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Lab Report Exp 2 chm457

This laboratory report summarizes an experiment to prepare 4-methylcyclohexene from 4-methylcyclohexanol through a dehydration reaction. 7.5 ml of 4-methylcyclohexanol was reacted with phosphoric acid using simple distillation to yield 4.55 g of the product, for a percentage yield of 28.72%. Simple distillation was used to separate the product from water, with the condenser cooling vapors and the brine solution washing any remaining water from the distillate. Anti-bumping granules and a boiling chip were included to prevent explosive boiling during distillation. The product was tested with bromine and potassium permanganate to

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1K views4 pages

Lab Report Exp 2 chm457

This laboratory report summarizes an experiment to prepare 4-methylcyclohexene from 4-methylcyclohexanol through a dehydration reaction. 7.5 ml of 4-methylcyclohexanol was reacted with phosphoric acid using simple distillation to yield 4.55 g of the product, for a percentage yield of 28.72%. Simple distillation was used to separate the product from water, with the condenser cooling vapors and the brine solution washing any remaining water from the distillate. Anti-bumping granules and a boiling chip were included to prevent explosive boiling during distillation. The product was tested with bromine and potassium permanganate to

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pufff witches
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© © All Rights Reserved
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LABORATORY REPORT

FOR

FUNDAMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CHM457

Experiment 2
This evaluation is carried out in compliance with the assessment requirements
for the subject of Fundamental Organic Chemistry CHM457 on semester of
October 2020. This assessment is different from the previous semesters due to
the pandemic situation of Covid-19.

Details of the student:


Name: SYAZA EMMYSHYA BINTI ZAHARUDIN
Matrix no: 2020853022
Lecturer’s name: DR NAJMAH BINTI P.S. HASSAN
Submission date:

Evaluation criteria:
Total marks: 20
Marks given:
Report ------/15
Skill -----/ 5

CHM457_OCTOBER 2020_ODL LAB ASSESSMENT


Experiment 2: Preparation of 4-methylcyclohexene from dehydration of 4-
methylcyclohexanol

Read and understand the procedure in the lab manual and watch the given video by following
the given link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09CDqovJgKA
This video demonstrates the preparation of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol. Students can also
view other related videos to understand this procedure and answer the following questions.

Objectives
i. To prepare 4-methylcyclohexene from 4-methylcyclohexanol
ii. To determine percetage yield of 4-methylcyclohexene

Chemicals and apparatus


Based on the lab manual:
i. List all the chemicals used
- 7.5 ml 4-methylcyclohexanol
- 2.0 ml of 85% phosphoric acid
- 30 drops (0.40 ml) concentrated sulfuric acid
- 1 or 2 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution
-

ii. Show/Draw simple distillation set up with complete labelling of apparatus

Results and Disscussion


i. What is the purpose of the simple distillation?
To separate mixture of miscible liquids into its components based on volatility differences and
the processes of vaporization and condensation.
ii. What is the role of the condenser in the distillation?
To cool the vapors of the components of the mixture, allowing them to condense to liquid
form and be collected.

CHM457_OCTOBER 2020_ODL LAB ASSESSMENT


iii. Why saturated NaCl (brine) is used to wash the distillate (crude 4- methylcyclohexene)?
To seperate and remove water from 4-methylcyclohexene with Pasteur pipet.

vi. What is the purpose of using anti bumping granules during distillation?

Anti-bumping granules prevent explosive boiling, as they provide a large surface area for


bubbles to form on and to make the boiling of a substance smoother.

iv. Calculate the theoretical mass of the product 4-methylcyclohexene


Mol of 4-methylcyclohexanol:
n = 18.81g / 114.2 g mol-1
= 0.1647 mol
Mol of 4-methylcyclohexene

n = 0.1647 mol × 96.17 g mol-1


Mass of 4-methylcyclohexene
= 0.1647 mol × 96.17 g mol-1
= 15.84 g

vi. Calculate the yield of the product if 4.55 g of 4-methylcyclohexene was produced
experimentally.
%yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%
= ( 4.55 / 15.84 ) × 100%
= 28.72%

vii. Give the expected observation when alkene is tested with


*Bromine in CCl4
Reddish brown of bromine become colourless.

*KMnO4 solution
Purple colour of KMnO4 decolourised and brown precipitate formed

CHM457_OCTOBER 2020_ODL LAB ASSESSMENT


Conclusion:
In this experiment, 4-methylcyclohexene was formed from 4-methycyclohexanol by
dehydration reaction in present of phosphoric acid.The yield obtained from the original 15.84
g of 4-methylcyclohexanol was 4.55 g of 4-methylcyclohexene, giving a percentage of
28.72%. A reason that yield wasn’t higher may have been that water was in the condensing
flask. During the distillation process the temperature did rise to be over 95° C and that means
water was present with the cyclohexene.

References:
i. MyTutor. (n.d.). How do anti-bumping granules work? Retrieved November 03, 2020, from
https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/56036/A-Level/Chemistry/How-do-anti-bumping-
granules-work/

ii. (n.d.). Retrieved November 03, 2020, from https://findanyanswer.com/what-is-the-


purpose-of-the-condenser-in-distillation

Questions:

Answer questions 2 given in the lab manual by showing the structures of the major products.

CHM457_OCTOBER 2020_ODL LAB ASSESSMENT

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