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Experiment 3: Extraction and Drying of An Aqueous Solution

This document describes an experiment involving solvent extraction. The objectives are to learn techniques for separating toluene from water using extraction with diethyl ether, and for drying a dehydrated solution. Toluene solution is extracted from water using successive portions of diethyl ether in a separatory funnel. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is added to the extracted ether to remove any dissolved water before the ether is distilled off.

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Aina Syafiqah
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2K views3 pages

Experiment 3: Extraction and Drying of An Aqueous Solution

This document describes an experiment involving solvent extraction. The objectives are to learn techniques for separating toluene from water using extraction with diethyl ether, and for drying a dehydrated solution. Toluene solution is extracted from water using successive portions of diethyl ether in a separatory funnel. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is added to the extracted ether to remove any dissolved water before the ether is distilled off.

Uploaded by

Aina Syafiqah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 3: EXTRACTION AND DRYING OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

OBJECTIVES:

1. To learn the techniques of separating toluene from water (and other inorganic compounds) by
extraction.
2. To learn the techniques of drying a dehydrated solution.

INTRODUCTION:

The partial removal of a molecular solute from one liquid (usually water) into another
immiscible liquid is call solvent extraction. The technique is use in organic chemistry. In the
laboratory, the two immiscible liquids are shaken shaken thoroughly in a separating funnel fitted
with a good stopper. The tap is open at times during the shaking to release any pressure caused
by solvent vapor. A solvent such as ether is used because its boiling point is low and it can be
distilled from the extracted solution and recycled. In other hands volatile organic liquids such as
ether is dangerously flammable.

Although water and ether is immiscible, water does in fact, dissolve to some extent in ether. Due
to this fact ether extracted is always dried thoroughly with a suitable drying agent (such as
anhydrous magnesium sulphate) before the ether is distilled off.

For a given volume of extracting solvent, it is more efficient to carry out extraction by successive
use of equal portions of the solvent rather than the use of the whole volume in a single
extraction.

CHEMICALS:

 Toluene solution
 Diethyl ether
 Anhydrous magnesium sulphate

APPARATUS:

 1 separating funnel
 1 retort stand
 1 100 ml round bottom flask
 1 condenser
 1 still head
 1 thermometer
 1 filter paper
 1 heating mantle
 2 rubber hoses
 1 adapter
 1 pocket thermometer
QUESTION:

1. When you are extracting an aqueous solution with an organic solvent, you are
uncertain of which layer in the separatory funnel is aqueous, how would you
quickly sort out the issue ?

2. What is the purpose of using anhydrous magnesium sulphate in the experiment?


Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is used as a drying agent.

3. Draw the apparatus needed for extraction.

4. How do you estimate the anhydrous magnesium sulphate added is enough for the
solvent in the experiment?
When freshly added drying agent stops clumping or becoming wet looking.

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%20used,example%2C%20in%20medical%20preparations).

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