Solution: AP Chemistry Test Booklet

AP Chemistry Test Booklet
Exam Name
1. Solution
Of the three solutions listed in the table above, which one, if any, has the greatest electrical conductivity and
why?
A because its molecules have the most atoms.
B because completely dissociates in water to produce ions.
C because its molecules can form hydrogen bonds.
D All three solutions have the same electrical conductivity because the concentrations are the same.
2. A 2 L container will hold about 4 g of which of the following gases at 0°C and 1 atm?
A SO2
B N2
C CO2
D C4H8
E NH3
Which statement best helps to explain the observation that boils at , whereas boils at
3.
?
Copyright © 2020. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program. Use or distribution of these materials online or in print beyond your
school’s participation in the program is prohibited.
Page 1 of 14
Exam
A The dispersion forces in are weaker than the dispersion forces in .
B The dispersion forces in are stronger than the dipole-dipole forces in .
C has hydrogen bonding that is stronger than the dipole-dipole forces in .
D has hydrogen bonding that is weaker than the dipole-dipole forces in .
4. At 298 K and 1 atm, Br2 is a liquid with a high vapor pressure, and Cl2 is a gas. Those observations provide
evidence that under the given conditions, the
A forces among Br2 molecules are stronger than those among Cl2 molecules
B forces among Cl2 molecules are stronger than the Cl−Cl bond
C Br−Br bond is stronger than the Cl−Cl bond
D Cl−Cl bond is stronger than the Br−Br bond
Page 2 of 14
Exam
5.
Solid carbon tetrachloride, , is represented by the diagram above. The attractions between the
molecules that hold the molecules together in the solid state are best identified as
A polar covalent bonds
B nonpolar covalent bonds
C intermolecular attractions resulting from temporary dipoles
D intermolecular attractions resulting from permanent dipoles
Page 3 of 14
Exam
6.
The diagram above shows molecules of Br2 and I2 drawn to the same scale. Which of the following is the
best explanation for the difference in the boiling points of liquid Br2 and I2, which are 59oC and 184oC,
respectively?
A Solid iodine is a network covalent solid, whereas solid bromine is a molecular solid.
B The covalent bonds in I2 molecules are weaker than those in Br2 molecules.
I2 molecules have electron clouds that are more polarizable than those of Br 2 molecules, thus London
C
dispersion forces are stronger in liquid I2.
Bromine has a greater electronegativity than iodine, thus there are stronger dipole-dipole forces in liquid
D
bromine than in liquid iodine.
Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered statements immediately following it. Select
the one lettered choice that best fits each statement. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in
each set.
(A) A network solid with covalent bonding

(B) A molecular solid with zero dipole moment
(C) A molecular solid with hydrogen bonding
(D) An ionic solid
(E) A metallic solid
Page 4 of 14
Exam
7. Solid ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH
A A network solid with covalent bonding
B A molecular solid with zero dipole moment
C A molecular solid with hydrogen bonding
D An ionic solid
E A metallic solid
8. Of the following, the best explanation for the fact that most gases are easily compressed is that the
molecules in a gas
A are in constant motion
B are relatively far apart
C have relatively small masses
D have a real, nonzero volume
E move slower as temperature decreases
Page 5 of 14
Exam
9.
Based on the data in the table above, which of the following liquid substances has the weakest
intermolecular forces?
A C6H6(l)
B C2H5OH(l)
C CH3OH(l)
D C2H6O2(l)
10. Substance Normal boiling point
The electron cloud of is smaller than that of , however, has a much higher boiling point than
has. Which of the following explains how the dispersion-force model of intermolecular attraction does not
account for the unusually high boiling point of ?
Page 6 of 14
Exam
A is soluble in water, whereas is insoluble in water.
B The molecule has a greater mass than the molecule has.
Liquid has weak dispersion force attractions between its molecules, whereas liquid has strong ionic
C
interactions between and ions.
Liquid has weak dispersion force attractions between its molecules, whereas liquid has both weak
D
dispersion force attractions and hydrogen bonding interactions between its molecules.
11. On the basis of strength of intermolecular forces, which of the following elements would be expected to
have the highest melting point?
A Br2
B Cl2
C F2
D Kr
E N2
12. Which of the following best helps to explain why CCl4 is a liquid whereas CI4 is a solid when both are at
25°C?
Page 7 of 14
Exam
The dipole moment of the CCl 4 molecule is larger than that of the CI 4 molecule because Cl is more
A
electronegative than I.
The dipole moment of the CI4 molecule is larger than that of the CCl4 molecule because there is stronger
B repulsion between electrons in the C-I bonds compared to the repulsion between electrons in the C- Cl
bonds.
C The London dispersion forces are stronger in CCl4 than in CI4 because Cl is more electronegative than I.
The London dispersion forces are stronger in CI4 than in CCl4 because CI4 has a more polarizable electron
D
cloud than CCl4
Page 8 of 14
Exam
13.
The ionic compounds and are represented by the diagrams above. Which statement correctly identifies diagram
1 and identifies the compound with the lower melting point, explaining why?
Page 9 of 14
Exam
Diagram 1 represents ; it has a lower melting point than has because the coulombic attractions
A between the singly charged ions and the ions in are stronger than those between the ions in
.
Diagram 1 represents ; it has a lower melting point than because the coulombic attractions
B
between its singly charged ions and the ions are weaker than those between the ions in .
C
between its doubly charged ions and the ions are stronger than those between the ions in .
D
between the doubly charged ions and the ions are weaker than those between the ions in .
14. The boiling points of the elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon increase in that order. Which of
the following statements accounts for this increase?
A The London (dispersion) forces increase.
B The hydrogen bonding increases.
C The dipole-dipole forces increase.
D The chemical reactivity increases.
E The number of nearest neighbors increases.
Page 10 of 14
Exam
15.
Based on the data in the table above, which of the following correctly predicts the relative strength of the
attraction of Zn2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+ ions to water molecules in a solution, from strongest to weakest, and
provides the correct reason?
A 2+ 2+ 2+
Zn > Ca > Ba because the smaller ions have a stronger coulombic attraction to water
B 2+ 2+ 2+
Zn > Ca > Ba because the smaller ions are more electronegative
C 2+ 2+ 2+
Ba > Ca > Zn because the larger ions are more polarizable
D Ba2+ > Ca2+ > Zn2+ because the larger ions are less electronegative
How many grams of (molar mass ) are needed to prepare of

16.
ions?
17. The best explanation for the fact that diamond is extremely hard is that diamond crystals
Page 11 of 14
Exam
A are made up of atoms that are intrinsically hard because of their electronic structures
B consist of positive and negative ions that are strongly attracted to each other
C are giant molecules in which each atom forms strong covalent bonds with all of its neighboring atoms
D are formed under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure
contain orbitals or bands of delocalized electrons that belong not to single atoms but to each crystal as a
E
whole
18. Sodium chloride is LEAST soluble in which of the following liquids?
A H2 O
B CCl4
C HF
D CH3OH
E CH3COOH
Page 12 of 14
Exam
19.
Three substances were studied in the laboratory, and the data in the table above were collected. Based on the
data, which of the following shows the type of bonding in each substance?
Substance X Substance Y Substance Z

A
Network covalent Ionic Metallic

B
Ionic Molecular Network covalent

C
Molecular Network covalent Metallic

D
Network covalent Metallic Ionic
20. In which of the following processes are covalent bonds broken?
A I2(s) → I2(g)
B CO2(s) → CO2(g)
C NaCl(s) → NaCl(l)
D C(diamond) → C(g)
E Fe(s) → Fe(l)
21. Answer each of the following in terms of principles of molecular behavior and chemical concepts.
Page 13 of 14
Exam
a. The structures for glucose, C6H12O6 , and cyclohexane, C6H12 , are shown below. Identify the
type(s) of intermolecular attractive forces in
i. pure glucose
ii. pure cyclohexane
b. Glucose is soluble in water but cyclohexane is not soluble in water. Explain.
c. Consider the two processes represented below. Process 1: H2O(l) → H2O(g) ∆H° = +44.0 kJ
mol−1 Process 2: H2O(l) → H2(g) + ½ O2(g) ∆H° = +286 kJ mol−1
i. For each of the two processes, identify the type(s) of intermolecular or intramolecular
attractive forces that must be overcome for the process to occur.
ii. Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the statement in the box below. Support your
answer with a short explanation.
When water boils, H2O molecules break apart to
form hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules.
d. Consider the four reaction-energy profile diagrams shown below.

i. Identify the two diagrams that could represent a catalyzed and an uncatalyzed reaction
pathway for the same reaction. Indicate which of the two diagrams represents the
catalyzed reaction pathway for the reaction.
ii. Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the statement in the box below. Support your
answer with a short explanation.
Adding a catalyst to a reaction mixture adds energy
that causes the reaction to proceed more quickly.
Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.
22. Use the principles of atomic structure and/or chemical bonding to explain each of the following. In each
part, your answers must include references to both substances.
a. The atomic radius of Li is larger than that of Be.

b. The second ionization energy of K is greater than the second ionization energy of Ca.
c. The carbon-to-carbon bond energy in C2H4 is greater than it is in C2H6.
d. The boiling point of Cl2 is lower than the boiling point of Br2.
Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.
Copyright © 2020. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program. Use or distribution of these materials online or in print beyond your school’s participation in
the program is prohibited.
Page 14 of 14

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AP Chemistry Test Booklet

A because its molecules have the most atoms.

B because completely dissociates in water to produce ions.

C because its molecules can form hydrogen bonds.

A The dispersion forces in are weaker than the dispersion forces in .

B The dispersion forces in are stronger than the dipole-dipole forces in .

C has hydrogen bonding that is stronger than the dipole-dipole forces in .

D has hydrogen bonding that is weaker than the dipole-dipole forces in .

C Br−Br bond is stronger than the Cl−Cl bond

D Cl−Cl bond is stronger than the Br−Br bond

A polar covalent bonds

B nonpolar covalent bonds

C intermolecular attractions resulting from temporary dipoles

D intermolecular attractions resulting from permanent dipoles

(A) A network solid with covalent bonding

7. Solid ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH

A A network solid with covalent bonding

B A molecular solid with zero dipole moment

C A molecular solid with hydrogen bonding

A are in constant motion

B are relatively far apart

C have relatively small masses

D have a real, nonzero volume

E move slower as temperature decreases

10. Substance Normal boiling point

A is soluble in water, whereas is insoluble in water.

B The molecule has a greater mass than the molecule has.

A The London (dispersion) forces increase.

B The hydrogen bonding increases.

C The dipole-dipole forces increase.

D The chemical reactivity increases.

E The number of nearest neighbors increases.

How many grams of (molar mass ) are needed to prepare of

D are formed under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure

18. Sodium chloride is LEAST soluble in which of the following liquids?

Substance X Substance Y Substance Z

Substance X Substance Y Substance Z

Substance X Substance Y Substance Z

Substance X Substance Y Substance Z

20. In which of the following processes are covalent bonds broken?

d. Consider the four reaction-energy profile diagrams shown below.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

a. The atomic radius of Li is larger than that of Be.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

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