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    Statistic & Probability Reading & Writing Pananaliksik: Emmy Noether

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    Jessalyn Dane
    Emmy Noether was a pioneering German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics in the early 20th century. She developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras, and her theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws in physics. Noether faced discrimination as a woman in academia but became a leading mathematician at the University of Göttingen until she was forced to flee Nazi Germany in 1933. Her mathematical work established theories with wide-ranging applications and changed the field of abstract algebra.

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    Statistic & Probability Reading & Writing Pananaliksik: Emmy Noether

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    Jessalyn Dane
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    Emmy Noether was a pioneering German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics in the early 20th century. She developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras, and her theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws in physics. Noether faced discrimination as a woman in academia but became a leading mathematician at the University of Göttingen until she was forced to flee Nazi Germany in 1933. Her mathematical work established theories with wide-ranging applications and changed the field of abstract algebra.

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    Emmy Noether was a pioneering German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics in the early 20th century. She developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras, and her theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws in physics. Noether faced discrimination as a woman in academia but became a leading mathematician at the University of Göttingen until she was forced to flee Nazi Germany in 1933. Her mathematical work established theories with wide-ranging applications and changed the field of abstract algebra.

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    8 views2 pages

    Statistic & Probability Reading & Writing Pananaliksik: Emmy Noether

    Uploaded by

    Jessalyn Dane
    Emmy Noether was a pioneering German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics in the early 20th century. She developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras, and her theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws in physics. Noether faced discrimination as a woman in academia but became a leading mathematician at the University of Göttingen until she was forced to flee Nazi Germany in 1933. Her mathematical work established theories with wide-ranging applications and changed the field of abstract algebra.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Statistic

    & Probability
    Reading
    & Writing
    Pananaliksik
    Crislyn Shiela D. Nozaleda 11-Humss A
    Crislyn Shiela D. Nozaleda 11-Humss A
    Crislyn Sheila D. Nozaleda 11-Humss A
    Crislyn Shiela D. Nozaleda 11-Humss A

    Emmy Noether
    Amalie Emmy Noether[a] (German: [ˈnøːtɐ]; 23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was
    a German mathematician who made important contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical
    physics.[1] She invariably used the name "Emmy Noether" in her life and publications.[a] She was
    described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl and Norbert
    Wiener as the most important woman in the history of mathematics.[2][3] As one of the leading
    mathematicians of her time, she developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras. In
    physics, Noether's theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws.
    [4]

    Noether was born to a Jewish family in the Franconian town of Erlangen; her father was a
    mathematician, Max Noether. She originally planned to teach French and English after passing
    the required examinations, but instead studied mathematics at the University of Erlangen, where
    her father lectured. After completing her dissertation in 1907 under the supervision of Paul
    Gordan, she worked at the Mathematical Institute of Erlangen without pay for seven years. At
    the time, women were largely excluded from academic positions. In 1915, she was invited
    by David Hilbert and Felix Klein to join the mathematics department at the University of
    Göttingen, a world-renowned center of mathematical research. The philosophical faculty
    objected, however, and she spent four years lecturing under Hilbert's name. Her habilitation was
    approved in 1919, allowing her to obtain the rank of Privatdozent.
    Noether remained a leading member of the Göttingen mathematics department until 1933; her
    students were sometimes called the "Noether boys". In 1924, Dutch mathematician B. L. van
    der Waerden joined her circle and soon became the leading expositor of Noether's ideas; her
    work was the foundation for the second volume of his influential 1931 textbook, Moderne
    Algebra. By the time of her plenary address at the 1932 International Congress of
    Mathematicians in Zürich, her algebraic acumen was recognized around the world. The
    following year, Germany's Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and
    Noether moved to the United States to take up a position at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania.
    In 1935 she underwent surgery for an ovarian cyst and, despite signs of a recovery, died four
    days later at the age of 53.
    Noether's mathematical work has been divided into three "epochs".[5] In the first (1908–1919),
    she made contributions to the theories of algebraic invariants and number fields. Her work on
    differential invariants in the calculus of variations, Noether's theorem, has been called "one of
    the most important mathematical theorems ever proved in guiding the development of modern
    physics".[6] In the second epoch (1920–1926), she began work that "changed the face of
    [abstract] algebra".[7] In her classic 1921 paper Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen (Theory of Ideals
    in Ring Domains) Noether developed the theory of ideals in commutative rings into a tool with
    wide-ranging applications. She made elegant use of the ascending chain condition, and objects
    satisfying it are named Noetherian in her honor. In the third epoch (1927–1935), she published
    works on noncommutative algebras and hypercomplex numbers and united the representation
    theory of groups with the theory of modules and ideals. In addition to her own publications,
    Noether was generous with her ideas and is credited with several lines of research published by
    other mathematicians, even in fields far removed from her main work, such as algebraic
    topology.

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