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2017 ®
NATIONAL
ELECTRICAL
ESTIMATOR
E
PL
By Mark C. Tyler
M
SA
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Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank the following individuals and companies for providing materials and
information used in this book.
George H. Booth, Vice President Sales — Graybar Electric Company, Inc.
Steve Koundouriotis — P-W Western, Inc.
Don Geibel — Walker Division of Butler Manufacturing Company.
The tables on pages 439 and 440 are reprinted with permission from NFPA 70®-2017, the
National Electrical Code®, Copyright 2016, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA
02169. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the National Fire
Protection Association on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its
entirety.
National Electrical Code® and NEC® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection
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Association, Inc. Quincy, MA 02169.
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Cover design: Jennifer Johnson
©2016 Craftsman Book Company

ISBN 978-1-57218-326-1
Published December 2016 for the year 2017.

Contents
How to Use This Book ................................5 Section 2: Wire and Cable 88
Copper Building Wire.......................................... 93
Improving Estimating Flexible Cords..................................................... 96
Accuracy and Profits ..................................7 Non-Metallic Cable ........................................... 100
Armored Cable ................................................. 103
Power Cable ..................................................... 104
Section 1: Conduit and Fittings 10 Aluminum Wire ................................................. 105
EMT Conduit....................................................... 17 Steel Messenger Strand ................................... 114
EMT Fittings ....................................................... 18 Wire Connectors ............................................... 115
Flexible Conduit .................................................. 28 Connector Lugs ................................................ 118
Flex Connectors ................................................. 29
Flex Couplings .................................................... 32
Section 3: Outlet Boxes 119
Liquid-Tight Flex Conduit.................................... 33 Handy Boxes and Covers, Switch Boxes ......... 123
Liquid-Tight Flex Connectors.............................. 34 Octagon and Square Boxes ............................. 125
PVC Conduit ....................................................... 37 4" Square Switch Rings and Bar Hangers ........ 129
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Gang Boxes ...................................................... 132
PVC Fittings........................................................ 38
Fiberglass Boxes .............................................. 133
P&C Duct ............................................................ 45
Plastic Boxes .................................................... 140
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P&C Fittings........................................................ 46 Cast Aluminum Boxes ...................................... 143
Plastic Spacers ................................................... 47 Sheet Metal Pull Boxes .................................... 146
ENT Conduit and Fittings ................................... 48 Floor Boxes, Covers, and Accessories............. 153
Galvanized Rigid Steel Conduit and Elbows ...... 49
GRS Elbows and Couplings .............................. 51 Section 4: Lighting Fixtures 157
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GRS Terminations, IMC and Elbows .................. 52 Incandescent Light Fixtures.............................. 161
IMC Elbows, Couplings and Running Thread..... 53 Recessed Light Fixtures ................................... 166
GRS Locknuts and Bushings.............................. 54 Track Lighting ................................................... 168
Exit Fixtures ...................................................... 171
GRS Nipples ....................................................... 55
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Fluorescent Fixtures ......................................... 174

Aluminum Rigid Conduit Elbows & Nipples ........ 58
HID Fixtures...................................................... 181
ARC Nipples ....................................................... 59 Light Poles ........................................................ 195
Metal Entrance Elbows and Conduit Bodies ...... 63 LED Lamps ....................................................... 199
Conduit Body Covers.......................................... 64 Compact Fluorescent Lamps............................ 201
Conduit Body Gaskets and Bodies ..................... 65 Incandescent Halogen, Quartz, LED Lamps .... 202
Galvanized Capped Elbows ............................... 65 HID Lamps........................................................ 204
Galvanized Cast Boxes and Covers ................... 66 Sodium Lamps.................................................. 208
Expansion Fittings .............................................. 68 Fluorescent Lamps ........................................... 210
Reducing Bushings............................................. 69 Ceiling Fans...................................................... 217
Reducing Washers ............................................. 70 218
Section 5: Wiring Devices
Bushed Nipples .................................................. 71
Switches ........................................................... 223
Couplings and Offset Nipples ............................. 72
Single and Duplex Receptacles........................ 237
Couplings and Connectors ................................. 73 Ground & Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters ............ 246
Connectors and Straps ....................................... 75 Power Cord Receptacles and Plugs ................. 248
Conduit Clamps and Entrance Caps .................. 77 Locking Receptacles ........................................ 253
PVC Coated Conduit and Fittings....................... 78 Plastic Locking Connectors and Plugs ............. 255
Hanger Fittings ................................................... 86 Photo Controls .................................................. 259
Steel Channel and Fittings ................................. 87 Wiring Device Plates ........................................ 260

Section 6: Service Entrance Equipment 269 Section 14: Trenching and Excavation 420
Safety Switches ................................................ 275 Trenching and Excavation ................................ 422
Plug Fuses....................................................... 283
Cartridge Fuses ................................................ 285
Circuit Breakers ................................................ 306 Section 15: Surface Raceways 423
Circuit Breaker Enclosures ............................... 315 Steel Raceway, Fittings and Assemblies.......... 426
Meter Sockets and Meter Centers .................... 317
Overhead Distribution Systems ........................ 432
Loadcenters and Panelboards.......................... 322
Signal Cabinets ................................................ 327 Telephone-Power Poles ................................... 436
Wireway and Wireway Fittings ......................... 328
Transformers .................................................... 332 Section 16: Grounding 438
Section 7: Underfloor Raceway 335 Copper Wire and Bushings............................... 442
Junction Boxes and Duct Supports .................. 339 Lugs and Clamps.............................................. 443
Underfloor Raceway Fittings ............................ 341 Ground Rods .................................................... 444
Service Fittings ................................................. 342 Exothermic Connections................................... 445
Section 8: Bus Duct 343

Aluminum ......................................................... 346 Section 17: Assemblies 446
Copper .............................................................. 350 EMT Conduit..................................................... 447
Bus Duct Fittings .............................................. 354 Aluminum Flex Conduit .................................... 451
Bus Duct Plug-in Units...................................... 356
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Steel Flex Conduit ............................................ 455
Section 9: Cable Tray 358 PVC Conduit ..................................................... 459
Galvanized Rigid Conduit ................................. 463
Louvered Tray and Fittings ............................... 361
PL Handy Box Switches......................................... 467
Aluminum Ladder Tray and Fittings.................. 363
Sectional Box Switches .................................... 471
Section 10: Signal Systems 365 Switches, 1 and 2 Gang ................................... 487
Bells, Buzzers and Sirens................................. 367 Boxes and Receptacles .................................... 508
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Beacons and Chimes ....................................... 369 Troffer Fluorescent ........................................... 518
Signal Systems ................................................. 370
Detectors .......................................................... 371
Entry Control..................................................... 372 Section 18: Communications 519
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Communications Cable .................................... 521

Section 11: Precast Concrete
Access Boxes 373 Contacts, Pins, Plugs, Receptacles.................. 528
Subminiature D Connectors ............................. 529
Handholes, Pull Boxes and Manholes .............. 375
Manhole Necking and Transformer Slabs ........ 376 Data Connectors............................................... 532
Baluns............................................................... 533
Section 12: Equipment Hookup 377 Modular Couplers, Jacks, Connectors.............. 534
Motor Hookup and Mechanical Hookup ........... 379
Kitchen Hookup ................................................ 380
Wire Conversion Table ............................... 537
Standby Generator Hookup .............................. 381
Section 13: Motor Control Equipment 382 Section 19: Undercarpet Wiring
Manual Motor Starters ...................................... 384 Systems 538
Magnetic Contactors......................................... 390
Wiring, Cables, Connectors, Accessories ........ 539
Magnetic Starters ............................................. 398
Combination Starters ........................................ 404
Control Stations ................................................ 418 Index ........................................................542

How to Use This Book

This manual is a guide to the cost of installing Medicare), and typical nontaxable fringe benefits
electrical work in buildings. It lists costs to the electri- such as medical insurance.
cal subcontractor for a wide variety of electrical work. If your hourly labor cost is much lower or higher,
Before using any estimate in this book, you costs of installation can be expected to be proportion-
should understand one important point about esti- ately lower or higher than the installation costs listed
mating electrical construction costs. Estimating is an in this book. If your total hourly labor cost is 25 per-
art, not a science. There’s no estimate that fits all cent less, for example, reduce the labor figures in the
work. The manhour estimates in this book will be cost tables by 25 percent to find your local cost.
accurate for many jobs, but remember that no two The Craft@Hrs column shows the recommended
jobs are identical. And no two crews complete all crew and manhours per unit for installation. For
tasks in exactly the same amount of time. That’s why example, L2 in the Craft@Hrs column means that
electrical cost estimating requires exercising good we recommend a crew of two electricians. L1 means
judgment. Every estimate has to be custom-made for that a crew of one electrician is recommended.
the specific job, crew and contractor. No estimating Costs in the Labor Cost column are the result of mul-
reference, computerized cost estimating system or tiplying the manhours per unit by the rate of $39.84
estimating service can take into consideration all the per hour.
variables that make each job unique. For example, if the Craft@Hrs column shows
This book isn’t meant to replace well-informed [email protected], the Labor Cost column will show $9.96.
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decisions. But when supplemented with an estima- That’s .250 manhours multiplied by $39.84 per man-
tor’s professional evaluation, the figures in this manhour and rounded to the nearest penny.
Divide the manhours per unit into 8 to find the
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ual will be a good aid in developing a reliable cost of
number of units one electrician can install in one 8-
electrical systems.
hour day: 8 divided by .250 equals 32 units per day.
'17 Multiply that amount by the number of crew members
Or go online to to find the number of units the crew is likely to install
www.craftsman-book.com, click on "Support," then in an 8-hour day. For example, if the crew is two elec-
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click on "Tutorials" to view an interactive video for tricians, multiply 32 by 2 to find that the crew can be
National Estimator. expected to install 64 units in an 8-hour day.
Some tasks require less labor under certain con-
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ditions. For example, when conduit is run in groups,

less labor is required for each 100 linear feet. It’s the
estimator’s responsibility to identify conditions likely
to require more or less labor than the standard for
the type of work being estimated.
This book lists both the labor cost per installed
unit and the manhours required for installation.
Labor Costs Manhours are listed in hundredths of an hour rather
than minutes, making it easier to calculate units.
The labor costs listed in this manual will apply to
most jobs where the hourly wage in effect is the Material Costs
same or similar to the following rates: Material prices in this book are based on actual
Journeyman Electrician costs in late 2016, with projections to mid-2017
Base Wage........................................$30.25 per hr. based on the author’s judgment. Prices are neither
“retail” nor “wholesale” costs. Instead, they’re intend-
Taxable Fringe Benefits at 5.48%.........$1.66 per hr.
ed to reflect typical costs to electrical contractors
Taxes & Insurance at 19.86%...............$6.36 per hr. who buy at electrical supply houses in mid-2017.
Non-taxable Fringe Benefits at 4.84%...$1.47 per hr. Volume purchases may cost less because many
Total Labor Cost....................................$39.84 per hr. dealers offer quantity discounts to good customers.
The total hourly cost includes the basic wage, tax- Expect prices to vary with location, terms demanded,
able fringe benefits (vacation pay), workers’ compen- services offered, and competitive conditions.
sation insurance, liability insurance, taxes (state and Prices in this manual are not representative of
federal unemployment, Social Security and shelf prices for electrical materials at big box building
5
material retailers − and for good reason. Most elec- ing costs, freight costs not absorbed by the supplier,
trical contractors don’t buy from big box retailers. utility company charges for installation and service,
They buy from specialized electrical material dealers special insurance and bonds, power equipment
who offer the selection, service and terms that elec- other than small tools, mobilization to remote sites,
trical contractors expect. Big box retailers stock limit- demobilization, nonproductive labor, and nonworking
ed quantities, no more than a few hundred electrical supervisors. If these costs are significant and can be
SKUs, specialize in commodity-grade merchandise determined, add them to your estimate. If not, you
and are generally not set up to meet the needs of
should exclude them and specify clearly that they’re
professional electrical contractors.
not a part of your bid.
Material costs in this book include normal waste. If
waste of materials or breakage is expected to exceed All Tables Assume “Good” Conditions
3 to 5 percent of the materials used on the job,
This means that there are few or no unusual con-
include a separate allowance for excessive waste.
ditions to delay production. Conditions are good
Material delivery cost to the job site isn’t included when work is performed during usual working hours
in this book. When delivery cost is significant and in relatively clean surroundings and in readily acces-
can be identified, add that cost to these figures. sible areas not over 12 feet above the finish floor.
Please note that the cost of some electrical mate- The temperature is between 50 and 85 degrees F.
rials is highly volatile. For example, copper wire Electricians are working no more than 8 hours a day,
prices have been known to fluctuate 10 percent or 5 days a week.
more in one month. There’s no reliable way to fore-
cast price movements like this. If you’re bidding on a Good conditions require that all tools and materi-
project that has a quantity of copper products, you als be available on the job site when needed. Tools,
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may want to add a qualification to your bid proposal including power tools, are assumed to be in good
which would allow you to pass on a pricing increase working order. Where power tools are appropriate,
(or decrease), based upon the actual materials pric- it’s assumed that temporary power is provided. Add
ing at the time of purchase. This way, you can use
PL the cost of temporary power when it’s furnished at
the current price quoted at the time of your bid, your expense.
but still leave the door open to any major pricing
fluctuations. Proper supervision makes a big difference in labor
productivity. The tables assume there is adequate
Add Sales Tax supervision but make no allowance for nonproductive
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No state or local sales tax is included in material labor — supervisors who direct but do no installation.
prices listed here. Sales tax varies from area to area If you plan to have nonproductive supervision on the
and may not be applicable on purchases for some job, add that cost to the figures in this manual.
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types of projects. Add at the appropriate rate when Conditions are seldom “good” when the work area
sales tax is charged on materials bought for the job. is confined, or when a short construction schedule
makes it necessary for many trades to work at the
Add Overhead and Profit same time. The usual result will be stacks of material
To complete the estimate, add your overhead and obstructing the work space and several tradesmen
expected profit. Many contractors add an additional competing for access at the point of installation.
10 to 15 percent for profit to yield an acceptable
return on the money invested in the business. But no If the conditions on the job you’re estimating aren’t
profit percentage fits all jobs and all contractors. expected to be “good,” adjust the labor figures in this
Profit should be based on the current market in each book as appropriate. Occasionally, larger jobs can be
user’s local area. done faster because specialized equipment or crews
can be used to good advantage. This will usually
For some electrical contractors, overhead may add
reduce the installation cost. More often, conditions are
as little as 10 percent to the labor and material cost.
less than “good.” In that case, labor costs will be higher.
But routinely adding 10 percent for overhead is poor
estimating practice. Overhead should be based on There’s no accepted way to decide how much
each user’s built-in costs. It’s the estimator’s responsi- “bad” conditions will increase the labor hours needed.
bility to identify all overhead costs and include them in But it’s accepted estimating practice to assign a cost
the estimate, either as a lump sum or as a percentage multiplier of more than 1.0 to a job that can be
of the total labor and material cost. expected to require more than the usual amount of
labor per unit installed. For example, if conditions are
Other Costs to Add less than “good” only in minor respects, you might
A few other costs are excluded from the figures in multiply labor costs by 1.10. If conditions are very
this manual: electrical building permits, special hoist- poor, a multiplier of 1.50 or more may be appropriate.
6
Other Factors That Affect Productivity installers should install one fixture while the “grunt”
below prepares the next. Conduit should be prefabri-
This book’s tables assume that the crew used for
cated on the ground from measurements taken by the
the job is the smallest crew appropriate for the work
electricians on the scaffold. The assistant should
at hand. Usually this means that the crew is one
bend the conduit and hand it up to the installer.
journeyman electrician.
Most experts on the productivity of construction These labor savings are obvious to anyone who’s
trades agree that the smallest crew that can do the job done this type of work, and are assumed in this
is usually the most efficient. For example, it’s foolish to book’s labor tables.
have two men working together setting duplex recep-
tacles — one handing tools and material to the other
The Electrician
as needed. Only one of them would be working at any This book’s labor hours are typical of what a
given time. It’s more productive to use two one-man trained and motivated journeyman electrician with 5
crews, each working independently. years of experience will do on most jobs. It’s
Of course, there are exceptions. Sometimes a assumed that the installer can read and follow plans
crew of one takes twice as long as a crew of two. and specifications and has the ability to lay out the
When pulling feeder cable or setting floor-standing work to code.
switchboards or motor control centers, more help It shouldn’t make any difference whether the work
usually cuts the labor cost per installed unit. Some is in a hospital, a grocery store, a wood mill or a
jobs simply can’t be done by a crew of one. small convenience store. An experienced journey-
When work is done on a scaffold, someone should man electrician should be able to handle the work at
be on the ground to chase parts and equipment and the rates shown here even though the materials and
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prepare lighting fixtures for hanging. It wastes man- code requirements differ. But you’ll have to make
power to have an electrician leave the scaffold and allowances if your installers are only familiar with res-
return when parts or tools are needed. Scaffold idential work, and the job at hand is something else.
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Improving Estimating Accuracy & Profits
It’s been said that electrical estimators learn by Labor Availability
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making mistakes. The best estimators are the ones
who’ve made the most mistakes. Once you’ve made Labor in each locale may not always be readily
every mistake possible, you’re a real expert. available. Prior to bidding any project, make an eval-
I can’t subscribe 100 percent to that theory, but I uation of the available work force. You may need to
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know that there are plenty of pitfalls for unsuspecting make staffing or salary adjustments for the duration
electrical estimators. This section is intended to sug- of that project. Your work force evaluation will help
gest ways to spot potential problems before they you prepare for adding another workman, or adjust-
become major losses. It’ll also recommend steps ing a current employee’s salary and benefits to com-
you can take to increase the profit on most jobs. pete with rates in your area.
Labor Productivity Handling Inspections
Improving output even slightly can result in major The on-site supervisor or foreman should be respon-
cost savings. Cutting only a minute or two off the sible for dealing with all inspectors. Don’t let others cir-
installation time for each duplex receptacle or handy cumvent the supervisor’s or foreman’s authority.
box can reduce the labor cost by several hundred to
a thousand dollars a job. Getting better productivity An inspector’s only job is to see that the installa-
from your electricians should be a primary concern tion complies with the code. They aren’t supervisors
for every electrical contractor. and don’t direct the work. They can and do interpret
Assuming your electricians are experienced, well- the code and sometimes make mistakes. Encourage
trained, and have all the tools and materials they need the foreman or supervisor to take issue promptly
to complete the work, the most significant increase in with a questionable interpretation. Ask the inspector
productivity will probably be through motivation. to cite a specific code as his reference. If the inspec-
The best form of motivation for most electricians tor insists that his interpretation is correct, and if you
is to encourage pride in the work they do. Every alert believe it’s wrong, call the building official to initiate
supervisor knows the value of recognizing a job well an appeal. Your trade association or the National
done. Acknowledging good work builds confidence Electrical Contractors’ Association may also be able
and encourages extra effort in the future. to persuasively argue in your favor.
7
Some inspectors have a reputation for being ment. On many jobs, the general contractor has the
impossible to deal with. Aggressive enforcement of right to backcharge subs for removal of their dis-
questionable code interpretations can severely hurt cards if they don’t clean the site themselves.
project productivity. Following the code carefully will Encourage your crews to do their cleanup while
keep you out of most compliance arguments. Every installation is in progress. For example, each time a
electrician and electrical supervisor must know the
fixture is removed from a carton, the tradesman should
code. Code classes are taught at continuation
collapse the carton and throw it on the discard pile. It
schools in many communities. You can take code
takes slightly more time to dispose of trash this way,
classes to both understand how the code is applied
but cleanup is less likely to be forgotten.
and to remain current on code changes.
Some contractors and subcontractors have a rep-
Mobilization and Demobilization utation for running a dirty job. You’ve probably seen
Many electrical subcontractors have job shacks sites that are so cluttered that you can’t understand
and lockup boxes that can be moved onto the job for how anyone could work efficiently. Of course, as the
storing tools and materials. Some larger firms have electrical contractor, you can’t dictate to the general
trailers that can be moved from job to job. No matter contractor or the other subcontractors. But the work
what type of on-site storage you use, setting up habits of others affect your productivity, and conse-
takes time. The bigger the job, the more time will quently, your profit.
probably be needed. I believe that if accumulated debris is slowing
Usually the first step is getting permission to set up progress on the job, it’s within your rights to discuss
your storage area on the site. Sometimes storage it with the general and the other subs. Request a
space is at a premium. Some city projects literally meeting, right in the middle of the clutter. That alone
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have no storage space until parts of the building are may do the trick.
completed and can then be used. Occasionally tools
If you don’t insist on a clean site, the fire depart-
and equipment will have to be stored off site. This can
ment probably will. A clean job is more efficient and
require daily mobilization and demobilization, which
PL safer. A cluttered job costs everyone time and money.
increases your labor cost substantially. Be sure your
estimate includes these costs. Production
Demobilization usually takes less time and costs
No matter how simple and quick you anticipate
less than mobilization. Removing the surplus materi-
them to be, most jobs will have some production
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al, tools and equipment can be done by helpers or
problems. Every job is unique. Every job brings
material handlers rather than electricians.
together skilled tradesmen with varying preferences
One important item in mobilization is temporary and habits. Some have never worked together
electrical service. Be sure you know who pays for
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before. Yet each must coordinate the work he does

installation of temporary power and who pays for with those who precede him and those who follow.
power used on site during construction. It’s common It’s normal to expect that some adjustments will be
for the electrical contractor to cover the cost of electri- needed before cooperation becomes routine.
cal distribution and service. Installation is usually done
by your electricians and will have to pass inspection. Of course, the general contractor is the key to
cooperation among the trades. A general who
Most communities require temporary electrical
schedules trades properly will have fewer problems
permits prior to starting work. Before applying for the
and will help all subcontractors earn the profit
permit, contact the electric utility provider and request
they’re hoping for. This isn’t automatic. And some
a meeting with whoever coordinates extensions of
general contractors never learn how to schedule
service — usually the planner. Before your meeting,
determine what size service you need. The planner properly. From an estimating prospective, it’s more
will tell you what voltage is available and where the expensive to work for a contractor who has sched-
point of connection will be. Don’t end this meeting with uling problems than it is to work for a contractor
the planner until you’ve covered every requirement who’s efficient at job coordination. If you anticipate
and procedure imposed by the electric utility. production problems like this on a job, your esti-
mate should reflect it.
Job Cleanup Good supervision helps avoid most production
Trash and debris that obstructs access to (and problems. Try to schedule material deliveries in a
on) the job site can make good production next to timely manner. Have the right tools on hand when
impossible. That alone should be encouragement to needed. Keep crews as small as possible. Don’t
regularly dispose of accumulated waste. Most speci- work your crews more than 40 hours a week unless
fications require that subcontractors remove unused absolutely necessary. Too many bodies and too
materials, cartons, wrappers and discarded equip- many hours will erode production.
8
If you’re using a larger crew, don’t have everyone Specialization lets you hire electricians who are
work at the same time. Instead, break the crew into specialists, too. That tends to improve productivity,
two units and encourage friendly competition between keep costs down, and improve profits — as long as
the two. Offer a reward for the winning crew. you’re handling work that’s within your specialty.
Coordination is easier and the profits will usually
Corrections be higher if you work for a limited number of general
This book’s tables assume that little or no time is contractors. Some contractors seem to be masters
spent making corrections after the work is done. at putting a project together. These same contrac-
Electrical contractors should have very few callbacks. tors probably pay promptly and treat their subs fairly.
If you’re called back often to replace faulty materials That makes your job easier and tends to fatten your
or correct defective workmanship, one of four things is bottom line. If you’ve found several contractors who
happening. First, you could be working for some very make life more pleasant for you, keep them supplied
particular contractors or owners, or handling some with competitive bids that’ll bring more work into both
very sensitive work. In that case, callbacks could be your shop and theirs.
part of the job and should be included in each esti- Most electrical contractors don’t bid government
mate. Second, you could be installing substandard work. It’s a specialty that requires specific knowl-
materials. Third, your electricians could be doing hap- edge: complying with detailed general conditions,
hazard work. Finally, your installation procedure could observing regulations, anticipating inspection criteria
be omitting fixture and circuit tests that could locate and following administrative procedures. And every
problems before the owner finds them. branch of federal, state and local government has its
When qualified electricians install quality materials, own requirements. Those who’ve mastered the pro-
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the risk of a callback is small. Occasionally a ballast cedures usually do quite well when work is plentiful.
will fail after 10 or 20 hours in use. And sometimes an But government work is a tide that rises and falls just
owner’s negligence will damage a circuit or switch. like that of general construction.
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When this happens, accept the service work as rou-
Bid Shopping
tine. Complete it promptly at no extra charge.
Consider it cheap advertising — a chance to establish Many contractors prefer projects that require sub-
your reputation with the owner. You could turn the contractor listings. The general contractor must list the
service call into some extra work later. subcontractors he plans to use, and has to use the
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subs he lists. When listing of subs isn’t required, in
Your Type of Work some cases the general contractor shops for lower
subcontract bids right up to the time work begins.
Most electrical contractors prefer to handle specif-
Even if the general has to list his subs in the contract
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ic types of work. Only a few have the capital, equip- with the owner, he’ll still usually have a month or two
ment and skills needed to handle the largest jobs. to shop bids after the contract is awarded.
Most will do residential wiring because that’s the
most plentiful work available. Some prefer private When a general contractor uses your bid to land a
work with as little government interference as possi- job, it’s normal to expect that your company will get
ble. Others bid only government jobs. the contract. Giving all your competition a second
look at the job is in no one’s interest but the general
The most profitable electrical contractors special- contractor’s. It’s a waste of time to bid for general
ize in one type of work or customer. The electrical contractors who shop their sub bids. Nor is it good
construction field is too broad to do everything well. practice to undercut another electrical contractor
Select an area that you feel comfortable with, and whose estimate was used by the winning general
concentrate on doing it as well or better than anyone contractor. Support the effort of reputable subcon-
else. Of course, some of the older and larger electri- tractors who promote subcontractor listing at bid time.
cal shops will do almost any type of work. But nearly
every electrical contractor prefers some class of job Need More Help?
over all others — and would take only that work if This book is concerned primarily with labor and
there was enough available to stay busy. material costs for electrical construction. You’ll find
Observe the electrical contractors in your area. only limited information here on how to compile an
Notice the companies that seem to be busiest and estimate. If you need a detailed explanation on how
most profitable. See what class of customers they to make a material take-off and complete the bid,
service or what type of work they do most. It’s proba- another book by this publisher may be helpful. You
bly easier to follow the success of another contractor can read about and purchase Estimating Electrical
who’s found a winning formula than it is to invent a Construction Revised using the order form bound
new formula yourself. into the back of this book.
9
Section 1:
Conduit and Fittings
Every electrical estimator should be familiar with of conduit. Exposed conduit should be installed
the National Electrical Code®. Nearly all inspection horizontal or vertical and should run parallel to
authorities follow NEC® recommendations on what building members. Concealed conduit should be
is and what is not good electrical construction prac- run in the shortest direct line to reduce the length
tice. Most inspection authorities accept electrical of run. Long runs waste materials, require exces-
materials that comply with NEC standards. But sive labor and, if long enough, can reduce the volt-
some cities and counties have special require- age available at the load end.
ments that supplement the current NEC. Others
are still following an older edition of the NEC. The
NEC is revised every three years to incorporate
Electrical Metallic Tubing
changes deemed necessary to keep the code up- EMT is also known as thin wall or steel tube.
to-date. EMT conduit is nonferrous steel tubing sold in 10-
Be aware of the version of the NEC that applies foot lengths. Unlike water pipe, the ends aren’t
at each job you’re estimating, and stay current on threaded. The conduit has a corrosion-resistant
special requirements that the inspection authority coating inside and outside. This coating may be
may impose. hot-dipped galvanizing, electroplating, or some
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other material. The conduit sizes are ½", ¾", 1",
Job specifications usually state that all work 1¼", 1½", 2", 2½", 3", 3½" and 4".
must comply with the NEC. But on many jobs the
NEC sets only the minimum standard. Job specifi-
cations may prohibit what the NEC permits. For
PL Many types of EMT fittings are available. There
are elbows, compression, set screw, indent and
example, job specs might require specific installa- drive-on fittings which may be made of steel or die
tion methods or mandate specification grade fix- cast. Couplings and connectors are sold separately
tures. and not included in the price of the conduit.
Various types of connectors may be purchased
The National Electrical Code classifies all
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with or without insulated throats. The locknuts for
enclosed channels intended to carry electrical con-
the connectors are included in the cost of the con-
ductors as “raceway.” This includes conduit,
nector.
busway and wireway. The most common raceway
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is electrical conduit. The code identifies the size Couplings are available for joining EMT to rigid
and number of conductors that can be run through metal conduit and to flexible conduit. These cou-
each size of conduit. plings are available in compression, set screw and
Conduit is intended to serve two purposes. First, drive-on type and are made of steel or die cast.
it’s a protective shield for the conductor it carries. It EMT conduit is sold without couplings. You have
reduces the chance of accidental damage to the to figure the number of couplings needed and price
wire or insulation. Second, it protects people and them separately. To figure the number needed,
property from accidental contact with the conduc- allow one coupling for each 10 feet of conduit.
tors. A ground or short is both a safety and a fire Then add one coupling for each factory-made
hazard. elbow.
Conduit is generally required in commercial and EMT should be bent with a special conduit ben-
industrial buildings, hospitals, hotels, office build- der. The bender has a shoe that fits over and
ings, stores and underground facilities. It’s not gen- around about half of the conduit to keep the con-
erally used in wiring homes and apartments. duit from collapsing as it bends. With a bender it’s
Several types of electrical conduit have been easy to produce smooth, consistent bends up to 90
approved for electrical construction. Each is degrees. Hand benders are used on sizes from ½"
designed for a specific purpose or use. All conduit to 1¼" . EMT bending machines are available for all
used in electrical construction as a raceway for sizes of conduit. There are manual, hydraulic and
conductors must bear a label issued by the electrically driven machines.
Underwriter’s Laboratories. The UL label indicates Offsets are made to take EMT conduit around
that the product has been approved for use under obstructions, and when needed, to align the con-
the National Electrical Code. duit at a box or cabinet. You can make offsets with
The NEC permits a maximum of four bends a hand bender on sizes up to 1¼". Offsets in EMT
totaling 360 degrees between terminations in a run conduit over 1¼" should be made with a machine.
10
In smaller sizes, conduit can be cut with a tubing in concealed locations but never underground or in
cutter. Cut larger diameters with a hacksaw or by concrete. It’s cut with a special flex cutter, a hand
machine. Cut ends must be reamed to remove the hacksaw, or with a power cutter such as a portable
burrs made while cutting. Burrs can damage insu- band saw. The inside cut edge must be reamed to
lation when wire is pulled through the conduit. remove cutting burrs which would damage insula-
Ream with a pocket knife or pliers on smaller sizes tion when wire is pulled through conduit.
and with a metal file or pipe reamer on larger sizes. Flex connectors are available with set screw,
EMT must be supported so it doesn’t deflect on screw-in, clamp type, straight, or angled connec-
longer runs. Straps and nailers are the most com- tors. They’re made of steel or die cast. Insulated
mon way of supporting EMT. Straps usually have connectors are also available. Die cast flex cou-
one or two holes for securing to the building. Most plings are available for joining flex to flex, flex to
inspection authorities won’t let you support EMT on EMT, or flex to threaded conduit. Support flex with
plumber’s perforated metal tape. Straps come in conduit straps or nailers.
thin steel, heavy duty steel or malleable types. Most inspection authorities require that a bond-
There are special straps made of spring steel for ing conductor be installed when electrical wiring is
supporting small sizes of EMT to hanger rods or run in flex. Bonding ensures that there’s electrical
drop ceiling wires. continuity in the flex from one end to the other.
EMT conduit should be supported at least every Some specifications restrict the use of flex to
10 feet with a strap or hanger and within 18 inches short connections to equipment that is subject to
of every junction box or cabinet. vibration (such as motors and machinery) and for
Other supports include beam clamps for attach- built-ins, recessed lighting, and lay-in lighting fix-
ing conduit to structural steel members and straps tures.
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for mounting EMT on steel channel strut. These Flex conduit is popular in remodeling work
two-piece straps or clamps are inserted into the where wiring in raceway has to be run through an
strut and bolted together to hold the conduit in existing cavity wall or in a ceiling cavity. With a little
place.
PL effort, your installer can fish the flex from point to
EMT can be installed inside or outside, in con- point without opening the wall or ceiling.
crete or masonry, exposed or concealed in walls,
floors or ceilings. But be sure to use the correct fit- Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit
tings in wet locations. EMT is not approved for PVC conduit is approved by the NEC for many
most types of hazardous locations. Some specs
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types of applications. But there are some situations
limit the use of EMT to dry areas and don’t allow where it cannot replace metallic conduit. It’s not
placement in masonry or concrete. Conduit placed approved for hazardous locations or in return air
in concrete floor slab is generally placed below the plenums. Check with the inspection authority for
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reinforcing bar curtain or between curtains when other restrictions. The standard length is 10 feet
two curtains are used. Tie the conduit to the rebar and sizes range from ½" to 6". Schedule 40 PVC is
to prevent shifting as the concrete is placed.
the standard weight. Schedule 80 has a heavier
Where conduit is turned up above the surface of wall. PVC can be installed directly underground,
the concrete, the radius of the turn must be con- concrete encased underground, exposed, in con-
cealed. Part of it can be concealed in a wall, but crete walls, and in unit masonry.
none should be visible after the building finish has One coupling is furnished with each length of
been installed. conduit and is usually attached to the conduit. PVC
As with all types of conduit, EMT should be must be bent with a special hot box which heats
installed with a minimum of damage to the struc- the conduit until it becomes pliable. Once heated to
ture. Keep it clear of heating, ventilating and air the right temperature, the tube is bent and then
conditioning ducts, fire sprinkler systems, plumbing allowed to cool. PVC fittings fit both Schedule 40
lines, access doors, etc. When necessary, the and 80 conduit. Couplings, terminal adapters,
installer will have to make offsets and bends so the female adapters, expansion fittings, end bells,
conduit fits into devices, electrical boxes and cabi- caps, conduit bodies, pull boxes, outlet boxes and
nets. elbows require a special cement. The glue is air-
drying and comes in half-pints, pints, quarts, and
gallon containers. The smaller containers have a
Flexible Metal Conduit brush attached to the cap for applying the cement
to the conduit or fittings. PVC conduit can join
There are several types of flex conduit: standard
other types of conduit if you use the right fittings to
wall steel flex, reduced wall steel flex, and alu-
tie the two types together.
minum flex. It comes in diameters from 3/8" to 4"
and is coiled in rolls of 100 feet in the small sizes PVC is nonconductive. That makes a bonding
and 25 feet in the larger sizes. Flex is usually used conductor necessary to ensure electrical continuity
11
from the device to the service panel. You probably ters up to 6". Another good choice for GRS up to 6"
won’t need a bonding conductor when PVC is used is a threading set that uses a tripod vise stand and
as communications conduit or in some application a threading head that clamps to the pipe in the vise
that doesn’t include electrical wiring. When stand. The threading head is turned with a univer-
installed exposed, PVC requires extra support to sal joint connected to a power vise. Another set
keep it from sagging. uses a tripod vise stand to hold the conduit. The
threading head clamped on the conduit is turned
Some job specs restrict use of PVC to specific with a reduction gear assembly powered by an
locations. One common restriction is to limit PVC electric drill. This rig works well on diameters over
to underground installations encased in a concrete 2".
envelope. Many specifications restrict its use to
certain applications. Use enough cutting oil to keep the die cool and
lubricated during thread cutting. Cutting oil comes
PVC conduit can be cut with a hand hacksaw, a in clear or dark and in small cans, gallons and bar-
wood crosscut saw, or with a power cutting rels. Use an oil can to keep a film of oil ahead of
machine. The inside cut edge should be reamed to the dies. Commercial oiling units hold about a gal-
remove the cutting burr. Use a pocket knife or a lon of cutting oil and recirculate oil back to the
file. cutting teeth as oil drips into the catch basin. Most
Power and communications duct is usually threading machines have automatic oilers that filter
called P&C duct. It’s made of PVC in 25-foot the oil as it’s reused.
lengths and in diameters from 1" to 6". There are Elbows are available for all sizes of GRS. Long
two types of P&C duct. One is called EB for radius bends are available for the larger sizes.
encased burial. The other is DB for direct burial. Some specifications require concentric bends for
Fittings for P&C duct include couplings (one is fur- all exposed conduit installed parallel on a common
E
nished with each length), end bells, caps and hanging assembly or trapeze.
plugs, terminal adapters, female adapters, elbows,
and expansion fittings. The elbows are available in GRS fittings include couplings, locknuts, bush-
ings, one-hole straps, two-hole straps, heavy duty
PL
various shapes and with either long or short radii.
Fittings can be used either on type EB or DB. Use two-hole straps, expansion fittings, threadless
a special cement to weld the fittings to the conduit. compression couplings, threadless set-screw cou-
plings, threadless compression connectors, thread-
Bend P&C duct with a hot box. It can be cut with less set-screw connectors, three-piece union-type
the same tools as PVC conduit. The inside cut couplings, strut clamps, beam clamps, hanger
edge must be reamed to remove the cutting burr.
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clamps, condulets, split couplings, caps, and plugs.
P&C duct is used for underground systems only, Galvanized rigid conduit is bent about the same
never above ground. way as EMT except that the bender is made for
ABS underground duct is used and installed the bending rigid conduit. Hand benders are used on
SA
same as PVC P&C duct. It requires a special ABS conduit up to 1". There are hand benders for 1¼"
cement to weld the fittings to the conduit. The job and 1½" rigid steel conduit, but it takes a lot of
specifications or the utility company may require effort to make the bend. Power benders can be
either P&C, ABS or PVC duct, depending on the used on all sizes of conduit, even the ½".
specific use. There are three common types of rigid steel
benders: one-shot benders create a single stan-
Galvanized Rigid Conduit dard radius arc. Segment benders must be moved
GRS or RSC (for rigid steel conduit) is made with along the conduit as each few degrees of bend are
nonferrous metal and has a corrosion-resistant made. The electric sidewinder bender has up to
coating on the inside. The outer coating is either three bending shoes in place ready to bend any of
hot-dipped galvanizing or electroplate. It comes in three sizes of conduit. The sidewinder saves labor
diameters from ½" to 6" and in 10-foot lengths with on larger rigid conduit jobs.
a thread on each end. A coupling is furnished on one Supports for rigid conduit must be no more than
end of each length. GRS can be cut with a hand 10 feet apart from support to support and within 18
hacksaw, a pipe cutter, or with a cutting machine. inches of junction boxes or cabinets.
The inner cut edge must be reamed to remove the Trapeze hangers are often used to carry multi-
burr. Use a pipe reamer or a file. ple runs of GRS conduit. Trapeze hangers can be
After the pipe has been cut and reamed, it can made from strut, angle iron, or channel iron. The
be threaded. Use a hand die for threading on a trapeze is supported from the structural frame of
small job. Where there’s more cutting and thread- the building with threaded rod — usually either 3/8"
ing to be done, use a threading machine. Several or ½" diameter. The upper part of the rod is
types are available. Small portable electric thread- attached to beam clamps or concrete anchors. The
ing tools cut sizes up to 2". Larger threading lower portion of the rod is run through the trapeze
machines can cut, ream and thread conduit diame- and is secured with double nuts and flat washers.
12
Like other hangers, trapezes have to be placed same horizontal line as the size, you’re going to list
within 10 feet of each other and should be sized to lengths of EMT of that diameter. Then you’ll go to
support the total weight of the conduit and all the next larger diameter, listing quantities until all
cable. Trapeze hangers can be stacked one over EMT on the plans has been covered.
the other with conduit clamped on each one.
Check the plan scale before you start measuring
conduit. If the plan has been reduced photographi-
IMC Conduit cally to save paper, the scale will be inaccurate.
Intermediate metal conduit (IMC) has a thinner Once you’re sure of the correct scale, select the
wall than GRS. It comes in the same sizes and appropriate map measure or rule to compute con-
uses the same fittings as GRS. The same tools duit lengths.
can be used for cutting, threading, and bending. Measure the length of each run of ½" EMT. Add
It's made about the same way as GRS, comes in enough conduit to include the run down to the wall
10-foot lengths and is galvanized for corrosion switch, receptacle or panel. Write down the calcu-
resistance. The difference is that IMC is lighter and lated length. As each run is listed on your take-off
easier to install than GRS. Some specifications sheet, put a check mark on the plan over the line
restrict its use to specific applications. you just measured. Use an erasable color pencil
and let each color stand for a particular conduit
PVC Coated Conduit type. For example, red might be for GRS conduit.
Both GRS and IMC conduit come with a PVC Follow the same color code on all estimates to
coating for use in highly corrosive locations. avoid mistakes.
Aluminum tubing also comes with a PVC coating,
but applications are restricted to specific uses. The If there are more than two or three plan sheets,
E
PVC coating is either 10, 20 or 40 mils thick, and is it’s good practice to calculate the length of ½" EMT
bonded directly to the conduit wall. Most fittings on each plan sheet and list that number separately
made for use with GRS are available with a PVC on your take-off form. When you’ve finished taking
coating.
PL off ½" EMT on the first plan sheet, list that quantity,
To thread PVC coated conduit, the PVC coating and at the top of the column write in the plan sheet
must be cut back away from the end to be thread- number. Then draw a vertical line to the right of
ed. When PVC coated conduit is put in a vise, be that column and start accumulating lengths from
sure the coating is protected from the vise jaws. the next plan sheet. As each plan page is taken off,
Also be careful when you're bending PVC coated enter the total and write the plan sheet number at
M
conduit not to damage the coating. If the coating is the top of the column. Figure 1-1 shows what your
damaged, patching material is available to restore take-off might look like if conduit and fittings are
the surface. The material comes in a spray can. found on plan sheets E3 to E11.
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Apply several thin layers to repair worn spots. When all of the smallest-diameter EMT has
been listed, go on to the next larger size. Follow
Conduit Take-Off the same procedure.
Here's how to calculate conduit quantities. First, After listing all EMT, begin with the fittings.
scan the specs that cover conduit and conduit Below the last horizontal line used for conduit, and
installation. Absorb all the information that relates to the left of the vertical line, write the word
to conduit. Then review the drawings for anything “Connectors.” Below that, list all sizes of connec-
about conduit. The symbol list may include the
tors needed for the job, again working from the
engineer's design notations. Notes on the drawings
smallest size to the largest. Don’t bother to list the
or in the specs may set specific minimum conduit
couplings. They’ll be figured later from the total
sizes. It's common for an engineer to require a
conduit length — one for each 10 feet and one for
minimum size conduit in the home run to the panel
or cabinets or to specify a minimum size of ¾" each elbow.
throughout the job. It’s also common practice to Count each connector needed for each conduit
limit the maximum size of EMT to 2". Ignoring a run on each plan sheet. Enter the total on your
note like that can be expensive. take-off form. When all connectors are counted,
For your quantity take-off, use any ruled 8½" by count EMT elbows from 1¼" to the largest size
needed.
11" tablet. Draw a pencil line down the left side of
the sheet about an inch from the edge. Begin by Follow this system for all estimates and for each
looking for the smallest diameter of EMT. Write item on every estimate. Keep it simple and uniform
“EMT” at the top left of your take-off sheet. On the to avoid mistakes and omissions. When finished,
next line down, to the left of the vertical line, list your conduit and fitting take-off form might look like
the smallest EMT size found in the project — prob- Figure 1-1. The right column is the sum of the
ably ½". To the right of the vertical line and on the columns to the left.
13
Work Sheet Estimate No.: M351

Conduit / Fittings
E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 Total
½" EMT 550 420 200 90 290 130 190 320 2190
¾" 20 30 20 80 150
1" 3 5 50 58
1¼" 30 30
1½" 90 90
2" 4 16 20
½" Conn 76 52 124 47 48 16 14 18 395
¾" 4 26 4 19 2 55
1" 4 5 2 2 13
1¼" 2 2
1½" 4 4
2" 2 4 6
1¼" Elb 2 2
1½" 3 3
2" 3 3
½" PVC 310 380 50 740
¾" 120 100 220 50 490
1" 40 320 40 400
E
1¼" 180 180
1½" 60 75 135
2" 10 25 70 75 180
4"
PL 150 150
½" FA 45 30 4 79
¾" 4 4 12 2 22
1" 2 17 2 21
1¼" 0
M
1½" 4 2 6
2" 2 2 2 6
½" TA 5 5
¾" 4 4
SA
1" 1 1
½" Elb 50 30 4 84
¾" 2 2 16 2 22
Figure 1-1
Many jobs limit the use of EMT to dry locations. dure until the wire needed in all EMT has been
So your EMT take-off will probably start with the computed. But watch for changes in the wire size
lighting plans or the lighting portion of the plan. on long runs. Sometimes the engineer will decide
that a larger wire size is needed in the first portion
Taking Off the Wire of a run to reduce the voltage drop at the end of
the line. This is common where the last device or
Next, compute the quantity of wire needed. fixture on a circuit is a long way from the panel.
Head up another take-off form with the word “Wire”
at the top. Put a vertical line down the left side of Follow the same procedure for all conduit and
the page about an inch from the left edge. In this wire. Record all of the measurements on the work
margin, list wire sizes from the smallest to the sheets. Don’t worry about waste of conduit or wire
largest. To the right of the vertical line you’ll list at this point. We’ll include an allowance for waste
lengths for each wire gauge, on each plan sheet. after the totals are added and before figures are
transferred to the pricing sheets.
Start by measuring the length of ½" EMT with
two #12 wires. Multiply by 2 to find the wire length. Sometimes the specifications or a note on the
Then measure the length of ½" EMT with three #12 plans will allow the use of aluminum feeder wire
wires and multiply by 3. Keep following this proce- over a certain size, providing the ampacity of the
14
wire is maintained and the conduit size is increased These types of conduit are seldom specified
to accommodate the larger wire size. Be sure to today. You’ll see them used only when an old duct
observe these restrictions. line has to be extended. It may be hard to find a fit-
ting that will join an existing duct system made with
one type of duct to a new run of duct made from
Taking Off Other Conduit some other material. Sometimes an oversize plas-
Some specifications permit the use of aluminum tic coupling can be used. In some cases an inside
conduit in certain locations. The aluminum conduit plastic coupling can be inserted into the old con-
is made in the same sizes as GRS. The fittings are duit. Then new conduit can be joined to start the
identical except that they’re made of aluminum new run.
instead of steel. Most specs prohibit the use of dis- Before extending an old underground duct sys-
similar metals in a conduit run and don’t allow plac- tem, check the old conduit with a mandrel to be
ing of aluminum conduit in concrete. Aluminum sure the line is clean and clear. Old fiber duct that’s
conduit saves time because it’s lighter and easier been under water for a long time will swell, making
to handle. But large wire sizes may be a little more the inside diameter too small to pull new cable.
difficult to pull in aluminum conduit. The insulation
of the wire, the length of the conduit run, and the Silicon-bronze conduit comes in sizes from ½"
pulling lubricant used have an effect on pulling to 4". It’s threaded like GRS and uses similar fit-
resistance. tings, except that fittings are silicon-bronze also. It’s
used in extremely corrosive locations. This type of
When taking off the underground conduit, start a conduit will be available from your dealer on special
separate work sheet for trenching, surface cutting, request only. It’s harder to bend, but can be bent
breaking, and patching. List all excavation for with standard rigid bending tools. It threads very
underground pull boxes, handholes, manholes, well with the standard threading tools and cutting
E
poles, and light pole bases. Be sure the trenches oil.
are big enough for the number of duct they have to Liquid-tight flexible metal conduit comes in
carry. If the specifications require concrete or sand sizes from ½" to 4". It’s used to extend conduit to
PL
encasement around underground duct, calculate electrical equipment in damp or wet locations.
the amount of concrete or sand as you compute Special fittings are available for connecting electri-
measurements for each trench. cal systems and devices with this conduit. Your
Be systematic. Follow the same procedure con- dealer probably stocks a limited supply of liquid-
sistently on every take-off. If there are other estima- tight flex and will quote prices on request. The con-
M
tors in your office, be sure they are using the same duit can be cut with a hacksaw. Be sure to remove
procedures. Being consistent reduces errors, mini- the cutting burr. Special connectors with grips are
mizes omissions, and makes the work easier for available to support the conduit and prevent any
others to check. pulling strain.
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We’ve covered all common conduit. But some Liquid-tight flexible non-metallic conduit
other types are used occasionally for special pur- comes in sizes from ½" to 1½". It’s used in place of
poses: flexible metal conduit in concealed locations.
Special fittings are available for making connec-
Fiber duct is a paper and creosote duct. Type 1 tions. Your dealer may have a limited supply in
is intended for concrete encasement and Type 2 is stock.
used for direct burial. Sizes range from 2" to 5".
Flexible metallic tubing is available only in
Lengths can be 5, 8 or 10 feet. End fittings are
sizes from 3/8" to 3/4". Special fittings are available
tapered. Ends that have been cut must be tapered
for making connections. The tubing can be bent by
with a duct lathe.
hand and is cut with a hacksaw. The cutting burr
Transite duct is cement asbestos duct. Type 1 must be removed before connectors are installed.
is for concrete encasement and Type 2 is for direct Other UL-approved raceways for electrical sys-
burial. Sizes range from 2" to 6". It’s made in 5, 8 tems are covered in other sections of this book.
and 10-foot lengths. Transite is harder to cut and See the sections on surface metal raceway, under-
must have tapered ends for fittings. floor ducts, header ducts, cable tray, and wireway.
Soapstone duct is made from a soapstone-like
material in sizes from 2" to 4".
Using the Conduit Tables
Wrought iron pipe comes in sizes from 2" to 4".
It’s used only for certain types of underground com- The labor tables that follow are for conduit runs
that average 50 feet. You’ll note that there is no
munications lines and has to be threaded on each
modification in the tables for shorter runs or longer
end to accept fittings. runs of conduit. I agree that it takes more time per
Clay conduit comes in sizes from 2" to 4". It’s linear foot to install a 5-foot run of conduit than it
used for underground communication runs only. does to install a 95-foot run of conduit. But I don’t
15
recommend that you tally shorter runs and longer that takes from two days to several years, you can
runs separately and then compute labor separately use the labor units in the tables that follow. Of
for each. There’s an easier way. course, you’ll still have to modify the figures for
On most jobs the conduit runs average 50 feet. other than “good” conditions. And if you have long
There will usually be about as many runs under 50 runs of feeder conduit with parallel runs on a com-
feet as there are runs over 50 feet. It’s safe then, to mon trapeze, you can reduce those labor units by
use a 50-foot run as our benchmark. As long as as much as 40 percent.
the conduit runs on a job average close to 50 feet,
there’s no need to modify the figures in these Pitfalls
tables. If conduit runs average well over 50 feet, The most common error when estimating con-
consider reducing the cost per linear foot slightly. duit is failing to read the plans and specs. Read
Increase the cost slightly if conduit runs average carefully! Your profit depends on it. It’s easy to
less than 50 feet. miss a little note where the designer sets the mini-
The labor costs that follow include the labor mum size for conduit at ¾" and 1" for all home runs
needed to bore holes in wood stud walls. Where to the panel. Look for a note on the plans that
holes have to be cut through concrete or unit requires stub ups to ceiling cavities from power
masonry, add these costs separately. and lighting panels. The designer may require one
¾" conduit run for each three spare circuit breakers
Typical conduit bending is included in the tables
in a panel.
that follow. Usually you will have a bend or offset
about every 20 feet. Labor needed to make bends It’s common for rigid conduit to be installed in a
and offsets is minor when installing the smaller concrete floor slab. Where GRS is stubbed up out
sizes of conduit. of the concrete for a wall switch, it’s easier and
cheaper to use EMT for the wall extension. The
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Concealed conduit is installed where it will be
NEC permits making that extension in EMT. But
inaccessible once the structure or finish of the
some specs don’t! Others require that a junction
building is completed. Exposed conduit is
box be used to separate the two types of conduit.
attached to the surface where access is possible
PL Failing to catch that note can be an expensive mis-
even after the building is completed. It’s usually
take.
faster to run concealed conduit through wall and
ceiling cavities that will be covered later by finish You’ll find all sorts of restrictions in specs and
materials. Installing conduit on surfaces that won’t notes on the plans. That’s why it’s so important to
be covered later usually takes more time. read the plans and specs carefully. It’s elementary,
M
but it’s so often overlooked.
If only a small percentage of the conduit is to be
installed exposed, the cost difference will be minor
and probably can be ignored. But if most of the job Waste of Material
SA
is exposed, add about 20 percent to the labor cost. There will always be some waste on a job.
The conduit tables that follow assume that elec- Rounding off the conduit and wire needed to the
tricians are working from ladders and lifts up to 12 next even 100 feet will usually allow enough extra
feet above the floor. Add to the labor cost for material to cover all waste. But there are some
heights beyond 12 feet. If a large quantity of con- cases where you can anticipate a waste problem.
duit has to be installed at 18 feet above the floor, For example, suppose there will be 2 feet of waste
for example, add 15 percent to the labor cost. for every 20 feet of conduit installed because of an
unusual lighting pattern. Or suppose a row of junc-
If there are conduit runs over 20 feet above the tion boxes is spaced at 9 feet. Then a 10 percent
floor, check your labor contract for a high time waste allowance may be called for. That’s almost
clause. Some agreements require that electricians certainly true if your job is installing the lighting
be paid time and one-half for heights from 20 to 50 only. There may be no chance to use waste mate-
feet and double time for heights beyond 50 feet. If rials on another part of the job.
high time must be paid, be sure the extra cost is
covered in your bid.
Allowances
Be sure to make allowances for the vertical por-
Job Size Modifiers tion of every conduit run that stubs up or down in a
It’s seldom necessary to estimate lower produc- wall. The floor plan doesn’t show the 4 or 5 feet
tivity just because the job is small. If you’re figuring needed to run from the slab to the wall switch or
a very small job with only four or five conduit runs, panel. Even worse, if the job is a warehouse, the
each with only a strap or two, you might want to stub up to a switch or panel may be 15 to 20 feet.
use a higher hourly labor rate. On any other job That’s a wide miss! Watch for stub up.
16
Electrical Metallic Tubing
Material Labor Installed
Material Craft@Hrs Unit Cost Cost Cost
EMT conduit in floor slab or multiple runs on a trapeze

1/2" [email protected] CLF 59.80 129.00 188.80
1" [email protected] CLF 190.00 159.00 349.00
1-1/4" [email protected] CLF 288.00 179.00 467.00
2-1/2" [email protected] CLF 707.00 359.00 1,066.00
3" [email protected] CLF 867.00 398.00 1,265.00
3-1/2" [email protected] CLF 1,260.00 438.00 1,698.00
4" [email protected] CLF 1,280.00 478.00 1,758.00
EMT conduit in concealed areas, walls and closed ceilings

E
2" [email protected]
PL CLF 434.00 319.00 753.00
M
EMT conduit installed in exposed areas

SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT conduit installed in a building under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed
are for each 100 linear feet installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include typical
bending, boring out wood studs and joists (in concealed locations only), layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for connectors,
couplings, straps, boxes, wire, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Conduit
runs are assumed to be 50’ long. Shorter runs will take more labor and longer runs will take less labor per linear foot.
EMT Hand Benders are on page 27.
17
EMT Fittings
EMT 45 degree elbows

1" [email protected] Ea 8.67 2.39 11.06
1-1/4" [email protected] Ea 10.90 3.19 14.09
EMT 90 degree elbows

E
2-/2" [email protected] Ea 57.00 5.98 62.98
PL Ea 134.00 9.96 143.96
Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT elbows installed on EMT conduit in a building under the conditions described on pages 5
and 6. Costs listed are for each elbow installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs are
for factory-made elbows and include layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for field bending, couplings and connectors at the
end of the run, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume
purchase of full box quantities.
M
Conduit weight per 100 feet (in pounds)

EMT ENT PVC Rigid Intermediate Rigid
SA
Diameter steel plastic 40 steel rigid steel aluminum

1/2" 30 11 18 79 57 30
3/4" 46 14 23 105 78 40
1" 66 20 35 153 112 59
1-1/4" 96 — 48 201 114 80
1-1/2" 112 — 57 249 176 96
2" 142 — 76 334 230 129
2-1/2" 230 — 125 527 393 205
3" 270 — 164 690 483 268
3-1/2" 350 — 198 831 561 321
4" 400 — 234 982 625 382
5" — — 317 1344 — 522
6" — — 412 1770 — 678
18
EMT Connectors
Indent EMT connectors

1/2" [email protected] Ea .73 1.99 2.72
3/4" [email protected] Ea 1.34 2.39 3.73
Die cast set screw EMT connectors

E
Insulated die cast set screw EMT connectors
3/4" [email protected]
PL Ea 1.14 2.39 3.53
M
SA
Steel set screw EMT connectors

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT connectors installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6.
Costs listed are for each connector or expanded elbow installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour.
These costs include the connector locknut, removing the knockout, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for insulated
bushings, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume
Indenter tools are on page 22.
19
EMT Connectors
Insulated steel set screw EMT connectors

Die cast compression EMT connectors, raintight

E
PL Ea 7.39 5.98 13.37
M
Insulated die cast compression EMT connectors, raintight

SA

Costs listed are for each connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs
include the connector locknut, removing the knockout, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for insulated bushings, sales tax,
delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume purchase of full box
quantities.
20
EMT Connectors
Steel compression EMT connectors, raintight

1" [email protected] Ea .29 3.19 3.48
1-1/4" [email protected] Ea .65 3.98 4.63
Insulated steel compression EMT connectors, raintight

E
PL Ea 1.75 5.98 7.73
M
Die cast indent offset EMT connectors

SA
Die cast set screw offset EMT connectors

Costs listed are for each connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs
include the connector locknut, removing the knockout, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for insulated bushings, sales tax,
quantities.
Indenter tools are on page 22.
21
EMT Connectors and Couplings

Steel compression offset EMT connectors, raintight

Indent EMT couplings

Die cast set screw EMT couplings

E
3-1/2"
PL
[email protected] Ea 11.80 7.97 19.77
Indenter tools
M
With jaws for 1/2" EMT — Ea 47.00 — 47.00
With jaws for 3/4" EMT — Ea 65.40 — 65.40
Replacement points, 1/2" EMT — Ea 3.55 — 3.55
Replacement points, 3/4" EMT — Ea 3.70 — 3.70
SA
Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT connectors and couplings installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages
5 and 6. Costs listed are for each coupling or connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per
manhour. These costs include the connector or coupling, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for conduit, sales tax, delivery,
supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Drive-on EMT fittings are rated as raintight and are also
concrete tight. They are threaded with a standard electrical pipe thread and can be adapted easily to rigid conduit or other threaded fittings.
Material costs assume purchase of full box quantities.
22
EMT Couplings
Set screw steel EMT couplings

Die cast compression EMT couplings, raintight

E
PL Ea 3.03 5.98 9.01
M
Steel compression EMT couplings, raintight

SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT couplings installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs
listed are for each coupling installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include the
coupling, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for conduit, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization,
cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Compression fittings are raintight and can be used in concrete. Material costs assume purchase of full
box quantities.
23
EMT Couplings and Straps

Die cast EMT to flex couplings

Steel EMT to GRS compression couplings, raintight

Steel EMT nail straps

1/2" [email protected] Ea .13 .80 .93
E
1" [email protected] PL Ea .18 1.99 2.17
Steel one hole EMT straps

M
SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT couplings and EMT straps installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on
pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each coupling and strap installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per
manhour. These costs include cutting the EMT conduit, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add the cost of conduit, sales tax,
quantities.
24
EMT Straps
One hole heavy duty steel EMT straps

One hole malleable EMT straps

E
PL Ea 24.80 5.98 30.78
Two hole steel EMT straps

M
SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT straps installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs
listed are for each strap installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include cutting
the EMT conduit, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add the cost of conduit, screws or nails to hold the straps, sales tax,
quantities.
25
EMT Straps, Hangers and Clips

Two hole heavy duty steel EMT straps

Steel EMT conduit hangers with bolt

E
PL Ea 1.98 5.98 7.96
Beam clamp EMT conduit hanger assembly

M
SA

EMT Strut Clamp

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT straps, hangers and clips installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages
5 and 6. Costs listed are for each strap, hanger or clip installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour.
These costs include cutting the EMT conduit, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add the cost of conduit, screws or nails to hold
the straps, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume
26
EMT Clips, Adapters, Elbows, Caps and Benders

EMT clips for rod, wire, or steel flange

EMT split adapters

Die cast 90 degree EMT elbows

E
1-1/2" [email protected]
PL Ea 61.70 5.98 67.68
90 degree EMT short elbows

M
SA
Slip-fitter EMT entrance caps

EMT hand benders

1/2" — Ea 32.60 — 32.60
3/4" — Ea 70.70 — 70.70
1" — Ea 79.00 — 79.00
Use these figures to estimate the cost of items shown above installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6.
Costs listed are for each item installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include the
connector locknut, removing the knockout when required, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for conduit boxes, insulated
bushings, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume
27
Flexible Conduit
Flex steel conduit

Flex aluminum conduit

E
1-1/4" [email protected]
PL CLF 99.90 129.00 228.90
M
Use these figures to estimate the cost of flexible conduit installed in a building, and for equipment hookup under the conditions described
SA
on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each 100 linear feet installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per
manhour. These costs include boring or notching wood studs and joists (in concealed locations), cutting flex conduit, layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for connectors, couplings, straps, boxes, wire, bonding wire, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization,
demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Conduit runs are assumed to be 25' long. Labor costs per linear foot will be higher on
shorter runs and lower on longer runs.
28
Flexible Conduit Connectors

Die cast screw-in flex connectors

Insulated die cast screw-in flex connectors

E
2" [email protected] PL Ea 5.05 5.98 11.03
Die cast squeeze flex connectors

M
SA
Use these figures to estimate the cost of flexible conduit connectors installed on flex conduit under the conditions described on pages 5
and 6. Costs listed are for each connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs
include the locknut, removing the knockout, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for connectors, couplings, straps, boxes,
wire, bonding wire, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume
purchase of full boxes.
29
Squeeze Flexible Conduit Connectors

Insulated die cast squeeze flex connectors

Malleable squeeze flex connectors

E
PL
Insulated malleable squeeze flex connectors
M
SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of flexible conduit connectors installed on flex conduit under the conditions described on pages 5
and 6. Costs listed are for each connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs
include the locknut, removing the knockout, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for conduit boxes, insulated bushings, sales
tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume purchase of full boxes.
30
Copper 600 Volt Non-metallic Sheathed Cable

Type UF 600 volt copper stranded direct burial cable with ground
#14-2 [email protected] KLF 717.00 199.00 916.00
#12-2 [email protected] KLF 1,090.00 209.00 1,299.00
# 8-2 [email protected] KLF 1,750.00 279.00 2,029.00
#14-3 [email protected] KLF 983.00 209.00 1,192.00
Type SEU 600 volt copper stranded service entrance cable

E
# 1-3 [email protected]
PL KLF 14,000.00 717.00 14,717.00
#1/0-3 [email protected] KLF 17,400.00 797.00 18,197.00
M
#4/0-3 [email protected] KLF 30,300.00 1,040.00 31,340.00
# 6-2 & 8-1 [email protected] KLF 3,910.00 518.00 4,428.00
SA
Use these figures to estimate the cost of copper UF and SEU cable installed underground, and SEU in buildings, under the conditions
described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of
$39.84 per manhour. These costs include circuit make-up, reel set-up, phase identification, circuit testing, stripping, layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for trenching supports, connectors, the SEU service entrance cap, sales tax, delivery, supervision,
mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Always bury a warning tape about 12 inches above UF cable.
101
Copper 600 Volt Non-metallic Sheathed Cable

Type SER 600 copper cable, style U

# 1/0-3 & 2-1 [email protected] KLF 25,700.00 876.00 26,576.00
# 2/0-3 & 1-1 [email protected] KLF 32,300.00 956.00 33,256.00
# 3/0-1/0-1 [email protected] KLF 40,400.00 1,040.00 41,440.00
# 4/0-2/0-1 [email protected] KLF 50,900.00 1,120.00 52,020.00
Soft drawn solid bare copper wire

#14 [email protected] KLF 162.00 159.00 321.00
E
# 8 [email protected] KLF 650.00 189.00 839.00
# 6 [email protected] KLF 1,140.00 199.00 1,339.00
PL
Soft drawn stranded bare copper wire
#6 [email protected] KLF 1,240.00 199.00 1,439.00
M

SA
# 1/0 [email protected] KLF 5,190.00 438.00 5,628.00

Use these figures to estimate the cost of copper SEU service entrance cable and bare copper wire installed in buildings, under the
conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor
cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include circuit make-up, reel set-up, phase identification, circuit testing, stripping, layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for connectors, supports, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead
and profit. Note: The NEC permits installation of bare copper wire in conduit with conductors. But bare copper wire installed outside conduit
must be protected against damage. Some dealers sell bare copper wire by weight rather than length. The table at the bottom of the page
shows weights per 1,000 linear feet.
Approximate weight per 1000' for soft drawn bare copper wire (pounds)
Size Weight Size Weight
#14 solid 12.40 #2 stranded 204.90
#12 solid 19.80 #1 stranded 258.40
#10 solid 31.43 #1/0 stranded 325.80
#8 stranded 50.97 #2/0 stranded 410.90
102
Copper Armored Cable (BX)

Copper solid armored (MC) cable

Copper stranded armored (MC) cable

E
# 4-4 [email protected]
PL KLF 26,400.00 956.00 27,356.00
Copper solid armored (MC) cable with bare copper ground

M
Copper stranded armored (MC) cable with bare copper ground

SA
Anti-short bushings
3/4" [email protected] Ea .21 .80 1.01
MC connectors, 1 screw squeeze type

3/8" standard cable [email protected] Ea 1.49 1.99 3.48
3/8" oversize cable [email protected] Ea 2.00 1.99 3.99
MC connectors, 2 screw
Use these figures to estimate the cost of copper MC cable installed in buildings under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs
listed are for each 1000 linear feet of cable, bushing or connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84
per manhour. These costs include boring, notching, stripping, circuit makeup, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for
supports, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: the NEC and your local code
restrict the ways MC can be used.
103
Single Conductor Copper Power Cable

5000 volt cross-linked polyethylene non-shielded copper

(XLP) power cable
# 4/0 [email protected] KLF 15,000.00 1,120.00 16,120.00
#350 KCMIL [email protected] KLF 25,600.00 1,350.00 26,950.00
5000 volt cross-linked polyethylene tape shielded copper

(XLP) power cable
E
# 4/0 [email protected]
PL KLF 21,800.00 1,120.00 22,920.00
# 350 KCMIL [email protected] KLF 32,700.00 1,350.00 34,050.00
15000 volt ethylene-propylene-rubber tape shielded copper

M
(EPR) power cable
SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of medium-voltage copper power cable used for the primary service under the conditions described
on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. The crew is two electricians for sizes to #1 and three or four
electricians for sizes over #1. Cost per manhour is $39.84. These costs include fishing string, reel set-up, pulling gear set-up, phase
identification, pulling compound, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for terminations, splices, fire-proofing, high-potential
testing, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: These figures assume that cable
is pulled in conduit runs of 100 feet or less and that three conductors are pulled at the same time. Keep medium-voltage cable sealed
against moisture at all times.
104
600 Volt Aluminum Wire

Type THW 600 volt 75 degree stranded aluminum wire

# 250 KCMIL [email protected] KLF 6,160.00 717.00 6,877.00
E
PL
Type THHN-THWN 600 volt 90 degree stranded aluminum wire
M
SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of aluminum THW and THHN-THWN wire installed in conduit under the conditions described on
pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. The crew is two electricians for sizes to #1 and three electricians for
sizes over #1. The labor cost per manhour is $39.84. These costs include fishing string, reel set-up, pulling gear set-up, phase
identification, pulling compound, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for splicing, anti-oxidation compound, sales tax, delivery,
supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: These figures assume that wire is pulled in conduit runs of
100 feet or less and that three conductors are pulled at the same time. Use anti-oxidation compound on all aluminum connections. The
ampacity of copper wire is greater than the ampacity of aluminum wire of the same size. Check the NEC before substituting aluminum wire
for copper wire. Terminations for aluminum wire must be made with approved fittings.
See Wire Conversion Table on Page 537

Copper To Aluminum Wire Ampacities
105

Type XHHW cross-linked polyethylene 600 volt 90 degree

(XLP) aluminum wire
E
#1000 KCMIL [email protected]
PL KLF 24,400.00 1,200.00 25,600.00
Type USE, RHH-RHW 600 volt cross-linked polyethylene

(XLP) aluminum wire
# 6 [email protected] KLF 910.00 359.00 1,269.00
M
SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of aluminum XHHW wire installed in conduit or USE RHH-RHW wire installed under the conditions
described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. The crew is two electricians for sizes to #1 and three
electricians for sizes over #1. The labor cost per manhour is $39.84. These costs include fishing string, reel set-up, pulling gear set-up,
phase identification, pulling compound, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for splicing, anti-oxidation compound, sales tax,
delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: The figures for XHHW wire assume that wire is
pulled in conduit runs of 100 feet or less and that three conductors are pulled at the same time. Use anti-oxidation compound on all
aluminum connections. Type USE, RHH-RHW wire is approved for use overhead, direct burial or in underground duct systems. The
ampacity of copper wire is greater than the ampacity of aluminum wire of the same size. Check the NEC before substituting aluminum wire
for copper wire. Terminations for aluminum wire must be made with approved fittings.
106
600 Volt Aluminum Cable and Wire

Type SEU 600 volt plastic jacket service entrance aluminum cable
# 4-2 & 6 [email protected] KLF 5,230.00 478.00 5,708.00
# 1/0-3 [email protected] KLF 11,300.00 757.00 12,057.00
Type SE-SER 600 volt plastic jacket aluminum cable
E
# 8-3 #2 Gr [email protected] KLF 3,270.00 438.00 3,708.00
# 2-3 #4 Gr [email protected]
PL KLF 6,130.00 637.00 6,767.00
# 1/0-3 #2 Gr [email protected] KLF 9,220.00 797.00 10,017.00
# 2/0-3 #2 Gr [email protected] KLF 10,900.00 876.00 11,776.00
M
# 3/0-3 #1/0 Gr [email protected] KLF 13,400.00 956.00 14,356.00
# 4/0-3 #2/0 Gr [email protected] KLF 15,500.00 1,040.00 16,540.00
Weatherproof polyethylene 600 volt solid aluminum wire

SA
Code Name
#6 Apple [email protected] KLF 1,080.00 319.00 1,399.00
#4 Pear [email protected] KLF 1,230.00 359.00 1,589.00
#2 Cherry [email protected] KLF 1,620.00 398.00 2,018.00
Use these figures to estimate the cost of aluminum service entrance cable installed under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6.
Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. The crew is two electricians working at the cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs
include stripping, phase identification, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for service entrance cap, anti-oxidation compound,
supports, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Use anti-oxidation compound
on all aluminum connections. The ampacity of copper wire is greater than the ampacity of aluminum wire of the same size. Check the NEC
before substituting aluminum wire for copper wire. Terminations for aluminum wire must be made with approved fittings.
See Wire Conversion Table On Page 537

Copper to Aluminum Wire Ampacities
107
Weatherproof polyethylene 600 volt stranded aluminum wire

Code Name Strands
#6 Plum 7 [email protected] KLF 327.00 319.00 646.00
#4 Apricot 7 [email protected] KLF 425.00 359.00 784.00
#2 Peach 7 [email protected] KLF 558.00 369.00 927.00
#1/0 Quince 7 [email protected] KLF 789.00 398.00 1,187.00
#2/0 Orange 7 [email protected] KLF 1,040.00 410.00 1,450.00
#3/0 Fig 7 [email protected] KLF 1,290.00 478.00 1,768.00
#4/0 Olive 7 [email protected] KLF 1,780.00 518.00 2,298.00
600 volt aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) aluminum wire

Code Name Strands
#6 Walnut 6 [email protected] KLF 993.00 319.00 1,312.00
#4 Butternut 6 [email protected] KLF 1,340.00 359.00 1,699.00
#4 Hickory 7 [email protected] KLF 1,290.00 359.00 1,649.00
#2 Pignut 6 [email protected] KLF 1,950.00 398.00 2,348.00
E
#2 Beech 7 [email protected] KLF 2,090.00 398.00 2,488.00
#1/0 Almond 6 [email protected] KLF 2,400.00 478.00 2,878.00
#2/0 Pecan 6 [email protected]
PL KLF 2,850.00 518.00 3,368.00
#3/0 Filbert 6 [email protected] KLF 3,420.00 558.00 3,978.00
#4/0 Buckeye 6 [email protected] KLF 4,020.00 598.00 4,618.00
600 volt cross-linked polyethylene (XLP) solid aluminum wire

M
Code Name
#6 Apple-XLP [email protected] KLF 495.00 319.00 814.00
#4 Pear-XLP [email protected] KLF 734.00 359.00 1,093.00
SA
#2 Cherry-XLP [email protected] KLF 1,100.00 398.00 1,498.00

Use these figures to estimate the cost of aluminum wire installed on overhead supports under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6.
Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. For wire other than ACSR, the crew is two electricians for wire up to #2 and four
electricians for wire over #2. For ACSR wire on overhead poles, use four electricians on wire to #2 and five electricians on wire over #2.
The labor cost is $39.84 per manhour. These costs include reel set-up, pulling gear set-up, tensioning, layout, material handling, and
normal waste. Add for insulators, terminations, line hardware, anti-oxidation compound, pre-formed ties, sales tax, delivery, supervision,
mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Use anti-oxidation compound on all aluminum connections, fittings and
lugs. The ampacity of copper wire is greater than the ampacity of aluminum wire of the same size. Check the NEC before substituting
aluminum wire for copper wire. Terminations for aluminum wire must be made with approved fittings.

108
600 volt cross-linked polyethylene (XLP) stranded aluminum wire

Code Name Strands
#6 Plum-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 377.00 319.00 696.00
#4 Apricot-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 425.00 359.00 784.00
#2 Peach-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 628.00 398.00 1,026.00
#1/0 Quince-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 920.00 478.00 1,398.00
#2/0 Orange-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 1,310.00 518.00 1,828.00
#3/0 Fig-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 1,640.00 558.00 2,198.00
#4/0 Olive-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 1,780.00 598.00 2,378.00
600 volt cross-linked polyethylene ACSR aluminum wire

Code Name Strands
#6 Walnut-XLP 6 [email protected] KLF 1,060.00 319.00 1,379.00
#4 Butternut-XLP 6 [email protected] KLF 573.00 359.00 932.00
#4 Hickory-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 1,230.00 359.00 1,589.00
#2 Pignut-XLP 6 [email protected] KLF 773.00 398.00 1,171.00
E
#2 Beech-XLP 7 [email protected] KLF 934.00 398.00 1,332.00
#1/0 Almond-XLP 6 [email protected] KLF 1,100.00 478.00 1,578.00
#2/0 Pecan-XLP 6 [email protected]
PL KLF 1,230.00 518.00 1,748.00
#3/0 Filbert-XLP 6 [email protected] KLF 1,560.00 558.00 2,118.00
#4/0 Buckeye-XLP 6 [email protected] KLF 1,830.00 598.00 2,428.00
600 volt polyethylene duplex aluminum service drop wire

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Code Name Strands
#6 Pekingese 1 [email protected] KLF 1,040.00 478.00 1,518.00
#6 Collie 7 [email protected] KLF 1,120.00 438.00 1,558.00
SA
#4 Spaniel 7 [email protected] KLF 1,520.00 558.00 2,078.00

#2 Doberman 7 [email protected] KLF 2,460.00 637.00 3,097.00
#1/0 Malamute 19 [email protected] KLF 3,880.00 717.00 4,597.00
600 volt triplex aluminum service drop wire, ACSR

Code Name Strands
#4 Oyster 7 [email protected] KLF 2,500.00 558.00 3,058.00
#2 Clam 7 [email protected] KLF 3,210.00 637.00 3,847.00
#1/0 Murex 7 [email protected] KLF 4,920.00 717.00 5,637.00
#2/0 Nassa 7 [email protected] KLF 5,730.00 797.00 6,527.00
#4/0 Portunas 19 [email protected] KLF 8,910.00 956.00 9,866.00
Use these figures to estimate the cost of aluminum wire installed on overhead supports under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6.
Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. For wire other than ACSR, the crew is two electricians for wire up to #2 and four
electricians for wire over #2. For ACSR wire on overhead poles, use four electricians on wire to #2 and five electricians on wire over #2.
The labor cost is $39.84 per manhour. These costs include reel set-up, pulling gear set-up, tensioning, layout, material handling, and
normal waste. Add for insulators, terminations, line hardware, anti-oxidation compound, pre-formed ties, sales tax, delivery, supervision,
mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Use anti-oxidation compound on all aluminum connections, fittings and
lugs. The ampacity of copper wire is greater than the ampacity of aluminum wire of the same size. Check the NEC before substituting
aluminum wire for copper wire. Terminations for aluminum wire must be made with approved fittings.

109
600 Volt Aluminum Service Drop Wire
600 volt triplex aluminum service drop wire, ACSR

Code Name Strands
#6 Paludina 1 [email protected] KLF 1,830.00 558.00 2,388.00
#6 Voluta 7 [email protected] KLF 2,160.00 558.00 2,718.00
#4 Periwinkle 7 [email protected] KLF 2,930.00 637.00 3,567.00
#2 Conch 7 [email protected] KLF 4,210.00 717.00 4,927.00
#1/0 Neritina 7 [email protected] KLF 5,680.00 797.00 6,477.00
#1/0 Cenia 19 [email protected] KLF 6,170.00 797.00 6,967.00
#2/0 Runcina 7 [email protected] KLF 6,460.00 956.00 7,416.00
#4/0 Zurara 19 [email protected] KLF 10,100.00 1,120.00 11,220.00
600 volt triplex aluminum service drop wire with reduced neutral
Code Name Strands
#4 Scallop 1 [email protected] KLF 2,500.00 637.00 3,137.00
#4 Strombus 7 [email protected] KLF 2,920.00 637.00 3,557.00
#2 Cockle 7 [email protected] KLF 3,760.00 717.00 4,477.00
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#1/0 Janthina 7 [email protected] KLF 5,600.00 797.00 6,397.00
#2/0 Clio 19 [email protected] KLF 7,130.00 956.00 8,086.00
#4/0 Cerapus 19 [email protected] KLF 10,200.00 1,120.00 11,320.00
PL
600 volt quadruplex aluminum service drop wire
Code Name Strands
#4 Pinto 7 [email protected] KLF 3,590.00 717.00 4,307.00
M
#2 Mustang 7 [email protected] KLF 4,960.00 797.00 5,757.00
#1/0 Criollo 7 [email protected] KLF 8,540.00 956.00 9,496.00
#2/0 Percheron 19 [email protected] KLF 10,300.00 1,040.00 11,340.00
SA
#4/0 Oldenberg 19 [email protected] KLF 14,400.00 1,200.00 15,600.00

Use these figures to estimate the cost of aluminum service drop wire installed on overhead supports under the conditions described on
pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each 1,000 linear feet installed. The crew is three electricians working at a labor rate of $39.84 per
manhour. These costs include reel set-up, pulling gear set-up, tensioning, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for insulators,
terminations, line hardware, anti-oxidation compound, pre-formed ties, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization,
cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Use anti-oxidation compound on all aluminum connections, fittings and lugs. The ampacity of copper
wire is greater than the ampacity of aluminum wire of the same size. Check the NEC before substituting aluminum wire for copper wire.
Terminations for aluminum wire must be made with approved fittings. Multi-conductor service drop is factory-twisted and sold on spools of
500 and 1,000 feet. Many suppliers will sell service drop wire in special lengths at a modest additional charge.
110
Locking Receptacles
2 pole, 2 wire, single non-grounding locking receptacles

15A, 125V, NEMA L1-15R [email protected] Ea 7.52 7.97 15.49
2 pole, 3 wire, single grounding locking receptacles



E

30A, 600V, NEMA L9-30R
PL
2 pole, 3 wire, single orange isolated ground locking receptacles

M
SA

20A, 125/250V, NEMA L10-20R [email protected] Ea 16.80 9.96 26.76
3 pole, 3 wire, 3 phase non-grounding locking receptacles

Use these figures to estimate the cost of locking receptacles under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each
receptacle installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for outlet boxes and switch rings, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup,
overhead, and profit. There's a special configuration for each voltage and amperage. Receptacles with special contact materials designed
for durability under heavy use can be considerably more expensive than standard grade receptacles.
253
Locking Receptacles
3 pole, 4 wire, single orange isolated ground locking receptacles


3 pole, 4 wire, 3 phase single grounding locking receptacles

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4 pole, 4 wire, 3 phase Y single non-grounding locking receptacles
30A, 120/208V, NEMA L18-30R
PL [email protected] Ea 39.70 12.00 51.70
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4 pole, 5 wire, 3 phase Y grounding locking receptacles

SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of locking receptacles under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each
receptacle installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for outlet boxes and switch rings, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup,
overhead, and profit. There's a special configuration for each voltage and amperage. Receptacles with special contact materials designed
for durability under heavy use can be considerably more expensive than standard grade receptacles.
254
Plastic Locking Connectors

2 pole, 3 wire, grounding locking type connector bodies





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3 pole, 4 wire, grounding locking type connector bodies

PL
3 pole, 3 phase, grounding locking type connector bodies

M
SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of locking connector bodies under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for
each connector installed on a power cable. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include
layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add sales tax, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead, and profit.
Connectors with special contact materials designed for durability under heavy use can be considerably more expensive than standard
grade connectors.
255
Plastic Locking Connectors

3 pole, 4 wire, 3 phase grounding locking connector bodies




4 pole, 5 wire, 3 phase Y grounding locking connector bodies
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20A, 347/600V, NEMA L23-20R
PL [email protected] Ea 40.40 19.90 60.30

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Use these figures to estimate the cost of locking connector bodies under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for
each connector installed on a power cable. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include
layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add sales tax, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead, and profit.
Connectors with special contact materials designed for durability under heavy use can be considerably more expensive than standard
grade connectors.
SA
256
Plastic Locking Plugs

2 pole, 2 wire, non-grounding locking plugs

15A, 125V, NEMA L1-15P [email protected] Ea 8.51 5.98 14.49
2 pole, 3 wire, grounding locking plugs



E
20A, 600V, NEMA L9-20P

PL
3 pole, 3 wire, non-grounding locking plugs

20A, 125/250V, NEMA L10-20P [email protected] Ea 11.70 7.97 19.67
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3 pole, 3 wire, 3 phase non-grounding locking plugs

SA



Use these figures to estimate the cost of locking plugs under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each plug
installed on a power cord. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for sales tax, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead, and profit. Plugs with special
contact materials designed for durability under heavy use can be considerably more expensive than standard grade plugs.
257
Plastic Locking Plugs

3 pole, 4 wire, grounding locking plugs

3 pole, 4 wire, 3 phase grounding locking plugs


30A, 600V, NEMAL17-30P [email protected] Ea 24.80 9.96 34.76
4 pole, 4 wire, 3 phase non-grounding locking plugs

[email protected]
E
30A, 120/208V, NEMA L18-30P Ea 30.00 12.00 42.00

PL
4 pole, 5 wire, 3 phase grounding locking plugs

M
SA


Use these figures to estimate the cost of locking plugs under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each plug
installed on a power cord. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for sales tax, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead, and profit. Plugs with special
contact materials designed for durability under heavy use can be considerably more expensive than standard grade plugs.
258
Photo Controls
Flush wire-in type

1000W, 120V SPST [email protected] Ea 8.18 7.97 16.15
1000W, 208/277V SPST [email protected] Ea 9.84 7.97 17.81
Flush wire-in with single gang wall plate

Adjustable light control, wall plate


E
PL
Plug-in locking type, delayed response, thermal
M
Plug-in locking type, delayed response, thermal, low maintenance

SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of photo controls under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs are for each photo control
installed on a box or lighting fixture. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include layout,
material handling, and normal waste. Add for boxes, covers, sales tax, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead, and
profit.
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Wiring Device Plates

Switch cover plates

1 gang brown [email protected] Ea .29 1.99 2.28
1 gang ivory [email protected] Ea .29 1.99 2.28
1 gang gray [email protected] Ea .33 1.99 2.32
1 gang white [email protected] Ea .33 1.99 2.32
1 gang red [email protected] Ea .33 1.99 2.32
1 gang black [email protected] Ea .33 1.99 2.32
1 gang brass [email protected] Ea 3.63 1.99 5.62
1 gang aluminum [email protected] Ea 1.81 1.99 3.80
1 gang stainless steel [email protected] Ea 1.43 1.99 3.42

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2 gang aluminum
2 gang stainless steel
[email protected]
[email protected]
PL Ea
Ea
3.63
2.76
3.98
3.98
7.61
6.74

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3 gang white [email protected] Ea 1.00 5.98 6.98
3 gang red [email protected] Ea 1.00 5.98 6.98
3 gang black [email protected] Ea 1.00 5.98 6.98
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4 gang brown [email protected] Ea 1.34 7.97 9.31

4 gang ivory [email protected] Ea 1.34 7.97 9.31
4 gang gray [email protected] Ea 1.53 7.97 9.50
Use these figures to estimate the cost of trim plates installed on outlet boxes under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed
are for each plate installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for the outlet box, switch, plaster ring, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization,
cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Be careful to select the right plate color and material. Special plates with non-standard configurations
can be ordered for custom applications.
260

Switch cover plates (continued)

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6 gang stainless steel [email protected]
PL Ea 10.50 12.00 22.50
Duplex receptacle cover plates

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SA

handling, and normal waste. Add for the outlet box, switch, plaster ring, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization,
cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Be careful to select the right plate color and material. Special plates with non-standard configurations
can be ordered for custom applications.
261

Combination switch and duplex receptacle cover plates

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Single receptacle cover plates

PL
M
SA

Blank wiring device cover plates

handling, and normal waste. Add for the outlet box, receptacle and switch, plaster ring, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization,
demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Be careful to select the right plate color and material. Special plates with non-standard
configurations can be ordered for custom applications.
262
Blank wiring device plates

Telephone wiring device plates

Decorator wiring device plates
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1 gang gray [email protected]
PL Ea .67 1.99 2.66
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SA

handling, and normal waste. Add for the outlet box, plaster ring, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup,
overhead and profit. Note: Be careful to select the right plate color and material. Special plates with non-standard configurations can be
ordered for custom applications.
263

Decorator wiring device plates

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Combination decorator and standard switch plates

PL
M
SA

Combination decorator and two standard switch plates

Use these figures to estimate the cost of switch trim plates installed on outlet boxes under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6.
Costs listed are for each plate installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include
layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for the outlet box, switch, plaster ring, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization,
demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Be careful to select the right plate color and material. Special plates with non-standard
configurations can be ordered for custom applications.
264

Combination decorator and three standard switch plates

Semi-jumbo switch plates

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PL
Semi-jumbo duplex wiring device plates
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Semi-jumbo single receptacle plates

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Semi-jumbo double duplex wiring device plates

Use these figures to estimate the cost of switch and receptacle trim plates installed on outlet boxes under the conditions described on
pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each plate installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These
costs include layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for the outlet box, switch and receptacle, plaster ring, sales tax, delivery,
supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Be careful to select the right plate color and material. Special
plates with non-standard configurations can be ordered for custom applications.
265

Semi-jumbo decorator wiring device plates

Jumbo switch plates

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2 gang ivory [email protected] PL Ea 2.40 3.98 6.38
Jumbo duplex wiring device plates

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Jumbo combination switch and duplex receptacle plates

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Jumbo combination switch and blank wiring device plates

Jumbo combination duplex and blank wiring device plates

Jumbo blank wiring device plates

266

Jumbo decorator wiring device plates

Jumbo combination decorator and blank wiring device plates

Deep switch plates

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PL
Deep duplex receptacle plates
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Deep combination switch and duplex receptacle plates

Deep combination switch and blank wiring device plates

Deep combination duplex receptacle and blank wiring device plates

15 amp size single receptacle plates

1 gang stainless 430 [email protected] Ea 1.91 1.99 3.90
supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Use deep plates when the wall has been built out away from
the outlet box and the screws from a standard plate won't reach the box. This is common in remodeling work when a wall has been covered
with new paneling.
267




Weatherproof single receptacle plates
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15A cast metal [email protected] Ea 22.50 3.98 26.48
20A cast metal [email protected] Ea 23.80 3.98 27.78
PL
Weatherproof horizontal duplex receptacle plates with twin covers
1 gang cast metal [email protected] Ea 20.10 3.98 24.08
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SA
268
Section 6:
Service Entrance Equipment
This section deals with the equipment that’s Notice in Figures 6-1, 6-2 and 6-3 that all three
located at the point where electrical service enters installations have two main parts: the service sec-
the building — hence the name service entrance tion and the distribution section.
equipment. It includes safety switches, circuit The service section connects to the utility com-
breakers, a meter socket for mounting the utility pany power feed and outputs power to the distribu-
company’s meter, perhaps a transformer, at least tion section. It includes either a cable pull section
one panelboard for distribution to the various where the feed is pulled into the service entrance
loads, and wireway. This gear may be housed in a cabinet from underground power lines, or conduit
to a service entrance cap which receives lines from
single steel cabinet or it may consist of several an overhead distribution system.
components, each with a separate enclosure.
The main disconnect or circuit breaker is also
Service entrance gear is custom-designed for located in the service section. It provides a quick
larger commercial and industrial buildings. The and convenient way to cut off power to all circuits
type, size and ampacity of the equipment depend when necessary, or when an overload endangers
on the power that’s needed, of course, and on the system. The NEC requires that each conductor
requirements imposed by the local inspection entering the service entrance section have a readi-
E
authority and the electrical utility. Both the inspec- ly accessible disconnect. Exceptions are made for
very small installations.
tor and the electric company have standards that
must be met. Be sure the equipment you’re pricing Also in the service section will be the meter
meets those standards.
PL socket which receives the utility company’s meter.
The service side may include instrumentation such
as a voltmeter or ammeter, a fire alarm breaker,
and perhaps a transformer if needed to reduce dis-
Description of Service Entrance tribution voltage to the voltage required by loads in
the building.
Equipment
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The distribution section is usually mounted
Figure 6-1 shows service entrance equipment right beside the service section and is connected
for a small home. Figures 6-2 and 6-3 show ser- by a set of metal bars called bus bars. These bars
vice entrance gear that might be used in commer- carry power from the service section to the distribu-
SA
cial and larger industrial buildings. tion section.
Meter
Distribution
Figure 6-1 Figure 6-2

Residential Service Entrance Equipment Multi-metering Center
269
Power Systems Equipment

Metal-clad Switchgear Load center unit substation Utilization equipment
(outdoor type) (indoor type)
120V
power
motor
control
center
Motor
Panel
Voltage: Outgoing low voltage board
2400 to 13,800 Transforming
Incoming high section switchgear section Voltage:
voltage section 120 to 600
“Express” switchboards
Specially selected offering from the Type FA-1 Switchboard line.
Dependable electrical system distribution for a variety of applications
E
PL Utility metering compartments
• CT mounting
• Isolating barriers
• Hinged sealable door
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Completely front accessible
(including neutral connections)
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Wide bus rating range

• 800-3000 amps
• Aluminum or copper
Provision for future extension
Your choice of branch protective
devices
• Molded case circuit breakers
15-1200 amps
• Fusible switches 30-1200 amps
Wide selection of protective mains
• Service interrupters 1200-3000
amps
• Bolted pressure switches
1200-3000 amps
• Molded case circuit breakers
400-2000 amps
• Fusible switches 400-1200 amps
Figure 6-3
Power Systems Equipment
270
The purpose of the distribution section is to sub- 480V, 3-phase NEMA class 3R (weatherproof)
divide electrical power among the individual cir- safety switch can be installed inside a building to
cuits, each of which is protected by a circuit break- serve a machine with a 20A, 240V load. But it’s
er mounted in the distribution panel. The distribu- much less expensive to use a switch that just
tion section in a larger commercial building will meets rather than exceeds circuit requirements.
include feeder breakers in addition to individual The fusible switches listed in this section are for
breakers for every circuit in the building’s electrical cartridge fuses. Screw-in fuses can be used in
system. If the building covers a large area or has some safety switches, but the cartridge type is
electrical equipment like large motors or air condi- much more common. Most suppliers carry car-
tioning units, the distribution section may include tridge fuses in these ranges. The fuse amperage
circuits that feed subpanels located in other parts ratings are as follows for the switch ratings indicat-
of the building. ed:
Service entrance equipment listed in this section 30A fusible switches use fractional amp
is only representative of the many types of equip- fuses to 30 amps
ment that are available. But from what’s listed here
you can see the range of material prices and typi- 60A fusible switches use 35 amp to
cal installation costs. Prices quoted for larger 60 amp fuses
pieces of equipment are for the most competitively- 100A fusible switches use 70 amp to
priced units. Prices can vary widely. It’s good prac- 100 amp fuses
tice to get several quotes. 200A fusible switches use 110 amp to
Much of this equipment is custom-assembled to 200 amp fuses
order. There will be only a few competitive suppli- 400A fusible switches use 225 amp to
ers in your area. But note that multiple units 400 amp fuses
ordered at the same time can reduce costs 20 per-
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cent or more. 600A fusible switches use 450 amp to
600 amp fuses
800A fusible switches use 601 amp to
PL 800 amp fuses
Safety Switches
1200A fusible switches use 1000 amp to
Safety switches are also known as disconnect 1200 amp fuses
switches and externally operated (EXO)
devices. A safety switch is a convenient way of The National Electrical Code lists several instal-
lation rules for safety switches. Some job specifica-
M
shutting off electrical equipment in an emergency.
For example, the NEC requires that a safety switch tions will include additional requirements for safety
switches. For example, some specs require switch-
be installed at or near heavy machinery. In some
es with interlocks that prevent opening the switch
cases the switch will be protected with a padlock
door or cover when the switch is in the “on” posi-
SA
so the power can’t be shut off accidentally. tion. The specs might require that the switch have
There are many types of safety switches. Some a block for connecting a neutral wire.
have specific applications. Others are appropriate
for a wide range of uses. Ratings for safety switch-
es are by amperage (30 amp, 60 amp, 100 amp,
etc.), and by voltage (120 volt, 240 volt, 480 volt, Circuit Breakers
etc.). Safety switches intended for use with electric Like safety switches, circuit breakers can be
motors are rated by motor horsepower. Safety used to shut off the power to any circuit. Generally,
switches are also classified as general duty, heavy a circuit breaker can be used anywhere a safety
duty, and by NEMA (National Electrical switch is required. But an automatic circuit break-
Manufacturer’s Association) class. The most com- er’s most important function is to protect the sys-
mon classes are 1 (indoor), 3R (weatherproof), 4 tem by opening when an overload is detected.
and 4X (waterproof and dustproof), and 7 through Unlike a fuse, a breaker doesn’t have to be
9 (for hazardous locations). Explosion-proof enclo- replaced after tripping. Resetting the breaker
sures are also available. restores power to the circuit.
Safety switches can be either fusible or non- Although non-automatic circuit breakers are
fusible. The fusible type has a renewable fuse that available, automatic breakers with permanent trip
can be changed to alter the overload protection settings are most common. They’re rated by
characteristics of the circuit. A safety switch that amperage capacity and voltage. They’re also rated
isn’t fused has no overload protection. for maximum short-circuit interrupting capacity.
The engineer who designs the electrical system The NEC dictates the type of circuit breaker to use
should identify the type and rating of each safety for each application.
switch on the plans. But note that it’s acceptable The most common use for circuit breakers is in
practice (but an unnecessary expense) to use loadcenters and panelboards. They can be either
oversize safety switches. For example, a 100A, the plug-in or bolt-on type. Loadcenters use plug-in
271
breakers. Panelboards use bolt-on breakers that Loadcenters are enclosed in a sheet metal box
bolt directly to the panelboard bus and to the panel which can be ordered for surface, flush or semi-
frame for support. The vast majority of our jobs use flush mounting in a wall. The cover has knockouts
bolt-on. Most well-engineered jobs require bolt-on where breakers are mounted. Most loadcenters
breakers. Use bolt-on for high A.I.C. interrupting come with a door to cover the breaker handles.
capacities. Both indoor- and outdoor-rated loadcenters are
Circuit breakers are available with more than available. Units can have as few as two single-pole
one pole. A single handle opens and closes con- spaces or as many as 42 single-pole spaces. Two-
tact between two or more conductors. But single- and three-pole plug-in breakers can also be insert-
pole breakers can be ganged to protect each line. ed. Individual breakers can be sized up to 100
When that’s done, the operating handles for all amps.
poles on a circuit should be tied together with a bar Panelboards are electrical distribution panels
device. Usually these breakers are made from sin-
that use bolt-on circuit breakers. They’re usually
gle-pole breakers riveted together to form a two- or
three-pole device. used in heavy commercial and industrial buildings
where higher amperages are needed.
Circuit breakers can be either thermal, magnetic Panelboards are enclosed in a heavy gauge
or a combination of the two. Thermal breakers
sheet metal box which can be ordered for surface
react to changes in temperature, opening the cir-
cuit in response to extra heat from a short. or flush mounting on a wall. Panelboards have
Magnetic breakers react to changes in current flow. interiors like similar loadcenters except that the cir-
A sudden increase in current flow creates enough cuit breakers must be bolted to the interior bus sys-
magnetic force to activate an armature, opening tem. An interior cover is placed over the circuit
the circuit. breakers and extends to the panel cover. The
panel cover is made of heavy gauge sheet metal
Thermal-magnetic breakers combine the best
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and usually has a door which covers the circuit-
features of both types of breakers and are the type breaker handles. Two- and three-pole bolt-on
commonly used in panelboards and loadcenters.
Magnetic breakers are generally used in special breakers can be installed. The breakers can be
sized up to 100 amps for lighting panels, and high-
by air temperature.
PL
applications where the breaker must be unaffected
er for power panels.
Panelboards are rated for total load, such as
100A, 225A, 400A, etc. The circuit breakers
Meter Sockets installed cannot exceed the panel rating. Single-
width panelboards are limited to 42 circuits. If addi-
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Meter sockets are usually installed by the con- tional circuits are required, a double-width panel-
tractor. The power company will usually install the board can be used.
actual kilowatt hour meter.
Panelboards are usually custom-assembled at
Be sure to install the right socket. Each type of the factory to meet specific job requirements.
SA
socket has a certain number of jaws that make Loadcenters are usually stock items. Your supplier
contact with the meter. The socket must match the probably offers a good selection of loadcenter
meter the power company intends to use. That housings and large quantities of the more common
depends on the size of the service feed and the plug-in breakers that are inserted into the housing.
service voltage provided. When you order a loadcenter, they can pull the
In some cases the meter will require a current loadcenter housing from stock and furnish whatev-
transformer in the service section. The current er breakers you will insert into the housing.
transformer is connected to the meter base. Test
blocks may also be required. Check with your
local utility company before buying or installing the
meter socket. Wireway
Multi-socket assemblies are required in multi- Wireway is an enclosed metal channel with one
family residences. Usually all the meters will be hinged or removable side so wire can be laid,
located in the same panel for convenience. Your rather than pulled, into place. Indoor wireway may
supplier will help you select the right meter panel. have either a screw cover or a hinged cover. Both
But it’s your responsibility to get approval from the interior and exterior wireways are available in sev-
utility company for the panel selected. eral sizes and lengths.
Wireway is useful in many situations. For exam-
ple, it’s used in service entrance equipment to
Loadcenters and Panelboards enclose wire running between the various compo-
nents. It can be installed in long rows for circuits,
Loadcenters are electrical distribution panels control or communications systems. Fittings are
that use plug-in circuit breakers. They’re usually available for making turns up, down, right or left.
used in residential and light commercial buildings Flange fittings allow connection to pull boxes and
where the electrical loads are not heavy. cabinets.
272
Combination AC Magnetic Three Pole Starters with

Fusible Disconnect and Overload Relays
NEMA 4 combination three pole AC magnetic starters, fusible disconnect

Size 3 20 HP, 208V [email protected] Ea 2,700.00 120.00 2,820.00
E
NEMA 4X combination three pole AC magnetic starters, fusible disconnect
Size 0 3 HP, 208V [email protected]
PL Ea 1,970.00 69.70 2,039.70
Size 1 7.5 HP, 208V [email protected] Ea 2,060.00 69.70 2,129.70
M
SA

NEMA 12 combination three pole AC magnetic starters, fusible disconnect

Use these figures to estimate the cost of combination starters installed in buildings under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs
listed are for each starter installed. The crew size is one electrician for starters up to size 4 and two electricians for starters over size 4.
Cost per manhour is $39.84. These costs include layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for overload relay heater elements,
sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: AC magnetic starters are non-reversing
with three melting alloy overload relays for motor protection. The heating elements must be appropriate for the full load amp rating of the
connected motor.
Fuses are on pages 283 to 305.
407
Combination AC Magnetic Three Pole Starters with Fusible

Disconnect and Overload Relays for Class R Fuses
NEMA 12 combination three pole AC magnetic starters

with fusible disconnect
E
PL Ea 6,180.00 159.00 6,339.00
M
SA

with class R fuse disconnect
Size 0 3 HP, 208V [email protected] Ea 979.00 49.80 1,028.80
listed are for each starter installed. The crew size is one electrician for starters up to size 4 and two electricians for over size 4. Cost per
manhour is $39.84. These costs include layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for overload relay heater elements, sales tax,
delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: AC magnetic starters are non-reversing with three
melting alloy overload relays for motor protection. The heating elements must be appropriate for the full load amp rating of the connected
motor.
408


E
Size 0 3 HP, 208V
Size 0 3 HP, 230V
[email protected]
[email protected]
PL Ea
Ea
1,930.00
1,930.00
59.80
59.80
1,989.80
1,989.80
M
SA

motor.
409

NEMA 4X combination three pole AC magnetic starters

E
PL
M
SA

listed are for each starter installed. The crew size is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84. These costs include layout, material
handling, and normal waste. Add for overload relay heater elements, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup,
overhead and profit. Note: AC magnetic starters are non-reversing with three melting alloy overload relays for motor protection. The
heating elements must be appropriate for the full load amp rating of the connected motor.
410

& Non-fusible Disconnect and Overload Relays

NEMA 1 combination three pole AC magnetic starters, oversized

enclosure, non-fused
E
PL Ea 1,800.00 63.70 1,863.70

M
SA


motor.

411
Combination AC Magnetic Three Pole Starters in Oversized

Enclosure with Fusible Disconnect and Overload Relays

enclosure, fusible disconnect
E
Size 0
Size 0
3 HP, 208V
3 HP, 230V
[email protected]
[email protected]
PL Ea
Ea
2,650.00
2,650.00
63.70
63.70
2,713.70
2,713.70
M
SA


motor.
412

& Circuit Breaker Disconnect and Overload Relays

NEMA 1 combination three pole AC magnetic starters,

circuit breaker disconnect
E
Size 2
Size 2
15 HP, 230V
25 HP, 480V
[email protected]
[email protected]
PL Ea
Ea
1,870.00
1,870.00
59.80
59.80
1,929.80
1,929.80
M
SA

motor. Circuit breakers are either 22,000 or 100,000 amp interrupt capacity.
413
Combination AC Magnetic Three Pole Starters with Circuit

Breaker Disconnect and Overload Relays
NEMA 4 combination three pole AC magnetic starters,

C.B. disconnect and overload relays
E
PL
M
SA

NEMA 4X combination three pole AC magnetic starters,

414
Combination AC Magnetic Three Pole Starters with

Circuit Breaker Disconnect and Overload Relays
NEMA 4X combination three pole AC magnetic starters,

E
NEMA 7 & 9 combination three pole AC magnetic starters, C.B. disconnect
and overload relays
Size 0
Size 0
3 HP, 208V
3 HP, 230V
[email protected]
[email protected]
PL Ea
Ea
2,700.00
2,700.00
69.70
69.70
2,769.70
2,769.70
M
SA

415
Combination AC Magnetic Three Pole Starters with Circuit

Breaker Disconnect and Overload Relays
NEMA 12 combination three pole AC magnetic starters, C.B. disconnect

and overload relays
E
PL
M
SA

416
Combination AC Magnetic Three Pole Starters in Oversized

Enclosure with Circuit Breaker Disconnect and Overload Relays

enclosure, C.B. disconnect
E
Size 0
Size 0
3 HP, 208V
3 HP, 230V
[email protected]
[email protected]
PL Ea
Ea
2,960.00
2,960.00
63.70
63.70
3,023.70
3,023.70
M
SA


417
Motor Control Equipment

NEMA 12 combination three pole AC magnetic starters in oversize

enclosure with C.B. disconnect
NEMA 1 two & three unit general purpose motor control stations
Stop-start [email protected] Ea 79.40 15.90 95.30
Stop-start lockout stop [email protected] Ea 90.50 15.90 106.40
Stop-start main. contact [email protected] Ea 90.50 15.90 106.40
Forward-reverse [email protected] Ea 90.50 15.90 106.40
E
Open-close [email protected] Ea 90.50 15.90 106.40
Up-down [email protected] Ea 90.50 15.90 106.40
On-off, main. contact [email protected] Ea 90.50 15.90 106.40
PL
Hand-auto main. contact [email protected] Ea 90.50 15.90 106.40
Hand-off-auto [email protected] Ea 102.00 19.90 121.90
NEMA 1 two & three unit heavy duty motor control stations
M
SA

Use these figures to estimate the cost of combination starters and control stations installed in buildings under the conditions described on
pages 5 and 6. Costs listed for control stations are for each station installed. The crew size is one electrician working at a labor cost of
$39.84 per manhour. These costs include the enclosure, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for sales tax, delivery,
supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Be sure to select the right switch for the control sequence.
Many other general purpose and heavy duty control stations are available when other combinations and features are required. Most units
can be assembled into special configurations to meet specific needs.
418
Motor Control Stations

NEMA 1 general purpose flush mounted two & three unit

motor control stations
On-off [email protected] Ea 114.00 15.90 129.90
Hand-auto, main. contact [email protected] Ea 134.00 15.90 149.90
Hand-off auto [email protected] Ea 290.00 23.90 313.90
NEMA 4 general purpose two & three unit motor control stations
[email protected]
E
Stop-start Ea 198.00 19.90 217.90
Forward-reverse [email protected]
PL Ea 232.00 19.90 251.90
M
SA
NEMA 4 heavy duty two & three unit motor control stations
Jog [email protected] Ea 232.00 23.90 255.90
Manual-auto [email protected] Ea 232.00 23.90 255.90
Use these figures to estimate the cost of control stations installed in buildings under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs
listed are for each station installed. The crew size is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include the
enclosure, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup,
overhead and profit. Note: Be sure to select the right switch for the control sequence. Many other general purpose and heavy duty control
stations are available when other combinations and features are required. Most units can be assembled into special configurations to meet
specific needs.
419
Undercarpet Wiring Systems
Transition junction boxes

Surface mounted [email protected] Ea 227.00 12.00 239.00
Flush floor mounted [email protected] Ea 222.00 19.90 241.90
Stud mounted [email protected] Ea 71.40 13.90 85.30
Thin stud mounted [email protected] Ea 63.70 13.90 77.60
Stud mounted, DLB [email protected] Ea 95.30 13.90 109.20
Single terminal box [email protected] Ea 56.40 12.00 68.40
Terminal blocks
Round to flat cable [email protected] Ea 25.40 13.90 39.30
3-wire underflow duct [email protected] Ea 29.60 13.90 43.50
3-wire insul. displace. [email protected] Ea 54.30 9.96 64.26
5-wire insul. displace. [email protected] Ea 77.60 12.00 89.60
Four way power intrafacer
E
Transition assembly [email protected] Ea 86.50 9.96 96.46
Insulated ground
transition assembly [email protected]
PL Ea 89.90 13.90 103.80
Five way power intrafacer

Transition assembly [email protected] Ea 71.40 13.90 85.30
Insulated ground
M
transition assembly [email protected] Ea 78.20 15.90 94.10
Pedestals for power, less duplex receptacles

SA
For one duplex outlet [email protected] Ea 119.00 12.00 131.00

For two duplex outlets [email protected] Ea 134.00 15.90 149.90
Pedestals
Communications [email protected] Ea 57.40 12.00 69.40
Use these figures to estimate the cost of undercarpet wiring systems installed in a building under the conditions described on pages 5 and
6. Costs listed are for each item installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.84 per manhour. These costs include
layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and
profit.
541

Index
10,000 AIC bolt-on breakers..... 307 AC magnetic light poles ....................... 196-198 indoor enclosed ..................... 194
10,000 AIC DC breakers .......... 314 contactors .............................. 390 locknuts ................................... 61 metal halide ........................... 207
10,000 amp interrupt starters ................................... 382 neutral ..................... 109, 111-112 remote ................................... 159
capacity ................................... 306 starters, three pole .......... 400-403 nipples ................................ 58-61 weatherproof potted ............... 194
120 volt fixtures ................ 184, 188 starters, two pole ............ 398-399 one hole straps ........................ 76 Baluns................................ 533-534
120 volt smoke detectors.......... 371 AC plug-on breakers.......... 310-313 reducing bushings .............. 69-70 Bar hangers ...................... 120, 129
120/277 volt switches ............... 219 AC quiet switches .............. 223-226 rigid conduit (ARC) .................. 58 Bare aluminum conductor......... 114
14,000 AIC breakers................. 312 AC type cable ............................. 88 service drop wire ............ 110-112 Bare copper ring ....................... 439
2" range expansion Access .............................. 8, 11, 16 terminations ............................. 62 Bare copper wire ........ 88, 102, 442
PVC couplings ........................... 39 Access boxes, precast tray fittings ............................. 364 Base, steel raceway ................. 426
208 volt fixtures ................ 184, 188 concrete ................................... 373 union ........................................ 72 Base type duct spacers .............. 47
22,000 AIC DC breakers .......... 314 Access, service entrance wire ........................... 90, 105-112 Base wage, electrician.................. 5
240 volt fixtures ................ 184, 188 equipment ................................ 274 Aluminum/copper conversion ..... 92 Basis, material costs..................... 5
240 volt safety switches..... 275-277 Accessories, floor box .............. 156 Aluminum rigid conduit (ARC) .... 58 Bat wings .................................. 158
277 volt fixtures ................ 184, 188 Accuracy, estimating .................... 7 bushings .................................. 61 Bathroom fixtures ..................... 164
277 volt switches ............... 224-228 Acrylic lens ............................... 176 locknuts ................................... 61 Batteries
3-0 boxes .................................. 120 ACSR (aluminum conductor nipples ................................ 58-61 engine-generators ................. 378
3-position switches, steel reinforced) ....................... 108 termination ............................... 62 exit fixtures ............................ 172
maintain contact ...................... 219 neutral ............................. 111-112 American Wire Gauge system .... 88 Battery powered smoke
3-wire receptacles .................... 245 wire ................................. 108-110 Ammeter ................................... 269 detectors .................................. 371
30 degree PVC sweeping Adapters, duct .......................... 336 Ampacity ....................... 89, 90, 218 Beacons............................ 365, 369
elbows .................................. 43-44 PVC ......................................... 39 Anchors, expansion .................... 86 Beam clamps .............................. 11
30 degree Schedule 40 PVC Adapters, cable Anti-oxidation material ................ 91 EMT conduit hanger ................ 26
elbows ....................................... 37 coaxial cable .......................... 537 Anti-short bushing..................... 103 PVC coated ........................ 79-80
30,000 AIC breakers.......... 314-315 subminiature D to Apartment entry control ............ 372 Beech ....................................... 108
4 square surface covers ........... 131 modular jack ......................... 532 Appaloosa......................... 111, 112 Beech-XLP ............................... 109
E
4 square switch rings ................ 129 Additional costs ............................ 6 Appeal, inspector’s decision ......... 7 Bells .................................. 365, 367
4-0 boxes .................................. 120 Adelphi...................................... 113 Apple ........................................ 107 Bending
4-S boxes ................................. 120 Adjustable bar hangers............. 129 Apple-XLP ................................ 108 conduit, number permitted ....... 10
4-way power intrafacer ............. 541 Adjustable cast iron Appliance wire ............................ 96 GRS ......................................... 12
4-wire locking single
receptacles .............................. 254
PL
floor boxes ............................... 153 Apricot ...................................... 108
Apricot-XLP .............................. 109
P&C duct ................................. 12
Adjustable flood light ................ 164 raceway ................................. 423
45 degree elbows Adjustable floor boxes Aquastats, hookup .................... 379 Bergen ...................................... 113
GRS ......................................... 49 and covers ............................... 153 ARC (aluminum rigid conduit)..... 58 Bid shopping ................................. 9
IMC .......................................... 52 Adjusting costs ....... 6, 92, 222, 337 ARC fault circuit interrupter ...... 247 Bidding government work ............. 9
PVC sweeping ......................... 44 AF type wire................................ 89 Architectural rectangular Blade-type fuses ................ 285-299
Schedule 40 PVC .................... 38 AFCI duplex receptacles .......... 247 housing .................................... 189 Blank duct .......................... 336-337
M
Type EB or DB ......................... 45 AIC (amp interrupt capacity) ..... 307 Architectural square floods ....... 189 Blank plates ....................... 261-263
45 degree flex connectors Air alternator, hookup ............... 379 Armored cable .................... 88, 103 jumbo ..................................... 267
die cast ................................... 31 Air compressor, hookup............ 379 Arms, pole ................................ 197 Bliss .......................................... 113
insulated throat ................... 35-36 Air handlers, hookup................. 379 Asbestos insulation..................... 89 Bloomfield ................................. 113
liquid-tight .......................... 35-36 Air-handling fixtures ........... 178-179 Assemblies BNC plug and jack .................... 533
SA
malleable ................................ 31 aluminum flex conduit ..... 451-454

Allowance for BNC plug connectors......... 535-536
480 volt fixtures ................ 188, 192 EMT conduit ................... 447-450
experience ................................. 6 Boiler control panels, hookup ... 379
5 degree bend couplings, P&C ... 46 galvanized rigid conduit ... 463-466
waste ................................... 5, 16 Boilers, hookup ......................... 379
5-way power intrafacer ............. 541 handy box switches ........ 467-470
Allowances Bollards..................................... 190
5-wire locking single PVC conduit .................... 459-462
vertical runs ............................. 16 Bolt hangers, tomic ................... 132
receptacles .............................. 254 receptacle and handy
wire pulling ............................... 91 Bolt-on circuit breakers ..... 272, 307
6 range expansion PVC boxes ............................. 508-509
Almond ..................................... 108 Bolt-on fuses............................. 293
couplings ................................... 40 receptacle and sectional
Almond-XLP ............................. 109 Bonding
60 Hz incandescent dimmers ... 221 boxes ............................. 510-513
Alternator, air, hookup .............. 379 connection ............................. 441
600 volt safety switches..... 278-281 receptacles, duplex ........ 515, 517
Aluminum definitions ....................... 439-440
90 degree elbows receptacles, single ......... 514, 516
abandon plugs, underfloor problems ................................ 441
aluminum rigid ......................... 58 sectional box switches .... 471-486
raceway ................................ 342 Bonding conductor...................... 11
die cast, EMT ........................... 27 steel flex conduit ............. 455-458
GRS ......................................... 49 blank body covers .................... 64 Bonding jumpers......................... 68
switches, 1 and 2 gang.... 487-507
IMC .......................................... 53 bus duct .......................... 346-349 Boring ....................................... 421
Troffer fluorescent ................. 518
PVC coated steel ..................... 78 bushings ............................. 61-62 data logs ................................ 420
Assumptions, conduit tables ....... 16
PVC sweeping .................... 44-45 cable .............................. 107, 113 Box assemblies ..467-486, 508-513
Asymmetric lens ....................... 188
Schedule 40 PVC .................... 38 circuit breaker enclosures ...... 316 AWG ........................................... 88 Box covers
Schedule 80 PVC .................... 38 conductor, bare ...................... 114 AWM type wire ........................... 96 concrete ................................. 126
Type EB or DB ......................... 46 conductor, grounding ............. 441 floor ........................................ 154
90 degree malleable conduit ..................................... 15 galvanized cast ........................ 67
conduit assemblies ......... 451-454 octagon .................................. 126
flex connectors .......................... 32
conduit bodies ......................... 65
B round .............................. 133-136
elbows ..................................... 58 Backcharges for cleanup .............. 8 square .................................... 136
A feeder wire ............................... 14 Backfill ...................................... 420 weatherproof ............................ 67
flex conduit assemblies ... 451-454 Backhoes .................................. 420 Box grounding clips .................. 442
Abandon plugs, duct ................. 336 flex conduit bodies ................... 65 Backup power ........................... 378 Box plugs, underfloor
underfloor raceway ................ 342 frame fluorescent fixtures ...... 177 Ball aligners .............................. 157 raceway ................................... 341
AC (armored cable) ............ 88, 103 housing exit fixtures ............... 172 Ballasts Box, steel channel system ........ 432
AC bolt-on breakers........... 312-313 insulated ground exterior weatherproof potted .. 194 Boxes........................................ 119
AC breakers.............................. 306 bushings ......................... 62, 442 fluorescent ...................... 213-216 cast aluminum ................ 143-145
AC grounded switches....... 223-224 ladder cable tray .................... 363 high intensity discharge ....................... fiberglass ........................ 133-139
AC horns................................... 368 ladder tray .............................. 363 ................................ 206-207, 209 floor ................................. 153-155
542
galvanized cast ........................ 66 solid direct burial ............. 100-101 Cerapus ............................ 110, 112 grounded switches ......... 224, 226
ganged ................................... 132 splicer ...................................... 88 Chain pull receptacles .............. 161 incandescent dimmers ........... 229
handy ..................................... 123 stranded direct burial ............. 100 Chain trenchers ........................ 420 switches ...........224-227, 230-233
hinge cover pull .............. 147-148 stranded service entrance ..... 100 Chairs (duct supports) .............. 336 Commercial lighting .................. 157
JIC wiring ........................ 150-151 telephone ............................... 525 Channel flat wire ....................... 432 Commercial specification grade
junction .................................. 339 underground distribution ........ 113 Channel strut, steel..................... 87 switches ................................... 233
masonry ................................. 132 URD ....................................... 113 Channel tray ............................. 358 Communications cable ...... 521-527
NEMA ............................. 146-151 Cable adapter assemblies ........ 434 Channel wire systems .............. 424 coaxial ............................ 526-527
octagon ........................... 125-126 Cable connector savers ............ 532 Checklist, service entrance LAN ........................................ 527
old work switch ...................... 142 Cable connectors............... 529-532 equipment ................................ 273 multi-conductor ............... 523-525
outlet ....................... 119, 133-139 centerline clamp .................... 532 Cherry ....................................... 107 plugs ...................................... 533
plastic ............................. 140-142 data cable connectors ........... 532 Cherry-XLP ............................... 108 solid ............................... 521, 525
plug-in tap .............................. 345 field programmable ................ 532 Chiller control panels, stranded .......................... 521-525
pull .................................. 146-152 gender changer ..................... 532 hookup ..................................... 379 telephone ............................... 525
raintight ........................... 148-150 subminiature D plug Chiller, water, hookup ............... 379 transceiver/drop ..................... 527
round ...... 133-135, 140, 143, 153 kits ................................. 529-531 Chimes ............................. 365, 369 twinaxial ................................. 526
square ............. 127, 136, 140-141 subminiature Chola ................................ 111, 112 Communications
steel, overfloor raceway ......... 427 D receptacles ................. 529-531 Choosing a specialty .................... 8 equipment ......................... 519-537
switch ...............123-124, 141-142 subminiature D straight Chow ........................................ 111 Communications duct ............... 339
weatherproof ................... 144-145 exit backshells ...................... 531 Circular fluorescent lamps ........ 212 Compact fluorescent lamps ...... 201
Boxes and rings, ganged .......... 132 Cable contacts .......................... 528 Circuit breaker Compliance with code .................. 7
Brass Cable cover, strain relief ........... 533 disconnect, starters Compression EMT connectors ... 20
abandon plugs ....................... 342 Cable distribution systems........ 519 with ................................ 413-417 Compressor, hookup ................ 379
carpet flanges ........................ 156 Cable fittings, enclosures ...................... 315-316 Concealed conduit ...................... 16
plugs ...................................... 156 communications................ 528-537 loadcenters ..................... 322-323 Conch ............................... 110, 112
Breakers, circuit ........ 272, 306-307 Cable tray .......................... 358-364 panelboards .................... 325-326 Concordia ................................. 113
meter centers .................. 318-321 aluminum ladder .................... 363 plug-in switches, bus Concrete
rating ...................................... 271 layout ..................................... 359 duct ................................ 356-357 access boxes ......................... 373
Brenau ...................................... 113 louver opening ....................... 361 Circuit breakers ......... 272, 306-307 octagon box covers ............... 126
Bridge cranes, hookup.............. 379 system for communications ... 519 meter centers .................. 318-321 products, precast ................... 375
Buckeye .................................... 108 Calculating material quantities.... 13 rating ...................................... 243 removal .................................. 421
E
Buckeye-XLP ............................ 109 Callbacks ...................................... 8 Circuit control switches ..... 218, 271 rings ....................................... 126
Budget hoists, hookup .............. 379 Canopy ..................................... 157 Circuit tests ................................... 8 Conditions, working ...................... 6
Building frame as ground.......... 439 light fixture ............................. 163 Clam ................................. 109, 111 Conductors ................................. 88
Building management Capped elbows Clamps high voltage ............................. 88
systems ................................... 365
Building wire, copper ............. 92-96
PL
aluminum ................................. 65
galvanized ............................... 65
conduit ..................................... 77
PVC coated ........................ 79-80
Conduit
aluminum rigid (ARC) .............. 58
Built-in grounding...................... 218 Caps water pipe .............................. 438 bender ..................................... 10
Burrs, removing .......................... 11 entrance ................................... 77 Class R fuses, bends, number permitted ......... 10
Bus bars ................................... 269 PVC ......................................... 40 starters with ...................... 409-410 body covers ............................. 64
Bus duct............................. 343-357 Carpet flanges .......................... 156 Clay conduit ................................ 15 clamps, rigid steel .................... 77
aluminum ........................ 346-349 Carpet pan ................................ 335 Cleanup ........................................ 8 EMT ......................................... 17
M
circuit breakers ...................... 356 Cartridge fuses ......................... 271 Clear lens luminaires ................ 190 EMT assemblies ............. 447-450
copper ............................. 350-351 fast acting ....................... 304-305 Clear polycarbonate carpet ENT ......................................... 48
elbows ................................... 354 links ................................ 288-290 flanges ..................................... 156 flex aluminum ................. 451-454
feeder ..............346-347, 350-351 non-renewable ................ 285-286 Clio ................................... 110, 112 flex steel ......................... 455-458
fittings .................................... 354 non-time delay 291, 293-294, 297 Clips flexible ..................................... 28
SA
plug-in ..................... 352-353, 356 renewable ...................... 287, 289 earthquake ............................. 159 galvanized rigid (GRS) ............ 49
reducers ................................. 343 time delay .................................... EMT ......................................... 27 galvanized rigid
switches ................................. 356 .................292, 295-296, 298-303 safety ..................................... 159 assemblies ..................... 463-466
Bushed nipples ........................... 71 Cast aluminum boxes ........ 143-145 Clock hanger gaskets .................................... 65
Bushings covers ............................. 143-144 receptacles ...................... 218, 237 hubs ....................................... 443
aluminum ............................ 61-62 gang extension rings ...... 144-145 Clocks ....................................... 366 liquid-tight ........................... 33-34
insulated ground .............. 54, 442 gang weatherproof commercial grade .................. 370 MC ........................................... 52
plastic ...................................... 54 boxes ............................. 144-145 Closed asymmetric lens ........... 188 PVC ......................................... 37
reducing ................................... 69 round weatherproof boxes ..... 143 Coated conduit ........................... 13 PVC assemblies ............. 459-462
Busway ..................................... 343 Cast boxes, galvanized .............. 66 Coaxial cable adapters ............. 537 PVC coated ............................. 78
Butternut ................................... 108 covers ...................................... 67 Coaxial communications take-off ..................................... 13
Butternut-XLP ........................... 109 Cast iron floor boxes.......... 153-155 cable ................................. 526-527 weight per 100' ........................ 18
Buzzers............................. 365, 367 rectangle ......................... 154-155 Coaxial plug .............................. 533 Conduit assemblies
Cast metal Cockle............................... 110, 112 aluminum flex ................. 451-454
conduit bodies ......................... 63 Code, compliance with ................. 7 EMT ................................ 447-450
C entrance elbows ...................... 63 Codes, wire................................. 88 ENT ......................................... 48
CD-ROM, installing ....................... 5 Collie................................. 109, 111 GRS ................................ 463-466
Cabinet connectors Ceiling fans ............................... 217 Color coded cable PVC ................................ 459-462
duct ........................................ 336 Ceiling fixtures for undercarpet ....................... 540 steel flex ......................... 455-458
underfloor raceway ................ 341 supporting .............................. 158 Colors Conduit bodies
Cabinets, signal ........................ 327 wraparound ............................ 176 lighting fixtures ....................... 159 aluminum ................................. 65
Cable ................................... 88-118 Ceiling mounted fixtures wire .......................................... 92 cast metal ................................ 63
aluminum ....................... 107, 113 incandescent light ........... 161-163 Combination galvanized ............................... 63
armored ................................. 103 light with canopy ............. 162-163 AC magnetic starters ...... 404-418 PVC ......................................... 41
communications .............. 521-527 utility fixture ............................ 163 clips, EMT to strut .................... 26 PVC coated ............................. 81
copper ............................. 100-104 Ceiling spacers ......................... 157 couplings ................................. 36 Conduit connectors
high voltage ............................. 88 Cellular flooring......................... 520 plates ...................... 261, 263-268 flex ...................................... 29-31
Local Area Network (LAN) ..... 527 Cement asbestos duct ................ 15 plates, jumbo ......................... 267 squeeze flexible ....................... 30
non-metallic ........................... 100 Cement, PVC.............................. 11 socket & main breaker ........... 317 Conduit cutter ............................. 10
power ..................................... 104 Cenia ................................ 110, 112 starters ............................ 404-417 Conduit, EMT,
safety ..................................... 159 Centerline clamp cable starters, bus duct ................... 357 assemblies........................ 447-450
service entrance .................... 101 connectors ............................... 532 Commercial grade Conduit flex assemblies..... 455-458
single conductor .................... 104 Centrifugal switch ..................... 377 clocks..................................... 370 Conduit hangers, EMT................ 26
543
Conduit, PVC, P&C ................................... 45, 46 set screw flex couplings ........... 32 galvanized rigid (GRS) ............ 49
assemblies........................ 459-462 pricing ...................................... 10 squeeze flex connectors .... 29, 30 intermediate metal (IMC) ......... 52
Conduit, rigid, assemblies .............. PVC coated ............................. 81 Diffusers ................................... 159 ladder tray .............................. 363
........................................ 463-466 PVC coated steel ..................... 78 polycarbonate for utility light ... 164 louvered cable tray ................ 361
Conduit spacers.......................... 76 Type EB or DB ......................... 45 Dimmer 90 degree PVC coated ............ 78
Conduit system, underfloor raceway ................ 341 fluorescent fixtures ................ 159 PVC .............................. 37, 43-45
communications....................... 519 Cover markings, handholes ...... 373 incandescent fixtures ............. 229 Electrical metallic tubing ....... 10, 17
Conduit tables, using .................. 15 Cover mounted keyless Dimming switches..................... 229 Electrician base wage................... 5
Condulets ........................... 12, 121 fixtures ..................................... 161 Disconnect switches ................. 271 Electrician defined ........................ 6
Connector lugs ......................... 118 Cover types, handy box ............ 119 Distribution section ................... 269 Electrode, driven....................... 438
Connectors ......................... 73, 115 Covers Distribution systems, Elevators, hookup ..................... 379
communications cable ........... 532 cast aluminum ....................... 143 overhead.................................. 433 Eleven circuit overhead
conduit ..................................... 29 conduit bodies ......................... 64 Doberman ......................... 109, 111 distribution systems ................. 434
data ........................................ 534 floor boxes ...................... 154-155 Dolly, reel.................................... 92 Employer’s labor burden............... 5
EMT .................................... 19-21 EMT
galvanized cast boxes ............. 67 Dome lights, corridor ................ 370
EMT conduit, set screw ......... 447 clips .................................... 26-27
GFI ......................................... 121 Door openers ............................ 371
ENT ......................................... 48 conduit ..................................... 17
handy box .............................. 123 Door switch ............................... 371
conduit assemblies ......... 447-450
flex ........................................... 29 octagon box ........................... 126 Door trip, intrusion detector ...... 371 conduit fittings .......................... 18
flexible metal conduit ............... 11 outlet box ....................... 120, 128 Double conductor lugs .............. 118 conduit hangers ....................... 26
insulated ................................ 115 precast concrete boxes ......... 373 Double face exit fixtures ........... 173 couplings ................................. 22
RG/U cable ..................... 535-536 round ............................. 136, 144 Double throw safety switches ... 282 described ................................. 10
screw-on ................................ 115 square .................................... 136 Drilling, light standard elbows ............................... 19, 27
self-stripping .......................... 115 steel raceway ......................... 426 foundation ................................ 421 fittings ................................ 10, 18
split bolt ................................. 116 surface, raised ................ 130-131 Drive-on EMT couplings ............. 22 gasketed pulling elbows .......... 27
steel set screw ......................... 74 Crew size ...................................... 6 Drop cord power ....................... 343 hand benders ........................... 27
telephone cable ..................... 534 Crimp snap, Dropouts hangers .................................... 26
twinaxial cable ....................... 537 hardware for ..................... 528-529 ladder tray .............................. 364 installation guidelines .............. 11
two bolt .................................. 117 Criollo ............................... 110, 112 louvered cable tray ................ 362 malleable entrance caps .......... 27
two-way ................................. 116 Cross, bus duct......................... 354 Drum fixtures ............................ 165 nail straps ................................ 24
wire ................................. 115-117 Crown plugs, brass ................... 156 Dry type transformers ........ 332-334 90 degree die cast elbows ....... 27
with spacers ........................... 117 Current limiting fuses ......... 291-305 Dual element plug fuses .... 283-284 pulling elbows .......................... 27
E
Conservation of energy ............ 157 Cutter, conduit ............................ 10 Duct split adapters ........................... 27
Consistency on take-offs ............ 15 Cutting blank .............................. 336, 337 steel tube ................................. 10
Construction grade concrete or masonry ................ 16 bus .................................. 346-353 straps ....................................... 24
flex conduit ................................ 33 GRS ......................................... 12 coupling ................................. 336 supporting ................................ 11
Contactors, magnetic......... 389-397
Contacts,
PL
oil ............................................. 12
PVC ......................................... 11
elbows ................................... 336
end bells, P&C ......................... 47
thin wall .................................... 10
to couplings ............................. 24
communications cable ............. 528 Cylinder lampholder.................. 170 feeder .................................... 336 to strut combination clips ......... 26
Continental lampholder...... 168-169 heaters, hookup ..................... 379 Enamel spray paint ................... 429
Control devices ......................... 383 lines ....................................... 335 Enclosed fixtures ...................... 183
Control panel, mechanical ........ 380 D materials, underfloor .............. 335 Enclosed-gasketed fixtures ...... 176
Control stations.................. 418-419 P&C ......................................... 45 Enclosed indoor ballasts........... 194
Enclosures, circuit
M
Convenience outlets ................. 218 Damp locations, fluorescent plugs, P&C ............................... 46
Converse .................................. 113 fixtures for ................................ 176 plugs, underfloor raceway ..... 341 breaker ............................. 315-316
Conversion table, Data cable connectors .............. 532 sections ................................. 337 End bells
copper/aluminum ..................... 537 Data connectors ....................... 534 staking ................................... 338 installing ................................. 373
Convex glass lens .................... 192 DB P&C duct .............................. 12 supports ......................... 336, 340 PVC ......................................... 40
End caps
SA
Conveyor control panels, DC breakers ...................... 309-310 Duplex decorator receptacles ... 245
hookup ..................................... 379 ladder tray .............................. 363
DC horns .................................. 368 Duplex receptacles ............ 239-243
Conveyors, hookup................... 379 louvered cable tray ................ 361
Deburring, raceway .................. 423 commercial ..................... 239-241
Cooling towers, hookup ............ 379 End closures, bus duct ............. 355
Decorative ceiling fans ............. 217 assemblies ..................... 515, 517
Copper End-of-row cap ......................... 158
Decorator plates ................ 263-264 grounded ........................ 240-243
building wire .......... 89, 93-96, 442 Energy conservation ................. 157
jumbo ..................................... 267 hospital ........................... 240-243
Energy consumption
bus duct .......................... 350-351 Decorator switches ............ 229-233 receptacle plates ........... 261- 262
monitoring ................................ 365
conductor lugs ....................... 118 Decorator track fixture .............. 170 residential .............................. 239
Energy saving lamps
connections, exothermic ........ 445 Deep switch plates ................... 267 specification ............ 239, 241-243
................................ 208, 211-212
flexible cords ....................... 96-99 Deep-cut trim plates ................. 221 underfloor raceway ................ 342
ENT conduit and fittings ............. 48
ring as ground ........................ 439 Duplex service drop .................. 109
Defects ......................................... 8 Entrance
service entrance cable ........... 100 Duplex switches................. 233-234
Delivery costs, material ................ 5 cable ...................................... 107
wire connector lugs ................ 118 single pole ...................... 233-234 caps ......................................... 77
Demobilization .............................. 7 switch with grounding
Copper-clad ground rods .......... 444 elbows, cast metal ................... 63
Detectors .................................. 371 receptacle ...................... 239-246
Cords, flexible .................. 89, 96-99 hubs, duct .............................. 336
Device plates ............................ 221 three-way switches ......... 233-234
Corridor dome lights ................. 370 lights ...................................... 165
Devices, EXO ........................... 271
Corridor fixtures, wraparound ... 176 Entry control systems ....... 366, 372
Corrosive locations, Dewatering ............................... 420
Die cast Entry release switch ................. 372
conduit for .................................. 15 E EPR cable................................. 104
Cost multiplier ............................... 6 bushed nipples ........................ 71
Equipment grounding
Cost tables, adjusting ................. 92 compression EMT couplings ... 23 Earthquake clips ....................... 159
conductors ............................... 440
Costena ............................ 111, 112 duplex flex connectors ............. 29 Earthquake considerations ....... 157 Equipment hookup..... 377, 379-381
Costs, additional ........................... 6 EMT connectors ................. 19-22 Earthwork ................................. 420 Escutcheon ............................... 157
Couplings.................................... 73 flex connectors ........................ 31 EB P&C duct............................... 12 Estimating
calculating quantity .................. 13 gasketed pulling elbows, Edge-type beam clamps ............. 80 access boxes ......................... 374
duct ........................................ 336 EMT ........................................ 27 Elbows accuracy .................................... 7
ENT ......................................... 48 insulated bushed nipples ......... 71 aluminum ................................. 58 bus duct ................................. 345
flex to EMT .............................. 32 insulated connectors .... 29, 30, 35 bus duct ................................. 354 cable tray ............................... 360
flex to rigid ............................... 32 liquid-tight flex connectors ....... 35 duct ........................................ 336 lighting fixtures ....................... 159
flexible conduit ......................... 32 offset nipples ........................... 73 EMT ......................................... 18 pitfalls ...................................... 16
GRS ......................................... 51 screw-in flex connectors .......... 29 entrance ................................... 63 service equipment ................. 273
malleable threadless ........... 73-74 screw-in flex couplings ............ 32 45 degree IMC ......................... 52 Estimating Electrical
malleable three piece .............. 72 set screw EMT couplings......... 22 galvanized capped................... 65 Construction ................................ 9
544
Estimating software, installing ...... 5 service ................................... 342 Framed Troffer lay-in T-bar spec grade receptacles ......... 240
Evaporative coolers, hookup .... 379 steel channel system ............. 432 fixtures ..................................... 177 side-wired receptacles ........... 237
Excavation .......................... 15, 420 steel overfloor raceway .......... 429 Frequency generator ................ 366 switches .......................... 223-236
access box ............................. 373 steel raceway ................. 431, 435 Fringe benefits .............................. 5 switches, key operated .......... 235
takeoff .................................... 420 steel surface raceway ..... 426-428 Full load amperage (FLA) ......... 378 Grounding
Exhaust fans, hookup ............... 379 two piece raceway Furnaces, hookup ..................... 379 built-in .................................... 218
Exit fixtures ........................ 171-173 assembly .............................. 430 Furring channels ....................... 158 conductors ............................. 439
EXO devices ............................. 271 underfloor duct ....................... 336 Fuse amperage, fusible connection ............................. 441
Exothermic copper underfloor raceway ................ 341 switches ................................... 271 definitions ....................... 439-440
connections ............................. 445 wireway .................................. 330 Fuses, cartridge electrode conductors ............. 439
Exothermic weld ....................... 441 Five pole contactors .......... 396-397 current limiting ................ 296-305 jumper .................................... 442
Expandable bar hangers .......... 126 Fixed-temperature detectors .... 366 fast acting ....................... 304-305 locknuts ................................. 445
Expanded metal tray................. 519 Fixture tests .................................. 8 links ................................ 288-290 problems ................................ 441
Expansion Fixture whips ............................ 434 non-renewable ................ 285-286 receptacles ..................... 237-248
anchors .................................... 86 Fixture wire ................................. 88 non-time delay ............................. requirements ................... 438-441
couplings ............................ 39-40 Fixtures ........................ 291, 293-294, 297 Grullo ................................ 111, 112
fittings ...................................... 68 estimating .............................. 159 renewable ...................... 287, 289 Guard
exit .................................. 171-173 time delay .................................... heat ........................................ 167
joint, bus duct ........................ 355
floodlights ....................... 185-189 .................292, 295-296, 298-303 lighting fixture ........................ 159
Experience, allowance for ............ 6
Explosion proof horn sirens ...... 368 fluorescent ...................... 174-180 Fuses, plug ........................ 283-284
Exposed conduit ......................... 16 HID ................................. 181-194 Fusible disconnect,
Exterior fixtures incandescent .................. 161-165 starters with ...................... 406-418 H
entrance fixture ...................... 165 lighting ............................ 157-218 Fusible plug-in switches,
Hackney............................ 111, 112
floodlights ...................... 185, 187 track light ........................ 168-171 bus duct. .................................. 356
Hand benders
walkway luminaires ................ 191 FLA (full load amperage) Fusible switches ....................... 271
EMT ......................................... 27
Exterior weatherproof rating........................................ 378 GRS ......................................... 52
potted ballast ........................... 194 Flanged end, bus duct .............. 354 Handholes ........................ 373, 375
Externally operated devices Flanges, carpet ......................... 156 G Handy boxes............................. 123
(EXO)....................................... 271 Flashing beacons ..................... 369 covers .................................... 123
Galvanized
Flat elbows, bus duct ................ 354 description ............................. 119
box covers ............................... 67
Flat glass lens, receptacle assemblies .... 508-509
cable tray ............................... 361
E
F HID fixtures .............. 188, 191, 192
capped elbows ......................... 65 switch assemblies ........... 467-470
Flex conduit assemblies Hanger spacing, cable tray ....... 358
F type connectors for cast boxes ............................... 66
aluminum ........................ 451-454 Hangers
RG/U cable .............................. 536 conduit assemblies ......... 463-466
steel ................................ 455-458 bar, adjustable ....................... 129
conduit bodies ......................... 63
Fan coil units, hookup............... 379
Fans, ceiling ............................. 217
PL
Flexible conduit........................... 28
cutting ...................................... 11
expansion fittings ..................... 68
bolt, tomic .............................. 132
bus duct ................................. 345
Fast acting fuses ............... 304-305 messenger strand .................. 114
liquid-tight ........................... 33-34 EMT ......................................... 26
Fast installation, fixtures for ...... 184 trim plates .............................. 221
Flexible conduit connectors ... 29-32 fittings ...................................... 86
Galvanized rigid steel (GRS) ...... 12
Feeder breaker ......................... 271 liquid-tight ........................... 34-35 ladder tray .............................. 364
conduit ..................................... 49
Feeder bus duct..346-347, 350-351 Flexible conduit couplings .......... 32 louvered cable tray ................ 362
conduit assemblies ......... 463-466 Hard service cord ....................... 88
Feeder circuits, aluminum wire ... 91 Flexible cords ............ 89, 91, 96-99 couplings ................................. 51 Harness, wire, overhead
Feeder duct, blank .................... 336
M
restrictions on use ................... 90 elbows ................................ 49-51
Female adapters (FA)................. 46 Flexible metallic tubing ............... 15 distribution systems ................. 433
hand benders ........................... 52 Hazardous conditions ....... 119, 121
Female conduit unions, Floodlights locknuts ................................... 54 HDE contacts............................ 528
PVC coated ............................... 80 adjustable .............................. 164 nipples ................................ 55-57 Heat guard ................................ 167
Fender washers .......................... 86 exterior ................................... 187 terminations ............................. 52 Heat-recovery fixtures ....... 178-179
SA
Ferrule type fuses .............. 285-303 heavy duty ............................. 185 Galvanized steel Heavy duty
Fiber duct.................................... 15 without poles .......................... 186 messenger strand .................... 114
Fiberglass Floor box control stations ............... 418-419
Ganged boxes and rings .......... 132 EMT straps .............................. 25
box covers ............................. 136 accessories ............................ 156 Ganging fluorescent fixtures ..... 158
outlet boxes ............ 121, 133-139 covers .................................... 155 floodlights .............................. 185
Gasketed pulling elbows, EMT ... 27 receptacles, spec grade ........ 246
switch boxes ................... 143-145 Floor boxes ........................ 153-155 Gaskets, conduit body ................ 65
Field programmable cable safety switches ............... 276-281
cast iron .......................... 154-155 Gauge, wire ................................ 88
connectors ............................... 532 spec grade switches .............. 230
outlet boxes, round ................ 153 Gender changer, cable
Fig............................................. 108 Hickory...................................... 108
semi-adjustable .............. 153-155 connector ................................. 532 Hickory-XLP.............................. 109
Fig-XLP..................................... 109 Floor mat .................................. 371 General duty safety switches.... 275 High amperage current,
Filbert........................................ 108 Flow switches, hookup ............. 379 General purpose control distributing ............................... 343
Filbert-XLP................................ 109 Fluorescent dimming stations ............................. 418-419 High bay lighting ....................... 425
Finish color, lighting fixtures ..... 159 switches ................................... 229 Generators, standby ................. 365 High bay open reflector
Fire alarm breaker .................... 272 Fluorescent fixtures .................. 174 GFCI duplex receptacles .......... 246 fixtures ..................................... 182
Fire resistance .......................... 335 aluminum frame ..................... 177 Government work, bidding............ 9 High intensity discharge (HID)
Fire stop fitting, bus duct .......... 345 assemblies ............................. 518 Ground fixtures
Fish tape ..................................... 91 ballasts ........................... 213-216 bushing .................... 62, 441, 442 area lighting ........................... 188
leader ..................................... 423 damp or wet locations ............ 176 clamp hub .............................. 438 floodlights ....... 185-187, 189, 191
Fishing vacuum .......................... 91 ganging .................................. 158 megger .................................. 440 luminaires ............... 184, 190-192
Fittings Fluorescent lamps ..... 201, 210-212 pipe ........................................ 438 recessed ......................... 181-183
aluminum tray ........................ 364 Flush mounted rod ................................. 438, 444 street lighting ......................... 194
ARC ......................................... 58 push buttons .......................... 370 rod clamp ............................... 444 walkway fixtures .................... 190
bus duct ................................. 354 screw cover boxes .......... 146-147 rod couplings ......................... 444 wall fixtures ............................ 190
cable tray ............................... 361 starters ............................ 384-385 rod stud bolts ......................... 444 High intensity discharge
communications cable .... 528-537 Flush plugs, brass .................... 156 testing ............................. 440-441 (HID) lamps ...................... 204-207
EMT conduit ............................ 18 Flush starters ............................ 386 Ground fault circuit ballasts ................... 205-207, 209
ENT conduit ............................. 48 Foundations, light standards .... 421 interrupter (GFI) core and coil .......................... 209
expansion ................................ 68 Four circuit overhead covers .................................... 121 High output (HO) lamps ............ 211
hanger ..................................... 86 distribution systems .......... 433-434 definition ................................ 440 High-potential test....................... 90
louvered tray .......................... 361 Four lamp fluorescent duplex receptacles ................. 246 High pressure sodium
P&C .................................... 45-47 fixtures ..................................... 176 Grounded ballasts .................................. 209
PVC ......................................... 38 Four pole AC magnetic conductor ............................... 439 lamps ..................................... 208
PVC coated ............................. 78 contactors ....................... 394-395 duplex receptacles.......... 240-243 lights ...................................... 186
545
High-tech building Insulation HID ................................. 204-207 Low-pressure sodium
management systems ............. 365 asbestos .................................. 89 incandescent .................. 200-203 lamps ..................................... 208
High time clause ......................... 16 heavy ....................................... 96 LED ......................... 199-200, 203 lights .............................. 186, 190
High voltage wire and cable ....... 88 kit ........................................... 540 mercury vapor ........................ 204 Lugs
splicing ..................................... 90 thermoplastic ........................... 88 quartz ..................................... 203 copper wire ............................ 118
Hinged cover wireway .............. 329 Types A and B ......................... 88 sodium ................................... 208 solder type ..................... 118, 443
Hinged pull boxes .............. 147-151 Insurance ...................................... 5 special voltage ................ 201-203 solderless type ............... 118, 443
Hinged square poles................. 196 Intermediate metal standard voltage ............. 200-203 Luminaires ................. 184, 190-192
Holes in concrete or masonry ..... 16 conduit (IMC) ............................. 52 tubular quartz ......................... 203
Hollins ....................................... 113 couplings ................................. 53 LAN (Local Area Network)
Hook stick ................................. 343 elbows ................................ 52-53 cable ........................................ 527 M
Hookup running thread ......................... 53 Large radius elbows (GRS) ... 50-51
kitchen equipment ......... 378, 380 Intermediate type spacers .......... 47 Layout, cable tray ..................... 359 Machine tool wiring ..................... 88
mechanical equipment ... 378, 380 Interrupt capacity ...................... 306 LED............................ 199-200, 203 Magnetic
motor ..................................... 379 Intrusion detectors ............ 366, 371 Lens breakers .................. 272, 308-315
standby generator .................. 381 Ionization detectors .................. 366 clear ....................................... 190 contactors ...................... 382, 389
Horizontal elbows, underfloor Isolated ground closed asymmetric ................. 188 detector .................................. 371
raceway ................................... 341 receptacles .............. 237, 240, 242 convex glass .......................... 192 starters ........................... 382, 398
Horizontal pole-mounted flat .................................. 188, 192 switches, window or door ...... 366
floodlights ................................ 186 prismatic ................................ 190 Main breaker...................... 324-326
Horn sirens ............................... 368
J Main lugs .................................. 324
vandal-resistant ..................... 180
Horns ................................ 365, 368 Jack, reel .................................... 92 Leveling Maintain-contact
Horsepower rated Jacking ..................................... 421 cable tray ............................... 358 switches ................................... 234
starters ................................... 386 Janthina ............................ 110, 112 duct ........................................ 340 Malamute .......................... 109, 111
switches .......................... 228-229 JIC wiring boxes ................ 150-151 underfloor raceway ................ 342 Male conduit adapters, ENT ....... 48
Hospital grade Job shacks.................................... 7 Light fixtures ...................... 157-218 Male conduit unions,
receptacles ....... 237, 240-243, 246 Job site access, obstructed .......... 8 bathroom ............................... 164 PVC coated ............................... 80
Hot box ....................................... 11 Job size modifiers ....................... 16 ceiling mounted Male to female offset nipples ...... 72
HP rated manual motor Joiners incandescent ........................ 162 Malleable
starters.............................. 388-389 fixtures, between ................... 158 ceiling mounted body covers, blank ................... 64
Humidistat, hookup ................... 379 ladder tray .............................. 364 with canopy.................... 162-163 bushed nipples ........................ 71
E
Hunter ....................................... 113 louvered cable tray ................ 362 commercial ............................ 157 conduit spacers ....................... 76
Journeyman electrician................. 6 estimating ............... 157, 159-160 connectors, insulated ............... 30
Juilliard ..................................... 113 exit lighting ...................... 171-173 connectors, insulated
I Jumbo switch plates finish color ............................. 159 throat flex ................................ 34
Ideal working temperature ............ 6

PL
blank ...................................... 267
combination ........................... 267
floodlights ....................... 185-191
fluorescent ...................... 174-180
connectors, liquid-tight flex ...... 34
connectors, set screw .............. 75
Illuminated switch handles........ 219 decorator ............................... 267 guards .................................... 159 connectors, squeeze flex .... 30-32
Illustrations Jumper whips ........................... 434 HID ................................. 181-194 connectors, threadless ............ 73
cable tray system, P-W .......... 359 Jumpers, bonding ....................... 68 high bay ................................. 425 couplings, flex to rigid .............. 36
plug-in bus duct ..................... 344 Junction boxes.................. 119, 335 incandescent .................. 161-167 couplings, liquid-tight
power systems equipment ..... 270 one level ......................... 339-340 mounting height ..................... 158 combination ............................ 36
IMC (intermediate metal conduit) couplings, set screw ................ 74
M
PVC ......................................... 43 pricing services ...................... 159
conduit ............................... 13, 52 PVC coated ........................ 83-84 retrofit .................................... 183 couplings, threadless .......... 73-74
couplings ................................. 53 underfloor raceway ......... 339-340 surface mounted couplings, three piece .............. 72
elbows ............................... 52, 53 incandescent ........................ 161 entrance caps, EMT ................ 27
Incandescent suspension system ................ 158 offset nipples ........................... 72
SA
dimmers ................................. 229 K track lights ...................... 168-171 reducing bushings ................... 69
fixtures ............................ 161-165 Light poles ......................... 195-198 straps, EMT ............................. 25
lamps .............................. 200-203 Key operated starters ............... 385 straps, one hole ....................... 75
Light track, surface mounted .... 168
Indent EMT couplings ................. 22 Key operated unions, three piece ................. 72
Lighted handle switches ........... 229
Indenter tools .............................. 22 switches .................... 230, 234-235 Management systems,
Lighted knob incandescent
Indoor ballasts, enclosed .......... 194 Keyed RJ45 plug ...................... 533 building .................................... 365
dimmers ................................... 229
Industrial fixtures Keyless receptacles.................. 161 Mandrel, checking conduit
Lightning ................................... 438
fluorescent ............................. 175 Keystone jacks ......................... 534 with ...................................... 15, 91
Links, cartridge fuse .......... 288-290
HID enclosed ......................... 183 Kitchen equipment hookup ....... 378 Manhattan................................. 113
Linnet ........................................ 114
Industrial-grade switches ... 225-229 Knockouts, boxes ..................... 119 Liquid-tight Manhole necking ...................... 376
Injection molded corridor flex conduit ................... 15, 33-34 Manholes .......................... 373, 375
fixtures ..................................... 176 flex connectors ................... 34-36 Manhours................................... 5-7
Insert caps L flex to rigid combination lighting fixtures ....................... 160
duct ........................................ 336 couplings ................................ 36 Manual motor starters....... 382, 384
underfloor raceway ................ 341 Labor costs Marion....................................... 113
adjusting ............................ 5, 337 Listings, subcontractor.................. 9
Inspections ................................... 7 Loadcenters ............... 272, 322-324 Marker screw, underfloor
Installation burden ....................................... 5 raceway ................................... 341
defined ....................................... 5 Local Area Network (LAN)
EMT ......................................... 11 cable ........................................ 527 Masonry box ..................... 121, 132
service entrance equipment ... 274 productivity ................................ 7 Mastic ....................................... 373
Locating duct inserts................. 337
Insulated Labor for installation Material
Locking receptacle, steel
bushed nipples ................... 71-72 lamps ..................................... 158 costs defined ............................. 5
channel system........................ 432
bushing, underfloor raceway ... 342 service entrance equipment ... 273 Locking receptacles ... 219, 253-254 delivery ...................................... 5
crimp sleeves ......................... 115 underfloor duct ....................... 337 Locknuts takeoff ........................................ 9
EMT connectors ................. 19-21 Ladder, access box .................. 373 aluminum ................................. 61 waste ....................................... 16
flex connectors ................... 29-32 Ladder tray ....................... 358, 363 grounding ............................... 445 Maximum operating
ground bushings ........ 54, 62, 442 communications cable ........... 519 GRS ......................................... 54 temperature, wire....................... 88
malleable set screw fittings ............................. 363-364 Lockup boxes ............................... 7 MC cable ........................................
connectors .............................. 75 Lampholders ...................... 168-171 Louvered cable tray .................. 361 ........... 89, 90, 103, 119, 120, 125
round bushings ........................ 54 Lamping labor, estimating ........ 158 fittings ............................. 361-362 MC connectors ......................... 103
sealtight connectors ............ 34-36 Lamps Low bay open reflector MCC (motor control center) ...... 383
set screw connectors ............... 74 estimating .............................. 158 fixtures ..................................... 183 MCM ........................................... 88
squeeze flex connectors .......... 32 fluorescent .............. 201, 210-212 Low voltage protection, Mechanical equipment
threadless connectors ........ 73-75 halogen........................... 202-203 starters.............................. 388-389 hookup............................. 378, 380
546
Megger, ground ........................ 440 magnetic starters ................... 382 installation labor ..................... 122 Pipe adapters, underfloor
Mercury switches ...................... 219 safety switches ...................... 271 number of wires allowed ........ 121 raceway ................................... 341
Mercury vapor Neritina ............................. 110, 112 sectional switch ..................... 123 Pipe inserts, underfloor
ballasts .................................. 206 Neutral size to use ............................. 122 raceway ................................... 341
floodlights ....................... 185-191 ACSR ............................. 111, 112 special ................................... 121 Pit excavation ........................... 422
HID fixtures ..................... 181-184 aluminum ................ 109, 111-112 square .................................... 127 Pitfalls, estimating....................... 16
lamps ............................. 204, 206 reduced .................................. 112 takeoff .................................... 121 Plaster
luminaires ...................... 184, 192 Nipples Outlet receptacles...... 237-242, 336 frames .................................... 158
street lights ..................... 193-194 aluminum ............................ 58-61 Overcurrent devices ................. 438 ring ................................. 119, 121
Merlin ........................................ 114 bushed ..................................... 71 Overfloor raceway, steel Plastic
Messenger strand ..................... 114 GRS ......................................... 55 boxes ..................................... 427 blank covers .......................... 142
Metal conduit, flexible ................. 11 offset ........................................ 72 fittings .................................... 426 boxes .............................. 140-142
Metal halide NM type cable................ 89, 98-100 raceway ......................... 424, 426 bushings .................................. 54
ballasts .................................. 207 Non-adjustable cast iron Overhead costs ............................ 5 locking connectors .......... 255-256
lamps ............................. 205, 207 floor boxes ............................... 153 Overhead distribution locking plugs ................... 257-258
floodlights ....................... 185-191 Non-fused disconnect, systems ................................... 433 pull lines for conduit
HID fixtures ..................... 181-184 starters...................... 404-405, 411 Overhead door, hookup ............ 380 assemblies ..................... 447-450
lamps ..................................... 206 Non-fused safety switches........ 275 Overhead service, spacers .................................... 47
luminaires ...................... 184, 192 Non-fusible switches................. 271 sockets for ............................... 317 switch rings ............................ 142
street lights ..................... 193-194 Non-metallic Overload protection .................. 271 Plate electrodes ........................ 439
Metal wireway, cable ...................................... 100 motors .................................... 377 Plates........................................ 260
communications....................... 519 conduit, ENT ............................ 48 Overload relays amp size ......................... 267-268
Metallic outlet boxes ................. 441 conduit spacers ....................... 76 motor starters ........................ 385 blank ............................... 261-263
Metallic raceway, grounding ..... 439 conduit, Type CN-P ................. 34 starters with .....388-389, 404-418 combination ............ 261, 263-268
Meter centers..................... 318-321 outlet boxes ........................... 121 Oversize plates ......................... 221 decorator ........................ 263-264
Meter sockets ................... 272, 317 sheathed cable ........... 89, 98-102 Oxidation .................................... 91 deep ....................................... 267
Mobilization................................... 7 Non-renewable fuses......... 285-286 Oyster ............................... 109, 111 jumbo ..................................... 267
Modular couplers ...................... 534 Non-time delay receptacle ........261-262, 265-268
Modular keystone jacks ............ 534 fuses ................. 291, 293-294, 297 semi-jumbo ............................ 266
Modulating valves, hookup ....... 380 P switch .............................. 260-267
Mogul aluminum conduit telephone ............................... 263
E
bodies ........................................ 65 P&C weatherproof .......................... 268
Moisture-resistant
O couplings ................................. 46 Plug-in bus duct
thermoplastic ............................. 88 duct .................................... 12, 45 aluminum ........................ 348-349
Octagon boxes .......... 120, 125-126
Momentary contact elbows ............................... 45, 46 copper ............................. 350-353
covers .................................... 126
switches ................................... 235
Momentary control switch ......... 382
PL
Off-street area lighting .............. 188
Offset bar hangers .................... 126
end bells .................................. 47
female adapters (FA) ............... 46
units ................................ 356-357
Plug-in devices
Monmouth................................. 113 fittings ...................................... 46 breakers, loadcenter .............. 324
Offset elbows, underfloor
Monorail trolley, hookup ........... 380 plugs ........................................ 46 fittings ............................. 354-355
raceway ................................... 341
Montclair ................................... 113 Pace ......................................... 113 switches .......................... 356-357
Offset nipples
Motion detectors ....................... 366 Pad mount transformer Plug fuses .......................... 283-284
die cast .................................... 73
Motivating employees ................... 7 slabs ................................ 374, 376 Plugs
malleable ................................. 72 Paging systems ........................ 365
M
Motor control center (MCC) ...... 383 communications cable ........... 533
Offsets, described....................... 10 Paint, spray enamel .................. 429
Motor control equipment .... 382-419 duct ........................................ 336
Oldenberg ......................... 110, 112 Palomino........................... 111, 112
Motor control stations ........ 418-419 PVC ......................................... 40
Olive ......................................... 108 Paludina............................ 110, 112
Motor rotation, reversing........... 377 Plum ......................................... 108
Olive-XLP ................................. 109 Pancake box ............................. 120
Motor starters, manual.............. 384 Plum-XLP ................................. 109
On-site storage ............................. 7
SA
Motorized valves, hookup ......... 380 Panel or box adapter Plumber’s perforated
One circuit overhead ladder tray .............................. 363
Motors....................................... 377 metal tape .................................. 11
distribution systems ................. 433 louvered cable tray ................ 361
hookup ................................... 379 Pneumatic switches, hookup .... 380
One gang floor boxes ............... 154 Panelboards .............. 272, 324-327
types ...................................... 378 Pole mounted
One gang masonry boxes ........ 132 circuit breaker ................. 325-326
Mounting height, lighting floodlights ................. 186-187, 189
One gang switch rating ...................................... 272
fixtures ..................................... 158 Poles......................................... 186
assemblies........................ 487-489 Par38 lamp, lampholder for ...... 168
Mouse ......................................... 91 aluminum ........................ 196-198
One hole EMT straps.................. 24 Parachute ................................... 91
MTW type wire...................... 88, 95 steel ................................ 195-196
One level junction boxes ... 339-340 Parallel beam clamps ................. 79
Multi-conductor street light .............................. 195
One piece raceways Partridge ................................... 114
communications cable ...... 523-525 telephone-power ..... 424, 436-437
sizes ...................................... 423 Peach ....................................... 108
Multi-gang masonry boxes ....... 132 Polycarbonate diffuser .............. 164
steel ....................................... 426 Peach-XLP ............................... 109 Polyvinyl chloride conduit ........... 11
Multi-gang switch boxes ........... 121 Opal globe utility fixture Pear .......................................... 107 Porcelain receptacles ............... 161
Multi-outlet strips, colors ceiling mounted ..................... 163 Pear-XLP .................................. 108 Portunas ........................... 109, 111
available .................................. 424 wall mounted ......................... 164 Pecan ....................................... 108 Potted ballasts .......................... 194
Multi-outlet systems .................. 424 Open luminaires ....................... 188 Pecan-XLP ............................... 109 Power cable .............................. 104
Murex................................ 109, 111 Open reflector fixtures .............. 182 Pedestals .................................. 541 Power cord connectors ............. 249
Mustang ............................ 110, 112 Open type contactors Pedestals for power .................. 541 Power cord plugs ............... 250-252
five pole ................................. 397 Pekingese ......................... 109, 111 Power cord receptacles ..... 248-249
four pole ................................. 396 Percheron ......................... 110, 112 Power duct................................ 339
N three pole ............................... 393 Periwinkle ......................... 110, 112 Power groove lamps ................. 212
two pole .......................... 389-391 Permits, temporary power ............ 7 Power intrafacer ....................... 541
N type connectors for Open type starters .... 385, 399, 403 Photo controls........................... 259 Power systems equipment,
RG/U cable .............................. 536 HP rated ................................ 386 Photocell controlled lights ......... 188 illustration ................................ 270
Nassa ............................... 109, 111 Orange, code name .................. 108 Photoelectric switches .............. 221 Power taps,
National Electrical XLP ........................................ 109 tungsten ................................. 223 steel channel system ............... 432
Code (NEC) ............ 10, 88-89, 438 Orange face receptacles ... 253-254 Pigeon ...................................... 114 Power, temporary ......................... 6
National Estimator, installing ........ 5 Ought scale ................................ 88 Pignut ....................................... 108 Pratt .......................................... 113
Necking, manhole ..................... 376 Outlet box covers...... 120, 128, 136 Pignut-XLP ............................... 109 Precast concrete access
NEMA Outlet boxes .............. 133-139, 153 Pigtail plug ................................ 533 boxes ................................ 373-376
cable tray ............................... 358 concrete ................................. 126 Pilot switches ............................ 232 Preheat lamps .......................... 210
Class 1 pull boxes .......... 146-148 fiberglass ............................... 133 Pins, cable contacts.................. 528 Pressure switches .................... 366
Class 3R pull boxes ........ 148-150 handy ..................................... 123 Pinto ................................. 110, 112 hookup ................................... 380
547
Prewired duplex R Retrofit fixtures, recessed Screw cover wireway ................ 328
receptacles ....................... 239-248 HID ................................... 182-183 Screw-in fuses .......................... 271
Prewired fixture housings ... 166-167 R14 lamp, lampholder for ......... 169 Retrofitting for Screw terminals ........................ 533
Prewired switches.............. 223-232 R20 lamp communications....................... 520 SE-SER plastic jacket cable ..... 107
Prices, adjusting ....................... 222 continental lampholder Reversing motor rotation .......... 377 Sealing fittings, PVC
Pricing for .................................. 168-169 Reversing starters ............. 388-389 coated ................................... 84-85
access boxes ......................... 374 decorator track fixture for ....... 170 RG/U cable, plug Sectional box receptacle
wiring devices ........................ 221 petite cylinder lampholder connectors for ................... 535-536 assemblies........................ 510-513
Pricing service, lighting for ......................................... 169 Right angle beam clamps ........... 79 Sectional box switch assemblies
fixtures ..................................... 159 R30 lamp Rigid conduit ............................... 49 15 amp ............................ 471-478
Printing National Estimator continental lampholder for ..... 169 aluminum ................................. 58 20 amp ............................ 479-486
instructions .................................. 5 shielded universal assemblies ...................... 463-466 Sectional switch boxes ..... 119, 124
Prismatic lens lampholder for ....................... 168 elbows ................................ 49-50 Sections, duct ........................... 337
fixtures ................................... 181 stepped base lampholder for ... 171 terminations ............................. 52 Self illuminating
R40 lamp Rigid steel exit fixtures ............................ 173
luminaires .............................. 190
continental lampholder for ..... 169 conduit clamps ......................... 77 Self-stripping connectors .......... 115
Productivity factors .................... 7-8
shielded universal conduit, galvanized .................. 49
Profit ......................................... 5, 7 Semi-adjustable floor boxes
lampholder for ....................... 168 couplings (IMC) ....................... 53
Public address systems ............ 365 cast iron .......................... 153-155
stepped base lampholder for ... 171 nipples ................................ 55-57
Pull boxes sheet metal ..................... 153-154
Raceway Rings
hinged ............................. 147-152 Semi-flush mounted socket ...... 317
defined ..................................... 10 gang extension ............... 144-145
NEMA Class 1 ................ 146-148 fittings, underfloor .................. 341 Semi-jumbo switch plates ......... 266
NEMA Class 3R .............. 148-150 plastic switch ......................... 142 Service drop wire ............... 110-111
steel ....................................... 431 switch..................................... 129
raintight ........................... 148-150 surface ............................ 423-437 Service entrance cable ....... 88, 101
Pull line for conduit RJ11 jack .................................. 533 Service entrance caps, PVC....... 42
surface, steel ......................... 426 RJ45 plug and jack ................... 533
assemblies........................ 447-466 underfloor ....................... 335-342 Service entrance
Pull rate ...................................... 91 Roadway luminaires ................. 193 equipment ......................... 269-334
Radio suppressors.................... 159
Pulley, wire ............................... 423 Rock outcrop ............................ 420 checklist ................................. 273
Raintight meter centers ............ 321
Pulling Rockland................................... 113 Service fittings .......................... 342
Raintight pull boxes ........... 148-150
elbows, EMT ............................ 27 Rocky soil, excavation .............. 420 Service section ......................... 269
Raised box covers .................... 131
wire .......................................... 91 Rod couplings ............................. 86 Set screw connectors, steel........ 74
Ramapo .................................... 113
Pump control panels, hookup ... 380 Rapid-start lamps ..................... 210 Rod, threaded ............................. 86 Set screw couplings
E
Push button stations .......... 418-419 Rate-of-rise detectors ....... 366, 371 Roller/plunger detector ............. 371 malleable ................................. 74
Push buttons, signal ... 366, 370-371 Raven ....................................... 114 Romex ................................. 98-100 steel EMT ................................ 23
Push on-off dimmers ................ 229 Receptacle and handy clamps ................................... 119 Setter ........................................ 111
PVC box assemblies ................. 508-509 Rotary incandescent SEU cable........................... 89, 101
bending .................................... 11
boxes ....................................... 43
Receptacle and sectional
PL
box assemblies ................. 510-513
dimmers ................................... 229
Rotating beacons...................... 369
SEU type wire ........................... 107
Seven circuit overhead
caps ......................................... 40 Receptacle assemblies...... 508-517 Round distribution systems ................. 434
conduit ..................................... 37 duplex ............................ 515, 517 box covers ............................. 136 Sheet metal
conduit assemblies ......... 459-462 single ............................. 514, 516 cylinder lampholder ............... 169 floor boxes ...................... 153-154
conduit bodies .................... 41-42 Receptacle fiberglass boxes .............. 133-136 hinged cover pull boxes ... 147-148
couplings, expansion .......... 39-40 plates .................261-262, 265-268 fixtures, glass ceiling ............. 162 JIC wiring ....................... 150-151
weatherproof .......................... 268 fixtures, opal glass utility ........ 165
M
covers ...................................... 43 panels for JIC enclosures ...... 152
described ................................. 11 Receptacles 119, 237-249, 253-254 fixtures, walkway ................... 190 raintight screw cover
elbows .......................... 37-38, 43 duplex ............................. 239-243 fixtures, white trim .................. 166 pull boxes ..................... 148-149
end bells .................................. 40 single .............................. 237-238 flanges, carpet ....................... 156 raintight hinge cover
fittings ...................................... 38 Recessed fixtures floor box covers ..................... 154 pull boxes ...................... 149-150
door ....................................... 181 floor outlet boxes ................... 153
SA
junction boxes .......................... 43 screw cover pull boxes ... 146-149

outlet boxes ........................... 121 fluorescent ............................. 177 luminaires ....................... 191-192 tray, communications ............. 519
plugs ........................................ 40 HID ................................. 181-183 poles ............................... 197-198 Shepherd .................................. 111
incandescent .................. 166-167 RSC (rigid steel conduit)............. 12 Shielded cable .......................... 104
reducing bushings ................... 41
Rechargeable batteries, Runcina ............................ 110, 112 Shielded universal
service entrance caps .............. 42
exit fixtures .............................. 172 Running thread, steel ................. 53 lampholder ............................... 168
PVC coated
Rectangular floor box covers .... 155 Shopping subcontractor bids ........ 9
beam clamps ...................... 79-80
Rectangular floor boxes Shoring ..................................... 420
clamps ................................ 79-80
conduit ..................................... 78
cast iron ................................. 155 S Short-circuit interrupting
sheet metal ............................ 154 capacity ................................... 271
conduit bodies .................... 81-82 Red neon pilot switches............ 233 S type flexible cord ............... 89, 96
conduit unions ......................... 80 Show Me video, viewing ............... 5
Reduced neutral ....................... 112 Safety clips ............................... 159 Side or back wiring,
couplings ................................. 81 Reduced wall conduit, flex, Safety switches.......... 271, 275-282 switches ............................ 223-232
couplings, steel ........................ 78 aluminum or steel ...................... 28 240 volt general duty ............. 275 Side-mounted single-lamp
covers ...................................... 82 Reducers, bus duct........... 343, 355 240 volt heavy duty ......... 276-277 fixtures ..................................... 174
fittings ...................................... 78 Reducing 600 volt heavy duty ......... 278-281 Side-wired receptacles ...... 237-245
junction boxes ..................... 83-84 bushings ............................. 69-70 rating ...................................... 271 Side-wired switches ........... 223-232
sealing fittings ..................... 84-85 bushings, PVC ......................... 41 Safety wire and cable ............... 159 Side/back wired
straps ....................................... 79 couplings, PVC coated ............ 81 Sail switches, hookup ............... 380 receptacles ....................... 237-245
U-bolts ..................................... 80 underfloor raceway ................ 341 Sales tax ....................................... 5 Side/back wired
PVC jacketed voltage drop ............................. 14 Sand encasement....................... 15 switches .................... 225, 227-230
communications cable ...... 521-525 washers ................................... 70 Sand, excavation ...................... 420 Signal
Refrigeration, hookup ............... 380 Scaffold work ................................ 6 cabinets ................................. 327
Regis ........................................ 113 Scallop .............................. 110, 112 systems .......................... 365-372
Q Reinforcing, overfloor Schedule 40 PVC terminal cabinets ................... 327
raceway ................................... 424 conduit ..................................... 37 transformers .................. 366, 370
Quadruplex ........................ 111-112 Remote ballasts ........................ 159 couplings ........................... 38, 39 Silent switches .......................... 219
service drop ........................... 110 Renewable cartridge elbows ..................................... 38 Silicon-bronze conduit ................ 15
Quail ......................................... 114 fuses ................................ 287, 289 Schedule 80 PVC Single conductor cable ............. 104
Quality control............................... 8 Rental equipment, earthwork.... 420 conduit ..................................... 37 Single decorator receptacles .... 244
Quartz lamps ............................ 203 Residential switches ................. 223 elbows ..................................... 38 Single face exit fixtures..... 171, 173
Quiet switches ........... 223-227, 230 Restrictions Scheduling ................................ 6, 8 Single gang
Quince ...................................... 108 conduit ..................................... 11 Screw cover boxes ......................... switch boxes ........... 137-138, 141
Quince-XLP .............................. 109 use of armored cable............... 88 .........................146-147, 148-149 switch rings..................... 129-130
548
Single pole Squeeze flexible conduit Subcontractor listings ................... 9 rapid-start .............................. 210
space, breakers in ................. 307 connectors ............................ 30-32 Subgrade conditions ................. 420 slimline ................................... 211
switches ...........223-229, 230-235 Stainless steel raceway ............ 431 Sub-panels ............................... 271 T17 preheat lamps.................... 212
Single receptacles .......................... Staking duct .............................. 338 Suffolk............................... 111, 112 T9 circular fluorescent lamps.... 212
.........................237-238, 241-242 Standard colors, wiring Sump pumps, hookup............... 380 Taft ........................................... 113
assemblies ..................... 514, 516 devices .................................... 218 Super metalarc lights ................ 186 Takeoff.......................................... 9
plates .............. 261, 265, 267-268 Standard switches .................... 218 Supervision ................................... 6 cable tray ............................... 360
underfloor raceway ................ 342 Standard voltage lamps ..... 200-203 Support material, special .......... 158 conduit ..................................... 13
Single stroke Standard wall Supporting straps ....................... 11 consistency .............................. 15
bells ....................................... 367 GRS conduit ............................ 49 Supports excavation ............................. 420
chimes ................................... 369 steel conduit, flex ..................... 28 cable tray ............................... 358 lighting fixtures ............... 157, 160
Single-lamp strip fixtures .......... 174 Standby electrical generators ... 365 duct ........................................ 340 motor control equipment ........ 382
Sirens ............................... 365, 367 Standby engine-generators ...... 378 GRS ......................................... 12 outlet boxes ........................... 121
horns ...................................... 368 hookup ................................... 381 Surface cabling ......................... 519 underfloor duct ....................... 337
Sizes Standpipes, underfloor Surface covers.......................... 131 wire .......................................... 92
outlet box ....................... 119, 122 raceway ................................... 342 Surface metal raceway wiring devices ........................ 218
Starter/circuit breaker, assemblies............................... 431 work sheet ............................... 14
wire .......................................... 88
bus duct ................................... 357 Surface mounted Tamper-resistant (TR), cost
SJ type flexible cord ........ 89, 96-97
Starter/fusible switch, breaker enclosures ......... 315-316 adjustment for.....239-242, 244-246
SJO type flexible cord............ 97-98
bus duct ................................... 357 buzzers .................................. 367 Tandem breakers ..................... 307
Slab, transformer .............. 374, 376 fluorescent fixtures ................ 174
Sleeves ..................................... 115 Starters Tap & splice adapter................. 540
incandescent fixtures ............. 161 Tap boxes, bus duct ................. 355
Slide control dimmers ............... 229 combination .................... 404-417
push buttons .......................... 370 Tapered poles........................... 196
Slimline lamps .......................... 211 magnetic ................................ 398
screw cover boxes .......... 146-147 Taxes ............................................ 5
Smart buildings ......................... 365 motor ..................................... 384
single circuit light track .......... 168 T-bar fixtures ............................ 177
Smoke detectors............... 366, 371 motor, manual ........................ 384 Surface raceway ................ 423-437
with stainless steel covers ..... 384 Tee
SO type flexible cord ............ 89, 97 communications ..................... 519 bus duct ................................. 354
Soapstone duct........................... 15 Station wire connectors ............ 540 fittings .................................... 427
Stations, control ................. 418-419 ladder tray .............................. 363
Sockets .............................. 318-321 Suspension system, lighting ..... 158 louvered cable tray ................ 361
cable contacts ........................ 528 Stats, outside air, hookup ......... 380 Swan......................................... 114
Steel Telephone
meter ............................. 269, 317 Swanate.................................... 114 plates ..................................... 263
Sodium lamps ........................... 208 boxes, overfloor raceway ....... 427 Sweetbriar ................................ 113 terminal cabinets ................... 327
E
Solder cup contacts .................. 528 conduit blank body covers ....... 64 Switch assemblies ............. 467-507
conduit, rigid ............................ 49 Telephone cable ....................... 525
Solder type lugs ........................ 118 handy box ....................... 467-470 connectors ............................. 534
Solderless type lugs ................. 118 flex conduit assemblies ... 455-458 one and two gang ........... 487-507
hex nuts ................................... 86 fittings .................................... 534
Solenoid valves, hookup........... 380 sectional box ................... 471-486 Telephone-communications
Solid armored cable.................. 103
Solid communications
PL
messenger strand .................. 114
poles ...................................... 195
Switch boxes ..................... 123-125
fiberglass ........................ 137-139
pole ................................... 436-437
Telephone-power
cable ................................ 521, 525 raceway base ........................ 426 four gang ....................... 139, 142 poles ......................... 424, 436-437
Solid direct burial cable ............ 100 raceway cover ....................... 426 single gang ......137-138, 141-142 Temperature
Solid wire ................. 88, 93-94, 108 raceway fittings .............. 431, 435 three gang ..................... 139, 142 detectors ................................ 371
reducing bushings ................... 69 two gang ........................ 138, 141
Spacers ...................................... 76 operating for wire ..................... 88
reducing washers .................... 70 Switch control schemes ............ 220
ceiling .................................... 157 Temporary electrical service......... 7
M
running thread ......................... 53 Switch handles, Temporary power ......................... 6
conduit ..................................... 76
set screw connectors ............... 74 illuminated ............... 225, 229, 232 Terminal blocks ........................ 541
connectors ............................. 117
straps .................................. 75-76 Switch legs ................................. 92
plastic ...................................... 47 Terminal cabinets ..................... 327
surface raceway .................... 426 Switch plates ..................... 260-267
Spaniel.............................. 109, 111 Terminations
Steel channel, overhead deep ....................................... 267
Sparate ..................................... 114 aluminum ................................. 62
SA
distribution, fittings ................... 432 jumbo ..................................... 267

Spare key switches................... 235 GRS ......................................... 52
Steel channel (strut) & fittings..... 87 semi-jumbo ............................ 266
Sparrow .................................... 114 rigid conduit ............................. 52
Steel compression EMT Switch ring ................ 119, 121, 129
Special outlet boxes ................. 121 Terrier ....................................... 111
connectors ............................... 21 Switchboard connections,
Special support material ........... 158 Test blocks ............................... 318
couplings ................................. 23 bus duct ................................... 345
Special voltage lamps........ 201-203 Testing, service entrance
Steel fittings Switches ............................ 223-236
Specialty switches ............. 229-233 equipment ................................ 273
overfloor raceway .......... 426, 429 bus duct ................................. 356
Specialty, choosing....................... 8 TF type wire ................................ 88
surface raceway ............. 427-428 commercial ......224-227, 230-233
Specification grade TFF type wire.............................. 88
Steel frame fluorescent disconnect ............................. 269
receptacles ..... 240-241, 243, 246 entry release .......................... 372 TFFN type wire ..................... 89, 96
fixtures ..................................... 177 THC connector for RG/U
switches ................................. 230 Steel tube EMT ........................... 10 grounded ........................ 223-236
handy box assemblies .... 467-470 cable ........................................ 536
Spherical lampholder ................ 170 Stem ......................................... 157
industrial ......................... 225-229 Thermal circuit breakers ........... 272
Splice connectors, Stephens .................................. 113
key operated ........... 230, 234-235 Thermal magnetic
telephone cable ....................... 534 Stepped base lampholders ....... 171
momentary control ................. 382 breakers.................... 272, 308-315
Split adapters, EMT .................... 27 STO type flexible cord .......... 89, 99
one gang assemblies ...... 487-489 Thermoplastic insulation ............. 88
Split bolt connectors ................. 116 Straight couplings, P&C.............. 45 THHN type wire ...... 88, 93, 94, 105
Spray paint, enamel.................. 429 quiet ........................ 223-227, 230
Strain relief cable cover ............ 533 Thin wall EMT ............................. 10
Square residential .............................. 223
Stranded cable Threaded hubs, boxes ................ 66
boxes ............................. 120, 127 safety ...................... 271, 275-282
armored ................................. 103 sectional box assemblies... 471-486 Threaded rod, steel .................... 86
exterior walkway luminaires ... 191 communications .............. 521-525 Threading
side or back wiring .......... 223-232
fiberglass boxes ..................... 136 direct burial ..................... 100-101 wire .......................................... 91
specialty .......................... 229-233
glass fixtures .......................... 161 service entrance .................... 100 GRS ......................................... 12
time release ........................... 372
luminaires .............................. 192 Stranded wire ...88, 93-95, 108-109 Threadless connectors ............... 73
two gang assemblies ...... 489-507
opal glass utility drum Straps .................................... 75-76 Switching whips ........................ 434 Three conductor lugs ................ 118
fixture .................................... 166 malleable ................................. 75 System engineering, Three gang boxes
outlet boxes ........................... 127 PVC coated ............................. 79 channel wiring.......................... 425 floor ................................. 154-155
poles, hinged ......................... 196 steel, one hole ......................... 75 switch ..................................... 142
switch rings ..................... 129-130 supporting ................................ 11 Three lamp fluorescent
tapered steel poles ................ 196 Street light poles ....................... 195 T fixtures ..................................... 175
walkway fixtures .................... 190 Street luminaires....................... 193 Three phase circuit ..................... 92
white glass light fixture .......... 166 Stress cone................................. 88 T12 lamps Three pole
Square base aluminum light Strip fixtures.............................. 174 high output ...................... 211-212 contactors ....................... 391-393
poles ........................................ 198 Strombus .......................... 110, 112 preheat .................................. 210 starters ............................ 400-403
549
Three-position switches ..... 234-235 Two pole Universal appliance ................................. 96
Three-way switches ........... 232-233 contactors ....................... 389-391 arrows ............................. 171-172 bare copper, weight ............... 102
Through boxes.......................... 121 starters ............................ 398-399 lampholder ............................. 168 codes ....................................... 88
Thumper ..................................... 90 Two screw flex connectors ......... 31 Uplight ...................................... 175
THW type wire .............. 88, 93, 105 URD type cable ........................ 113 colors ....................................... 92
Two speed starters ............ 388-389
THWN type wire ......................... 88 Two-way connectors................. 116 USE type wire ............................. 88 connectors ...................... 115-117
Time delay fuses Type 1 and 2 duct ..................... 335 USE, RHH-RHW conversion table .................... 537
plug ........................................ 284 Type A insulation ........................ 88 type wire ............................ 95, 106 copper ............................... 93-104
cartridge ...292, 295-296, 298-303 Type B insulation ........................ 88 Utility high voltage ................................ 88
Time switches ........................... 236 Type C PVC conduit bodies ....... 41 boxes ..................................... 373
drum fixture ............................ 165 lugs ........................................ 118
Timed release switch ................ 372 Type CN-P liquid-tight flex
Timers....................................... 236 non-metallic conduit................... 34 fixture .............................. 163-164 pulley ..................................... 423
Toggle bolts ................................ 86 Type DB P&C duct with pulling ................................. 91-92
Toggle switches ........................ 223 coupling ..................................... 45 safety ..................................... 159
Tomic bolt hangers ................... 132 Type E PVC conduit bodies........ 41 V service drop .................... 110-111
Tools Type EB or DB couplings ........... 45
Vacuum, fishing .......................... 91 sizes ........................................ 88
EMT hand benders .................. 27 Type EB P&C duct with
GRS hand benders .................. 52 Valves, 3-way, hookup ............. 380 sleeves .................................. 115
coupling ..................................... 45 Vandal-resistant lens ................ 180
indenter .................................... 22 Type EF flex steel conduit .......... 33 solid ............................ 92-94, 108
steel channel system ............. 432 Vassar ...................................... 113
Type FA female PVC adapters ... 39 stranded .......92-96, 105, 108-109
steel raceway ......................... 429 Ventilated door fixtures ............. 181
Type FS PVC boxes ................... 43 Vertical elbows, underfloor takeoff ................................ 14, 92
Top shield tape ......................... 540 Type HC liquid-tight raceway ................................... 341 threading .................................. 90
Track lighting and extra flex conduit ....................... 34
fixtures .............................. 168-171 Vertical runs, allowances for....... 16 weatherproof .......................... 107
Type LB conduit bodies .............. 63 Video cameras.......................... 365
Traffic covers ............................ 373 Type LB PVC conduit XLP ........................................ 108
Transceiver/drop Voice & data cable.................... 540
bodies ................................... 41-42 Volatility of costs ........................... 5 Wire and conduit
shielded cable.......................... 527 Type LL conduit bodies .............. 63 assemblies........................ 447-518
Transformer slabs............. 374, 376 Voltmeter .................................. 317
Type LL PVC conduit bodies ...... 42 Voluta ............................... 110, 112 Wire lugs................................... 118
Transformers ............. 273, 332-334 Type LR conduit bodies .............. 63
signal ............................... 366, 370 Wire nuts .................................. 115
Type LR PVC conduit bodies ..... 42
Transite duct ............................... 15 Wireway ..................... 272, 328-329
Type LT flex steel conduit........... 33 W
E
Transition boxes ....................... 540 Type OR liquid-tight flex fittings .................................... 330
Transition junction boxes .......... 541 conduit ....................................... 33 Walkway fixtures....................... 190 Wiring device plates .......... 260-268
Transition partitions .................. 540 Type SLB entrance elbows......... 63 luminaires .............................. 191
Transition section, Wiring devices ........... 119, 218-268
Type T conduit bodies, Wall-mounted
bus duct ................................... 343
Trapeze bar .............................. 345
PL
PVC coated ............................... 82 fixtures ................................... 190
standard colors ...................... 218
Wiring harness
Type T PVC conduit bodies ........ 42 floodlights .............................. 187
Trapeze hangers ........................ 12 single-lamp fixtures ................ 176 overhead distribution
Type TA terminal PVC
Tray, cable ................................ 358 utility fixture ............................ 164 systems ................................ 434
adapters..................................... 39
Trenching............................ 15, 420 Walnut ...................................... 108
Type TB conduit bodies, PVC two piece steel raceway ........ 434
Trim plates Walnut-XLP .............................. 109
coated ........................................ 82 Wiring instructions, motors ....... 377
wiring device ................... 260-268 Washers
Type UA liquid-tight flex
M
Triplex service fender ...................................... 86 Work area enclosed fixtures ..... 183
conduit ....................................... 33
drop ...................109-110, 112-113 steel, reducing ......................... 70 Work sheet, sample .................... 14
Type X conduit bodies ................ 63
Troffer lay-in T-bar fixtures ....... 177 Waste ......................................... 16 Working conditions,
Troffer fluorescent PVC coated ............................. 82
allowance for ....................... 5, 13 adjusting for ................................. 6
assemblies............................... 518 lamps, allowance ................... 158
SA
Trough tray ............................... 358 Water pipe Working temperature, ideal .......... 6
Tubular quartz lamps ................ 203 U as ground ............................... 438 Wraparound
Twinaxial communications U-bolts, PVC coated ................... 80 ground clamps ....................... 443 fluorescent fixtures ................ 176
cable ........................................ 526 U-ground receptacles ............... 247 Waterseal ................................. 373 glass bathroom fixtures ......... 164
Twinaxial plug ........................... 533 Weatherproof
UF cable ............................. 89, 100 Wrought iron pipe ....................... 15
Twist-lock receptacles .............. 219 boxes .............................. 143-145
Ufer ground system .......... 438, 439 Wye connectors, underfloor
Twisted pair cable.............. 521-523 covers .................................... 144
UL label ...................................... 10
fittings ............................. 529-537 duplex receptacle plates ........ 268 raceway ................................... 342
Undercarpet wiring
Two bolt connectors ................. 117 plates ..................................... 268 Wye couplings, underfloor
systems ............................ 538-541
Two circuit potted ballasts ....................... 194 raceway ................................... 342
overhead distribution Underfloor duct
pull boxes ....................... 143-150
systems ................................ 433 fittings .................................... 336 Wyes, duct ................................ 336
single receptacle plates ......... 268
surface raceway .................... 430 materials ................................ 335
wire ........................................ 107
Two gang Underfloor raceway
Weight
floor boxes ...................... 154-155 communications ..................... 519 bare copper wire .................... 102 X
switch assemblies ........... 489-507 fittings .................................... 341 conduit ..................................... 18
switch boxes .................. 138, 141 materials ................................ 335 Welded switch boxes ................ 119 XHHW type wire ........... 88, 94, 106
switch rings ..................... 129-130 Underground Wells ......................................... 113 XLP
Two hole steel EMT straps ......... 25 branch circuit cable .................. 88 Wesleyan .................................. 113 cable ................................ 90, 104
Two lamp distribution cable .................... 113 Wet locations, fluorescent duplex .................................... 111
fluorescent fixtures ................ 176 feeder cable ............................. 88 fixtures for ................................ 176
service entrance cable ............. 88 quadruplex ............................. 112
strip fixtures ........................... 174 Wheel trenchers ....................... 420
Two phase conductors ............. 113 service, sockets for ................ 317 Whips, fixture ............................ 434 triplex .............................. 111-112
Two piece steel raceway .......... 426 Underwriter’s Laboratories ......... 10 White glass light fixture............. 166 wire ......................... 106, 108-109
assembly ............................... 429 Uninsulated crimp sleeves........ 115 Whittier ..................................... 113
base ....................................... 426 Unions Wing nuts.................................... 86
fittings .................................... 430 conduit, PVC coated ................ 80 Wire ..................................... 88-118 Z
sizes ...................................... 423 malleable 3 piece ..................... 72 ACSR ..................................... 108
steel channel system ............. 433 Unit heaters, hookup ................ 380 aluminum ................. 90, 105, 106 Zurara ................................110, 112
550

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George H. Booth, Vice President Sales — Graybar Electric Company, Inc.

Steve Koundouriotis — P-W Western, Inc.

Don Geibel — Walker Division of Butler Manufacturing Company.

Cover design: Jennifer Johnson

©2016 Craftsman Book Company

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Fluorescent Fixtures ......................................... 174

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Section 8: Bus Duct 343

Communications Cable .................................... 521

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How to Use This Book

ditions. For example, when conduit is run in groups,

before. Yet each must coordinate the work he does

Work Sheet Estimate No.: M351

EMT conduit in floor slab or multiple runs on a trapeze

EMT conduit in concealed areas, walls and closed ceilings

EMT conduit installed in exposed areas

3/4" [email protected] CLF 113.00 159.00 272.00

EMT Hand Benders are on page 27.

EMT 45 degree elbows

EMT 90 degree elbows

Conduit weight per 100 feet (in pounds)

Diameter steel plastic 40 steel rigid steel aluminum

Indent EMT connectors

Die cast set screw EMT connectors

4" [email protected] Ea 30.00 9.96 39.96

Steel set screw EMT connectors

Indenter tools are on page 22.

Insulated steel set screw EMT connectors

Die cast compression EMT connectors, raintight

Insulated die cast compression EMT connectors, raintight

3/4" [email protected] Ea 1.72 2.39 4.11

Steel compression EMT connectors, raintight

Insulated steel compression EMT connectors, raintight

Die cast indent offset EMT connectors

3/4" [email protected] Ea 3.17 3.98 7.15

Die cast set screw offset EMT connectors

Indenter tools are on page 22.

EMT Connectors and Couplings

Steel compression offset EMT connectors, raintight

Indent EMT couplings

Die cast set screw EMT couplings

Set screw steel EMT couplings

Die cast compression EMT couplings, raintight

Steel compression EMT couplings, raintight

3/4" [email protected] Ea .59 2.39 2.98

EMT Couplings and Straps

Die cast EMT to flex couplings

Steel EMT to GRS compression couplings, raintight

Steel EMT nail straps

Steel one hole EMT straps

2-1/2" [email protected] Ea 1.81 3.98 5.79

One hole heavy duty steel EMT straps

One hole malleable EMT straps

Two hole steel EMT straps

2" [email protected] Ea 1.38 3.98 5.36