Scribd
Upload
37 views3 pages

BR Q 3

The document discusses properties of polynomials including: 1) Monovariable polynomials are functions of the form f(x)=a0+a1x+a2x^2+...+anx^n 2) Roots of a polynomial are solutions to the equation f(x)=0 3) By the factor theorem, (x-r) is a factor if f(r)=0, meaning r is a root 4) A polynomial can always be prime factorized into a product of linear factors (x-ri) 5) The multiplicity of a root r is the power of (x-r) in the prime factorization

Uploaded by

Seeker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views3 pages

BR Q 3

The document discusses properties of polynomials including: 1) Monovariable polynomials are functions of the form f(x)=a0+a1x+a2x^2+...+anx^n 2) Roots of a polynomial are solutions to the equation f(x)=0 3) By the factor theorem, (x-r) is a factor if f(r)=0, meaning r is a root 4) A polynomial can always be prime factorized into a product of linear factors (x-ri) 5) The multiplicity of a root r is the power of (x-r) in the prime factorization

Uploaded by

Seeker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

n

i
1. Monovariable Polynomial : All functions of the form f ( x )=∑ ai x
i =0
n
i
2. Roots of a Polynomial : All solutions of the equation ∑ ai x =0
i=0

3. Factor theorem: ( x−r ) is a factor of f ( x ) if f ( r )=0


 Note that if f ( r )=0 ⇔ r is the root of the polynomial f (x)
 ∴ ( x −r )∨f ( x) ⇔r is the r oot of f ( x )
pi
4. A polynomial f (x) can always be prime factorized to k ∏ ( x−r i ) where
( k ,r i ) ∈C ⋀ (i, pi)∈ N
pi
5. Let the prime factorization of f(x) is k ∑ ( x−r i ) where ( k ,r i ) ∈C ⋀ (i , pi)∈ N .
r i is a root of f ( x ) ⋀ i ∈ N
6. Multiplicity := Multiplicity of a root r of a polynomial is the power of ( x−r ) in the prime
factorization of f (x).
For example,

Polynomial Multiplicity of root n


(x-n) 1
(x-n)2 2
(x-n)p p
(x-n)2(x-m) [m≠n] 2
(x-n)p(x-m) [m≠n] p
(x-n)p(x-m)q [m≠n] p
(x-n)p(x-m)q(x-o)r [m≠n≠o] p
(x-n)pg(x) [(x-n)∤g(x)] p

n
7. The degree of the polynomialk ∏ (x−r i) is n, and there are n roots, viz, r1 to rn
i=1
8. A polynomial of degree n can always be expressed as a product of n linear factors of the form (x-
a) and a constant term.
n n

∑ ai x i=k ∏ ( x−r i)
i=0 i=1

 Thus, a cubic polynomial can always be expressed as:k ( x−r 1) ( x−r 2 )( x −r 3 )

n n
pi
9. The degree of the polynomial k ∏ ( x−r i ) is ∑ pi
i=1 i=1
10.
n

∑ pi n
i=1

∑ ai x =k ∏ ( x −r i ) p
i i

i=0 i=1
Where pi is the multiplicity of root ri of f(x).

Problem : If 1is a twice repeated root of theequation a x 3 +b x 2+ bx+ d=0 , then

a) a=b=d b) a+ b=0
c) b+ d=0 d) a=d
3 2
Solution : Let f ( x )=a x +b x +bx +d=k ( x −r 1 )( x−r 2 ) ( x−r 3 )

ATQ,

Let r 1=r 2=1

∴ f ( 1 )=a ( 1 )3 +b ( 1 )2 +b ( 1 ) +d=0

∴ a+2 b+d =0−−−−(I )

∴ f ( x )=a x 3+ b x 2+ bx+ d=k ( x−1 )2 ( x−r 3 )

d d d
∴ f ( x ) = ( a x 3+ b x2 +bx +d ) = [ k ( x−1 )2 (x−r 3 ) ]
dx dx dx

∴ f ' ( x )=3 a x 2+ 2bx +b=k [ 2 ( x−1 ) ( x−r 3 ) + ( x−1 )2 ]


∴ f ' ( x )=3 a x 2+ 2bx +b=k ( x−1 ) [ 2 ( x−r 3 ) + ( x−1 ) ]

∴ f ' (1 )=3 a(1)2+ 2b (1)+ b=k ( 1−1 ) [ 2 ( 1−r 3 ) + ( 1−1 ) ]=0

∴ f ' (1 )=3 a+3 b=0

∴ a+b=0−−−−(II )

∴ a=−b−−−( III )

By (I)-(II), we get:

b+ d=0

∴ d=−b−−−−( IV )

By comparing (III) and (IV), we get

∴ a=−b=d

Thus, all options except option a are correct. [Answer]

You might also like