Scribd
Upload
59 views

Tutorial - Chapter 2: Roots of Equation: Analytical

This document provides information on solving equations using various numerical methods like bisection, false position, and Newton-Raphson. It includes examples of applying these methods to find the roots of equations derived from mechanics problems involving beam deflection, elastic curves, and fluid volumes. The examples show the iterative calculations and convergence to solutions within specified tolerances.

Uploaded by

Mohd Khairul Fahmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views

Tutorial - Chapter 2: Roots of Equation: Analytical

This document provides information on solving equations using various numerical methods like bisection, false position, and Newton-Raphson. It includes examples of applying these methods to find the roots of equations derived from mechanics problems involving beam deflection, elastic curves, and fluid volumes. The examples show the iterative calculations and convergence to solutions within specified tolerances.

Uploaded by

Mohd Khairul Fahmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

TUTORIAL – CHAPTER 2: ROOTS OF EQUATION

QUESTION 1
Analytical
0.8 − 0.3𝑥𝑖
𝑓 𝑥𝑖 =
𝑥𝑖
0 = 0.8 − 0.3𝑥𝑖
0.3𝑥𝑖 = 0.8
0.8
𝑥𝑖 = = 2.667
0.3

Graphical – plot using either Excel or Matlab

x f(x)
0.5 1.3
1 0.5
1.5 0.233333
2 0.1
2.5 0.02
3 -0.03333
3.5 -0.07143
4 -0.1
4.5 -0.12222
5 -0.14

Bisection
i xl xu xr f(xl) f(xu) f(xr) ea et
1 1.000 3.000 2.000 0.500 -0.033 0.100
2 2.000 3.000 2.500 0.100 -0.033 0.020 20.00% 6.26%
3 2.500 3.000 2.750 0.020 -0.033 -0.009 9.09% 3.11%

False Position
i xl xu xr f(xl) f(xu) f(xr) ea et
1 1.000 3.000 2.875 0.500 -0.033 -0.022
2 1.000 2.875 2.797 0.500 -0.022 -0.014 2.79% 4.87%
3 1.000 2.797 2.748 0.500 -0.014 -0.009 1.78% 3.04%

Fixed-point iteration
0.8 − 0.3𝑥𝑖
𝑥𝑖+1 = + 𝑥𝑖
𝑥𝑖

0.8
𝑔′ 𝑥𝑖 = − +1
𝑥𝑖 2
i xi ea et x g'(x)
0 3.000 2 0.800
1 2.967 1.12% 11.24% 3 0.911
2 2.936 1.03% 10.10%
3 2.909 0.95% 9.07% Converge between [2,3]

Newton-Raphson
0.8 − 0.3𝑥𝑖 0.8
𝑓 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥𝑖 = −
𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖 2

i xi ea et
0 3.000
1 2.625 14.29% 1.57%
2 2.630 0.18% 1.40%
3 2.634 0.16% 1.24%

Secant
i xi f(xl) ea et
-1 2.000 0.100
0 3.000 -0.033
1 2.750 -0.009 9.09% 3.11%
2 2.656 0.001 3.53% 0.40%
3 2.667 0.000 0.40% 0.00%

QUESTION 2
(a)
(b)

This problem can be solved by determining the root of the derivative of the elastic curve

dy
dx
0
w0
120 EIL

 5 x 4  6 L2 x 2  L4 
Therefore, after substituting the parameter values, we must determine the root of

f ( x)  5x 4  2,160,000x 2  1.296  1011  0

A plot of the function indicates a root at about x = 270.

2E+11
1E+11
0
-1E+11 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
-2E+11

Bisection can be used to determine the root. Here are the first few iterations:

i xl xu xr f(xl) f(xr) f(xl)f(xr) a


1 0 500 250 -1.3E+11 -1.4E+10 1.83E+21

2 250 500 375 -1.4E+10 7.53E+10 -1.1E+21 33.33%

3 250 375 312.5 -1.4E+10 3.37E+10 -4.8E+20 20.00%

4 250 312.5 281.25 -1.4E+10 9.97E+09 -1.4E+20 11.11%

5 250 281.25 265.625 -1.4E+10 -2.1E+09 2.95E+19 5.88%

After 20 iterations, the root is determined as x = 268.328. This value can be substituted into
equation to compute the maximum deflection as

2.5
y ((268 .328 ) 5  720 ,000 (268 .328 ) 3  1.296  1011 (268 .328 ))  0.51519
120 (50,000 )30,000 (600 )
QUESTION 3

The equation to be solved is

 
f (h)  Rh 2   h 3  V
3

Here is a summary of the results obtained with three iterations of false position:

i xl xu f(xl) f(xu) xr f(xr) f(xl)f(xr) a


1 0 3.00000 -30 26.54867 1.59155 -10.3485 310.45424
2 1.59155 3.00000 -10.348 26.54867 1.98658 -1.01531 10.50688 19.885%
3 1.98658 3.00000 -1.0153 26.54867 2.02390 -0.07591 0.07708 1.844%

The result can be verified by substituting it into the volume equation to give

3(3)  2.0239
V   (2.0239 ) 2  29.92409
3

You might also like