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    Measurement of Color: Accurate, Real-Time Reliable Color Measurements ASTM Color

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    Measurement of Color: Accurate, Real-Time Reliable Color Measurements ASTM Color

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    Measurement of Color: Accurate, Real-Time Reliable Color Measurements ASTM Color

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    Kanchan
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    Measurement of Color

    Accurate, Real-time Reliable Color Measurements ASTM Color


    ASTM color (reference ASTM D1500, ASTM D1524) describes
    Many liquid product specifications are based on color measure-
    the color measurement method for fuels including lubricat-
    ments. Changes in color can be an indicator of final product
    ing oils, heating oils, diesel fuels, and petroleum waxes. The
    quality as well as a means to control process variables when
    color scale ranges from 0.5 to 8. The lowest value of 0.5 being
    implemented in real-time. Several different color “scales” are
    a light yellow, 2 being yellow, 5 being orange, and 8 being
    utilized in measuring color in different products or industries.
    a deep red. Both of these ASTM methods are off-line manual
    Some common examples are ASTM color, Saybolt, and APHA
    laboratory evaluations.
    (aka Platinum-Cobalt, or Hazen).

    Using a Guided Wave color analyzer system to automate the


    measurements within a process, eliminates the visual judge-
    ment of a technician and delivers online real-time color values
    to the process operators that can be used for quality control
    or product quality certification. Each color measurement is
    described here, along with a method summary and suitable
    Guided Wave analyzer system configuration (listed in Table 1).

    APHA\Pt-Co (Hazen) Color


    This test method describes a procedure for the visual measure-
    ment of the color of light colored liquids. It can be referred
    to by several names: APHA (American Public Health Asocia-
    tion), Platinum-Cobalt (reference ASTM D1209), or Hazen. The
    measurement was originally developed to detect contamination Saybolt Color
    of water supplies as detected by a slight yellow color. Today Saybolt color (reference ASTM D156, ASTM D6045) is primarily
    it finds use in many industries to measure slight yellowness to used in characterizing fuels including automobile and aviation
    determine product quality (either degradation or impurities). gasolines, jet fuel, diesel fuel, naphthas, kerosene, lubricating
    The APHA/Platinum-Cobalt color scale is described in ASTM oils, heating oils, fuel oils and petroleum waxes. Saybolt is a
    D1209 “Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids lighter color range than ASTM. The Saybolt color scale goes from
    (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)”. The ASTM method is an off-line 30, which is considered to be barely perceivable yellow, to –16
    manual laboratory method. This original test design required an which is a definite yellow. Both of of these ASTM methods are
    observer to compare the color of a product to a known off-line manual laboratory evalutations. The original test design
    standard, and then judge the “color”.This color scale ranges required an observer to compare the color of a product to a
    from 0 to 500. The lowest value of 0 is referred to as water known standard, and then judge the “color”.
    white. A value of 500 is distinctly yellow.

    PAGE 1 | www.guided-wave.com
    Gardner Color
    Gardner color (reference ASTM D1544, ASTM D6166) is typically
    Measurement of Color used in measuring drying oils, varnishes, fatty acids, polymers,
    and resins. The Gardner scale is from 1 through 18 with 1 being
    Turbidity (Haze) Color a light yellow and 18 being a deep reddish brown. Standards
    Turbidity can be used to indicate solid breakthrough in a pro- for Gardner color can be made from metal salts used in the
    cess. This can be used as an alarm and to invalidate other opti- Platinum∙Cobalt scale (for the lower numbers) and from fer-
    cal measurments until the problem can be corrected. Turbidity ric and cobalt chlorides dissolved in hydrochloric acid (for the
    values can be found in several different units depending on the higher numbers).
    application. Two common measurment standards are ASTM
    Method D4176 (Haze), and EPA method 180.1 (NTU).

    The ASTM method decribes the visual standard for measur-


    ing turbidity (caused by immiscible water in fuels) by viewing
    cards with black lines of various thicknesses through a 100mm
    diameter glass jar of solution. The result is a value (called Haze)
    between 1 and 6, with 1 being the clearest.

    Haze is typically measured in the refining sector and arises from


    water beyond the solubility limit. EPA 180.1 measures light
    scatter at 90 degrees in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
    In this method standards of formazin are available at different
    NTU levels to be used for calibration. The Smart Choice for Reliable Color Measurement
    Guided Wave color analyzers are built on the proven multiwave-
    length ClearView® db technology. This filter photometer is a dual
    beam design that provides increased stability over other single
    beam photometers (document #1033). These complete “ready-
    to-go” analytical systems include: 1) the photometer or analyzer,
    2) the fiber optic cables, 3) the sample interface and 4) the control
    software and pre-calibration to the specific color application.

    Another advantage of the ClearView db analyzer platform is that


    it is configurable to many different color scale measurements in
    addition to those described here. The two channel ClearView db
    analyzer can be configured for two different color measurements,
    such as ASTM and Saybolt, accomplishing both measurements
    with one analyzer, simultaneously. Please contact Guided Wave to
    discuss your specific color measurement needs.

    Table 1: Color Methods Summary & Analyzer Solutions


    APHA\Pt-Co ASTM Saybolt Turbidity Gardner
    Range 0-500 0.5 to 7 -16 to 30 1to 6 Haze, NTU 0-1000 1-18
    Lightest 0 1 30 1 1
    Darkest 500 8 -16 6 18
    ASTM Methods D1209 D1500, D1524 D156,D6045 D4176 D1544, D6166
    Typical Configuration APHA\Pt-Co Analyzer ASTM Analyzer Saybolt Analyzer Turbidity Analyzer Gardner Analyzer
    30mm Axial Flowcell 5mm Flowcell 20 or 50mm Turbidity Probe or 5mm Flowcell or
    (50mm Axial Flowcell or SST Probe; Axial Flowcell or Turbidity Flowcell; SST Probe;
    or SST Probe for low SST Probe;
    Fiber Cables Fiber Cables Fiber Cables
    values); Fiber Cables Fiber Cables
    Analyzer Brochure Doc # 1063 Doc # 1064 Doc #1062 Doc # 1065 Please Call

    +1 916-638-4944 phone [email protected] Literature: 2030-17-04

    +1 916-635-8458 fax An Advanced Company

    PAGE 2 | www.guided-wave.com

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