Name of Student : __________________________________

Year Level/Strand : __________________________________

CREATIVE WRITING (HUMSS 11)

WEEK 5-6
Self-Learning Module

Subject Description:
The course aims to develop practical and creative skills in reading and writing; introduce students to the fundamental
techniques of writing fiction, poetry, and drama; and discuss the use of such techniques by well-known authors in a
variety of genres. Each class will be devoted to the examination of techniques and to the workshop of students’ drafts
toward the enrichment of their manuscripts. Students learn how to combine inspiration and revision, and to develop a
sense of form.

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):

1. Identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices in various modes of fiction (HUMSS_CW/MPIg-i-11)

Topic Title: Various elements, techniques, and literary devices in

various modes of Fiction

Objectives:
At the end of the module the students can:
1. identify the elements of fiction;
2. discuss the various of fiction;
3. explain the techniques in writing fiction; and
4. appreciate some literary pieces which used various identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices.

WHAT I KNOW?

Directions: Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being defined in each number. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write
your answers on your answer sheet. This is just a pretest. Your score in this part won’t be graded.

1. __ is an element of a short story or prose which is the vantage point, perspective, or angle from which the story is told.
a. Point of view b. character c. plot d. setting
2. __ is a type of character who is central to the story with all major events having some importance to this character.
a. narrator b. antagonist c. protagonist d. reader
3. __ is the series of events of a story. Freytag’s Pyramid is the other term for this. It is a planned, logical series of events
having a beginning, middle, and end.
a. Point of view b. character c. plot d. setting
4. It is a kind of plot where the story starts with an introduction of the characters and setting and involves the development
of the story.
a. Modular/episodic b. verbal c. linear d. dramatic
5. A Plot device technique used to focus the reader’s, but not the characters’ attention on an object, or location is called
__.
a. Flashing arrow b. Red Herring c. Deathtrap d. In medias res
6. A plot device that distracts the reader’s attention from the plot twist. It is used to maintain tension and uncertainty is _
a. Flashing arrow b. Red Herring c. Deathtrap d. In medias res
7. A Vision Technique where series of dreams which allows the character to see events that occur or have occurred in
another time is called __.
a. Prophecy b. Dream Sequence c. Analepsis d. Prolepsis
8. It is an abrupt ending that leaves the plot incomplete, without denouement, it often leaves characters in a precarious or
difficult situation which hint at the possibility of a sequel.
a. Deus ex Machina b. Happy Ending c. Twist Ending d. Cliff Hanger
9. It is the general emotional weather of the literary piece.
a. irony b. dramatic premise c. tone d. theme

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 10. The character’s Struggle takes place in his/her own mind. It is usually has something to do with a choice (choosing
between right or wrong), or it may have to do with overcoming emotions or mixed feelings.
a. Major Conflict b. Minor Conflict c. Internal d. External

WHAT’S IN?
Learning Task 1: Arrange to Know
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letter to identify the words that are relevant to our topic. Definitions will help you to
determine the hidden words. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels, that describes
INOTCFI
imaginary events and people.

The complex interrelationship between a text and other texts taken as basic to the
IYNTTILREEXTTUA
creation or interpretation of the text
A category of literary composition; genres may be determined by literary techniques,
ENRGE
tone, content, or even (as in the case of fiction) length
the main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by
TLOP
the writer as an interrelated sequence.
literary or linguistic technique that produces a specific effect, esp. a figure of
ICEVDE
speech, narrative style, or plot mechanism.

DISCUSSION

What is Literature?
Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work; etymologically the term derives from Latin literatura/litteratura
"writing formed with letters", although some definitions include spoken or sung texts. More restrictively, it is writing that
possesses literary merit, and language that foregrounds literariness, as opposed to ordinary language.

Importance of Literature
 Serves as an art form used for expression
 preserves cultural ideals, customs, and morals.
 gives us a deeper context into the lives and livelihood of people distinct from ourselves.

"Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires
and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become."
- C.S. Lewis, a British scholar and novelist.

What is a genre?

What is a genre \zhän-rə\

is a French word for "kind" or "sort is the term for any category of literature or other forms of art or entertainment, e.g.
music, whether written or spoken, audial or visual, based on some set of stylistic criteria.

What is Prose?
Prose is a form of language that possesses ordinary syntax and natural speech rather than rhythmic structure; in which
regard, along with its measurement in sentences rather than lines, it differs from poetry.
Normal everyday speech is spoken in prose, and most people think and write in prose form. Prose comprises of full
grammatical sentences, which consist of paragraphs, and forgoes aesthetic appeal in favor of clear, straightforward language. It
can be said to be the most reflective of conversational speech. Some works of prose do have versification, and a blend of the
two formats that is called “prose poetry.”

Example of a Poetry Verse vs. the Prose Form

Following is a poetry verse from a popular work of Robert Frost:

“The woods are lovely, dark and deep.

But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.”

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 (Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, by Robert Frost)

Prose Form

Following is the same sentiment written in prose form:

“The woods look lovely against the setting darkness and as I gaze into the mysterious depths of the forest, I feel like
lingering here longer. However, I have pending appointments to keep, and much distance to cover before I settle in for the
night, or else I will be late for all of them.”

The above paragraph is conveying a similar message, but it is conveyed in ordinary language, without a formal
metrical structure to bind it.

Function of Prose
While there have been numerous basic discussions over the right and substantial development of composition, the
explanation behind its selection can be credited to its inexactly characterized structure, which most authors feel great utilizing
when communicating or passing on their thoughts and considerations. It is the standard style of composing utilized for most
spoken exchanges, anecdotal just as effective and genuine composition, and talks. It is additionally the normal language utilized
in papers, magazines, writing, reference books, broadcasting, theory, law, history, technical studies, and numerous different
types of correspondence.

Some Common Types of Prose

Nonfictional Prose: A literary work like essays, biographies and autobiographies that are mainly based on fact, though
it may contain fictional elements in certain cases.
Fictional Prose: Holistically or partially imagined stories like novels and stories.
Heroic Prose: A literary work that might be recorded or recounted, and which utilizes a significant number of the
standard articulations found in oral custom. Models are legends and stories. Epics and Legends may be examples of this.
Prose Poetry: A literary work that shows poetic characteristics and nature and utilizing passionate impacts and
elevated symbolism. However these are written in exposition rather than section.

Examples of Prose in Literature

Prose in Novels
This is usually written in the form of a narrative and may be entirely a figment of the author’s imagination.

Example #1: David Copperfield (By Charles Dickens)

“Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must
show.”

Example #2: Anna Karenina (By Leo Tolstoy)

“Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.”

These examples of prose have been taken from novels, where the writers have employed their imaginations. They are
examples of fictional prose.

Prose in Speeches
Prose used in speeches often expresses thoughts and ideas of the speaker.

Example #3: Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech (By Mother Teresa)
“The poor are very great people. They can teach us so many beautiful things.”

Example #4: Equal Rights for Women speech (By U.S. Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm)
“As for the marriage laws, they are due for a sweeping reform, and an excellent beginning would be to wipe the existing ones off
the books.”

These prose examples have been taken from speeches where the writing is often crisp and persuasive and suits the occasion
to convey a specific message.

Prose in Plays
Prose written in plays aims to be dramatic and eventful.

Example #5: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (By Tennessee Williams)

“You can be young without money, but you can’t be old without it.”

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Example #6: As You Like It (By William Shakespeare)
“All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players.”

Prose in plays is frequently in conversational mode and is conveyed by a character. Notwithstanding, its style remains the
equivalent all through the play as indicated by the character of the character. Fiction incorporates short stories, books, fantasies,
anecdotes, sentiments, and legends. For the most part, center around one or a couple of significant characters that manage
issues or challenges in their lives.

Questions to Ponder: Can you recall some of your favorite prose literary pieces way back in elementary and junior high
school? Can you identify if it is a story in a novel or a short story or a speech or a script of a play? What is the common
elements that you can recall about particularly in Fiction?

A. Elements of Fictional Prose

I. SETTING - The time and location in which a story takes place is called the setting.  There are several aspects of a story's
setting to consider when examining how setting contributes to a story (some, or all, may be present in a story): 
a)  place - geographical location. 
b)  time - When is the story taking place?
c)  weather conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc? 
d)  social conditions - What is the daily life of the characters like?
e)  mood or atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? 

II. CHARACTER
– People who take part in the story
– Individuals that do the action in the story
– The representation of a person in the story
– Is revealed by the tone of voice
– Occasionally, it could be an animal or object given human qualities
– There are two meanings for the word character: 
The person in a work of fiction. 
The characteristics of a person.

Protagonist – the chief figure who struggles against opposing forces

Antagonist – the force, most often another character, that opposes the protagonist 
Dynamic Character – one whose attitudes and values are affected by the events in the story
Flat Character – a character having only a single trait or quality
Round Character – a multi-dimensional or a complex character
Static Character – one whose personality, attitudes, and beliefs remain fixed, no matter what kinds of situations he encounters

Characterization - The development of characters as done by the short story writer. The way in which an author presents and
reveals his/her characters.

Ways to do Characterization
– Direct presentation
– the author makes explicit/outright statements or explanations about the characters
Examples:
 As the years passed, Makato grew tall and handsome.
 He never idled. He never complained and was always satisfied.
 He did every kind of work—carrying heavy things, clearing away the forest, or feeding pigs.

– Indirect presentation
– the author reveals the characters through actions and dialogues
Example:
 “I would like to go on a journey for an adventure,” said Makato.

III. PLOT
The plot is the logical arrangement of events in a story or play.  The plot is a organized. logical series of events having a
beginning, middle, and end.

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Kinds of Plot
1. Linear Plot
In literature, a linear plot begins at a certain point, moves through a series of events to a climax and then ends up at
another point.
Also known as the plot structure of Aristotle, it is possible to represent a linear plot line with the drawing of an arc.
The primary advantage of using a linear plot is that the reader knows, or at least has an idea, of where the plot goes
next, and the reader is guaranteed to get a beginning and ending.
a)  Introduction - The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed.
b)  Rising Action - This is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed (events
between the introduction and climax).
c)  Climax - This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story.  The reader wonders what will happen next;
will the conflict be resolved or not?
d)  Falling action - The events and complications begin to resolve themselves.  The reader knows what has happened next and
if the conflict was resolved or not (events between climax and denouement).
e)  Denouement - This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.

2. Modular Plot
Nonlinear narrative, disjointed narrative or disrupted narrative is a narrative technique, sometimes used in literature,
film, hypertext websites and other narratives, where events are portrayed, for example out of chronological order, or in other
ways where the narrative does not follow the direct causality pattern of the events featured, such as parallel distinctive plot lines,
dream immersions or narrating another story inside the main plot-line. It is often used to mimic the structure and recall of human
memory, but has been applied for other reasons as well.
It is a story that does not follow a linear narrative. That is, it doesn’t move in a chronological order, instead jumping
around within the story or between different stories. Sometimes, the different sections don’t even feature the same characters or
world. Instead, they are united by thematic meaning.

3. Episodic Plot
Made up of a series of chapters or stories linked together by the same character, place, or theme but held apart by
their individual plot, purpose, and subtext.

IV. CONFLICT - Conflict is essential to plot.  It is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot
move. Within a short story there may be only one central struggle, or there may be one dominant struggle with many minor
ones.

There are two types of Conflict:

1)  External - A struggle with a force outside one's self.

2)  Internal - A struggle within one's self; a person must make some decision, overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge,
etc.

There are various kinds of Conflict:

1)  Man vs. Man (physical) - The leading character struggles with his physical strength against other men, forces of nature, or
animals. A character struggles with another character.
Protagonist vs. Antagonist
The classic “good guy” vs. “bad guy” situation.

Example: - Spiderman. This is the story of Peter Parker who is nerdy high-schooler.

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 One day while on an excursion to a laboratory a runway radioactive spider bites him... And his life changes in a way no
one could have imagined. Peter acquires a muscle-bound physique, clear vision, ability to cling to surfaces and crawl over walls,
shooting webs from his wrist... But the fun isn’t going to last.
An eccentric millionaire Norman Osborn administers a performance enhancing drug on himself and his maniacal alter
ego Green Goblin emerges. Now Peter Parker has to become a Spider-Man and take Green Goblin to the task... Or else Goblin
will kill him. They come face to face and the war begins in which only one of them will survive at the end

2)  Man vs. Circumstances (classical) - The leading character struggles against fate, or the circumstances of life facing him/her.

3) Man vs. Nature - A character struggles with a force of nature (natural disaster, desolation, animal, etc.) Usually, the character
is struggling to survive.
Example: San Andreas. In the movie, A series of massive earthquakes hits Nevada and California. Caught in the middle is a
helicopter rescue pilot, Raymond Gaines. Flying his helicopter, he must first rescue his ex-wife, Emma, and his daughter, Blake.
Meanwhile, a pre-eminent seismologist, Dr Lawrence Hayes, is trying to predict where the next earthquake will hit.

4) Man vs. Society - In this conflict, a character, or a group of characters fight against the society in which they live. The
character fights against social traditions or rules (fight for freedom, rights, for a cause etc.) Society becomes a “character” of its
own. Usually used to comment on positive or negative aspects for real society. (SATIRE)
Example: Avatar. In the movie Avatar a man is put into an army to get rid of a civilization of blue creatures. They want the
civilization to move to another location cause their town is built over rich treasures. But the civilization prays to their God in that
one location. Jake Scully (main character) is told to go into a replica of a body from civilization. After getting used to how they
live he wants to help them fight for their land, so he starts a war to help keep their land.

5) Man vs. Self - The character’s Struggle takes place in his/her own mind.
Usually has something to do with a choice (choosing between right or wrong), or it may have to do with overcoming emotions or
mixed feelings.
Example: Tangled (Rapunzel). In the movie Tangled Rapunzel, experiences man vs. Self throughout the movie. She cannot
decide if she want to stay in the tower or defy her “mother’s wishes and leaved the tower. When she finally decides to leave, she
is very hesitant and does not know if what her “mother” has told her is true or not. She goes back and forth with herself
wondering what will happen if she continues.

6) Man vs. Supernatural - is a conflict between a character and something that is not normal in some way. Supernatural
elements include ghosts, omens, and superstitions.
Example: Predator
- The U.S government hires a team of commandos. The group of goes to Guatemala. There they battle and invisible
extraterrestrial with superhuman strength.

7) Man vs. Fate - This type of Conflicts occurs when is trapped by an inevitable destiny, freedom and free.
Example: Example: Fahrenheit 451
-In part of Fahrenheit 451, “Burning Bright,” Montag’s Fate is to be hunted and killed. The Hound, programmed to kill Montags,
is chasing him, and has the TV says, “The Mechanical Hound never fails” (page numbers vary by edition)..

8) Man vs. Technology - The protagonist must overcome a machine or technology. Most often the encounter with the machine
or technology is through the character's own doing. For example, it may be technology or a machine that they created,
purchased, or owned with the assumption that it would make their life easier. Over time the protagonist must overcome the
technology, in some instances, even destroying it before it destroys them.
Example: The Matrix. Thomas A. Anderson is a man living two lives. By day he is an average computer programmer and by
night a hacker know as Neo. Neo has always questioned his reality, but the truth is far beyond his imagination. Neo finds
himself targeted by the police when he is contacted by Morpheus, a Legendary computer hacker branded a terrorist by the
government.

V. POINT OF VIEW
Point of view, or P.O.V., is defined as the angle from which the story is told.
1.  Third Person P.O.V – The narrator does not participate in the action of the story as one of the characters but let us know
exactly what the characters feel. (uses third personal pronoun he, she, it, they)
2.  First Person - The story is told by the protagonist or one of the characters who interacts closely with the protagonist or other
characters (using pronouns I, me, we, etc). 
The reader sees the story through this person's eyes as he/she experiences it and only knows what he/she knows or feels.
3.  Omniscient- A narrator who knows everything about the characters is all knowing or omniscient.
a)  Omniscient Limited - The author tells the story in third person (using pronouns they, she, he, it, etc).  We know only what the
character knows and what the author allows him/her to tell us. We can see the thoughts and feelings of characters if the author
chooses to reveal them to us.

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b)  Omniscient Objective – The author tells the story in the third person.  It appears a camera is following the characters, going
anywhere, and recording only what is seen and heard. No interpretations are offered.  The reader is placed in the position of
spectator without the author there to explain.  The reader must interpret events on his own. 

VI. THEME - The theme in a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight.  It is the author's underlying meaning or
main idea that he is trying to convey.  The theme may be the author's thoughts about a topic or view of human nature.  The title
of the short story usually points to what the writer is saying, and he may use various figures of speech to emphasize his theme,
such as: symbol, allusion, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, or irony.  
Some simple examples of common themes from literature, TV, and film are: 
- things are not always as they appear to be 
- Love is blind 
- Believe in yourself 
- People are afraid of change
- Don't judge a book by its cover

Presenting the theme of the prose:

• the feelings of the main character about the subject written about
• through the thoughts and conversations of different characters
• the experiences of the main character in the course of a literary work
• the actions and events taking place in a narrative
Theme Vs. Subject
• A poem’s subject is the topic of the poem, or what the poem is about
• The theme is an idea that the poem expresses about the subject or uses the subject to explore
• Example: So, for example, in the Edgar Allan Poe poem “The Raven”, the subject is the raven, who continually repeats
a single word in response to the speaker’s questions.
• The theme of the poem, however, is the irreversibility of death—the speaker asks the raven, in a variety of ways,
whether or not he will see his dead beloved again, to which the raven always replies “nevermore.”
Motifs
• Look for meaningful repeated elements in the poem, or motifs.
• An example from the poem “The Raven” is the repeated word “nevermore.”
• Whenever an element is repeated in a poem, you should assume it is both intentional and meaningful.
• Motifs are often connected to the theme of the poem, as is the case with “nevermore.” This connection is so close that
many people use the words “theme” and “motif” interchangeably.

VII. TONE
• When you speak, your tone of voice suggests your attitude.
• In fact, it suggests two attitudes: one concerning the people you’re addressing (your audience) and the other
concerning the thing you’re talking about (your subject).
• That’s what the term tone means when it’s applied to poetry as well. Tone can also mean the general emotional
weather of the poem.
Example: “And the trees all died. They were orange trees. I don’t know why they died, they just died. Something wrong with the
soil possibly or maybe the stuff we got from the nursery wasn’t the best. We complained about it. So we’ve got thirty kids there,
each kid had his or her own little tree to plant and we’ve got these thirty dead trees. All these kids looking at these little brown
sticks, it was depressing.”

Questions to Ponder: Can you still recall the novel that you have analyzed when you were taking the 21 st Century
Literature in the Philippines and the World? How was the storyline? Was the author used effectively the elements?

B. TECHNIQUES AND LITERARY DEVICES

A literary device is a technique that shapes narrative to produce an effect on the reader. It is a literary or linguistic
technique that produces a specific effect, esp. a figure of speech, narrative style, or plot mechanism.

Plot Device - an object, character or a concept introduced into the story by the author to introduce its plot.

1. Flashing arrow- technique used to focus the reader’s, but not the characters’ attention on an object, or location.
Example: The Shutter
A man wonders on his consistent neck ache without knowing that he is carrying the ghost all those times.
2. Red herring- it distracts the reader’s attention from the plot twist. It is used to maintain tension and uncertainty.
Example: Professor Snape of Harry Potter
In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Severus Snape is a red herring, sneaky and behaving suspiciously but
not, eventually guilty. In fact, Snape's chequered path through the books is littered with red herrings. Less
ambiguously, Sirius Black is painted as an evil character, to be feared, which is undermined when he finally meets
Harry.
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 3. Deathtrap- device that the villain uses to try to kill the protagonist and satisfy his own sadistic desires.
Example: Different Death scenes in Final Destination stories
4. Reverse chronology- is a technique where the story begins at the end and works back toward the beginning.
Example: The White House Story where the story begins at the end and progressed the story while taking the story
backward.
5. ‘In medias res’- the narrative starts in the middle of the story instead of from its beginning. Other events are often
introduced through a series of flashbacks.
Example: The Odyssey of Homer. The story started in the middle instead of the beginning of the story. Flashbacks
were used to introduce the initial events in the story.

VISION - character share with the reader visions of the past or the future to explain a character’s motives.

1. Dream sequence- series of dreams which allows the character to see events that occur or have occurred in another
time
Example: The Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens
Ebenezer Scrooge had a series of dreams which allowed him to see the events happened in another time with the help of
the Christmas ghosts of the past, present and future and led him to change his attitude.
2. Analepsis (flashback)- prevents events from before the current time frame. Flashbacks are usually presented as
characters’ memories and are used to explain their background.
Example: Titanic. The story used Rose, the main character, to tell the events happened to Titanic.
3. Prolepsis (flash-forward)- presents events that will occur in the future.
Example: Final Destination seeing what will happen in the future.
4. Prophecy- is often used in science fiction to underline their futuristic structures.
Example: Breaking Dawn’s Final Rival Scene between the Volturi and Bella Swan and Edward Cullen’s family. Alice who
has a premonition supernatural presented the prophecy, the possible event that can be happened once the action will be
continued.
5. Foreshadowing- is a premonition, muck like a flash-forward, but only hints at the future.
Example: Toy Story 2. The use of Buzz’s glass space helmet to ignite the rocket string was foreshadowed when Buzz was
accidentally burnt because of the glass lens.

ENDING - refers to story endings

1. Cliff-hanger- an abrupt ending that leaves the plot incomplete, without denouement, it often leaves characters in a
precarious or difficult situation which hint at the possibility of a sequel. Films with sequel are examples of this.
2. Twist ending- is an unexpected finale that gives an entirely new vision on the entire plot. It is a powerful technique but
may leave the reader dissatisfied and frustrated.
Example: Planet of the Apes. Twist: As Taylor escapes with mute companion Nova (Linda Harrison), he is stunned to
discover that he didn't land on a distant planet, he was back on Earth, centuries into the future.
3. Happy ending- a finale when everything ends in the best way for the hero.
Example: Since the target audience are the children, Disney Movies have Happy endings.
4. Deus ex machina- plot dating back to ancient Greek theater, where the conflict is resolve through a means (god, or
dues) that seem unrelated to the story. This allows the author to end the story as desired without following the logic
and continuity of the story.
For a plot device to be a Deus Ex Machina, it has to satisfy the following conditions:
 The plot is facing an impossible and hopeless problem, no existing characters can solve.
 A new element is introduced.
 The element itself usually doesn't have any plot/character development to set it up.
 Even if the element was previously mentioned, it was never used in such fashion, or never explained to have such
power.
 The element is here to solve this problem and disappear again. The element's power was never used to solve other
problems, even the situation is similar.
 The element is independent of character choices made in the story.
Perfect example of Deus ex machina is the Fairy Godmother of Cinderella who helped her during the moment that the
reader thought that no one could help the main character.

Questions to Ponder: Among the literary techniques and devices presented, which one for you is the most effective?
What will be the devices and techniques that you will use in your own fictional story?

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Read and Tell!

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 Directions: Read the statements with understanding. Identify the Theme, Subject and Tone of the following excerpts. Use the
table below and write your answers on your answer sheet.

Literary Piece Theme Subject Tone

1
2
3
4
5

1. The space travelers were travelling to the moon, when their spaceship suddenly ran out of fuel. They were all
frightened to learn that they wouldn’t be able to return to Earth and could only land on the moon.
2. Their marriage ceremony was taking place in a grand hotel. All the eminent people of the city were invited, the reason
that the celebration was excellent.
3. The teacher said that she hoped all of her students would pass with good grades.
4. The politician was delivering a speech on the need for peace between two neighboring states. He said through peace
they could achieve what not possible through war.
5. The general commanded his troops to open fire at the enemy, and to kill each and every soldier of the combatants.

Activity 2: Very Short Story Time

Directions: Read the short stories with understanding. Use the table below to determine the parts of the plot in each story and
write your answers on your answer sheet.

Elements Story 1 Story 2

1. Plot

Exposition

Rising Action

Climax

Falling Action

Denouement

2. Point of View

3. Characters

4. Setting

5. Conflict

1. Kaitlin wants to buy a puppy. She goes to the pound and begins looking through the cages for her future pet. At the
end of the hallway, she sees a small, sweet brown dog with a white spot on its nose. At that instant, she knows she
wants to adopt him. After he receives shots and a medical check, she and the dog, Berkley, go home together.

2. Scott wants to be on the football team, but he’s worried he won’t make the team. He spends weeks working out as
hard as possible, preparing for try outs. At try outs, he amazes coaches with his skill as a quarterback. They ask him to
be their starting quarterback that year and give him a jersey. Scott leaves the field,

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What I Know
Read and understand the poem by Maya Angelou titled “Phenomenal Woman”. Identify the words, images, and details that stand
out in the poem. Then, complete the matrix below by writing the words, imagery, or details that stood out when you read the
poem yourself. You can list down as much as you can if your feel that those words really stand out for you.

Discussion

Imaginative Writing versus Technical Writing

Imaginative writing is that which expresses the writer’s thoughts and feelings in a creative, unique, and poetic way. Examples of
imaginative writing are poetry, fiction such as short stories and novels, creative non-fiction like travel writing, nature writing,
sports writing, autobiography, memoir, interviews, comics, play scripts, and hypertext.
While imaginative writing may be for a variety of purposes, its main purposes is to entertain and educate. Its content
imaginative, and symbolic. Its language is informal, artistic, and figurative. The vocabulary used is evocative and is usually
written for a general audience. The tone, which refers to the mood, attitude, feelings, or emotion of the writer towards the
subject or topic, is subjective.
On the other hand, technical writing is a form of writing technical communication or documentary in science and technology, or
applied science that helps people understand a product or service.
The main purpose of technical writing is to form and to trigger the person into action such as purchasing a product or service. Its
purpose may also be to instruct or to persuade, but never to entertain.
The content is factual and straightforward. It is expressed in formal, standard, or academic language. The write-up uses a
specialized vocabulary and follows a set of rules conventions. It is also organized in a sequential or systematic pattern. Often, it
is detail and requires advanced knowledge in the specific field.

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The tone of technical writing output is objective and its audience is specific uses language to evoke either an emotional or
intellectual response from the audience or reader.
Examples of technical writing are end user documentation like manuals that accompany cellular phones, personal computers, or
laptops; traditional technical writing such as legal analysis, summary of experiments for journal publications, or articles for trade
publication; and technological marketing communication.

What’s In

Activity 1

Unlocking of difficulties
Direction: In you ½ crosswise, define in one sentence the following words that are found in the poem “Phenomenal Woman” by
Maya Angelou. Then, use these words in a sentence.
1. PHENOMENAL –
2. STRIDE –
3. SWARM –
4. MYSTERY –
5. ARCH –

Activity 2
Direction: Search and list down at least five (5) examples of imaginative writing and technical writing using the given graphic
organizer. Write your answers in a ½ crosswise.

Imginative Writing Technical Writing

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Activity 3
Direction: In a ½ crosswise, compare and contrast imaginative writing and technical writing using the Venn diagram.

Guide Questions:
1. What is imaginative writing?
2. What is technical writing?
3. What are the elements of imaginative writing? technical writing?
4. What is the main difference between imaginative writing and technical writing?

Assessment:
Direction: Read the selections below. Draw a if you think it is imaginative writing and a if it is technical writing.

Selection Heart or Star

1. “We had become very hungry; we felt that it was necessary for us to eat in order to maintain
both our morale and our endurance. Our cabman took us to a restaurant. When we entered
it was rather crowded, but we managed to find a table and sit down. There followed that
hiatus of which every Negro in the United States knows the meaning. At length, a man in
charge came over and told us without any preference of palliation that could not be served.”
(James Weldon Johnson, “Outcasts in Salt Lake City”)
2. “The effects of a respondent’s socio-economic back-ground on his or her attitudes toward
minority groups were analysed with the help of a multivariate linear regression model.
Multivariate regression models explain variations of the dependent variables by a linear
combination of independent variables. In this case, the models were calculated to explain
the sum indices for each dimension, country by country.” (SORA, “Attitudes towards
Minority Groups in the European Union”)
3. “The tree entered my hands, / The sap has descended my arms. / The tree has grown in my
breast - / Down-wards, / The branches grow out of me, like arms.” (Ezra Pound, “A Girl”)
4. “The most common mistake when planting a tree is digging a hole, which is either to deep
or too narrow. Too deep and the roots don’t have access to sufficient oxygen to ensure
proper growth. Too narrow and the root structure can’t expand sufficiently to nourish and
properly anchor the tree.” (“Planting a Tree @ tree-planting.com)
5. “If you see the signup form, fill out your name, email address or phone number, password,
birthday and gender. If you don’t see the form, click Sign Up, then fill out the form, Click
Sign Up.” (www.facebook.com)
6. “The internet is, a fountain of information. / It’s available to everyone, in every nation. /
Pages for children to read and enjoy / along with the spam, which can really annoy. / Poetry
and forums for everyone’s pleasure / just about anything, even selling your treasure.”
(Bernard Howe, “The Internet”)
7. “This paper presents the conceptual linkages between food security and nutrition and
reviews data on the associations between experience-based measures of food insecurity
and nutritional status outcomes in countries at different stages of the nutrition transition.”
(Voices of the Hungry, “Food Security and Nutrition in the context of the Global Nutrition
Transition”)
8. I come among the peoples like a shadow. / I sit down by each man’s side. / None sees me,
but they look on one another. / And know that I am there. / My silence is like the silence of

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 the tide / That buries the playground of children; (Robert Laurence Binyon, “Hunger”)
9. “it is much safer to be feared than loved because ...love is preserved by the link of
obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their
advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails.” (Niccolo
Machiavelli, “The Prince”)
10. “Results from cumulative years of the National Demographic and Health Survey and the
latest result of the 2011 Family Health Survey, shows that teenage pregnancy in the
Philippines, measured as the proportion of women who have begun childbearing in their
teen years, has been steadily rising over a 35-year period. These teenage mothers are
predominantly poor, reside in rural areas and have low educational attainment.” (“Teenage
Pregnancy in the Philippines: Trends, Correlates and Data Sources”, Dr. Josefina
Natividad)

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

DENNIS JADE G. NUMERON RAE ABNEE GARRIDO

Subject Teacher Asst. School Principal/SHS Coordinator

LUZ L. ESPERA
School Principal

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