International Journa l of Multidisciplinary Research and Develo pment

Volume: 2, Issue: 5, 104-107

May 2015 Scope, Sustainability and Prospects of Cotton Textile
www.allsubjectjournal.com
e-ISSN: 2349-4182 Industry in Maharashtra
p-ISSN: 2349-5979
Impact Factor: 3.762 Rajendra N. Shelar
Rajendra N. Shelar
Abstract
Research Scholar, Dept. of Maharashtra contributes around 10.4% to India’s textiles and apparels output. However it has covered
Commerce, Dr. B. A. M. highest area under cotton cultivation and 2nd largest producer of cotton in India. Maharashtra state has
University, Aurangabad strong base of raw material for cotton textile industry. Around 70 to 80 lakh cotton bales produce per
year out of which only 25 lakh bales consume by mills in the state. Near about 70% of raw cotton going
to other states for next process. Thus it clearly reveals that inadequacy of spinning capacity in the state.
All above things are considered in the present research paper to study scope, sustainability and prospects
of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra state. The cotton profile of Maharashtra and regional disparities
in location of cotton textile industry are studied. There is ample scope to growth of cotton to cloth
process including ginning units, spinning mills, composite mills, garments units. Further processing such
as sizing, dyeing, printing, finishing etc. establish for value addition in grey cloth; would be generate
more employment in Maharashtra.

Keywords: Cotton Profile, Regional Disparity, Cotton Textiles Industry, Scope & Sustainability,
Prospects

1. Introduction
India is an agricultural country wherein cotton is a main cash crop cultivated. India is the 3rd
largest producer of cotton in the world. Maharashtra ranks second in India in regards
production of cotton. Around 3 million farmers are engaged cultivation in the state mostly in
the Marathwada and Vidarbha region. Maharashtra state is a leading producer of cotton;
accounts for 20% of the country’s total production and more than 30% (around 40 lakh
hectare) of the country’s total area under cotton cultivation. (CAB 2011). Maharashtra
contributes only 10.4 per cent to India’s textiles and apparels output. It is the second largest
state of cotton growing in India; average yearly production is nearly 70 to 80 lakh bales. The
first textile mill was set up in 1854 in Mumbai (S. D. Mehta). There are 190 mills in which
126 mills are in actual working situation as on March 2013.

2. Specific Objectives of the Research Paper:

1. To study the cotton profile of Maharashtra for identifies the prospects of cotton textile
industry in Maharashtra.
2. To find out the regional disparity in location of cotton textile industries in Maharashtra.
4. To know the scope and sustainability of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra.

3. Research Methodology:
For the present research paper the secondary sources are used in which economic survey of
Maharashtra, information of textile commissioner, research papers, newspapers, relevant
books and websites etc. statistical data retrieved from websites, compiled it, calculate by
percentage and analysesd it.

4. Survey of Literature:
Project Team of (SINET), Asia Pro Eco Programme (2007) concluded that cotton textile sector
has a great potential towards the economical, environmental and social sustainability of the
network. They summarized that it is major sources of Increases the living standard through
Correspondence: employment generation, Infrastructure development, bio-diesel production from cotton seed
Rajendra N. Shelar oil, Allied business, such as transportation emerging from the network contributing towards
Research Scholar, Dept. of the economy of local community. B. B. Mohanty (2009) analysed regional disparity in
Commerce, Dr. B. A. M. agricultural sector of Maharashtra. Cotton is the predominant cash crop in Vidarbha and
University, Aurangabad Marathwada region. As the area under irrigation was negligible, cotton cultivation was mostly
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left to the vagaries of monsoon. Backward regions like Table 3: Growth in Area, Production & Productivity/Yield of
Vidarbha witnessed more disadvantages in recent years Cotton in Maharashtra
owing to the adverse impact of economic liberalization on Area Production Yield
cotton growers. Mr. V. R. Sai Ganesh (2013) pointed out Year (Lakh (Lakh bales - 170 Kg. (Kg. Per
that, Government of India has a vision to increase India's ha.) each) ha.)
share in the global textile trade to 10% by year 2015 from 2002-
28.00 26.00 158
current 3 per cent. Dr. Christian Schindler (25th Feb, 2014) 03
the global financial and economic crisis in 2008/2009 (also 2011-
41.25 76.00 313
referred to as the Great Recession), the worst since the Great 12
Depression in the 1930s, had a negative effect on the global Source: http://cotcorp.gov.in
economy in general and the global textile industry in
particular. In 2010 cotton prices started rising and reached In 2002-03, Maharashtra was covered average area 28 lakh
historic record levels. hectare under cotton cultivation. In the same period it
produced average 26 lakh bales of cotton production with
Table 1: Textile Industries in Maharashtra State (2010-11) average yield of 158 kg per hectare. During 2002-2003 to
2011-12; productivity/ yield of cotton lint increase from 158
No. of kg to 313 kg per hectare in the state (Table 03). The cotton
Industry groups
Industries
productivity/yield rise after 2003 in the country because of
Textile group
(Textiles, Cotton ginning, cleaning & Wearing 4005 (14.01)
farmers started cultivation of Bt cotton seeds.
apparel etc.)
6. Majority Area of Cotton Production in Maharashtra
Total of all Industry groups 28579 (100) Agricultural development in Maharashtra over the last three
Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2012-13 decades has been unequal across regions with western
Maharashtra much ahead of other regions in terms of major
The textile industry group includes number of industries not developmental indicators. The inability of Marathwada and
only textiles but also number of ginning and wearing Vidarbha regions to compete effectively for a larger share of
apparels etc. So textile industry group have 14.01% share in the state's resources is mainly due to the absence of a well
all industry groups of Maharashtra state in the year 2010-11. articulated structure of groups and alliances in these regions.
It includes 6.91% of textiles, 3.24% share of cotton ginning, Maharashtra state has 26 cotton producing districts along
cleaning and 3.86% of wearing apparels respectively (Table with 09 districts from Vidarbha region, 08 districts form
01). The main products exported from the State through Marathwada region, 03 districts form north Maharashtra
textile industry group are includes textiles, readymade (Khandesh) and 06 districts form western Maharashtra. Top
garments and cotton yarn. ten districts producing around 78% cotton and acquire area in
same percent. It consists of five district form Marathwada,
5. Cotton Profile of Maharashtra four districts from Vidarbha and one district form Khandesh.
Maharashtra state has more than 30 per cent area under (CICR 2010)
cotton cultivation in India. The average yield of cotton in
Maharashtra has less than average of India due to low Table 4: District-wise Area, Production & Yield of Cotton (lint) in
productivity. 2010-11
As per cotton advisory board (CAB), there was 41.25 lakh Sr.
hectares area under cotton cultivation in Maharashtra which Districts Area in Hectares Production in Bales
No.
is 33.87% against India, in the year 2011-12. Besides, 1. Jalgaon 509700 (12.93) 1097100 (14.68)
production of cotton lint were 76 lakh bales (20.71%) only, 2. Yavatmal 479800 (12.17) 775900 (10.38)
against 367 lakh bales in India during the same year. During 3. Aurangabad 332900 (8.45) 879200 (11.77)
2011-12, average yield of cotton in Maharashtra was 313 kgs 4. Jalna 303300 (7.69) 776600 (10.39)
per hectare which is below 38.86% against India’s average 5. Nanded 302100 (7.66) 462200 (6.19)
yield of 512 kgs per hectare (Table 02). Maharashtra has 6. Beed 276800 (7.02) 422200 (5.65)
rank first in respect of area covered (33.87%) under cotton 7. Buldhana 251500 (6.38) 436100 (5.84)
8. Parbhani 232400 (5.90) 404800 (5.42)
cultivation and 2nd largest producer of cotton (20.71%) in
9. Amravati 204300 (5.18) 336200 (4.50)
India whereas Gujarat covered 24.32% area producing
10. Wardha 190600 (4.84) 263000 (3.52)
33.24% cotton which is highest in the country. Tamil Nadu Total of top 10 district 3083354 (78.22) 5852462 (78.32)
was highest in yield/productivity (831 kg.) per hector State Total 3941900 (100) 7472500 (100)
subsequently Gujarat was rank second (700 kg) in per hector Source: http://www.cicr.org.in
yield. (CAB 2011)
Note: The figure in parentheses indicates percentage to state
Table 2: Area, Production & Productivity/Yield of Cotton (2011-
total.
12)
As per as highest area concern under cotton cultivation,
Area Production
Average Jalgaon (1), Yavatmal (2), Aurangabad (3) and Jalna (4)
Yield districts are respectively. Likewise Jalgaon (1), Aurangabad
States (Lakh (Lakh bales - 170 Kg.
(Kg. per (2), Jalna (3) and Yavatmal (4) were shown highest
ha.) each)
ha.) performance in cotton production in sequence order (Table
41.25
Maharashtra 76.00 (20.71) 313 04).
(33.87)
121.78
India 367.00 (100) 512
(100)
Source: http://cotcorp.gov.in
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Table 5: District-wise Yield/Productivity of Cotton (lint) in 2010-11 & 2000-01

2010-11 2000-01
Sr. Sr.
Districts Yield Districts Yield
No. No.
(Kg. per ha.) (Kg. per ha.)
1. Solapur 491 1. Pune 389
2. Aurangabad 449 2. Satara 321
3. Dhule 428 3. Sangli 308
4. Latur 399 4. Solapur 292
5. Ahmednagar 369 5. Ahmednagar 277
6. Jalgaon 366 6. Wardha 194
7. Osmanabad 362 7. Nashik 170
8. Washim 354 8. Kolhapur 170
9. Nandurbar 354 9. Nagpur 151
10. Kolhapur 340 10. Latur 151
Source: researcher compilation form http://www.cicr.org.in

As per as productivity concern solapur (1), Aurangabad (2), in state. However Maharashtra is a second largest producer
Dhule (3) and Latur (4) were shown highest performance in of cotton in the country.
2010-11. Whereas in 2000-01, Pune (1), Satara (2), Sangli
(3) and solapur (4) shown yield performance respectively 9. Prospects of Cotton Textile Industries in Maharashtra
(See Table 05). Yield of cotton depends on availability of There is ample scope to growth of cotton textile industries
black soil, rainfall, fertilizers, favorable weather conditions, including ginning units, spinning mills, composite mills,
quality of seeds and farmers awareness about cotton garments units and further processing like sizing, dyeing,
cultivation etc. printing etc. in the state. If cotton processing industries
establish in cotton growing areas like Vidharbha,
7. Regional Disparities in Location of Cotton Textile Marathwada and Khandesh, the transportation cost would be
Industry in Maharashtra reduced and employment opportunities shall came into exist.
One additional point of regional disparities should be The Aurangabad district has potential to be developed as a
considered in respect of cotton textile industries in textile center if processing are establish, as good quality of
Maharashtra. Mostly cotton textile mills both spinning and cotton is being produced in Marathwada. The Aurangabad
composite are located in western part of Maharashtra like district in the region witnesses 150 mm less than the average
solapur, Kolhapur and Sangli districts in particular. However, expected rainfall, dry climatic conditions, due to which the
Vidarbha, Marathwada and north Maharashtra is the major cotton is stronger and the cotton fiber obtained is in the range
cotton producing areas. Moreover, exclusive weaving mills of medium and long. Aurangabad produces cotton bales
whether it is silk, rayon or synthetic mills still located in which have to be exported another states like Tamil Nadu
Mumbai and Thane district of Kokan region. Majority of and Gujarat. The ginning and pressing mills from other states
powerlooms are situated in Bhiwandi, Malegaon and have shifted in district, identifying its potential. Due to better
Ichalkaranji which is part of western Maharashtra. The connectivity as roads, railways and airport, Aurangabad has
textile industry of Maharashtra is consolidating with become a huge cotton textile center.
powerloom sector. This majority of powerlooms are located
in three powerloom clusters which are Bhiwandi (Thane 10. Conclusion
district), Malegaon (Nashik district) and Ichalkaranji Maharashtra state has strong base of raw material for cotton
(Kolhapur district). The majority of cotton mills located in textile industry. Around 70 to 80 lakhs bales of cotton
western Maharashtra like Kolhapur, solapur, Sangali etc. producing in a year even mills consume only 25 lakh bales
However, Vidarbha, Marathwada and Khandesh are the main every year. Near about 70% of raw cotton going to other
cotton producing areas in the state. Handlooms are in states for further processing. Thus one thing is clearly reveal
Solapur, Nagpur, Bhandara and Nashik district which is that the spinning capacity should be enhance in the state. One
negligible (0.24%) as against India. additional point is reveals i.e. regional disparities in the
cotton production and location of cotton textile industries in
8. Scope & Sustainability of the Cotton Textile Industry Maharashtra state. Majority of the cotton textile mills
However, Maharashtra has 30 per cent land under cotton including spinning, composite and exclusive weaving mills
cultivation in India; it produces 20 per cent raw cotton of the are located in western part of Maharashtra. They procured
country. Beside this there are 2.87 lakhs powerloom units in majority of raw material form cotton growing areas, spent
the state which are 55% as against 5.20 lakhs in India. Strong transportation cost for that. However Vidharbha,
raw cotton base is to sustain the cotton textile industries in Marathwada and Khandesh are main cotton growing areas.
Maharashtra state. It is necessary to point out that the in top Moreover, Malegaon in Nashik district, Ichalkaranji in
ten districts of cotton production consist of five districts only Kolhapur district and Bhiwandi in Thane district are the big
from Marathwada region. Hence there is strong base of raw powerloom clusters which covered more than 95%
cotton shown ample scope, sustainability and prospect of powerlooms in the state which are also located in western
cotton textile industries in this region. More than 70 per cent Maharashtra and Kokan region.
raw cotton of Maharashtra going to other states like Gujarat, It may conclude that peoples in cotton growing areas are
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Madhya deprived form employment of this industry. However textile
Pradesh. There is no adequate number of industries with industry is a second largest employment provider after
huge installed capacity to consume all these cotton produced agriculture sector. It is necessary that established more cotton
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textile industries in cotton growing areas it will assist to save

transportation cost, provide huge employment in rural or
semi urban areas. The textile sector experienced huge crises
of losses in 2008/09 due to global recession and also in 2011
due to wrong export policy of central government. Thus it
took into account the needs of saving internal cost factors
like Transpiration cost; power cost and labour cost to reduce
cost of production. Allied processing like dyeing, printing,
finishing, sizing etc. establish for value addition in grey
cloth; would be generated more employment in Maharashtra
state.

References:
1. B. B. Mohanty. (Feb. 7 - 13, 2009). Regional Disparity
in Agricultural Development of Maharashtra. Economic
and Political Weekly. 44(6). pp. 63-69
2. Cotton Advisory Board (CAB)
3. Central Institute of Cotton Research (CICR)
4. Dr. Christian Schindler. (25th Feb. 2014). The Global
(Cotton) Textile Industry Challenging Present and
Promising Future - Guest Column in Cotton Statistics
and News, Weekly Publication of Cotton Association of
India.
5. http://www.cicr.org.in
6. http://cotcorp.gov.in
7. Mr. V. R. Sai Ganesh (May- June 2013). Textile
Industry - an ocean filled with opportunities. Journal of
the Textile Association. Pp. 38-39
8. Project Team of (SINET) (2007). Indian Cotton Textile
Sector Network Report (Draft) Scoping & Sustainability
Analysis. Asia Pro Eco Programme.
9. S. D. Mehta. (1954). The Cotton Mills of India 1854 to
1954. Bombay: Textile Association India. P. 1
10. The Times of India (17 Oct. 2013). District Has
Potential to Become Textile Hub: Expert.

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