ARCHITECTURAL CORRELATION 1 –FINALS REVIEWER

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2

1. Expansion Bolt – An anchoring device having an expandable socket that swells as a bolt
is tightened into it; used in masonry walls for attaching timber, etc.
2. 20 mm – Minimum rebar rules for distance to edge for formed concrete not exposed to
earth or weather: slabs, walls, joists: #11 and smaller bars.
3. Fascia Board – In timber construction, a wide board fixed to the wall, the wall plate, or
the ends of the rafters. It usually carries the gutter.
4. Wind Bracing – Structural members, usually diagonal, specially designed to resist the
wind forces.
5. Expansion Joint – A joint or gap between adjacent parts of a building, structure, or
concrete work which permits their relative movement due to temperature changes (or
other conditions) without rupture or damage.
6. Joint – The space between adjacent surfaces (as between masonry units), or the place
where two members or components are held together by nails, fasteners, cement, mortar,
etc.
7. Rebar – A steel bar having ribs or slightly projecting patterns on its surface to provide a
greater bond with concrete when used in reinforced concrete.
8. Shore – A temporary support, of timber or other material, used in compression as
temporary support for excavations, formwork or propping of unsafe structures.
9. Precast – Said of a concrete member that is cast and cured in other than its final position.
10. Foundation – Any part of a structure that serves to transmit the load to the earth or rock,
usually below ground level.
11. Raised Floor – A false floor which provides a space for cables or ducts above the
structural floor.
12. Excavation – The removal of earth from its natural position.
13. Two-Way Slab – A slab spanning between beams or walls in two directions.
14. Clear Span – The distance between the supports of the structure.
15. Level – An instrument used by a carpenter to determine a horizontal or a vertical line;
consists of a spirit level set in a straight bar of wood or metal.
16. Wall Footing – It is also known as continuous footing built specifically to support walls
placed below bearing walls that are located at both interior and exterior of a structure.
17. Weephole – A small hole left at the base of a retaining wall, cavity wall, window or
curtain wall to allow accumulated condensation or other moisture to escape.
18. Footing – That portion of the foundation of a structure which transmits loads directly to
the soil.
19. Staging – A temporary platform for workers and the materials they use in building
erection.
20. 600 mm – As per NBCP minimum requirements for Group A dwellings, footing shall be
of sufficient size and strength to support the load of the dwelling and shall be at least how
many millimeters placed below the surface of the ground.
21. Distance Between Columns – Important thumb rules to be followed for column layout
design includes the size of the columns, alignment of columns and this.
22. 2.00 meters – Minimum stair headroom clearance.
23. Retarder - It slows the hydration or hardening, of the wet concrete and often used in
hotter temperatures so the concrete doesn’t set too quickly.
24. Construction Joint – A joint (usually in in-situ concrete) to enable the building process to
be interrupted, without detracting from the strength of the structure.
25. Curtain Wall – A thin wall supported by the structural frame of the building as opposed
to a bearing wall.
26. Reinforced Column – A concrete column containing reinforcement such as steel rods or
wire mesh.
27. Hooked Bar – A concrete reinforcing bar whose end is bent to improve its anchorage,
generally through 90 or 180 degrees.
28. Batten – A narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel
boards in the same plane.
29. 8 mm Ø @ 150 mm – Minimum size of column ties and spacing distance center to
center.
30. Roof Framing – The assemblage of roof members which provide support for the roof
covering.
31. 12 mm – Minimum size of beam main reinforcement bars.
32. Jamb – One of the vertical members at each side of an opening such as a doorframe or
window frame.
33. Stud Wall – A timber-framed wall. The studs, or vertical members, are usually spaced at
300-600 mm (12-24 in.) centres. Also a similar wall built with steel studs.
34. Shop Drawings – Drawings, usually prepared by a specialist supplier or fabricator,
showing sufficient detail to allow offsite manufacture of a part of a building.
35. 4 pcs – 12 mm Ø – Minimum number of column vertical rebars and size.
36. Combined Footing – A footing which supports more than one column load.
37. Flashing – Sheet metal or other sheet material used to cover open joints in exterior
construction, such as joints in parapets or roof valleys, and above and below window
openings, to prevent ingress of water.
38. Butt – Type of weld that is preferred for bars which are placed in a vertical position.
39. Final Set – A degree of stiffening of a mixture of cement (or concrete or mortar) and
water greater than the initial set.
40. Cantilever Footing – A footing having a tie beam to another footing to balance a
structural load not symmetrically located with respect to the footing.
41. Top Plate – The horizontal member at the top of a stud wall.
42. Stringer – The inclined member that supports the treads and risers of a stair.
43. Roof Sheathing – The boards or sheet material, especially plywood, fastened to the roof
rafters, onto which the shingle or other roof covering is laid.
44. Working Drawings – Drawings containing the information needed for construction.
45. Grade – To reduce a slope to an easy or uniform gradient at ground level.
46. Fenestration – The arrangement and design of windows in a building.
47. Earthwork – Operations connected with the movement of earth.
48. Eaves – That part of a roof that projects beyond the exterior wall; usually the lower edge
of a sloped roof.
49. Finished Floor Line – The floor line, usually laid over a subfloor, which provides the
completed floor surface.
50. Tie – The lateral or hoop reinforcement in reinforced concrete columns.
51. Girder – It is generally a primary beam which supports secondary beams as opposed to a
joist.
52. 12.00 m – Bars in the Philippines are available in stock lengths of 6.00, 7.50, 9.00, 10.50,
and this length.
53. One-Way Slab – This type of reinforced slab design has structural strength in the shortest
direction.
54. Fillet – Type of weld preferred for bars which will bear a load in a horizontal position.
55. Consistency – The ability of freshly mixed concrete or mortar to flow, and fill the
formwork without voids.
56. Bearing Capacity – The type of footing chosen for a particular structure is affected by the
magnitude of the column loads, position of the water table, depth of foundations of
adjacent buildings and most importantly _______ of the underlying soil.
57. Beam – A structural member whose prime function is to carry transverse loads, as a joist,
girder, rafter, or purlin.
58. Shrinkage – Contraction due to moisture movement. The two building materials most
affected are timber and concrete.
59. Fastener – A mechanical device, weld, or rivet for holding together two or more pieces,
parts, members, or the like.
60. Stirrup – A bent rod, usually U-shaped or W-shaped; used in reinforced brick or concrete
construction.
61. 3/4” – The maximum coarse aggregate size should not exceed one-fifth of the narrowest
dimension between side of forms, one-third the depth of slabs, or ____ of the minimum
clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars, bundles of bars, or pre-tensioning
strands.
62. Grade Beam – Reinforced concrete beam which is normally placed directly on the
ground.
63. Dowel Bar – Short reinforcing bars of steel which extend approximately equally into two
abutting piece of concrete, to increase the strength of the joint.
64. Splice Plate – A metal plate used for fastening two or more members together.
65. 75 mm – For footings and other principal structural members in which the concrete is
deposited directly against the ground, cover to the bottom reinforcement shall be this
much in mm.
66. 250 mm – As per NBCP minimum requirements for Group A dwellings, footing shall be
of sufficient size and strength to support the load of the dwelling and shall be at least of
this thickness.
67. Finish – The texture and smoothness of a concrete surface after compacting and finishing
operations have been performed.
68. Cantilever – A beam, girder, truss, or structural member or surface that projects
horizontally beyond its vertical support, such as a wall or column.
69. Tilt-up Construction – A method of precast concrete construction in which members are
cast horizontally in a location adjacent to their final position, and tilted into place after
removal of the molds.
70. Space Frame Construction – A structure system assembled of linear elements so arranged
that forces are transferred in a three-dimensional manner and in some cases, the
constituent element may be two-dimensional in the form of a flat or curved surface.
71. Box Gutter – A gutter of a rectangular cross section, built behind a parapet or in a roof
valley.
72. King Post – In a truss, as for a roof, a vertical member extending from the apex of the
inclined rafters to the tie beam between the rafters at their lower ends.
73. 800 mm – Minimum stair handrail height above the nosing of treads.
74. 38 mm – Minimum rebar rules for distance to edge of concrete for formed concrete
exposed to earth or weather, beams and columns.
75. Dry Construction – The use of dry materials such as gypsum board, plywood, or
wallboard in construction, without the application of plaster or mortar.
76. Reinforced Concrete – Concrete containing reinforcement designed on the assumption
that the concrete and reinforcement act together in resisting forces.
77. Storey Height – The vertical distance from the finished floor on one storey to the finished
floor in the storey above.
78. 200 mm – As per NBCP requirements, the rise of every step in a stairway shall not
exceed this.
79. Concrete cover – It is required to protect the rebar against corrosion and to provide
resistance against fire.
80. Formwork – The mould for freshly placed concrete (which gives it its shape), as well as
the supporting structure and bracing required to support its weight.
81. 4 – Minimum no. of beam main reinforcement bars
82. 100 mm – Minimum thickness of reinforced concrete slab on grade.
83. Suspended Ceiling – A false ceiling suspended from the floor above.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 3

1. 2.00 meters – Minimum stair headroom clearance.

2. Finish – The texture and smoothness of a concrete surface after compacting and finishing
operations have been performed.
3. Polyurethane Foam Coating – This is not a good way of protecting steel structures from
fire.
4. Reinforced Concrete – Most common foundation material.
5. 4 – Maximum number of bundled bars.
6. Sleeves – Inserts that allow pipes to pass through hardened concrete members.
7. One-Way Slab – This type of reinforced slab design has structural strength in the shortest
direction.
8. 8 mm Ø @ 150 mm – Minimum size of column ties and spacing distance center to center.
9. Elevator – Not a means of egress in case of fire.
10. Cleat – Short timber member connecting a purlin to the truss.
11. Nails – Most common connector used for partition framing.
12. Gusset Plate – Steel plate on truss joints that allows proper space for connectors.
13. Stud – Vertical structural elements of timber framed partitions.
14. Bolts – Locally, most common connector used in wood trusses.
15. Lally Columns – Concrete filled steel pipes used as columns.
16. Dressed Lumber – S2S is a type of this.
17. 12 mm – Minimum size of beam main reinforcement bars.
18. Butt – Type of weld that is preferred for bars which are placed in a vertical position.
19. S – Usual ASTM shape used for beams.
20. Gravel – Soil type with the highest soil bearing capacity.
21. Fascia Board – In timber construction, a wide board fixed to the wall, the wall plate, or
the ends of the rafters. It usually carries the gutter.
22. Two-Way Slab – A slab spanning between beams or walls in two directions.
23. Bracing - Structural members placed on diagonals of structural steel frame.
24. 38 mm – Minimum rebar rules for distance to edge of concrete for formed concrete
exposed to earth or weather, beams and columns.
25. Mat Foundation – Single footing supporting all of the columns and walls.
26. 4 pcs – 12 mmØ – Minimum number of column vertical rebars and size.
27. Earthwork – Operations connected with the movement of earth.
28. Formwork – The mould for freshly placed concrete (which gives it its shape), as well as
the supporting structure and bracing required to support its weight.
29. Beams – RC slabs are supported on columns and this.
30. W – Usual ASTM shape used for columns.
31. Height between 2 finished floor levels – Floor to floor height indicate this.
32. Joint – The space between adjacent surfaces (as between masonry units), or the place
where two members or components are held together by nails, fasteners, cement, mortar,
etc.
33. Level – An instrument used by a carpenter to determine a horizontal or a vertical line;
consists of a spirit level set in a straight bar of wood or metal.
34. Newel – Main handrail support.
35. Expansion Joint – A joint or gap between adjacent parts of a building, structure, or
concrete work which permits their relative movement due to temperature changes (or
other conditions) without rupture or damage.
36. Surfaced Four Sides – S4S is an acronym for this.
37. Dry Construction – The use of dry materials such as gypsum board, plywood, or
wallboard in construction, without the application of plaster or mortar.
38. Working Drawings – Drawings containing the information needed for construction.
39. Stair’s Clear Width – Minimum run of a stair’s landing.
40. Bolts – Steel components are attached to wood components using these.
41. Dowel Bar – Short reinforcing bars of steel which extend approximately equally into two
abutting pieces of concrete, to increase the strength of the joint.
42. Date of Pouring – The beam schedule does not include this.
43. 20 mm – Minimum rebar rules for distance to edge of concrete for formed concrete not
exposed to earth or weather: slabs, walls, joists: #11 and smaller bars.
44. 6 times diameter – Minimum bend diameter for bars smaller than 25mm diameter.
45. 100 mm – Minimum thickness of reinforced concrete slab on grade.
46. Top of Structure – Apex indicates this.
47. Riser – Vertical element of a stair step.
48. Column Rows – Grid lines indicate this.
49. 1200 – Common single story residential column foundation depth in mm.
50. Truss Connector Plate – Steel plate with spikes used in the assemblage of wood trusses.
51. Hook – Rebar termination that is bent 180 degrees.
52. Reinforced concrete – Concrete containing reinforcement designed on the assumption
that the concrete and reinforcement act together in resisting forces.
53. Splice Plate – A metal plate used for fastening two or more members together.
54. Cap – Concrete foundation that sits atop piles.
55. Batten – A narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel
boards in the same plane.
56. 2000 mm – Minimum headroom of a fire escape stairway.
57. PNS 657:2008 – Philippine standard for Equal leg angle steel bars.
58. Fastener – A mechanical device, weld, or rivet for holding together two or more pieces,
parts, members, or the like.
59. Clear Span – The distance between the supports of the structure.
60. Strap Footing – Two ICFs attached by a beam.
61. Rebar – A steel bar having ribs or slightly projecting patterns on its surfaces to provide a
greater bond with concrete when used in reinforced concrete.
62. Stud - Light gauge steel truss members are of this section.
63. NSCP – Local code that regulates design of timber structures.
64. Piles – Shafts of concrete or timber used to increase the foundation capacity.
65. Weephole – A small hole left at the base of a retaining wall, cavity wall, window or
curtain wall to allow accumulated condensation or other moisture to escape.
66. FFL – This dimension is found below the TOB.
67. 800 mm – Ideal height of fire escape handrail.
68. Screw – Steel structural members are usually not connected by this.
69. 200 mm - As per NBCP requirements, the rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed
this.
70. GL to Bottom of Footing – Foundation depth refers to this.
71. Retaining Wall – RC wall installed to prevent movement of earth.
72. King Post – In a truss, as for a roof, a vertical member extending from the apex of the
inclined rafters to the tie beam between the rafters at their lower ends.
73. Space Frame – Three dimensional structural framework that is usually made of steel.
74. Shrinkage – Contraction due to moisture movement. The two building materials most
affected are timber and concrete.
75. Stirrups – 10mm or 12mm dia. Rebars that encloses main beam rebars.
76. Fenestration – The arrangement and design of windows in a building.
77. Pascal – Steel yield strength uses this unit of measure.
78. Building Type – This does not play a role when choosing which foundation type to use.
79. Tie – The lateral or hoop reinforcement in reinforced concrete columns.
80. Top Plate – Timber structural element installed at the top of partitions.
81. Machine Bolt – Timber trusses are attached to timber beams using these.
82. Fault Line – Never build over this geological structure.
83. Beam – A structural member whose prime function is to carry transverse loads, as a joist,
girder, rafter, or purlin.
84. Shear Stud Bolts – Bolts welded on to steel composite decks atop joists.
85. Roof Framing – The assemblage of roof members which provide support for the roof
covering.
86. Reinforced Column – A concrete column containing reinforcement such as steel rods or
wire mesh.
87. Cantilever Footing – A footing having a tie beam to another footing to balance a
structural load not symmetrically located with respect to the footing.
88. Expansion Bolts – Steel components are attached to concrete using these.
89. Column Faces – Beam length is reckoned from these.
90. Joist – Horizontal structural members that directly support the floor or ceiling.
91. Girder – Horizontal steel structural members attached to columns.
92. Baluster – Vertical handrail supports attached to treads.
93. Wall Footing – It is also known as continuous footing built specifically to support walls
placed below bearing walls that are located at both interior and exterior of a structure.
94. Handrail – Hand support on staircases.
95. 75 mm – Minimum concrete cover for foundations.
96. Common Wire Nail – CW Nail refers to this.
97. Shore – A temporary support, of timber or other material, used in compression as
temporary support for excavations, formwork or propping of unsafe structures.
98. Painted Steel – Steel of this condition cannot be welded.
99. Shop Drawings – Drawings, usually prepared by a specialist supplier or fabricator,
showing sufficient detail to allow the offsite manufacture of a part of a building.
100. Box Gutter – A gutter of rectangular cross section, built behind a parapet or in a
roof valley.
101. Bolts – Wood components are attached to steel components using these.
102. Distance Between Columns – Important thumb rules to be follow for column
layout design includes the size of the columns, alignment of columns and _____.
103. 4 – Minimum no. of beam main reinforcement bars.
104. ASTM A325 – Bolt specification for structural steel joists.
105. Nosing – Leading edge of a stair step.
106. Bridging – Timber structural element that acts to stabilize joists.
107. 75 mm – For footings and other principal structural members in which the
concrete is deposited directly against the ground, cover to the bottom reinforcement shall
be of this much.
108. Stirrup – A bent rod, usually U-shaped or W-shaped; used in reinforced brick or
concrete construction.
109. Fillet – Type of weld preferred for bars which will bear a load in a horizontal
position.
110. Sole Plate – Timber structural element installed at the base of partitions.
111. 20 mm – Minimum concrete cover for slabs.
112. 25 mm – Minimum distance between rebars.
113. Concrete Cover – It is required to protect the rebar against corrosion and to
provide resistance against fire.
114. 7 Days – Curing period for concrete using PNS 07 type 1 cement.
115. Tilt-up Construction – A method of precast concrete construction in which
members are cast horizontally in a location adjacent to their final position, and titled into
place after removal of the moulds.
116. 600 – Common residential wall foundation depth in mm.
117. Washer – A device installed below the bolt head to increase its bearing area.
118. Space Frame Construction – A structure system assembled of linear elements so
arranged that forces are transferred in a three-dimensional manner and in some cases, the
constituent element may be two-dimensional in the form of a flat or curved surface.
119. Construction Joint – A joint (usually in in-situ concrete) to enable the building
process to be interrupted, without detracting from the strength of the structure.
120. Straps and Bolts – A wooden post is attached to its concrete pedestal using these.
121. Lally Columns – Concrete filled steel pipes used as columns.
122. Bend – Rebar termination that is bent 90 degrees.
123. Jamb – One of the vertical members at each side of an opening such as a
doorframe or window frame.
124. Lap –Timber structural members use this type of wood joint.
125. Notch – Cut section of post that increases the bearing area for the joist.
126. Final Set – A degree of stiffening of a mixture of cement (or concrete or mortar)
and water greater than the initial set.
127. Staging – Temporary platform for workers and the materials they use in building
erection.
128. Independent Column Footing – Single footing supporting one column.
129. Footing – That portion of the foundation of a structure which transmits loads
directly to the soil.
130. Consistency – The ability of freshly mixed concrete or mortar to flow, and fill the
formwork without voids.
131. Top of Footing to Bottom of Footing – Footing depth refers to this.
132. Wind Bracing – Structural members, usually diagonal, specially designed to resist
wind forces.
133. 200 x 400 – Minimum wall footing dimensions in mm.
134. Excavation – The removal of earth from its natural position
135. Flashing – Sheet metal or other sheet material used to cover open joints in exterior
construction, such as joints in parapets or roof valleys, and above and below window
openings, to prevent ingress of water.
136. Chord – Any structural member of a truss.
137. Finished Floor Line – The floor line, usually laid over a subfloor which provides
the completed floor.
138. Grade Beam - Reinforced concrete beam which is normally placed directly on the
ground.
139. Cantilever – A beam, girder, truss or structural member or surface that projects
horizontally beyond its vertical support, such as a wall or column.
140. 180 mm – Maximum rise of fire escape riser.
141. Tread – Horizontal element of a stair step.
142. Top Plate – The horizontal member at the top of a stud wall.
143. Precast – Said of a concrete member that is cast and cured in other than its final
position.
144. Curtain Wall – A thin wall supported by the structural frame of the building, as
opposed to a bearing wall.
145. Base Plate with Anchor Bolts – Steel columns are attached to its concrete pedestal
using these.
146. 50 mm – Minimum concrete cover for superstructure.
147. 10 mm – Smallest nominal diameter of rebars according to PNS 49.
148. Stud Wall – A timber-framed wall. The studs, or vertical members, are usually
spaced at 300 – 600 (12 – 24 in.) centres. Also a similar wall built with steel studs.
149. 3660 mm – Maximum height between fire escape landings.
150. Dressed Lumber – S2S is a type of this.
151. Storey Height – The vertical distance from the finished floor on one storey to the
finished floor on the storey above.
152. Raised Floor – A false floor which provides a space for cables or ducts above the
structural floor.
153. 3/4" – The maximum coarse aggregate size should not exceed one-fifth of the
narrowest dimension between side of forms, one-third the depth of slabs, or ____ of the
 minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars, bundles of bars, or pre-
tensioning strands.
154. Stringer – The inclined member that supports the treads and risers of a stair.
155. 900 mm & 700 mm – Handrail heights for PWD ramps in mm.
156. Suspended Ceiling - A false ceiling suspended from the floor above.
157. 3 – Minimum number of horizontal rebars for wall foundations.
158. Grade – To reduce a slope to an easy or uniform gradient at ground level.
159. Rebar Yield Strength – This is not a variable for the dimensions of footings.
160. Hooked Bar – A concrete reinforcing bar whose end is bent to improve its
anchorage, generally through 90 or 180 degrees.
161. Ties – 10mm or 12mm dia. Rebars that encloses main column rebars.
162. E.O. 23 of 2011 – Law banning logging in the Philippines.
163. Counterfort – Another name for a buttressed retaining wall.
164. 600 mm – As per NBCP minimum requirements for Group A dwellings, footing
shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the load of the dwelling and shall be at
least how many millimeters placed below the surface of the ground.
165. Combined Footing – Single footing supporting two columns.
166. Combined Footing – A footing which supports more than one column load.
167. 1120 mm – Minimum clear width of a fire escape stairway.
168. 250 mm – As per NBCP minimum requirements for Group A dwellings, footing
shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the load of the dwelling and shall be at
least this thick.
169. Eaves – That part of a roof that projects beyond the exterior wall; usually the
lower edge of a sloped roof.
170. 12.00 m – Bars in the Philippines are available in stock lengths of 6.00, 7.50,
9.00, 10.50, and this length.
171. Roof Sheathing – The boards or sheet material, especially plywood, fastened to
the roof rafters, onto which the shingle or other roof covering is laid.
172. 1:12 – Maximum slope of a PWD ramp.
173. 0.5” – Lumber’s dressed dimension is at least its nominal size less than this.
174. Finished 2nd Floor Level – 2FL indicates this.
175. Straps and Bolts – Timber trusses are attached to concrete beams using these.
176. 280 mm – Minimum run of a fire escape tread.
177. 4 pcs – 12 mmØ – Minimum number of vertical rebars and size.
178. Independent Column Footing – ICF is an acronym for this.