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Chapter 6: Vertical Stress Increase in Soil

The document discusses methods for estimating vertical stress increases in soil due to different types of surface loads, including: 1) A concentrated point load based on Boussinesq's equations; 2) A circularly loaded area by considering stress contributions from elemental areas; 3) A vertical line load using principles of elasticity; 4) A rectangularly loaded area using the approximate 2:1 method where stress at depth z is half the load divided by the area times z.

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289 views10 pages

Chapter 6: Vertical Stress Increase in Soil

The document discusses methods for estimating vertical stress increases in soil due to different types of surface loads, including: 1) A concentrated point load based on Boussinesq's equations; 2) A circularly loaded area by considering stress contributions from elemental areas; 3) A vertical line load using principles of elasticity; 4) A rectangularly loaded area using the approximate 2:1 method where stress at depth z is half the load divided by the area times z.

Uploaded by

Alaa Telfah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ajloun National University

Civil Engineering Department


Geotechnical Engineering
Lecturer: Eng. Hadeel N. Alzghool

Chapter 6 : Vertical Stress Increase in Soil

Summer semester, 2020

1
Introduction
■ For the calculation of foundation settlement, it is required that we estimate the vertical stress
increase in the soil mass due to the net load applied on the foundation.

■ Hence, in this chapter, we will discuss the general principles for estimating the increase of vertical
stress at various depths in soil due to the application of (on the ground surface).
● A point load
● Circularly loaded area
● Vertical line load
● Strip load
● Rectangularly loaded area
● Embankment type of loading

2
6.2 Stress Due to a Concentrated Load
■ In 1885, Boussinesq developed the
mathematical relationships for determining
the normal and shear stresses at any point
inside homogeneous, elastic, and isotropic
mediums due to a concentrated point load
located at the surface, as shown in Figure 6.1.
■ According to his analysis, the vertical stress
increase at point A caused by a point load of
magnitude P is given by:

3
6.3 Stress Due to a Circularly Loaded Area
■ The Boussinesq equation (6.1) can also be
used to determine the vertical stress below
the center of a flexible circularly loaded
area, as shown in Figure 6.2.
■ Let the radius of the loaded area be B/2,
and let qo be the uniformly distributed load
per unit area.
■ To determine the stress increase at a point
A, located at a depth z below the center of
the circular area, consider an elemental
area on the circle.
■ The total increase in stress caused by the
entire loaded area may be obtained by:

4
6.3 Stress Due to a Circularly Loaded Area
■ The total increase in stress caused by the
entire loaded area may be obtained by:

5
6.4 Stress Due to a Line Load
■ Figure 6.3 shows a vertical flexible line load
of infinite length that has an intensity q/unit
length on the surface of a semi-infinite soil
mass.
■ The vertical stress increase, Ds, inside the
soil mass can be determined by using the
principles of the theory of elasticity as:

6
6.6 Stress below a Rectangular Area
■ Foundation engineers often use an
approximate method to determine the
increase in stress with depth caused by
the construction of a foundation.
■ The method is referred to as the 2:1
method. (See Figure 6.7.)
■ According to this method, the increase in
stress at depth z is:

7
6.6 Approximate methods for other shapes

8
6.6 Approximate methods for other shapes

9
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