Mat Foundation Design PDF

Design of mat footing
Size of column = 300 mm x 300 mm

Grade of Concrete used (f ₖ) = 20.0 N/mm²
Grade of steel used (fᵧ) = 500 N/mm²
Bearing Capacity of Soil (SBC) = 130 KN/m²
Depth of footing from ground level (D ) = 1.52 m
Total Length of footing (L ) = 4.40 m
Total width of footing (B ) = 3.83 m
c/c spacing of column along X-axis (Lₓ) = 3.63 m
c/c spacing of column along Y-axis (Lᵧ) = 3.53 m
No. of span along X- axis = 1
No. of span along Y- axis = 1
1 2
B B
3.53
A A
3.63
1 2
1) Calculation of eccentricity
Node FZ (KN) x y Mx (KNm) My (KNm) Type
A1 309 0.00 0.00 0 0 Corner
A2 427 3.60 0.00 1537 0 Face
B1 197 0.00 3.56 0 701 Corner
B2 348 3.60 3.56 1253 1239 Face
Total 1,281.00 2,790.00 1,940.20
Center of mass of mat foundation

x̅ₐᵣₑₐ = Lf/2 = 2.20 m
ȳₐᵣₑₐ = Bf/2 = 1.92 m
Center of gravity for load on mat foundation
x̅ₗ = ∑Mₓ/∑P = 2.18 m
ȳₗ = ∑Mᵧ/∑P = 1.51 m
Hence,eccentricity along both axes,

eₓ =x̅ₗ - x̅ₐᵣₑₐ = -0.02 m
eᵧ = ȳₗ - ȳₐᵣₑₐ = -0.40 m
2) Net Soil Pressure
σ = P/A ± Mx/Ix * Y± My/Iy * X
Iₓ = bd³/12 = 20.60 m⁴
Iᵧ = b³d/12 = 27.19 m⁴
Area of footing(A ) = 16.85 m²
Total Load (Pᵤ) = 1281 KN
Mₓ = P x eᵧ = -512.92 KN-m
Mᵧ = P x eₓ = -28.20 KN-m
P/A = 76.01 KN/m²
Mₓ/Iₓ = -24.90 KN/m³
Mᵧ/Iᵧ = -1.04 KN/m³
Joint Grid X Y σ Remarks
1 A1 -2.20 -1.92 125.98 OK
2 B1 -2.20 1.65 37.34 OK
3 A2 1.40 -1.92 122.24 OK
4 B2 1.40 1.65 33.60 OK
Average Stress along grids in (KN/m2)

In x-direction, the raft is divided into two strips A-A and B-B,
Stress along A-A= 124.20 KN/m² average of A1 and A2
Stress along B-B= 35.50 KN/m² average of B1 and B2
Similarly, in y-direction, the raft is divided into two strips 1-1 and 2-2,
Stress along 1-1= 81.70 KN/m² average of A1 and B1
Stress along 2-2= 78.00 KN/m² average of A2 and B2
3) Calculation of Bending moment

The bending moment is calculated by using following expression,
+M = -M = wl²/8 for single span considering simply supported,
Along grid 1-2
Length 3.63
For A-A = (124.2 x 1 x 3.63²) / 8 = 204.57 KN-m/m
For B-B = (35.5 x 1 x 3.63²) / 8 = 58.47 KN-m/m
The bending moment is calculated by using following expression,

+M = -M = wl²/8 for single span considering simply supported,
Along grid A-B
Length 3.53
For 1-1 = (81.7 x 1 x 3.53²) / 8 = 127.26 KN-m/m
For 2-2 = (78 x 1 x 3.53²) / 8 = 121.49 KN-m/m
From SP16, we know for Fe500,then depth from bending consideration,

BM = 0.133 x fck x b x d²
∴ Depth from moment consideration (d)=277 mm
Factor of safety = 1.5
4) Check for two way shear:

For M20 grade concrete, we have,
Permissible Shear Stress (Ʈc,max)= KsƮc = 1.12 N/mm²
a. For edge column A1

Distance of column face from property line = 0 mm
Column Load (Pᵤ) = 309 KN
Perimeter of critical section (bₒ) = (d/2+ 300 ) + (d/2 + 300 )
or, bₒ = ( d + 600 )
From the condition,Shear strength > Shear stress,
or, Tv = ( 1.5 x 309 x 1000 ) / ( d + 600 ) x d )
or, ( d² + 600 d) = 413840
or, d² + 600 d - 413840 = 0
On solving and neglecting negative value, then
∴ d=282 mm
b. For face column A2

Distance of column face from property line = 0 mm
Column Load (Pᵤ) = 427 KN
Perimeter of critical section (bₒ) = 2 x (d/2+ 300 ) + (d/2 + 300 + d/2 )
or, bₒ = ( 2d + 900 )
From the condition,Shear strength > Shear stress,
or, Tv = ( 1.5 x 427 x 1000 ) / ( 2d + 900 ) x d )
or, ( 2d² + 900 d) = 571875
or, d² + 450 d - 285938 = 0
On solving and neglecting negative value, then
∴ d=355 mm
Providing overall depth(D) = 450 mm
Clear Cover (d') = 50 mm
Effective depth along long. direction(dₓ) = 392 mm
∴ Depth provided is sufficient against bending and two way shear consideration.
5) Main Reinforcement
Minimum Aₛₜ = 0.15% bD = 675 mm²/mm
fck 4.6 x BM
Area of steel required (Ast)=0.5 x {1− (1− )}x b x d
fy fck x b x d2)
Bar Spacing
Grid Max BM Ast required Ast Provided Remarks
Provided Provided
Stress along A-A= 204.57 1309.68 16 150 1340.41 OK
Stress along B-B= 58.47 350.93 16 150 1340.41 OK
Stress along 1-1= 127.26 786.07 16 150 1340.41 OK
Stress along 2-2= 121.49 748.58 16 150 1340.41 OK
Hence, provide mat footing with overall depth(D) =450 mm and main rebars as 16 mm @ 150 mm c/c
spacing along both sides at top and bottom layer

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Design of mat footing

Size of column = 300 mm x 300 mm

Center of mass of mat foundation

Hence,eccentricity along both axes,

Average Stress along grids in (KN/m2)

3) Calculation of Bending moment

The bending moment is calculated by using following expression,

From SP16, we know for Fe500,then depth from bending consideration,

4) Check for two way shear:

a. For edge column A1

b. For face column A2

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