Motion Graphs Qs

Q1.Part of a bus route is along a high street.

The distance-time graph shows how far the bus travelled along the high street and how
long it took.

Time in seconds

(a)     Between which two points was the bus travelling the slowest?

Put a tick (  ) in the box next to your answer.

 
  Points Tick (  )

  A–B  

  C–D  

  D–E  

Give a reason for your answer.

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Motion Graphs Qs

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(2)

(b)     The bus travels at 5 m/s between points A and B.

The bus and passengers have a total mass of 16 000 kg.

Use the equation in the box to calculate the momentum of the bus and passengers
between points A and B.
 
  momentum = mass x velocity

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Momentum = .................................................. kg m/s

(2)

(c)     A cyclist made the same journey along the high street.
The cyclist started at the same time as the bus and completed the journey in 220
seconds. The cyclist travelled the whole distance at a constant speed.

(i)      Draw a line on the graph to show the cyclist’s journey.

(2)

(ii)     After how many seconds did the cyclist overtake the bus?

The cyclist overtook the bus after ............................................. seconds.

(1)
(Total 7 marks)

Q2.          (a)     A person takes their dog for a walk.

The graph shows how the distance from their home changes with time.

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Motion Graphs Qs

Which part of the graph, A, B, C or D, shows them walking the fastest?

 
Write your answer in the box.

Give the reason for your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)     During the walk, both the speed and the velocity of the person and the dog change.

How is velocity different from speed?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q3.          The graphs in List A show how the velocities of three vehicles change with time.
The statements in List B describe different motions.

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Motion Graphs Qs

Draw one line from each graph in List A to the description of the motion represented by
that graph in List B.

                            List A                                           List B

                Velocity–time graphs              Descriptions of motion

(Total 3 marks)

Q4.          A cyclist travelling along a straight level road accelerates at 1.2 m/s for 5 seconds. 2

The mass of the cyclist and the bicycle is 80 kg.

(a)     Use the equation in the box to calculate the resultant force needed to produce this
acceleration.
 
resultant force   =   mass   ×   acceleration

Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

........................................................................................................................

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Motion Graphs Qs

                                       Resultant force = ...........................................

(3)

(b)     The graph shows how the velocity of the cyclist changes with time.

(i)      Complete the following sentence.

The velocity includes both the speed and the ........................of the cyclist.
(1)

(ii)     Why has the data for the cyclist been shown as a line graph instead of a bar
chart?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)

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Motion Graphs Qs

(iii)    The diagrams show the horizontal forces acting on the cyclist at three different
speeds. The length of an arrow represents the size of the force.
A B C

Which one of the diagrams, A, B or C, represents the forces acting when the
cyclist is travelling at a constant 9 m/s?

...............................................................................................................

Explain the reason for your choice.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

Q5.The diagram shows the forces acting on a car. The car is being driven along a straight, level
road at a constant speed of 12 m/s.

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Motion Graphs Qs

(a)     The driver then accelerates the car to 23 m/s in 4 seconds.

Use the equation in the box to calculate the acceleration of the car.

Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

    Acceleration = ...................................................................................
(3)

(b)     Describe how the horizontal forces acting on the car change during the first two
seconds of the acceleration.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

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 Motion Graphs Qs

Q6.(a)    Some students have designed and built an electric-powered go-kart. After testing, the
students decided to make changes to the design of their go-kart.

The go-kart always had the same mass and used the same motor.

The change in shape from the first design (X) to the final design (Y) will affect the
top speed of the go-kart.

Explain why.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(3)

(b)     The final design go-kart, Y, is entered into a race.

The graph shows how the velocity of the go-kart changes during the first 40 seconds
of the race.

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Motion Graphs Qs

Time in seconds

(i)      Use the graph to calculate the acceleration of the go-kart between points J
and K.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Acceleration = ........................................ m/s 2

(2)

(ii)     Use the graph to calculate the distance the go-kart travels between points J
and K.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Distance = ........................................ m
(2)

(iii)    What causes most of the resistive forces acting on the go-kart?

...............................................................................................................

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Motion Graphs Qs

(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q7.          The diagram shows the velocity-time graph for an object over a 10 second period.

(a)     Use the graph to calculate the distance travelled by the object in 10 seconds.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

                            Distance = ............................................................ m
(2)

(b)     Complete the distance-time graph for the object over the same 10 seconds.

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Motion Graphs Qs

(2)
(Total 4 marks)

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 Motion Graphs Qs

M1.(a)    D – E
reason only scores if D – E chosen
1

shallowest slope / gradient

accept smallest distance in biggest time
accept longest time to travel the same distance
accept the line is not as steepaccept it is a less steep line
do not accept the line is not steep
1

(b)      80 000

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 16 000 × 5 provided
no subsequent step shown
2

(c)     (i)       straight line starting at origin

accept within one small square of the origin
1

passing through t = 220 and d = 500

1

(i)      186
accept any value between 180 and 188
accept where their line intersects given graph line correctly
read ±4 s
1
[7]

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Motion Graphs Qs

M2.          (a)     B
reason only scores if B is chosen
1

gradient / slope is the steepest / steeper

answers must be comparative
accept steepest line
ignore greatest speed
1

(b)     (velocity includes) direction

‘it’ refers to velocity
1
[3]

M3.         1 mark for each line

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Motion Graphs Qs

if more than 1 line is drawn from a graph in List A then all

those lines are marked incorrect
[3]

M4.          (a)     96
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
ie 80 × 1.2
2

newton or N
allow Newton
do not allow n
1

(b)     (i)     direction
1

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Motion Graphs Qs

(ii)     velocity and time are continuous (variables)

answers must refer to both variables
accept the variables are continuous / not categoric
accept the data / ‘it’ is continuous
accept the data / ‘it’ is not categoric
1

(iii)    C
1

velocity is not changing

the 2 marks for reason may be scored even if A or B are
chosen
accept speed for velocity
accept speed is constant (9 m/s)
accept not decelerating
accept not accelerating
accept reached terminal velocity
1

forces must be balanced

accept forces are equal
accept arrows are the same length / size
or
resultant force is zero
do not accept the arrows are equal
1
[8]

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 Motion Graphs Qs

M5.         (a)     2.75

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie

or  
provided no subsequent step shown
2

m/s 2

(b)     driving force increases

1

frictional force increases

accept air resistance / drag for frictional force
1

driving force > frictional force

1
[6]

M6.(a)    more streamlined
accept decrease surface area
1

air resistance is smaller (for same speed)

accept drag for air resistance
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Motion Graphs Qs

friction is insufficient
1

so reaches a higher speed (before resultant force is 0)

ignore reference to mass
1

(b)     (i)       1.7

allow 1 mark for correct method, ie  

or allow 1 mark for an answer with more than 2 sig figs that
rounds to 1.7
or allow 1 mark for an answer of 17
2

(ii)      7.5

allow 1 mark for correct use of graph, eg   × 5 × 3

2

(iii)    air (resistance)
accept wind (resistance)
drag is insufficient
friction is insufficient
1
[8]

M7.          (a)     48
allow for 1 mark correct method shown, ie 6 × 8
or correct area indicated on the graph
2

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Motion Graphs Qs

(b)     diagonal line from (0,0) to (6,48) / (6, their (a))

if answer to (a) is greater than 50, scale must be changed to
gain this mark
1

horizontal line at 48m between 6 and 10 seconds

accept horizontal line drawn at their (a) between 6 and 10
seconds
1
[4]

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