Introduction to Spring

Stuart Halloway and Justin Gehtland

Copyright 2005-6 Relevance, LLC

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 License To Sample Code
This presentation is Copyright 2005-6, Relevance LLC. You may use any code you find here, subject to the terms below. If you want to deliver this
presentation, please send email to [email protected] for permission and details.

Sample code associated with this presentation is Copyright (c) 2005-6 Relevance, LLC (www.relevancellc.com), unless otherwise marked. Code
citations from other projects are subject to the license(s) appropriate to those projects. You are responsible for complying with licenses for code you
use.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
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 Agenda

Myths and Beliefs

Core
dependency injection
configuration
aop
Services
persistence
transactions
mvc
remoting

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 What is Spring

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 Myths

Spring is an Alternative to J(2)EE

'Spring' is Australian for 'No EJB!'
If I have WebLogic/WebSphere/JBoss, Spring is Useless

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 Core Beliefs Driving Spring

Simple, Testable, Components Are Possible

avoid tight coupling
learn from experience
Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)
aspects are mainstream now

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 Spring and J2EE Agree

Program Against Interfaces

Create Reusable Components
Acquire Services from Containers

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 Use Interfaces to Prevent Tight Coupling

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 Interfaces Are Great, But...

How Do I Create New Objects?

How Do I Configure Objects?
How Do I Manage Objects?

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 Naive Approaches Cause Tight Coupling

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 Inversion of Control (IoC) For Loose Coupling

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 The Main Differences Between Spring and J2EE

Primary IoC Technique

dependency injection in Spring
dependency lookup in J2EE
Spring Very Careful About Dependencies on Itself
lesson learned from J2EE
makes it easy to use Spring with J2EE
makes it easy to use Spring with anything

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 Dependencies on the J2EE Container

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 The Spring Core

Dependency Injection (DI)

Configuration
Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP)
not typically counted among core
we (Relevance) think it will be

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 The Core

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 Dependency Injection in Spring

Get Beans from ApplicationContext

Context Hides Every Possible Source of Dependency
constructor args
new vs. lookup
concrete type

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 DI Code Example
package intro.presenter;

import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;

public class DemoEval {

public static void main(String[] args) {
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext ctxt =
new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/demo_eval.xml");
Eval e = (Eval) ctxt.getBean("introSpringEval");
System.out.println(e.getEvent());
}
}

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 DI Configuration Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="introSpringEval" class="intro.presenter.Eval" singleton="false">
<property name="event" ref="introSpring"/>
</bean>

<bean id="introSpring" class="intro.presenter.Presentation">

<property name="name" value="Intro to Spring"/>
</bean>

<bean id="introDotnetEval" class="intro.presenter.Eval" singleton="false">

<property name="event" ref="introDotnet"/>
</bean>

<bean id="introDotnet" class="intro.presenter.Presentation">

<property name="name" value="Intro to .NET"/>
</bean>

<bean id="validator" class="intro.presenter.Validator"/>

<!-- codecite configure advice -->

<bean id="autoproxy"
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="beanNames">
<value>introSpringEval</value>
</property>
<property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
 <value>validator</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- codecite configure advice -->
</beans>

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 DI Eliminates Needless Dependencies, But...

What About Necessary Dependencies?

Java provides some help
inheritance, delegation
not nearly enough
Java code, even with DI, is very repetitive
difficult to understand
expensive to maintain

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 Necessary Dependencies, or Cross-Cutting Concerns?

Multiple Classification Hierarchies

single inheritance can handle only one
Generic Services
auditing
transactions
persistence
validation
Per-Instance Variations
static typing forces dependency on everyone

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 Example Cross-Cutting Concern

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 Solution: Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP)

Isolate and Manage Crosscutting Concerns

Modify Code You Don't Control
Bypass the Restrictions of Java's Type System
Make Instance-Specific Code Changes
The Swiss Army Knife of Code Reuse

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 Terminology
Term Definition
Advice code that is woven in (to a pointcut)
Joinpoint point in the execution of an application
Pointcut combination of join points used to place advice
Aspect advice + pointcut
Introduction special case of advice: adding entirely new fields/methods

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 Advice Visualized

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 Aspect Example

Modify Eval Bean To Prevent Negative Values

Do Not Modify Existing Source
write code as advice
Apply Only To Some Evals
use pointcut, config to select which

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 Example: Writing Before Advice
package intro.presenter;

import org.springframework.aop.*;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Validator implements MethodBeforeAdvice {

public void before(Method method, Object[] objects, Object object)
throws Throwable {
if (objects.length == 1 && objects[0] instanceof Integer) {
if ((Integer)objects[0] <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot be <= 0: " +
objects[0]);
}
}
}
}

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 Example: Configuring Advice
<bean id="autoproxy"
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="beanNames">
<value>introSpringEval</value>
</property>
<property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>validator</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

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 Example: Invoking Advised Object
package intro.presenter;

import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;

public class DemoBadEval {

public static void main(String[] args) {
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext ctxt =
new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/demo_eval.xml");
Eval e = (Eval) ctxt.getBean("introDotnetEval");
System.out.println("Giving negative eval to " + e);
e.setSpeakerEval(-10);
e = (Eval) ctxt.getBean("introSpringEval");
System.out.println("Giving negative eval to " + e);
e.setSpeakerEval(-10);
}

Nothing in the Code Tells Which Beans Are Advised

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 Testing Spring Code

Testing POJOs is Trivial

use plain old JUnit (POJU?)
You Will Also Want To Test In Context
use APIs to weave aspects directly
use production bean config
use test specific bean config
use mock objects

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 Testing Example: Naked and Proxied
package intro.presenter;

import util.TestBase;
import org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory;

public class TestEval extends TestBase {

private Eval nakedEval;
private Eval proxiedEval;

protected void setUp()

throws Exception {
nakedEval = new Eval();
ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
pf.setProxyTargetClass(true);
pf.addAdvice(new Validator());
pf.setTarget(nakedEval);
proxiedEval = (Eval) pf.getProxy();
}

public void testNakedEval() {

nakedEval.setMaterialsEval(5);
assertEquals(5, nakedEval.getMaterialsEval());
nakedEval.setMaterialsEval(-5);
assertEquals(-5, nakedEval.getMaterialsEval());
}

public void testProxiedEval() {

proxiedEval.setMaterialsEval(5);
assertEquals(5, nakedEval.getMaterialsEval());
assertThrows("IllegalArgument", proxiedEval, "setMaterialsEval", -100);
}
}

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 Testing Example: Mock Objects With EasyMock
package intro.presenter;

import util.TestBase;
import static org.easymock.classextension.EasyMock.*;

public class TestEvalController extends TestBase {

public void testEval() {
EvalController ec = new EvalController();
Eval e = createMock(Eval.class);
e.setMaterialsEval(anyInt());
e.setSpeakerEval(anyInt());
replay(e);
ec.fillOutEval(e);
verify(e);
}
}

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 Dependency Injection and Aspects: Pro and Con

Pro
minimize dependencies
minimize repetition
code easy to test
Con
powerful abstractions are a mess when misused
can be difficult to follow, even when used well
lots of XML (for now)

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 Services

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 Data Access

JDBC Support
Hibernate Support
iBatis Support

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 Plain Old JDBC is Simple, Except For...

Connection Setup
Error Handling
Calling close

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 Plain Old JDBC
package intro.jdbc;

import java.sql.*;

public class JdbcRaw {

public static Connection getConnection()
throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate_xt",
"root", "");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
try {
conn = getConnection();
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT title FROM events");
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString("title"));
}
conn.close();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
 }
}
}
}
}

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 Spring's JdbcTemplate

Simplified Setup
Closes Resources Automatically
Convenience Methods For
translating exceptions
mapping results to objects
returning Java collections

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 Using JdbcTemplate
package intro.jdbc;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.*;

public class JdbcWithTemplate {

public static DataSource getDataSource() {
DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();
ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate_xt");
ds.setUsername("root");
ds.setPassword("");
return ds;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JdbcTemplate t = new JdbcTemplate(getDataSource());
List list = t.queryForList("SELECT title FROM events");
for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
}

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 Using JdbcTemplate With DI
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans>
<!-- not for production use (use driver with pooling!) -->
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate_xt"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value=""/>
</bean>
</beans>
package intro.jdbc;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.*;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;

public class JdbcWithTemplateAndDi {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctxt = new
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/jdbc_with_template_and_di.xml");
JdbcTemplate t = new JdbcTemplate((DataSource) ctxt.getBean("dataSource"));
List l = t.query("SELECT title FROM events", new RowMapper() {
public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int i) throws SQLException {
 return rs.getString("title");
}
});
for (Iterator it = l.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
}

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 Hibernate is Simple, Except For...

Configuration
Calling close

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 Spring Adds DI and HibernateTemplate

Simplified Setup
Closes Resources Automatically
Convenience Methods
Does This Sound Familiar?

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 Hibernate With Dependency Injection
package intro.hibernate;

import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.classic.Session;
import java.util.*;

public class HibernateWithDi {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctxt = new
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/hibernate_with_di.xml");
SessionFactory f = (SessionFactory) ctxt.getBean("sessionFactory");
Session sess = f.openSession();
List list = sess.createQuery("from intro.hibernate.Event").list();
for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
Event e = (Event) iterator.next();
System.out.println(e.getTitle());
}
sess.close();
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
 <value>intro/hibernate/event.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="dataSource">
<ref bean="dataSource"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate_xt"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value=""/>
</bean>
</beans>

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 Using HibernateTemplate
package intro.hibernate;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import java.util.*;

public class HibernateWithDiAndTemplate {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctxt = new
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/hibernate_with_di.xml");
HibernateTemplate t = new HibernateTemplate((SessionFactory)
ctxt.getBean("sessionFactory"));
List list = t.find("from intro.hibernate.Event");
for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
Event event = (Event) iterator.next();
System.out.println(event.getTitle());
}
}
}

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 HibernateDaoSupport

Base Class For Daos

Properties: sessionFactory and hibernateTemplate
Nothing Complex Here
does encourage good practice

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 Using HibernateDaoSupport
package intro.hibernate;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import java.util.List;

public class HibernateDao extends HibernateDaoSupport {

public List getEvents() {
return getHibernateTemplate().find("from intro.hibernate.Event");
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans>
<bean id="dao" class="intro.hibernate.HibernateDao">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>intro/hibernate/event.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="dataSource">
 <ref bean="dataSource"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate_xt"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value=""/>
</bean>
</beans>

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 Spring ACEGI

Security Framework
Pluggable Every Possible Way
Good, Simple Defaults For Web Apps
Highly Recommended

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 ACEGI Simplified

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 ACEGI Complete

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 ACEGI Web Security

ACEGI Designed For Web Apps

many web-specific conveniences
Built Around Servlet Filters
often no code to write
simply configure the filters you want
they must be in the correct order!

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 ACEGI Filters Simplified

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 References

Resources
Codecite (Presentations and Code Samples), http://www.codecite.com
Relevance Consulting and Development, http://www.relevancellc.com/main/services
Relevance Training, http://www.relevancellc.com/main/training
Relevance Weblog, http://blogs.relevancellc.com

Projects Cited
Spring Exploration Application, http://www.codecite.com/projects/download/spring_xt

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