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m1-s3 Exercise

1. The document discusses several scientific revolutions that transformed societies, including Copernicus' heliocentric model which challenged the widely held geocentric view. 2. Key scientific revolutions discussed include the agricultural revolution in Mesoamerica involving crops like maize and squash, advances in mathematics, astronomy, and engineering in the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age, and early developments in metallurgy, tool making, and numeration systems in Africa. 3. Intellectual ideas were often controversial because they challenged long-held beliefs, but were eventually accepted when supported by evidence from innovative new technologies and extensive study.

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CHRISTINE MAE PRIAS. SANTOS
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351 views3 pages

m1-s3 Exercise

1. The document discusses several scientific revolutions that transformed societies, including Copernicus' heliocentric model which challenged the widely held geocentric view. 2. Key scientific revolutions discussed include the agricultural revolution in Mesoamerica involving crops like maize and squash, advances in mathematics, astronomy, and engineering in the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age, and early developments in metallurgy, tool making, and numeration systems in Africa. 3. Intellectual ideas were often controversial because they challenged long-held beliefs, but were eventually accepted when supported by evidence from innovative new technologies and extensive study.

Uploaded by

CHRISTINE MAE PRIAS. SANTOS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXERCISE 1: REFLECTION TASK 1 (INDIVIDUAL TASK)

Name: SANTOS, Christine Mae P.

Course / Section: BSCE 3B

Instructions: On the space below, answer the question that follows.

1. Why do you think were most intellectual ideas controversial?

Intellectual is defined as someone’s ability to understand and think of ideas and


information. Somehow, intelligence nowadays are not just limited to academics, but also to the
emotional ability and talent of a person. When a person can intellectually think of things that he
shares to others, some of his ideas may be controversial, or complicated, maybe. It is said to be
controversial since the idea gives a different and deeper meaning to other people, depending on
how they treat the statement. In addition, I think most intellectual ideas are controversial
because they change long-held beliefs. For example, Copernicus and his heliocentric system
were shunned from society because it was long-believed that the Earth was the center of the
universe.

2. Why did the people accept these new discoveries despite being contradictory to what was
widely accepted at that time?
It may be because of more justifiable evidence and study. How does that happen? New
discoveries, use innovative and high capacity machineries or material to come up with that
study. They have more related literature or they run through numerous studies to come up with
that.
In addition, may be because science works by never taking fixed stands on any topic,
knowing that a new discovery could happen tomorrow. Most people, Fundamentalists excepted,
accept the new version because it works better than the old. When the heliocentric hypothesis
overtook the geocentric model insisted on by the Church, astronomy, celestial navigation and
other critical technologies suddenly made sense. Science, released from its theological fetters,
sprang ahead and new worlds of study opened. The old system was given over to astrology. As
the saying goes, science has questions that may never be answered. Religion has answers that
may never be questioned.

3. How do intellectual revolutions transform societies?

The intellectual revolution was a power to determine the essentials of a person; it was a
continuous discovery of self-worth, determination, and knowledge to open one’s mind in the
world of authoritarian leaders. It was a place for improvement, reconstruction, and a free-will to
make self, more valuable. It will transform societies through critical-thinking, evaluation, and
creating appropriate rules for equal opportunity. It is a continuous process of development to
achieve the needs of society. The collaborations of great minds make the world peaceful and
progressive.

4. Can you name other scientific revolution that happened in the following places?

The period saw a fundamental transformation in scientific ideas across mathematics,


physics, astronomy, and biology in institutions supporting scientific investigation and in the
more widely held picture of the universe. The Scientific Revolution led to the establishment of
several modern sciences.

a. MESO-AMERICA
It is one of the regions of the world where the agricultural revolution arose
independently, and the great civilizations of Mesoamerica were built upon foods such
as maize, beans and squash. Similar selection and cultivation of beans, squash and other
plants led to one of the world's great agricultural revolutions.
There’s a repetitive rise and fall of civilization in Mesoamerica, because of this,
different groups were credited with the different inventions and contributions. Like the
systems of cosmology and mathematics which was established by the Maya shaman
group. Another was the use of three calendars: solar, ritual and long count calendar.
They also introduced the evidence of zero as a number. Other important scientific
revolution that happened in Mesoamerica were their belief in the cycles of planets and
celestial beings like the sun, and the moon; they also built observatories which helped in
their agricultural and architectural calculations. These times was also known for the
creation of “maize” or corn which became one of the most used crop until now. Rubber
was another invention in this period that made a great impact to our world.

b. ASIA

At present, probably the most notable country in Asia in terms of its


technological and scientific achievement is Japan, which is particularly known for its
electronics and automobile products. In recent years, China and India have also once
again become major contributors to science and technology. India gave the world its
numeric system, including the number zero, plastic surgery, steel production, and urban
planning with sewage systems. And among China's many contributions are paper,
printing, gunpowder, the compass, and clocks.

c. MIDDLE EAST

SCIENTIFIC research in the Arabian, Persian and Turkish Middle East lags behind
that of the west. Of course, there are individual scientists who produce world-class
research and there are institutions and nations which make significant contributions in
certain fields.

New disciplines emerged – algebra, trigonometry and chemistry as well as major


advances in medicine, astronomy, engineering and agriculture. Arabic texts replaced
Greek as the fonts of wisdom, helping to shape the scientific revolution of the
Renaissance.

d. AFRICA

Africa has the world's oldest record of human technological achievement: the
oldest stone tools in the world have been found in eastern Africa, and later evidence for
tool production by our hominin ancestors has been found across Sub-Saharan Africa.
The history of science and technology in Africa since then has, however, received
relatively little attention compared to other regions of the world, despite notable
African developments in mathematics, metallurgy, architecture, and other fields.

Eight thousand years ago, people in present-day Zaire developed their own
numeration system, as did Yoruba people in what is now Nigeria. The Yoruba system
was based on units of 20 (instead of 10) and required an impressive amount of
subtraction to identify different numbers. Scholars have lauded this system, as it
required much abstract reasoning.

Many advances in metallurgy and tool making were made across the entirety of
ancient Africa. These include steam engines, metal chisels and saws, copper and iron
tools and weapons, nails, glue, carbon steel and bronze weapons and art.

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