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Structural Analysis I Lecture Notes (Chapter 8 - Influence Lines)

Chapter · January 1996

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'2. -J
 149 Beam Support Reactions

d
11
i­
-\
.c
.e

s
r
s

Figure 6.1 Movable crane

girder showing motor-driven
lifting hoist. Photo taken by
author.

6.4b is a general FBD from which it is evident, by use of statics, that R L =

1 kip(L - x )/L and RR = 1 kip(xjL); that is, each reaction varies linearly
due to the unit moving load. Therefore, all reaction values shown on Fig.
6.4a are joined by a straight line . Since Fig. 6.4a shows how the position of
the unit load" influences" the value of the left reaction, Fig. 6.4a is called
the influence line for the left reaction of the beam. In a similar manner, the
influence line for the right reaction (RR) can easily be determined with ordi­
nate values as shown in Fig. 6.4c. The positive sense shown on the influence
line of Fig. 6.4c indicates that the direction of RR is upward . Since these
reactions are the shears at the beam support ends, the influence lines of
Figs. 6.4a and 6.4c are influence lines for shear. One can now continue to
study influence lines for shear at interior beam locations.

./ ~....
Figure 6.2

Weld A Weld B

f - - - - 4 0 f t - - - - I - - - 3 0 ft - - - 1 - - - 3 0 fl - - --I
f-----------100 ft------------I
 76 Plane Trusses

Top chord
Sway bracing

Portal
bracing

Portal
end post

Deck

Floor beam

Floor bracing

Figure 3.14
3.4. SIGN CONVENTION

Assume all truss members act in tension (T). Therefore, when a member
force is calculated to be of positive sign, it means that the original tension
direction is correct; if negative, the member acts in compression (C).

3.5. TRUSS NOTATIONS

/
I
Two commonly used methods of notation are mentioned. First, in modeling f
\
trusses for computer solutions, it is customary to define truss joints (nodes) \
-,
by integer values starting with 1. For classical hand calculation methods,
upper chord joints are noted by Un and lower chord joints by L n, where n
represents a joint number starting with O. Figure 3.15a demonstrates the
later notation where it is observed that upper chord members are defined as
U n U; + 1 and lower chord Jpembers as L, L; + 1 ; vertical members are noted
•E

as UnL n (e.g., U 3L 3 ), and diagonal members as either U nLn+ 1 or L nU n+ 1

(e.g., U 1 L 2 or L 2 U 3 )' Figure 3.15b contains no vertical members and shows
De
that joint numbers at both upper and lower chords progress by n + 2. It is tru
also common to specify truss joints by letter notation (see Fig. 3.17). of j

Figure 3.15

(b )

LI
 6;6. BRIDGE DECK AND BUILDING FLOOR SYSTEMS

In addition to studying isolated beams, it must be realized that live loads

typically are applied to systems of beams and girders that comprise either
bridge dec ks or building floo r systems. In order to facilitate the tas k of
developing the influence lines for these floor members, it is appropriate to
first study how the moving loads are transferred and supported in each
system .
Figures 6.17a and b show a simple arrangement typicall y found in bridge
decks that is comprised of a deck slab, stringers, floor beams, and girders.

Figure 6 .17

Vehicle

Floor beam

(a) (b)

Sl a b = 1
- f
___"* """* -;:!::~--~~--=_
I
II i s(dO
,,, Floor
~~~~er . I CD (]) 6 beam
% %

~------- 5 @ 5 ft = 25 ft - - - - - - - %

R."

.• •• • H

tI'

(c )

Deck girder

(d)

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