II.

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature
Convenience

Social media offers platform for online learning

According to Sawahel, 2020 Social media usage for sustaining formal academic communication
in developing countries”, published in Sustainability on 12 August, show that social media
platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp have been used effectively to sustain formal teaching
and learning in Egyptian public higher education institutions which lacked technological
platforms and formal online learning management systems during the COVID-19 shutdown. The
study reveals that most faculty members used Facebook or WhatsApp as the sole tool for
academic communication with their students because online meeting platforms such as Google
Classroom and Zoom were unfamiliar to students and no training was available. The use of
social media enriches and diversifies information ecologies as well as playing a supportive role
for formal learning networks, far beyond learning management systems.

Internet Access

Lack of study space and poor connections hinder online learning

According to Mckie 2020, Almost three-quarters of English students who responded to a survey
reported lacking access to quiet spaces to study and more than half said they were unable to
access digital course materials following the switch to online learning. The poll, carried out for
the Office for Students, showed that the variety in ability to access higher education from home
risked many students being left behind by their “digital poverty”. It found that 72 percent of the
1,416 surveyed students said they had been affected by a lack of access to a quiet space to
study, with 24 percent saying they were moderately impacted and 22 per cent saying they were
severely impacted. They also found that 56 per cent reported an impact on their studies from
their lack of access to appropriate online course materials and 52 per cent said that a slow or
unreliable internet connection had hampered their learning. It found that 18 per cent were
impacted in some way by a lack of access to the internet and the same proportion were
affected by not being able to access a laptop or computer. Because of the pandemic many
students have difficulties when it comes to internet connection during their online class
because not all of them have a privilege to have an unlimited internet and some of them just
registered to a promo internet to attend online class. But although you have an internet signal
can be a hindrance too because not all of us have a stable signal to join in online class. Online
class is very challenging to students to do an online class and much prefer a face to face
learning than online learning. 

Mckie 2020, 
https://www.timeshighreduction.com/news/lack-study-space-and-poor-connections-hinder-
online-learning

Distraction

Students distractions widens digital divide for distance learner during pandemic

As stated by Fehely 2020, Parents and educators have feared that online learning during the
pandemic would leave some students behind, with the digital divide between wealthier and
poorer families widening the achievement gap. But the divide in distance learning goes beyond
technology. Most of the students say that they can easily get distracted during online classes.
According to other students it would be better they could just go to the regular public school.
They could meet in person with the teachers. And if they had an issue, they could resolve it
right there. The challenges of at-home learning and distance learning run well beyond just
technology. Here are still drastic disparities in terms of what the learning environment can look
like in terms of low and high-income families. 

Students distractions widens digital divide for distance learner during pandemic, august 2020,
delving fehely, https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/08/14/student-distraction-widens-
digital-divide-for-distance-learners-during-pandemic/

Environmental Condition

Challenges and Opportunities for Higher Education amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

According to Toquero 2020, As of april 06, 2020, Covid 19 impacted higher education
institutions not only in Wuhan, China, where the virus originated, but all other educational
institutions in 188 countries. Despite the COVID 19 challenges, educational countermeasures are
taken to continue educating the students. This article presents how higher education is affected
and how it can adapt to potential challenges, based on the author's experience of academic study
findings, Covid 19 recommendations, and the need for alternative solutions. This paper proposes
that educational institutions develop studies to proliferate and record the effect on the
educational system of the pandemic. There is also a greater need for educational institutions to
improve teaching practices and make them more sensitive, even beyond traditional classrooms,
to the learning needs of students.

Toquero Cathy Mae 2020, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1263557

Participation

Five Ways to Boost Student Participation in Remote Learning

Five ways to boost student participation in remote learning, april 2020, Larry Ferlazzo,
https://blogs.edweek.org/teachers/classroom_qa_with_larry_ferlazzo/2020/04/five_ways_to_
boost_student_participation_in_remote_learning.html

Local Literature

Challenges and Teacher Resilience: The New Normal Classroom Instruction Using Social
Media in Philippine Context

The world is covered by the Corona Virus or much known as COVID-19 in which it rises and
spreads, many of the Filipino citizens are being infected by this and sadly many people died in
this kind of virus. The purpose of this study is to assess the challenges and the Teacher
Resilience based on self-reflection in this kind of new learning and new teaching strategies
that’s why this study selected the teachers as the respondents. This study represents the word
“BRIGHT” which means build resilience in quickly recovering and adopting the new normal;
resourcefulness to use in a creative way; innovative making an originality; goal-oriented which
focuses on specific objectives; home-skills in where we use to be flexible even in our house; and
technology assist learning environment through the use of social media. The online teaching
has an extremely hard time teaching every student.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jayson_De_Vera2/publication/344467152_CHAPTER-
11_Challenges_and_Teacher_Resilience_The_New_Normal_Classroom_Instruction_Using_Soci
al_Media_in_Philippine_Context/links/5f7a0f4e299bf1b53e0e2a68/CHAPTER-11-Challenges-
and-Teacher-Resilience-The-New-Normal-Classroom-Instruction-Using-Social-Media-in-
Philippine-Context.pdf

IV. Statement of the Problem

 The general problem of the study is to identify the use of social media and other
communication platforms as tools in education amidst pandemic. Specifically, the researchers
sought to find answers for the following questions:

1. How may the respondents be described in terms of:

 Age
 Gender
 Year level
 Department
 Employee status
 Years or work experience at Phinma AU

2. Which of the following factors affect the use of social media and other communication
platforms as tools in education amidst pandemic?
 Convenience
 Internet access
 Distraction
 Environmental Condition
 Participation

3. Is there a significant difference among the use of technology and other communication
platforms in students when grouped according to their demographic profile?
Hypothesis
1. There are no factors that can affect the use of social media and other communication
platforms as tools in education amidst pandemic
2.  There are no significant differences among the use of technology and other
communication platforms in students when grouped according to their demographic
profile.

 V. Significance of the Study

This study is generally significant because it contributes to a developing area of research.
The aim of this study is to recognize the use of social media and other communication platforms
as educational tools in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic and to assess instructors and students'
effectiveness. This study derived its relevance from the benefits it would provide to the
following: 
Students: 
     This study will help the student to know about the importance of participation during online
class and communication skills and how to enhance it. In addition, students will gain valuable
knowledge from effective and efficient teaching methods through social media platforms as a
tool in education.
Teachers: 
Teachers will be able to enhance students' class participation and provide processes to be
studied that leads to the acknowledgement of student education impact through social media and
other forms of communications.
Researchers: 
     The researchers will gain useful information to find out the effectiveness of using social
media and other forms of communication as tools in education . Also, the researchers experience
upon conducting the study will be a big help to expand the knowledge about the subject and the
subject matter.
Other Researchers: 
        This study serves as a basis for any future research that might have. It will help other
researchers as supporting documents which relate to the problems of the study.
VI. Scope and Limitation
This study was focused on social media in education of CMA students of Phinma-Araullo
University and the advantage and disadvantage of social media. The respondents involved in this
study are the CMA-BMF student and also the faculty of CMA. This research was conducted
during the 1st semester of SY. 2020-2021.
CHAPTER II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methods that were used, respondents of the study,
where the study conducted, materials and instruments that were used, data collection and
procedure of analysis.

I. Research Design 
To obtain the objective of the study, the researchers apply a descriptive type of research.  
Descriptive research design is a scientific method which involves observing and describing the
behaviour of a subject without influencing in any way. ( www.explorable.com/)
Descriptive research was appropriate for this study because it aimed at discovering new
meaning, describing what exists, determining the frequency with which something occurs, and
categorizing information.

II. Respondents of the study

  The respondents of the study were the CMA-BMF students and CMA Faculty of Phinma
Araullo University.
As determined and certified by the University Registrar and Human Resource
Department of Phinma Araullo University, there are a total of 400 CMA-BMF students and 33
CMA faculty.
From the population of CMA-BMF students and faculty who are potential respondents of
the study, the researcher’s used slovin's formula with a margin of error or 10% as the sampling
method to know the sample size of respondents which resulted in respondents.

III. Locale of the study

The study will be conducted at PHINMA Araullo University, Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan
City, Nueva Ecija.

IV. Materials and Instruments

The researcher’s used questionnaires in collecting the data from the respondents who
were the CMA -BMF students and CMA Faculty in Phinma Araullo University.
The type of questionnaire that were utilized in this study were:
Likert Scale, a psychological measurement device used to gauge attitudes, values, and
opinions. It functions by having a respondent complete a questionnaire that requires them to
indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree with a series of statements.
V. DataCollection
In order to gather the desired data needed in the study, the researchers have taken the
following into consideration:
Request Letter 
Determining the sample size
The researchers determined a sample size using the Slovins Formula. From 433 total
populations of respondents, 81 was the sample size which represented the population.
Questionnaire
Consent, Selection of respondents schedule and privacy.
Distributions of questionnaire
Collection of questionnaire

VI. Data Analysis

The respondents were being requested to evaluate the questions from 1 to 5: 5 being the
highest. The collected data was tallied and analyzed and set into tables for interpretation and
analysis. The collected data was analyzed statistically in order to answer the question of the
study. 

Statistical Treatment

         The researcher used the following tools to summarize all the collected data:

·        Frequency Count was used to summarize the demographic profile of respondents.

·         Percentage Distribution was used to determine the proportion of the demographic profile of
all respondents.