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Isc Mathematics Project-1 CLASS-11

The document provides instructions for completing a mathematics project for Class 11. It explains that the project should be completed using black or blue ink on interleaved paper, with a maximum of 10 pages. It should include the student's name, class, school and topic on the first few pages, followed by the project content. When finished, students should submit the project after school reopens. The document also provides examples of expanding binomial expressions using Pascal's triangle and the binomial theorem.

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ayush
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894 views

Isc Mathematics Project-1 CLASS-11

The document provides instructions for completing a mathematics project for Class 11. It explains that the project should be completed using black or blue ink on interleaved paper, with a maximum of 10 pages. It should include the student's name, class, school and topic on the first few pages, followed by the project content. When finished, students should submit the project after school reopens. The document also provides examples of expanding binomial expressions using Pascal's triangle and the binomial theorem.

Uploaded by

ayush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ISC MATHEMATICS

PROJECT-1
CLASS-11
INSTRUCTIONS FOR EXECUTING THE PROJECT

1) USE BLACK/BLUE ONLY FOR WRITING THE PROJECT AND DO NOT USE COLOURED
SKETSH PENS, SPARKLE PENS,ETC.
2) STICKING OF PICTURES RELATED TO PROJECT IS NOT COMPULSORY.
3) STRESS MUST BE ON NEATNESS AND CONTENT.
4) USE INTERLEAF PAGES FOR THE PROJECT. DO THE WRITING IN THE SINGLE LINE
PORTION AND PASTE PICTURES (NOT COMPULSORY) ON THE BLANK PAGES
5) ALL DRAWING MUST BE ON THE BLANK PORTION OF THE PAPER.
6) SUBMISSION AFTER THE SCHOOL REOPENS.

STUDENT CAN IMPROVISE THE PROJECT TO ENHANCE


CREATIVITY AND KNOWLEDGE.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR EXECUTING THE PROJECT
Page-1: Name of School and Stream with session(2020-2021). Name,
Class/Section and Roll number of students.
Page-2: Subject- Mathematics Project-1 and Topic.
Page-3 onward – The Matter of the project
Page-10: Inference. ( What have you learn from this project and how
it is going to help you in future study of Mathematics)

**MAXIMUM PAGE LIMIT FOR THE PROJECT IS 10 PAGES**


Pascal’s Triangle
and the
Binomial Theorem
FACTORIALS
Factorial is denoted by the symbol “!”. The factorial of a number
is calculated by multiplying all integers from the number to 1.
Formal Definition
The symbol n!, is define as the product of all the integers from
n to 1. In other words,
n! = n(n - 1)(n – 2)(n – 3) · · · 3 · 2 · 1
Also note that by definition,
0! = 1
• Example:
COMBINATIONS
Definition
Combinations give the number of ways r element can be selected from n
distinct elements. The total number of combinations is given by, 𝒏𝑪𝒓

and is read as “the number of combinations of n elements selected r at a time.”

The formula for the number of combinations for selecting r from n distinct
elements is,
𝒏 !
𝒏 𝑪𝒓 = 𝒏−𝒓 ! 𝒓 !
The Binomial Theorem
• Strategy only: how do we expand these?
1) (x + 2)2 2) (2x + 3)2 3) (x – 3)3 4) (a + b)4
Solutions:
• 1. (x + 2)2 = x2 + 2(2)x + 22 = x2 + 4x + 4

• 2. (2x + 3)2 = (2x)2 + 2(3)(2x) + 32 = 4x2 + 12x + 9

• 3. (x – 3)3 = (x – 3)(x – 3)2 = (x – 3)(x2 – 2(3)x + 32) =


• (x – 3)(x2 – 6x + 9) = x(x2 – 6x + 9) – 3(x2 – 6x + 9) =
• x3 – 6x2 + 9x – 3x2 + 18x – 27 = x3 – 9x2 + 27x – 27

• 4. (a + b)4 = (a + b)2(a + b)2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2)(a2 + 2ab + b2) =


• a2(a2 + 2ab + b2) + 2ab(a2 + 2ab + b2) + b2(a2 + 2ab + b2) =
• a4 + 2a3b + a2b2 + 2a3b + 4a2b2 + 2ab3 + a2b2 + 2ab3 + b4 =
• a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4

• 5. (a + b)5 = ????????????????????
THAT is a LOT of work!

Isn’t there an easier way?


Introducing: Pascal’s Triangle
Take a
moment to
copy the
first 6 rows.
What
patterns do
you see?
The Binomial Theorem
• Use Pascal’s Triangle to expand (a + b)5.
Use the row that has 5 as its second number
The exponents for a begin with 5 and decrease.
1a5b0 + 5a4b1 + 10a3b2 + 10a2b3 + 5a1b4 + 1a0b5
The exponents for b begin with 0 and increase.
In its simplest form, the expansion is
• a5 + 5a4b + 10a3b2 + 10a2b3 + 5ab4 + b5.
The Binomial Theorem
Use Pascal’s Triangle to expand (x – 3)4.
First write the pattern for raising a binomial to the fourth power.

1 4 6 4 1 Coefficients from
Pascal’s Triangle.

(a + b)4 = a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4

Since (x – 3)4 = (x + (–3))4, substitute x for a and –3 for b.

(x + (–3))4 = x4 + 4x3(–3) + 6x2(–3)2 + 4x(–3)3 + (–3)4

= x4 – 12x3 + 54x2 – 108x + 81

The expansion of (x – 3)4 is x4 – 12x3 + 54x2 – 108x + 81.


The Binomial Theorem
Use the Binomial Theorem to expand (x – y)9.

Write the pattern for raising a binomial to the ninth


power.
(a + b)9 = 9C0a9 + 9C1a8b + 9C2a7b2 + 9C3a6b3
+ 9C4a5b4 + 9C5a4b5 + 9C6a3b6 + 9C7a2b7
+ 9C8ab8 + 9C9b9
Substitute x for a and –y for b. Evaluate each
combination.
(x – y)9 = 9C0x9 + 9C1x8(–y) + 9C2x7(–y)2 + 9C3x6(–y)3
+ 9C4x5(–y)4 + 9C5x4(–y)5 + 9C6x3(–y)6
+ 9C7x2(–y)7 + 9C8x(–y)8 + 9C9(–y)9

= x9 – 9x8y + 36x7y2 – 84x6y3 + 126x5y4


– 126x4y5 + 84x3y6 – 36x2y7 + 9xy8 – y9

The expansion of (x – y)9 is x9 – 9x8y + 36x7y2 – 84x6y3 + 126x5y4


– 126x4y5 + 84x3y6 – 36x2y7 + 9xy8 – y9.
Use The Binomial Theorem to Expand the following:

𝟔
1) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚
𝟏 𝟓
2) 𝟑𝒙 −
𝒚
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓
3) 𝒙
+
𝒚

𝟐 𝟔
4) 𝒙𝟐 −
𝒙
𝟏 𝟓
5) (𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑) 𝒙 −
𝒙
ALL THE BEST
TO
CLASS-11

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