Scribd
Upload
80 views5 pages

Mathematics Syllabus PDF

The document provides a syllabus for the Ph.D entrance test in mathematics. It outlines 10 units that will be covered in the test: algebra, real analysis, complex analysis, ordinary and partial differential equations, topology, elements of functional analysis, differential geometry, measure and integration, number theory, and graph theory. Each unit lists the main concepts and theorems that will be included in that section of the test.

Uploaded by

LETCHUMY A/P MARIPAN Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
80 views5 pages

Mathematics Syllabus PDF

The document provides a syllabus for the Ph.D entrance test in mathematics. It outlines 10 units that will be covered in the test: algebra, real analysis, complex analysis, ordinary and partial differential equations, topology, elements of functional analysis, differential geometry, measure and integration, number theory, and graph theory. Each unit lists the main concepts and theorems that will be included in that section of the test.

Uploaded by

LETCHUMY A/P MARIPAN Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

SYLLABUS FOR Ph.

D ENTRANCE TEST
MATHEMATICS
UNIT- 1 ALGEBRA

Groups, Lagrange’s Theorem, Homomorphism and isomorphism, Normal subgroups


and factor groups, The fundamental theorem of homomorphism, Two laws of
isomorphism, Permutation groups and Cayley’s theorem, Sylow’s theorems.

Rings, Integral domains and Fields, Homomorphisms, Ideals and Quotient


Rings, Prime and Maximal ideals, Euclidean and principal ideal rings, Polynomials,
Zeros of a polynomial, Factorization, Irreducibility criterion, Adjunction of roots,
Algebraic and transcendental extensions, Finite fields, Separable and inseparable
extensions, Perfect and imperfect fields, Theorem on the primitive element.

Vector Spaces, Subspaces, Linear combinations and systems of linear equations,


Linear dependence and linear independence, Bases and dimension, Maximal linearly
independent subsets.

Linear transformations, Null spaces and ranges, The matrix representation


of a linear transformation, Composition of linear transformations and matrix
multiplication, Invertibility and isomorphisms, The change of coordinate matrix,
The dual space, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Diagonalizability, Invariant subspaces
and the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Inner products and norms, The Gram-Schmidt
orthogonalization process and orthogonal complements, The adjoint of a linear
operator, Normal and self-adjoint operators, Unitary and orthogonal operators
and their matrices, Orthogonal projections and the spectral theorem, Bilinear and
quadratic forms, The diagonal form, The triangular form, The Jordan canonical
form; The minimal polynomial, The rational canonical form.

UNIT-2 REAL ANALYSIS

Numerical sequences, Convergent sequences, Cauchy sequences,Upper and


lower limits. Series of real numbers series of non-negative terms, the number ‘e’,
tests of convergence, Multiplications of series, Re-arrangements, Double series,
infinite products.

Finite, countable and uncountable sets, The topology of the real line. Continuity,
Uniform continuity, Properties of continuous functions, Discontinuities, Monotonic
functions,

Differentiability, Mean value theorems, L’ Hospital rule, Taylor’s theorem,


Maxima and minima, Functions of bounded variation, The Riemann-Stieltje’s

1
integral, Criterion for integrability, Properties of the integral, Classes of integrable
functions, The integral as the limit of a sum, First and second mean value
theorems, Integration and differentiation.

Sequences and series of functions, Uniform convergence, Uniform convergence


and continuity, Uniform convergence and integration, Uniform convergence and
differentiation, Power series, The exponential and logarithmic functions, The
trigonometric functions.

Improper integrals and their convergence, Functions of several variables, Partial


derivatives, Continuity and differentiability, The chain rule, Jacobians, The Implicit
function theorem, Taylor’s theorem, The maxima and minima, Lagrange’s multipliers.

UNIT-3 COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Harmonic functions, Polynomials


and Rational functions, Elementary theory of power series, sequences, series,
uniform convergence of power series, Abel’s limit theorem, The elementary functions,
Topology of the complex plane, Linear fractional transformations, Cross-ratio,
Symmetry, Elementary conformal mappings, Line integrals, Rectifiable arcs, Local
properties of analytic functions, Cauchy’s theorem for a rectangle, Cauchy’s
theorem in a Circular disk, Cauchy’s integral formula.

The residue theorem, Argument principle, Evaluation of definite integrals,


Harmonic functions - Definition and basic properties, Mean value property, Poisson’s
formula, Schwarz’s theorem, Reflection principle, Power series expansions , The
Weierstrass theorem, The Taylor series, The Laurent series.

Partial fractions, Mittag - Leffer’s theorem, Infinite products, Canonical products,


The Gamma and Beta functions, Sterling’s formula, Entire functions, Jensen’s
formula, Hadamard’s theorem.

UNIT-4 ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Linear Second Order Equations, Initial value problem, Existence and uniqueness
by Picard’s theorem, Wronskian, Separation and comparison theorems, Poincare
phase plane analysis, Method of variation of parameters.

Power series solutions, Solution near ordinary and regular singular point,
Convergence of the formal power series, applications to Legendre, Bessel, Hermite,
Laguerre and hypergeometric differential equations with their properties.

Partial differential equations, Cauchy problems and characteristics, Classification

2
of second order PDE’s, Reduction to canonical forms, Equations of mathematical
physics and their solutions.

Boundary value problems, Transforming Boundary value problem of PDE


and ODE, Sturm - Liouvile system, Eigen values and eigen functions, Simple
properties, Fourier expansion in eigen functions, Parseval’s identity, Green’s function
method.

UNIT-5 TOPOLOGY

Topological spaces, Basis for a topology, The order topology, The product
topology on X×Y , The subspace topology, Closed sets and limit points, Continuous
functions, The product topology, The metric topology, The quotient topology,
Connected spaces, Connected sets on the real line, Path connectedness, Compact
spaces, Compact sets on the line, Limit point compactness, Local compactness.

The countability axioms, The separation axioms, Urysohn’s lemma, Tietze’s


extension theorem, Urysohn’s metrization theorem, Partitions of unity, Tychonoff’s
theorem on the product of compact spaces. Local finiteness, Paracompactness,
Normality of a paracompact space.

The Fundamental group and the fundamental group of a circle, The fundamental
group of the punctured plane, Essential and inessential maps, The fundamental
theorem of algebra.

UNIT-6 ELEMENTS OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Metric completion, Banach’s contraction mapping theorem and applications,


Baire’ category theorem, Ascoli - Arzela theorem.

Linear spaces and linear operators, Norm of a bounded operator, The Hahn -
Banach extension theorem, Stone - Weirstrass theorem.

Open mapping and closed graph theorems, Principle of Uniform Boundedness.

Hilbert spaces- The orthogonal projection, Nearly orthogonal elements, Riesz’s


lemma, Riesz’s representation theorem.

UNIT-7 DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

Plane curves and space curves, Frenet-Serret formulae, Simple closed curves,
The isoperimetric inequality, The four vertex theorem, Smooth surfaces, Tangents,
Normals and orientability, Quadric surfaces, The lengths of curves on surfaces,

3
Isometries of surfaces, Conformal mappings of surfaces, Surface area, Equiareal
maps and a theorem of Archimedes.

Curvature of surfaces - The second fundamental form, The curvature of curves


on a surface, Normal and principal curvatures.

The Gaussian and the mean curvatures, The Pseudo sphere, Flat surfaces,
Surfaces of constant mean curvature, Gaussian curvature of compact surfaces,
The Gauss’ map.

UNIT-8 MEASURE AND INTEGRATION

Outer measure, Measurable sets and Lebesgue measure, A nonmeasurable set,


Measurable functions.

The Lebesgue Integral of a bounded function over as set of finite measure,


The integral of a non-negative function, The general Lebesgue integral.

Differentiation of monotonic functions, Functions of bounded variation, Differentiation


of an integral, Absolute continuity.

Measure spaces, Measurable functions, Integration, Signed measures, The


Radon - Nikodym theorem, Measure and outer measure, Outer measure and
measurability, The extension theorem, Product measures.

UNIT-9 NUMBER THEORY

Congruences, Residue classes, Theorems of Fermat, Euler and Wilson, Linear


congruences, Elementary arithmetical functions, Primitive roots, Quadratic residues
and the law of quadratic reciprocity, Prime numbers, The Fundamental theorem
of arithmetic, The series of reciprocals of primes, The Euclidean algorithm,
Fermat and Mersenne numbers, Farey series, Farey dissection of the continuum,
Irrationality of mth root of N , e and π.

The Mobius function, The Euler’ function and Sigma function, The Dirichlet
product of arithmetical functions, Multiplicative functions, Euler summation
formula, Some elementary asymptotic formulas, The average orders of d(n), σ(n),
φ(n), µ(n). An application to the distribution of lattice points visible from the
origin.

Finite continued fractions, Convergent of a continued fraction, Continued


fractions with positive quotients. Simple continued fractions, The representation
of an irreducible rational fraction by a simple continued fraction, The continued

4
fraction algorithm and Euclid’s algorithm. The difference between the fraction
and its convergents, Infinite simple continued fractions, The representation of
an irrational number by an infinite continued fraction, Equivalent numbers and
periodic continued fractions, Some special quadratic surds.

UNIT-10 GRAPH THEORY

Graphs, Vertices of graphs, Walks and connectedness, Degrees, Operations


on graphs, Blocks , Cutpoints, Bridges, Cutpoint graphs, Sub-graphs, Paths
and cycles, Connected graphs, Connected components, Adjacency and incidence
matrices.

Properties of trees, Center, Connectivity, Connectivity and line connectivity,


Menger’s theorem, Partitions, Coverings and independence number.

Euler tours, Euler graphs, Hamiltonian paths, Hamiltonian graphs ,Closure


of a graph, Planar graphs, Euler’s formula, Vertex colouring, Chromatic number,
Chromatic polynomial , R - Critical graphs.

You might also like