The document contains a mathematical formula for calculating a critical value F with variables α and β, along with a graph showing α on the x-axis from 0 to 20 and β as a line graph fluctuating between 0.2 and 0.6.
The document contains a mathematical formula for calculating a critical value F with variables α and β, along with a graph showing α on the x-axis from 0 to 20 and β as a line graph fluctuating between 0.2 and 0.6.
The document contains a mathematical formula for calculating a critical value F with variables α and β, along with a graph showing α on the x-axis from 0 to 20 and β as a line graph fluctuating between 0.2 and 0.6.
The document contains a mathematical formula for calculating a critical value F with variables α and β, along with a graph showing α on the x-axis from 0 to 20 and β as a line graph fluctuating between 0.2 and 0.6.
