It is defined as the lateral displacement of one story with respect consecutive story below
or above.It is the absolute value of displacement of the storey under the action of lateral forces.

H. Base Shear
Base shear is the maximum lateral force that will occur due to the seismic ground motion at the base of the structure.The base shear
for all the models are tabulated below and the model with cross bracing has the highest base shear among all the models.

Figure 3: Inverted V bracing Figure 4: Showing bracing as retrofit solution

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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II. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

A. Objectives
1) To carryout analysis of the G+10 storey building with different types of bracings by creating a 3D model using E-tabs software.
2) To carryout seismic analysis for building models as per codes.
3) To get familiar with the various features of the software E-tabs used in seismic analysis and design of the structure.
4) To analyse the building for earthquake resistance by application of various types of bracing systems.
5) To compare the displacement,story drift and base shear for different system of bracings.
6) To know the efficient and a suitable system of bracing to resist seismic loading.

B. Scope Of The Study

To create and analyse models of a G+10 regular and irregular RCC frame structure with bracings and without bracings and also
with various types of bracing system. The seismic performance is analysed by the ESM and RSM method’

III. METHODOLOGY
3D modelling and Analysis of G+10 RCC multi-story building with different types of bracings is done using ETABS. In this study
RCC framed building having an area of 25m X 20m and height 30m with all supports are fixed. In this study, twelve models of RCC
frame structure having G+10 floors with different bracing types for both regular and irregular structures, were selected in order to
determine the behaviour of building during seismic activity in seismic zone V. The analysis is carried out by applying loads as per
required IS code requirement

A. Methods Of Seismic Analysis

1) Equivalent static method
2) Response spectrum method

B. Equivalent Static Method

It is a simple method in which for the purpose of analysis the dynamic loading impact of the earthquake is replaced by a static force
laterally transmitted on the structure.In the ESM method the total applied force is evaluated in two horizontal directions to the main
axis of the building.

C. Response Spectrum Analysis

In the RSM method, for different frequencies the mode shapes and modal mass of the structure is taken into consideration as it is a
dynamic analysis.Every building has its own frequencies of vibrations and at the time of earthquake different natural frequencies are
cumulated for response.

IV. ANALYTICAL MODEL

A. General Description Of Models

Sl. No. Regular Building Bracings Irregular Building Bracings

1 Bare frame Bare frame

2 X type X type

3 V type V type

4 Inverted V type Inverted type

5 Eccentric forward Eccentric forward

6 Eccentric backward Eccentric backward

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Plan dimension 25x20m

Type of structure Braced frame

Number of floor G+10

Column size 230x600

Beam size 230x450

Slab thickness 150mm

Grade of concrete M25

Grade of steel Fe500

Seismic zone Zone V

Zone factor 0.36

importance factor 1

response reduction factor 5

Structure height 30m

Soil condition Medium

Damping ratio 5%

floor Finish 1.0 KN/m2

Imposed load 4.0 KN/m2

Density of steel 78.50 KN/m3

Bracing ISMB250

Floor tallness 3m

B. Images of Different Models

Figure 5:- Elevation Regular building Figure 6:- Elevation Irregular building

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V. REGULAR FRAME STRUCTURE MODELS

Figure 7 : Bare Frame Figure 8 : X Bracing

Figure 9 : V Bracing Frame Figure 10 : Inverted V Bracing

Figure 11 : Eccentric Forward Bracing Figure 12 : Eccentric Backward Bracing

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ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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VI. IRREGULAR FRAME STRUCTURE MODELS

Figure 13 : Bare Frame Figure 14 : X Bracing

Figure 15 : V Bracing Frame Figure 16 : Inverted V Bracing

Figure 17 : Eccentric Forward Bracing Figure 18 : Eccentric Backward Bracing

VII. RESULTS AND DICUSSION

The seismic analysis is done for all the models of the regular and the irregular buildings with different bracing systems and also the
bareframe by the ESM and RSM method. The various factors such as storey displacement ,storey drift and the base shear are found
out and compared. The results shows the cross bracing system is most efficient among all models.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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VIII. RESULTS FOR REGULAR STRUCTURE:-

A. Story Displacement

Story displacement ESM RSM

Models UX UY UX UY
Bare Frame 67.155 95.531 65.217 85.629
X Bracing 24.416 31.147 22.225 27.475
V Bracing 26.613 30.451 23.643 29.366
Inverted V 25.843 32.695 23.395 28.878
Eccentric Forward 29.784 37.287 26.171 32.225
Eccentric Backward 34.405 45.846 33.599 37.77

Story dispalcement
120

100

80
Displacement

60

40

20

0
Bare Frame X Bracing ESM ESM
V Bracing RSM V
Inverted RSM Forward
Eccentric Eccentric
Backward

From the analysis result it is observed that, displacement is less in braced frame structure compared to unbraced structure from both
the methods. In Equivalent Static Method the X Bracing is having least displacement of 24.416mm & 31.147mm in x & y directions.
In Response Spectrum Method the X Bracings is having least displacement of 22.225mm and 27.475mm in x & y directions

B. Story Drift

Story Drift ESM RSM

Models UX UY UX UY
Bare Frame 0.000788 0.001007 0.000784 0.001021
X Bracing 0.000395 0.000392 0.000296 0.000264
V Bracing 0.000424 0.000436 0.000328 0.000315
Inverted V 0.000479 0.000474 0.000522 0.000428
Eccentric Forward 0.000444 0.000475 0.000343 0.000349
Eccentric Backward 0.000549 0.000515 0.000437 0.000349

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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Story Drift
0.0012
Displacement in mm 0.001
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0
Bare Frame X Bracing V Bracing Inverted V Eccentric Eccentric
Forward Backward

ESM UX ESM UY RSM UX RSM UY

From the analysis result it is observed that, the story drift of braced structure is less than that of unbraced structure. From the
analysis result it is found that x bracing have least amount of story drift in both directions. In ESM the story drift value for X
bracing in x & y direction is 0.000395 and 0.000392. In RSM the story drift value for X bracing in x & y direction is 0.000296 &
0.00026

C. Base Shear
TABLE 5.3
Base Shear ESM RSM
Models UX UY UX UY
Bare Frame 1827 1138 1824 1132
X Bracing 4388 2977 4362 2959
V Bracing 4023 2816 4020 2814
Inverted V 4136 2871 4134 2869
Eccentric Forward 3569 2586 3568 2585
Eccentric Backward 3315 2567 3314 2565

From the analysis result it is observed that, Base shear of structure with bracings is more than base shear of unbraced structure. In
this base shear of X bracing is more than that of other bracing system. The value of base shear for X bracing in X and Y direction
are 4388and 2977 KN respectively.

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ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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IX. RESULTS OF IRREGULAR STRUCTURE

A. Story Displacement

Story displacement ESM RSM

Models UX UY UX UY
Bare Frame 76.401 120.688 76.68 103.706
X Bracing 29.788 34.264 24.855 29.038
V Bracing 32.448 37.082 26.883 31.284
Inverted V 31.641 36.165 26.321 30.574
Eccentric Forward 35.966 41.402 30.096 34.872
Eccentric Backward 37.905 43.112 31.703 37.77

Story dispalcement
140
120
Displacement

100
80
60
40
20
0
Bare Frame X Bracing V Bracing Inverted V Eccentric Eccentric
Forward Backward

ESM UX ESM UY RSM UX RSM UY

From the analysis result it is observed that, displacement is less in braced frame structure compared to unbraced structure from both
the methods. In Equivalent Static Method the X Bracing is having least displacement of 29.788mm & 34.264mm in x & y directions.
In Response Spectrum Method the X Bracings is having least displacement of 24.855mm and 29.038mm in x & y directions.

B. Story Drift

Story Drift ESM RSM

Models UX UY UX UY

Bare Frame 0.001163 0.001329 0.001235 0.001358

X Bracing 0.000625 0.000355 0.000471 0.000223

V Bracing 0.000665 0.000393 0.000512 0.000256

Inverted V 0.000737 0.000606 0.000679 0.000503

Eccentric Forward 0.00067 0.000409 0.000533 0.00028

Eccentric Backward 0.000747 0.000453 0.000609 0.000311

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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Story Drift
0.0016
0.0014

Displacement in mm
0.0012
0.001
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0
Bare Frame X Bracing V Bracing Inverted V Eccentric Eccentric
Forward Backward

ESM UX ESM UY RSM UX RSM UY

From the analysis result it is observed that, the story drift of braced structure is less than that of unbraced structure. From the
analysis result it is found that x bracing have least amount of story drift in both directions. In Equivalent Static Method the story
drift value for X bracing in x & y direction is 0.000625 and 0.000355. In Response Spectrum Method the story drift value for X
bracing in x & y direction is 0.000471 & 0.000223.

C. Base Shear
TABLE 6.3
Base Shear ESM RSM
Models UX UY UX UY
Bare Frame 1888 1199 1887 1198
X Bracing 4760 3234 4757 3233
V Bracing 4371 3070 4370 3069
Inverted V 4486 3122 4483 3121
Eccentric Forward 3897 2834 3894 2833
Eccentric Backward 3844 2802 3842 2801

From the analysis result it is observed that, Base shear of structure with bracings is more than base shear of unbraced structure. In
this base shear of X bracing is more than that of other bracing system. The value of base shear for X bracing in X and Y direction
are 4760 and 3234 KN respectively

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X. CONCLUSION
The above project is an approach to understand and study the behaviour of the frame structure with the application of various system
of bracings.Conclusion are made on the basis of entire analysis and result is listed as follows.

A. Buildings with steel bracings shows efficient performance in high seismic zone.
B. In RCC frame building, the displacement and story drift decreases for different types of bracing system used compared to RCC
frame building without bracings and the base shear increases for different types of bracings system used compared to unbraced
frame structures.
C. In regular and irregular RCC frame structure, X- bracing gives less displacement and story drift and base shear is increased.
D. The performance of X-bracing or Cross bracing gives better results compared to other bracing system.
E. From the result the regular RCC frame is having more stiffness compared to vertical irregular RCC frame structure.
F. Additional strength is provided for existing structure by the application of steel bracing.

XI. SCOPE OF FURTHER STUDIES

A. Further studies can be carried out by adopting Shear walls and bracings positions at different locations.
B. Dynamic loadings can be varied by using Wind Loads and one can study the behavior of structure.
C. Models can be analysed by designing the building with mass and stiffness irregularities.

REFERENCES
[1] Nitin Bhojkar1, Mahesh Bagade March 2015 “Seismic Evaluation of High-rise Structure by Using Steel Bracing System”.
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pp 485-489, May 2015
[3] Krishnaraj R. Chavan et al., “The Seismic Response of RC Building with Different Arrangement of Steel Bracing Systems. International Journal of Science and
Research, Volume 3 Issue 2, pp 39-43, 2014
[4] SachinDhiman, Mohammed Nauman, Nazrul Islam, “Behaviour of Multistory Steel Structure with Different Types of Bracing Systems”, International Refereed
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[5] Viswanath K.G, Prakash K.B, Anant Desai) “Seismic Analysis of Steel Braced Reinforced Concrete Frames’’.
[6] Adithya. M, Swathi rani K.S, Shruthi H K, Dr. Ramesh B.R, “Study On Effective Bracing Systems for High Rise Steel Structures”, International Journal of
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[7] Anitha, Divya, “Seismic Effect of Different Types of Steel Bracings”, IJSR, pp 49-53, 2015
[8] Vani Prasad et al. “Effectiveness of Inclusion of Steel Bracing in Existing RC Framed Structure.” , IJSR, 2014
[9] LinuShaji, SreedeviLekshmi, “Seismic and Structural Behavior of Building with Different Combination of Bracing”, IJSR, Volume 5 Issue 7, pp 1107-1112,
July 2016

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