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Module4 - (2) Conservation of Energy (Work, Work Flow & Heat)

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Given: ΔU = -17.25 kJ, V1 = 140 L, V2 = 55 L, P = 1125.09 TORR 2) Use the ideal gas law: PV=nRT 3) For a constant pressure process: W = -PΔV 4) First law: Q = ΔU + W 5) Substitute the given values and convert units to obtain the heat transferred. The heat transferred is Q = -17.25 kJ + (1125.09 TORR)×(140-55)L = -17.25 kJ + 17.25 kJ = 0 kJ

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John Dalton Valencia
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51 views13 pages

Module4 - (2) Conservation of Energy (Work, Work Flow & Heat)

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Given: ΔU = -17.25 kJ, V1 = 140 L, V2 = 55 L, P = 1125.09 TORR 2) Use the ideal gas law: PV=nRT 3) For a constant pressure process: W = -PΔV 4) First law: Q = ΔU + W 5) Substitute the given values and convert units to obtain the heat transferred. The heat transferred is Q = -17.25 kJ + (1125.09 TORR)×(140-55)L = -17.25 kJ + 17.25 kJ = 0 kJ

Uploaded by

John Dalton Valencia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Thermodynamics 1

By: Engr. Lester Alfred M. Olasiman


Work
The work of a force may be Linear work is the product of a
defined as the displacement of a constant force along its line of
body (considered as a particle) action. Mathematically
multiplied by the component of
the force in the direction of the 𝟐
displacement. 𝑾 = න 𝑷𝒅𝒗
𝟏
Like kinetic energy, work may be
linear or rotational.
Heat
Heat is a form of energy that occurs Sensible Heat - if the heat flow does
only as a flow (or transfer) of energy cause change in temperature without
as a result of temperature difference. a change in phase
This transfer of energy occurs by 𝑸 = 𝒎𝐂𝚫𝐓
conduction, by convection and by
radiation.
Latent Heat - no temperature change
involved during a phase change so
“The direction of heat flow in a the equation for latent heat does not
substance or across a single boundary include temperature term.
of a system is always from the higher 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒉𝒇
to the lower temperature”
Mode of Heat Transfer
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
Work and Heat
Heat
+Q : heat is added to the system
(endothermic)

-Q : heat is rejected by the system


(exothermic) Heat
E +Q

+W : work is done by the system -W


Work
(work exits the system)

-W : work is done to the system


(work enters the system) -Q
Work Flow
This is the work by the fluid to Thus there is a flow-work term
overcome the normal stress, that entering and leaving the system
is, pressure, at the boundary. boundary.

The energy transmitted across the 𝑾𝒇 = 𝑷𝒗


system boundary as a result of a
pumping process occurring
outside the system, causing the
fluid to enter the system.
Enthalpy
The sum of two energy properties
u and Pv is called enthalpy.

𝒉 = 𝒖 + 𝑷𝒗
Problem 1
In a cyclic process, heat transfers
are + 14.7 kJ, – 25.2 kJ, – 3.56 kJ
and + 31.5 kJ. What is the net
work for this cyclic process?
Problem 2
During one cycle the working fluid in
an engine engages in two work
interactions:
15 kJ to the fluid and 44 kJ from the
fluid, and
three heat interactions, two of which
are known:
75 kJ to the fluid and 40 kJ from the
fluid.
Evaluate the magnitude and direction
of the third heat transfer.
Conversion of energy(OPEN)

𝑃𝐸2
𝐾𝐸2
𝑣ƴ 2 2 𝑈2
𝑚ƴ 2
𝑣ҧ 2 𝑊𝑓2
𝐸1 = 𝐸2
𝑄
𝑃𝐸1
𝛥𝑃𝐸 = 𝑃𝐸2 − 𝑃𝐸1
𝐾𝐸1
𝑣ƴ 1 𝑊 𝛥𝐾𝐸 = 𝐾𝐸2 − 𝐾𝐸1
𝑈1 1 𝑚ƴ 1 ℎ2
𝛥U = 𝑈2 − 𝑈1
𝑣ҧ1 𝛥𝑊𝑓 = 𝑊𝑓2 − 𝑊𝑓1
𝑊𝑓1
ℎ1 𝑄 = 𝛥𝑃𝐸 + 𝛥𝐾𝐸 + 𝛥U + 𝛥𝑊𝑓 + 𝑊

Final Energy – Initial Energy = Energy added to the system


𝐸2 − 𝐸1 = 𝑄 ± 𝑊
Corollary of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics
• The first corollary of the first law • The second corollary of the first
of thermodynamics is the law of thermodynamics is the
application of the conservation application of the conservation
of energy to a closed system. of energy to the open system.

𝑄 = 𝛥𝑃𝐸 + 𝛥𝐾𝐸 + 𝛥𝑈 + 𝑊𝑁𝐹 𝑄 = 𝛥𝑃𝐸 + 𝛥𝐾𝐸 + 𝛥𝐻 + 𝑊𝑆𝐹


𝛥𝐻 = 𝛥𝑈 + 𝛥𝑊𝑓
Final Energy –Initial Energy = Energy added to the system
𝐸2 − 𝐸1 = 𝑄 ± 𝑊
Problem 4
A thermodynamic steady flow system receives 4.56 Kg per min of fluid where p1 =
m3 m kJ
137.90kPa, v1 = 0.0388 , vത1 = 122 , and u1 = 17.16 . The fluid leaves the
kg s kg
m3 m
system at a boundary where p2 = 551.6kPa, v2 = 0.193 , vത 2 = 183
, and u2 =
kg s
kJ J
52.80 . During passage through the system the fluid receives 3000 of heat.
kg s
Determine the work.
Problem 5
A close system containing a gas undergoes a reversible process of
compression in which the decrease in internal energy is 17.25 KJ and the
volume changes from 140L to 55L. The pressure is constant at 1125.09
TORR. Determine the heat transferred in BTU.

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