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OTHM LEVEL 6 DIPLOMA IN

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY
Qualification Ref. No.:
603/5002/7
 ADMINISTRATION
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HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES AND POLICY

Unit Reference Number H/617/7539

Health and Safety Management Principles and
Unit Title Policy

Unit Level 6

Number of Credits 8

Total Qualification Time (TQT) 80 hours

Guided Learning Hours (GLH) 30

Mandatory / Optional Mandatory

Unit Grading Structure Pass / Fail

LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Understand the principles of health and safety
management and its organizational systems.
 Understand the principles of health and safety policy.

 To be able to conduct a critical review of a health and

safety policy in an organization.
 To be able to assess internal and external factors that
influence health and safety practices.
FLIXBOROUGH (NYPRO UK) EXPLOSION
1ST JUNE 1974
 on Saturday 1 June 1974 the Nypro (UK) site at
Flixborough was severely damaged by a large
explosion.
 Twenty-eight workers were killed and a further
36 suffered injuries
 A plant modification occurred without a full
assessment of the potential consequences.
 1980 HSWA Section 3 added inputs.
PIPER ALPHA
 06 July 1988, a series of explosions ripped through
the Piper Alpha platform in the North Sea.
 167 men died and many more were injured and
traumatized.
 The world’s biggest offshore oil disaster affected
10% of UK oil production and led to financial
losses of an estimated £2 billion (the equivalent of
US$ 5 billion today).
STATISTICS
The burden and cost of occupational accidents and diseases in the United Kingdom

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has developed a methodology to calculate the costs of workplace accidents and diseases to
individuals, employers and society. Each year:

•over 1 million injuries and 2.3 million cases of ill health occur;

•around 40 million working days are lost;

•over 25,000 individuals lose their jobs because of injury or ill health. The estimated costs of this toll are:
•to individuals, US$20–28 billion;

•to employers, US$8–16 billion;

•to society, US$40–60 billion.

•of a fatality: US$3 million

•of a major injury: US$80,000

•of an average case of ill health: US$17,000

Source: Annual data based on 2005 statistics published by the HSE: http://www.hse.gov.uk/costs/; HSE, “Costs to Britain of workplace accidents and work-related ill health” (interim update), data based on 2000–2001 statistics:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/economics/costing.htm.
VARIATIONS IN PERFORMANCE
 significant variations in occupational safety and health
performance between countries, economic sectors and
sizes of enterprise.
 Workplace fatalities varies enormously between
countries also significant difference between developed
and developing countries.
 Example, a factory worker in Pakistan is eight times
more likely to be killed at work than a factory worker in
France;
 fatalities among transport workers in Kenya are ten
times those in Denmark;
 construction workers in Guatemala are six times more
likely to die at work than their counterparts in
Switzerland
SIZES OF ENTERPRISE

 small workplaces have a worse safety record than

large ones.
 Rate of fatal and serious injuries in small
workplaces (defined as those with fewer than 50
employees) is twice that in large workplaces
(defined as those with more than 200 employees).
GROUPS AT PARTICULAR RISK

 Special position of women workers needs attention. .

Tasks and equipment are designed for male body
size and shape.
 Many home-based workers, in both developed and
developing countries.
 Part-time workers are another group.

 Economically active migrants.

 Workers in the informal economy.

 Contract employees.

 Drivers
SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK – A HUMAN
RIGHT

 The right to safety and health at work is enshrined in the

United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
1948, which states:
 Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of
employment, to just and favorable conditions of work …
(Article 23)

 The United Nations International Covenant on Economic,

Social and Cultural Rights, 1976, reaffirms this right in the
following terms:
 The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the
right of everyone to the enjoyment of just and favorable
conditions of work, which ensure, in particular: … (b) Safe
and healthy working conditions …
(Article 7)
OH&S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS FOR
THE ORGANIZATION
 Provide a safe and healthy workplace(s)
 Prevent work related injury and / or ill health
 Proactively monitor and improve OH&S performance
 Eliminate hazards and minimize OH&S risks
(including system deficiencies)
 Take advantage of OH&S opportunities and address
management system non-conformities associated with
its activities
 Fulfil legal and other requirements
 Achieve OH&S objectives
 Integrate other aspects of health and safety including
worker wellness / wellbeing
 ILO OSH STANDARDS
ILO to promote occupational safety and health include international labour
standards, codes of practice, the provision of technical advice and the
dissemination of information.
OSH MANAGEMENT CYCLE-ILO
ISO 45001
 ISO 45001 has
adopted the four stage
Plan-Do-Check-Act
(PDCA) cycle for
achieving continual
improvement. This is
an inherent part of
the systematic
approach to determine
workable solutions,
assessing the results,
and implementing
ones
SCOPE
HARMONIZED 10 CORE CLAUSES -IMS
 Scope
 Normative references

 Terms of definition

 Context of organization

 Leadership

 Planning

 Support

 Emergency preparedness

 Performance evaluation

 Improvement
FLOW CHART
SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

 Management Commitment
 Leadership and Employee Participation

 Worksite Analysis

 Hazard Analysis & Prevention

 Control & Communication

 Training.
OSH POLICY
 An OH&S Policy is a
‘Statement of Intent’ or
‘Mission Statement’
which sets out the
framework to manage
the Occupational Health
and Safety Management
System. The OH&S
policy is approved by
senior leadership and
will drive the controls
that are in place and the
actions that are carried
out to improve it.
EXAMPLE - POLICY
WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY
Goals
This policy:
 shows the commitment of (your business name)’s
management and workers to health and safety
 aims to remove or reduce the risks to the health,
safety and welfare of all workers, contractors and
visitors, and anyone else who may be affected by
our business operations
 aims to ensure all work activities are done safely.
EXAMPLE - POLICY
Responsibilities
Management (the supervisor and / or manager) is
responsible for providing and maintaining:
 a safe working environment
 safe systems of work
 plant and substances in safe condition
 facilities for the welfare of all workers
 any information, instruction, training and supervision
needed to make sure that all workers are safe from
injury and risks to their health
 <LIST ANY OTHER SPECIFIC HEALTH AND
SAFETY DUTIES THAT MANAGEMENT HAS>.
EXAMPLE - POLICY
Workers are responsible for:
 ensuring their own personal health and safety, and
that of others in the workplace
 complying with any reasonable directions (such as
safe work procedures, wearing personal protective
equipment) given by management for health and
safety
 <LIST ANY OTHER SPECIFIC HEALTH AND
SAFETY DUTIES THAT WORKERS HAVE>.
EXAMPLE - POLICY
Visitors and contractors to:
 <INCLUDE HOW YOU WANT THESE PEOPLE
TO COMPLY WITH THIS POLICY AND THE
PROCEDURES YOU HAVE THAT ENSURE
HEALTH AND SAFETY AT YOUR
WORKPLACE>
Note:
once the OH&S policy has been approved it must be communicated
to stakeholders including workers. The policy must be available to
interested parties, which will include customers and external
providers on request.
BENEFITS
 Provides a systematic approach for senior leadership to assess OH&S
risk and opportunities, monitor and review
 Safety performance and set objectives for continual improvement within
the ‘context’ of organizational activities.
 for example, worker health promotion campaigns or the monitoring of
the OH&S effects of products and services provided.
 commitment from senior leadership to internal and external stakeholders
(interested parties) of the intent to protect workers from accidents
including short and long term ill health effects.
 In-turn reduce downtime, lead to reduction or prevention of worker loss
time hours and potential prosecution.
 Provides assurances to the Board of Directors, Trustees or owners that
management controls regarding OH&S risks inherent within the
organization.
 Promotes worker participation when identifying hazards, elimination or
reducing risk by implementation of controls integrated with other
business process.
 improve safety culture, minimize risk and embed best practice resulting
in increased productivity.
INTERESTED PARTIES
ORGANIZATIONAL ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES
AND AUTHORITIES

 organization to define clear roles, responsibilities and

authorities throughout the organization.
 recognized that overall responsibility for the OH&S
management system falls to ‘Top Management’
however individuals must take account of their own
health and safety and that of others.
 Consider documenting roles, responsibilities and
authorities within high-level and localized
organizational charts.
 Policies and work instructions may also include
responsibility and authority however competence must
be considered.
CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION OF
WORKERS

 OH&S system is to ensure there are clear lines of

communication, consultation and participation of
workers with sufficient allocation of time and
resources.
 to ensure information that has an impact on
OH&S is communicated at all levels of the
organization.
 it can be achieved in many different ways
depending on the scope and scale of an
organization.
PROMOTING CONSULTATION AND
PARTICIPATION OF WORKERS - SUGGESTION
 Periodic meetings with senior leadership to discuss processes
including OH&S issues
 Safety committee with worker representatives (where required)
 Identification and elimination of hazards (risk assessments)
 Development of training Tool Box Talks and presentations (This
may include training tools for workers outside of your
organization such as visiting contractors)
 Development of Safe Systems of Work and Work Instructions
 Cross communication between sites within the organization
 Near miss reporting schemes with follow up actions including
root cause analysis
 Site tours
 Open door policy to talk to a safety or HR representative
 OH&S suggestion boxes
 Communication – Notice boards, newsletters, email, blogs,
health promotion campaigns
COMMUNICATION

Question Examples

What will be communicated? OH&S Policy, site rules including personal

responsibilities, hazards, risk assessments,
Work Instructions, minutes from committee
meetings, investigation results,
organizational structure, performance

When communication Recruitment permanent or temporary,

induction internally and externally, morning
occurs? briefing, safety committee meetings,
pending legal requirements

Who will information be Workers including agency, contractors,

external providers, product end users and
communicated to? other interested parties

How will information be Notice boards, tool box talks, email,

website, newsletters, supervision
communicated?
EXTERNAL ISSUES
INTERNAL ISSUES
DOCUMENTED INFORMATION
Internal / External Sources Type Use

External Regulatory Government website instructions and leaflets, codes of

practice
External Information External Provider material safety data sheets,
certificates of conformity

External Information External Provider machinery installation instructions

and technical specifications

External Information Risk assessments and method statements

External Certificates Fire system, fixed wiring service records, liability

insurance documents

External Training Certificates of competence (Fork Lift Truck, OH&S

awareness)
Internal Training Induction presentations, tool box talks

Internal Training Individual training records

Internal Work Safe Systems of Work Work Instructions

Internal Inspections Evidence of maintenance and routine inspections

SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(OHMS) SELF-EVALUATION

1. Management Leadership / Employee Involvement.

Commitment
 Is a signed OHMS Commitment statement posted in
your office/site for all employees to view?
Communication / Employee Notification
 How is your overall safety and health policy communicated
to employees?
 Do you have a designated safety and health coordinator(s)?
 If so, what are their responsibilities?
 Has a safety and health committee that includes
management and employees been established?
CONT..
 How are comments or concerns regarding safety
and health issues:
 communicated / submitted by employees?
 addressed or resolved by management?
 How is the resolution of an issue communicated to
employees?
 How do you make employees aware of:

 the OHMS Program?

 Results of self-inspections, evaluations, O& H
audits, near misses, accident investigations,
etc.?
PARTICIPATION / RESPONSIBILITY /
ACCOUNTABILITY

 Give examples of managers’ and employees’

participation in safety and health related activities
such as training, quarterly O&H inspections,
staff/team meetings, etc.
 How are safety and health responsibilities, including
specific tasks, assigned and communicated to
employees?
 Give examples of delegated duties and the process to
assure completion / accountability.
RESOURCES

 For the past year, give examples of resources,

including time and money, devoted to the safety
and health program.
 For the upcoming year, do you think these
resources will increase, decrease, or remain about
the same?
GOALS

 List next fiscal year’s goals for your safety and

health program.
 Have action plans been developed to accomplish
these goals?
 List last fiscal year’s goals and indicate if each goal
was Completed (C), is in Progress (P), or was
Withdrawn (W).
 Describe how employees are involved in the goals
setting process.
 Once established, how are the goals communicated
to employees?
EXAMPLE

Question Number Recommendation Corrective Action Status

List last fiscal year’s recommendations and current status [(N/A),

Completed (C), In Progress (P), or Withdrawn (W)]
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
 Describe the process for conducting and documenting
routine safety audits of the office.
 What procedures are in place to assure identified
hazards are corrected?
 What system is in place to identify and document
routine safety and health in the field?
 What are the steps that have been taken to ensure a
preventative/predictive maintenance system is in
place. Example – Vehicles, technical equipment.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
The assignment report should be presented in
seven parts:
 Part 1 - Executive summary
 Part 2 – Introduction
 Part 3 - Assessment of the health and safety
management system of the organization.
 Part 4 - Strategy for improving the health and
safety management system.
 Part 5 - Business case for one or more health and
safety measures related to the strategy
 Part 6 - Bibliography
 Part 7 - Appendices
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
 Explain what methods you use when assessing
your health and safety policy and the factors you
consider when carrying out this task.
 Describe the responsibilities placed on employers
for the health, safety and welfare of employees
and others who may be affected by the
employer’s work activities.
 Explain external factors influencing health and
safety eg. Statutory health and safety
requirements and industry best practice
1. Identify deficiencies in the current Health and
Safety Policy.
2. Analyse the structure of the organization
relative to health and Safety.
CONT…
 Outline the principles of ISO 45001.
 Outline the main health and safety risks and
the potential injury or harm to people and also
explain how to effective accident/incident
investigation report mode to management.
 Explain how you analyse your organizational
structure, to ensure each reporting line reflect
the organization at the time.
THANKS