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Configuring Network Security With Acls

This document discusses configuring network security on a Catalyst 2960 switch using access control lists (ACLs). It describes how ACLs filter network traffic by permitting or denying packets crossing specified interfaces. The chapter covers understanding ACLs, configuring IPv4 ACLs, creating named MAC extended ACLs, and displaying IPv4 ACL configurations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
95 views22 pages

Configuring Network Security With Acls

This document discusses configuring network security on a Catalyst 2960 switch using access control lists (ACLs). It describes how ACLs filter network traffic by permitting or denying packets crossing specified interfaces. The chapter covers understanding ACLs, configuring IPv4 ACLs, creating named MAC extended ACLs, and displaying IPv4 ACL configurations.

Uploaded by

mmi1982
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

CH A P T E R 34

Configuring Network Security with ACLs

This chapter describes how to configure network security on the Catalyst 2960 switch by using access
control lists (ACLs), which in commands and tables are also referred to as access lists.

Note Information in this chapter about IP ACLs is specific to IP Version 4 (IPv4).

For complete syntax and usage information for the commands used in this chapter, see the command
reference for this release, the “Configuring IP Services” section in the “IP Addressing and Services”
chapter of the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide, Release 12.2, and the Cisco IOS IP Command
Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services, Release 12.2. The Cisco IOS documentation is
available from the Cisco.com page under Documentation > Cisco IOS Software > 12.2 Mainline >
Configuration Guides or Command References.
This chapter consists of these sections:
• Understanding ACLs, page 34-1
• Configuring IPv4 ACLs, page 34-4
• Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs, page 34-20
• Displaying IPv4 ACL Configuration, page 34-22

Understanding ACLs
Packet filtering can help limit network traffic and restrict network use by certain users or devices. ACLs
filter traffic as it passes through a switch and permit or deny packets crossing specified interfaces. An
ACL is a sequential collection of permit and deny conditions that apply to packets. When a packet is
received on an interface, the switch compares the fields in the packet against any applied ACLs to verify
that the packet has the required permissions to be forwarded, based on the criteria specified in the access
lists. One by one, it tests packets against the conditions in an access list. The first match decides whether
the switch accepts or rejects the packets. Because the switch stops testing after the first match, the order
of conditions in the list is critical. If no conditions match, the switch rejects the packet. If there are no
restrictions, the switch forwards the packet; otherwise, the switch drops the packet. The switch can use
ACLs on all packets it forwards.

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Chapter 34 Configuring Network Security with ACLs
Understanding ACLs

You configure access lists on a switch to provide basic security for your network. If you do not configure
ACLs, all packets passing through the switch could be allowed onto all parts of the network. You can use
ACLs to control which hosts can access different parts of a network or to decide which types of traffic
are forwarded or blocked. For example, you can allow e-mail traffic to be forwarded but not Telnet
traffic.
An ACL contains an ordered list of access control entries (ACEs). Each ACE specifies permit or deny
and a set of conditions the packet must satisfy in order to match the ACE. The meaning of permit or deny
depends on the context in which the ACL is used.
The switch supports IP ACLs and Ethernet (MAC) ACLs:
• IP ACLs filter IPv4 traffic, including TCP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP), and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
• Ethernet ACLs filter non-IP traffic.
This switch also supports quality of service (QoS) classification ACLs. For more information, see the
“Classification Based on QoS ACLs” section on page 35-7.
These sections contain this conceptual information:
• Port ACLs, page 34-2
• Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic, page 34-3

Port ACLs
Port ACLs are ACLs that are applied to Layer 2 interfaces on a switch. Port ACLs are supported only on
physical interfaces and not on EtherChannel interfaces and can be applied only on interfaces in the
inbound direction. These access lists are supported:
• Standard IP access lists using source addresses
• Extended IP access lists using source and destination addresses and optional protocol type
information
• MAC extended access lists using source and destination MAC addresses and optional protocol type
information
The switch examines ACLs associated with all inbound features configured on a given interface and
permits or denies packet forwarding based on how the packet matches the entries in the ACL. In this way,
ACLs control access to a network or to part of a network. Figure 34-1 is an example of using port ACLs
to control access to a network when all workstations are in the same VLAN. ACLs applied at the Layer
2 input would allow Host A to access the Human Resources network, but prevent Host B from accessing
the same network. Port ACLs can only be applied to Layer 2 interfaces in the inbound direction.

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Understanding ACLs

Figure 34-1 Using ACLs to Control Traffic to a Network

Host A

Host B

Human Research &


Resources Development
network network

= ACL denying traffic from Host B

101365
and permitting traffic from Host A
= Packet

When you apply a port ACL to a trunk port, the ACL filters traffic on all VLANs present on the trunk
port. When you apply a port ACL to a port with voice VLAN, the ACL filters traffic on both data and
voice VLANs.
With port ACLs, you can filter IP traffic by using IP access lists and non-IP traffic by using MAC
addresses. You can filter both IP and non-IP traffic on the same Layer 2 interface by applying both an IP
access list and a MAC access list to the interface.

Note You cannot apply more than one IP access list and one MAC access list to a Layer 2 interface. If an IP
access list or MAC access list is already configured on a Layer 2 interface and you apply a new IP access
list or MAC access list to the interface, the new ACL replaces the previously configured one.

Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic


IP packets can be fragmented as they cross the network. When this happens, only the fragment
containing the beginning of the packet contains the Layer 4 information, such as TCP or UDP port
numbers, ICMP type and code, and so on. All other fragments are missing this information.
Some ACEs do not check Layer 4 information and therefore can be applied to all packet fragments. ACEs
that do test Layer 4 information cannot be applied in the standard manner to most of the fragments in a
fragmented IP packet. When the fragment contains no Layer 4 information and the ACE tests some
Layer 4 information, the matching rules are modified:
• Permit ACEs that check the Layer 3 information in the fragment (including protocol type, such as
TCP, UDP, and so on) are considered to match the fragment regardless of what the missing Layer 4
information might have been.
• Deny ACEs that check Layer 4 information never match a fragment unless the fragment contains
Layer 4 information.

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Consider access list 102, configured with these commands, applied to three fragmented packets:
Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any host 10.1.1.1 eq smtp
Switch(config)# access-list 102 deny tcp any host 10.1.1.2 eq telnet
Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any host 10.1.1.2
Switch(config)# access-list 102 deny tcp any any

Note In the first and second ACEs in the examples, the eq keyword after the destination address means to test
for the TCP-destination-port well-known numbers equaling Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and
Telnet, respectively.

• Packet A is a TCP packet from host 10.2.2.2., port 65000, going to host 10.1.1.1 on the SMTP port.
If this packet is fragmented, the first fragment matches the first ACE (a permit) as if it were a
complete packet because all Layer 4 information is present. The remaining fragments also match the
first ACE, even though they do not contain the SMTP port information, because the first ACE only
checks Layer 3 information when applied to fragments. The information in this example is that the
packet is TCP and that the destination is 10.1.1.1.
• Packet B is from host 10.2.2.2, port 65001, going to host 10.1.1.2 on the Telnet port. If this packet
is fragmented, the first fragment matches the second ACE (a deny) because all Layer 3 and Layer 4
information is present. The remaining fragments in the packet do not match the second ACE because
they are missing Layer 4 information. Instead, they match the third ACE (a permit).
Because the first fragment was denied, host 10.1.1.2 cannot reassemble a complete packet, so packet
B is effectively denied. However, the later fragments that are permitted will consume bandwidth on
the network and resources of host 10.1.1.2 as it tries to reassemble the packet.
• Fragmented packet C is from host 10.2.2.2, port 65001, going to host 10.1.1.3, port ftp. If this packet
is fragmented, the first fragment matches the fourth ACE (a deny). All other fragments also match
the fourth ACE because that ACE does not check any Layer 4 information and because Layer 3
information in all fragments shows that they are being sent to host 10.1.1.3, and the earlier permit
ACEs were checking different hosts.

Configuring IPv4 ACLs


Configuring IP v4ACLs on the switch is the same as configuring IPv4 ACLs on other Cisco switches and
routers. The process is briefly described here. For more detailed information on configuring ACLs, see
the “Configuring IP Services” section in the “IP Addressing and Services” chapter of the Cisco IOS IP
Configuration Guide, Release 12.2. For detailed information about the commands, see the Cisco IOS IP
Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services, Release 12.2. The Cisco IOS
documentation is available from the Cisco.com page under Documentation > Cisco IOS Software >
12.2 Mainline > Configuration Guides or Command References.
The switch does not support these Cisco IOS router ACL-related features:
• Non-IP protocol ACLs (see Table 34-1 on page 34-6) or bridge-group ACLs
• IP accounting
• Inbound and outbound rate limiting (except with QoS ACLs)
• Reflexive ACLs or dynamic ACLs (except for some specialized dynamic ACLs used by the switch
clustering feature)
• ACL logging

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

These are the steps to use IP ACLs on the switch:

Step 1 Create an ACL by specifying an access list number or name and the access conditions.
Step 2 Apply the ACL to interfaces or terminal lines.

These sections contain this configuration information:


• Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs, page 34-5
• Applying an IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line, page 34-16
• Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface, page 34-16
• Hardware and Software Treatment of IP ACLs, page 34-17
• IPv4 ACL Configuration Examples, page 34-17

Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs


This section describes IP ACLs. An ACL is a sequential collection of permit and deny conditions. One
by one, the switch tests packets against the conditions in an access list. The first match determines
whether the switch accepts or rejects the packet. Because the switch stops testing after the first match,
the order of the conditions is critical. If no conditions match, the switch denies the packet.
The software supports these types of ACLs or access lists for IPv4:
• Standard IP access lists use source addresses for matching operations.
• Extended IP access lists use source and destination addresses for matching operations and optional
protocol-type information for finer granularity of control.
These sections describe access lists and how to create them:
• Access List Numbers, page 34-6
• Creating a Numbered Standard ACL, page 34-7
• Creating a Numbered Extended ACL, page 34-8
• Resequencing ACEs in an ACL, page 34-12
• Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs, page 34-12
• Using Time Ranges with ACLs, page 34-14
• Including Comments in ACLs, page 34-15

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Chapter 34 Configuring Network Security with ACLs
Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Access List Numbers


The number you use to denote your ACL shows the type of access list that you are creating. Table 34-1
lists the access-list number and corresponding access list type and shows whether or not they are
supported in the switch. The switch supports IPv4 standard and extended access lists, numbers 1 to 199
and 1300 to 2699.

Table 34-1 Access List Numbers

Access List Number Type Supported


1–99 IP standard access list Yes
100–199 IP extended access list Yes
200–299 Protocol type-code access list No
300–399 DECnet access list No
400–499 XNS standard access list No
500–599 XNS extended access list No
600–699 AppleTalk access list No
700–799 48-bit MAC address access list No
800–899 IPX standard access list No
900–999 IPX extended access list No
1000–1099 IPX SAP access list No
1100–1199 Extended 48-bit MAC address access list No
1200–1299 IPX summary address access list No
1300–1999 IP standard access list (expanded range) Yes
2000–2699 IP extended access list (expanded range) Yes

Note In addition to numbered standard and extended ACLs, you can also create standard and extended named
IP ACLs by using the supported numbers. That is, the name of a standard IP ACL can be 1 to 99; the
name of an extended IP ACL can be 100 to 199. The advantage of using named ACLs instead of
numbered lists is that you can delete individual entries from a named list.

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Creating a Numbered Standard ACL


Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create a numbered standard ACL:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2 access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} Define a standard IPv4 access list by using a source address and
source [source-wildcard] wildcard.
The access-list-number is a decimal number from 1 to 99 or 1300
to 1999.
Enter deny or permit to specify whether to deny or permit access
if conditions are matched.
The source is the source address of the network or host from which
the packet is being sent specified as:
• The 32-bit quantity in dotted-decimal format.
• The keyword any as an abbreviation for source and
source-wildcard of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255. You do not need
to enter a source-wildcard.
• The keyword host as an abbreviation for source and
source-wildcard of source 0.0.0.0.
(Optional) The source-wildcard applies wildcard bits to the
source.
Step 3 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 4 show access-lists [number | name] Show the access list configuration.
Step 5 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

Use the no access-list access-list-number global configuration command to delete the entire ACL. You
cannot delete individual ACEs from numbered access lists.

Note When creating an ACL, remember that, by default, the end of the ACL contains an implicit deny
statement for all packets that it did not find a match for before reaching the end. With standard access
lists, if you omit the mask from an associated IP host address ACL specification, 0.0.0.0 is assumed to
be the mask.

This example shows how to create a standard ACL to deny access to IP host 171.69.198.102, permit
access to any others, and display the results.
Switch (config)# access-list 2 deny host 171.69.198.102
Switch (config)# access-list 2 permit any
Switch(config)# end
Switch# show access-lists
Standard IP access list 2
10 deny 171.69.198.102
20 permit any

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

The switch always rewrites the order of standard access lists so that entries with host matches and entries
with matches having a don’t care mask of 0.0.0.0 are moved to the top of the list, above any entries with
non-zero don’t care masks. Therefore, in show command output and in the configuration file, the ACEs
do not necessarily appear in the order in which they were entered.
After creating a numbered standard IPv4 ACL, you can apply it to terminal lines (see the “Applying an
IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line” section on page 34-16) and to interfaces (see the “Applying an IPv4 ACL
to an Interface” section on page 34-16).

Creating a Numbered Extended ACL


Although standard ACLs use only source addresses for matching, you can use extended ACL source and
destination addresses for matching operations and optional protocol type information for finer
granularity of control. When you are creating ACEs in numbered extended access lists, remember that
after you create the ACL, any additions are placed at the end of the list. You cannot reorder the list or
selectively add or remove ACEs from a numbered list.
Some protocols also have specific parameters and keywords that apply to that protocol.
These IP protocols are supported (protocol keywords are in parentheses in bold):
Authentication Header Protocol (ahp), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (eigrp),
Encapsulation Security Payload (esp), generic routing encapsulation (gre), Internet Control Message
Protocol (icmp), Internet Group Management Protocol (igmp), any Interior Protocol (ip), IP in IP
tunneling (ipinip), KA9Q NOS-compatible IP over IP tunneling (nos), Open Shortest Path First routing
(ospf), Payload Compression Protocol (pcp), Protocol Independent Multicast (pim), Transmission
Control Protocol (tcp), or User Datagram Protocol (udp).

Note ICMP echo-reply cannot be filtered. All other ICMP codes or types can be filtered.

For more details on the specific keywords for each protocol, see these command references:
• Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services, Release 12.2
• Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols, Release 12.2
• Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 3 of 3: Multicast, Release 12.2
These documents are available from the Cisco.com page under Documentation > Cisco IOS Software
> 12.2 Mainline > Command References.

Note The switch does not support dynamic or reflexive access lists. It also does not support filtering based on
the type of service (ToS) minimize-monetary-cost bit.

Supported parameters can be grouped into these categories: TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, or other IP.

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create an extended ACL:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2a access-list access-list-number Define an extended IPv4 access list and the access conditions.
{deny | permit} protocol The access-list-number is a decimal number from 100 to 199 or 2000 to 2699.
source source-wildcard
destination destination-wildcard Enter deny or permit to specify whether to deny or permit the packet if
[precedence precedence] [tos tos] conditions are matched.
[fragments] [time-range For protocol, enter the name or number of an IP protocol: ahp, eigrp, esp, gre,
time-range-name] [dscp dscp] icmp, igmp, igrp, ip, ipinip, nos, ospf, pcp, pim, tcp, or udp, or an integer in
Note If you enter a dscp value, the range 0 to 255 representing an IP protocol number. To match any Internet
you cannot enter tos or protocol (including ICMP, TCP, and UDP), use the keyword ip.
precedence. You can enter Note This step includes options for most IP protocols. For additional specific
both a tos and a parameters for TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IGMP, see steps 2b through 2e.
precedence value with no
dscp. The source is the number of the network or host from which the packet is sent.
The source-wildcard applies wildcard bits to the source.
The destination is the network or host number to which the packet is sent.
The destination-wildcard applies wildcard bits to the destination.
Source, source-wildcard, destination, and destination-wildcard can be specified
as:
• The 32-bit quantity in dotted-decimal format.
• The keyword any for 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 (any host).
• The keyword host for a single host 0.0.0.0.
The other keywords are optional and have these meanings:
• precedence—Enter to match packets with a precedence level specified as a
number from 0 to 7 or by name: routine (0), priority (1), immediate (2),
flash (3), flash-override (4), critical (5), internet (6), network (7).
• fragments—Enter to check non-initial fragments.
• tos—Enter to match by type of service level, specified by a number from 0
to 15 or a name: normal (0), max-reliability (2), max-throughput (4),
min-delay (8).
• time-range—For an explanation of this keyword, see the “Using Time
Ranges with ACLs” section on page 34-14.
• dscp—Enter to match packets with the DSCP value specified by a number
from 0 to 63, or use the question mark (?) to see a list of available values.
or access-list access-list-number In access-list configuration mode, define an extended IP access list using an
{deny | permit} protocol any any abbreviation for a source and source wildcard of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 and
[precedence precedence] [tos tos] an abbreviation for a destination and destination wildcard of 0.0.0.0
[fragments] [time-range 255.255.255.255.
time-range-name] [dscp dscp] You can use the any keyword in place of source and destination address and
wildcard.

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Command Purpose
or access-list access-list-number Define an extended IP access list by using an abbreviation for a source and a
{deny | permit} protocol source wildcard of source 0.0.0.0 and an abbreviation for a destination and
host source host destination destination wildcard of destination 0.0.0.0.
[precedence precedence] [tos tos] You can use the host keyword in place of the source and destination wildcard
[fragments] [time-range or mask.
time-range-name] [dscp dscp]
Step 2b access-list access-list-number (Optional) Define an extended TCP access list and the access conditions.
{deny | permit} tcp source Enter tcp for Transmission Control Protocol.
source-wildcard [operator port]
destination destination-wildcard The parameters are the same as those described in Step 2a, with these
[operator port] [established] exceptions:
[precedence precedence] [tos tos] (Optional) Enter an operator and port to compare source (if positioned after
[fragments] [time-range source source-wildcard) or destination (if positioned after destination
time-range-name] [dscp dscp] destination-wildcard) port. Possible operators include eq (equal), gt (greater
[flag] than), lt (less than), neq (not equal), and range (inclusive range). Operators
require a port number (range requires two port numbers separated by a space).
Enter the port number as a decimal number (from 0 to 65535) or the name of a
TCP port. To see TCP port names, use the ? or see the “Configuring IP Services”
section in the “IP Addressing and Services” chapter of the Cisco IOS IP
Configuration Guide, Release 12.2. Use only TCP port numbers or names when
filtering TCP.
The other optional keywords have these meanings:
• established—Enter to match an established connection. This has the same
function as matching on the ack or rst flag.
• flag—Enter one of these flags to match by the specified TCP header bits:
ack (acknowledge), fin (finish), psh (push), rst (reset), syn (synchronize),
or urg (urgent).
Step 2c access-list access-list-number (Optional) Define an extended UDP access list and the access conditions.
{deny | permit} udp Enter udp for the User Datagram Protocol.
source source-wildcard [operator
port] destination The UDP parameters are the same as those described for TCP except that the
destination-wildcard [operator [operator [port]] port number or name must be a UDP port number or name, and
port] [precedence precedence] the flag and established parameters are not valid for UDP.
[tos tos] [fragments] [time-range
time-range-name] [dscp dscp]

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Command Purpose
Step 2d access-list access-list-number (Optional) Define an extended ICMP access list and the access conditions.
{deny | permit} icmp source Enter icmp for Internet Control Message Protocol.
source-wildcard destination
destination-wildcard [icmp-type | The ICMP parameters are the same as those described for most IP protocols in
[[icmp-type icmp-code] | Step 2a, with the addition of the ICMP message type and code parameters.
[icmp-message]] [precedence These optional keywords have these meanings:
precedence] [tos tos] [fragments] • icmp-type—Enter to filter by ICMP message type, a number from 0 to 255.
[time-range time-range-name]
[dscp dscp] • icmp-code—Enter to filter ICMP packets that are filtered by the ICMP
message code type, a number from 0 to 255.
• icmp-message—Enter to filter ICMP packets by the ICMP message type
name or the ICMP message type and code name. To see a list of ICMP
message type names and code names, use the ?, or see the “Configuring IP
Services” section of the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide, Release 12.2.
Step 2e access-list access-list-number (Optional) Define an extended IGMP access list and the access conditions.
{deny | permit} igmp source
Enter igmp for Internet Group Management Protocol.
source-wildcard destination
destination-wildcard [igmp-type] The IGMP parameters are the same as those described for most IP protocols in
[precedence precedence] [tos tos] Step 2a, with this optional parameter.
[fragments] [time-range igmp-type—To match IGMP message type, enter a number from 0 to 15, or enter
time-range-name] [dscp dscp] the message name (dvmrp, host-query, host-report, pim, or trace).
Step 3 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 4 show access-lists [number | name] Verify the access list configuration.
Step 5 copy running-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.
startup-config

Use the no access-list access-list-number global configuration command to delete the entire access list.
You cannot delete individual ACEs from numbered access lists.
This example shows how to create and display an extended access list to deny Telnet access from any
host in network 171.69.198.0 to any host in network 172.20.52.0 and to permit any others. (The eq
keyword after the destination address means to test for the TCP destination port number equaling
Telnet.)
Switch(config)# access-list 102 deny tcp 171.69.198.0 0.0.0.255 172.20.52.0 0.0.0.255 eq
telnet
Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any any
Switch(config)# end
Switch# show access-lists
Extended IP access list 102
10 deny tcp 171.69.198.0 0.0.0.255 172.20.52.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet
20 permit tcp any any

After an ACL is created, any additions (possibly entered from the terminal) are placed at the end of the
list. You cannot selectively add or remove access list entries from a numbered access list.

Note When you are creating an ACL, remember that, by default, the end of the access list contains an implicit
deny statement for all packets if it did not find a match before reaching the end.

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

After creating a numbered extended ACL, you can apply it to terminal lines (see the “Applying an IPv4
ACL to a Terminal Line” section on page 34-16), to interfaces (see the “Applying an IPv4 ACL to an
Interface” section on page 34-16).

Resequencing ACEs in an ACL


Sequence numbers for the entries in an access list are automatically generated when you create a new
ACL. You can use the ip access-list resequence global configuration command to edit the sequence
numbers in an ACL and change the order in which ACEs are applied. For example, if you add a new ACE
to an ACL, it is placed at the bottom of the list. By changing the sequence number, you can move the
ACE to a different position in the ACL.
For more information about the ip access-list resequence command, see this URL:
http://preview.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1838/products_feature_guide09186a0080134a
60.html

Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs


You can identify IPv4 ACLs with an alphanumeric string (a name) rather than a number. You can use
named ACLs to configure more IPv4 access lists in a router than if you were to use numbered access
lists. If you identify your access list with a name rather than a number, the mode and command syntax
are slightly different. However, not all commands that use IP access lists accept a named access list.

Note The name you give to a standard or extended ACL can also be a number in the supported range of access
list numbers. That is, the name of a standard IP ACL can be 1 to 99; the name of an extended IP ACL
can be 100 to 199. The advantage of using named ACLs instead of numbered lists is that you can delete
individual entries from a named list.

Consider these guidelines and limitations before configuring named ACLs:


• Not all commands that accept a numbered ACL accept a named ACL. ACLs for packet filters and
route filters on interfaces can use a name.
• A standard ACL and an extended ACL cannot have the same name.
• Numbered ACLs are also available, as described in the “Creating Standard and Extended IPv4
ACLs” section on page 34-5.
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create a standard ACL using names:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2 ip access-list standard name Define a standard IPv4 access list using a name, and enter
access-list configuration mode.
The name can be a number from 1 to 99.
Step 3 deny {source [source-wildcard] | host source | In access-list configuration mode, specify one or more conditions
any} denied or permitted to decide if the packet is forwarded or dropped.
or • host source—A source and source wildcard of source 0.0.0.0.
permit {source [source-wildcard] | host source • any—A source and source wildcard of 0.0.0.0
| any} 255.255.255.255.

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Command Purpose
Step 4 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 5 show access-lists [number | name] Show the access list configuration.
Step 6 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

To remove a named standard ACL, use the no ip access-list standard name global configuration
command.
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create an extended ACL using names:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2 ip access-list extended name Define an extended IPv4 access list using a name, and enter
access-list configuration mode.
The name can be a number from 100 to 199.
Step 3 {deny | permit} protocol {source In access-list configuration mode, specify the conditions allowed
[source-wildcard] | host source | any} or denied.
{destination [destination-wildcard] | host
See the “Creating a Numbered Extended ACL” section on
destination | any} [precedence precedence]
page 34-8 for definitions of protocols and other keywords.
[tos tos] [established] [time-range
time-range-name] • host source—A source and source wildcard of source 0.0.0.0.
• host destination—A destination and destination wildcard of
destination 0.0.0.0.
• any—A source and source wildcard or destination and
destination wildcard of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255.
Step 4 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 5 show access-lists [number | name] Show the access list configuration.
Step 6 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

To remove a named extended ACL, use the no ip access-list extended name global configuration
command.
When you are creating standard extended ACLs, remember that, by default, the end of the ACL contains
an implicit deny statement for everything if it did not find a match before reaching the end. For standard
ACLs, if you omit the mask from an associated IP host address access list specification, 0.0.0.0 is
assumed to be the mask.
After you create an ACL, any additions are placed at the end of the list. You cannot selectively add ACL
entries to a specific ACL. However, you can use no permit and no deny access-list configuration mode
commands to remove entries from a named ACL. This example shows how you can delete individual
ACEs from the named access list border-list:
Switch(config)# ip access-list extended border-list
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# no permit ip host 10.1.1.3 any

Being able to selectively remove lines from a named ACL is one reason you might use named ACLs
instead of numbered ACLs.
After creating a named ACL, you can apply it to interfaces (see the “Applying an IPv4 ACL to an
Interface” section on page 34-16).

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Using Time Ranges with ACLs


You can selectively apply extended ACLs based on the time of day and the week by using the time-range
global configuration command. First, define a time-range name and set the times and the dates or the
days of the week in the time range. Then enter the time-range name when applying an ACL to set
restrictions to the access list. You can use the time range to define when the permit or deny statements
in the ACL are in effect, for example, during a specified time period or on specified days of the week.
The time-range keyword and argument are referenced in the named and numbered extended ACL task
tables in the previous sections, the “Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs” section on page 34-5,
and the “Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs” section on page 34-12.
Time-based access lists trigger CPU activity because the new configuration of the access list must be
merged with other features and the combined configuration loaded into the TCAM. For this reason, you
should be careful not to have several access lists configured to take affect in close succession (within a
small number of minutes of each other.)

Note The time range relies on the switch system clock; therefore, you need a reliable clock source. We
recommend that you use Network Time Protocol (NTP) to synchronize the switch clock. For more
information, see the “Managing the System Time and Date” section on page 6-1.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure a time-range parameter for an ACL:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2 time-range time-range-name Assign a meaningful name (for example, workhours) to the time range to
be created, and enter time-range configuration mode. The name cannot
contain a space or quotation mark and must begin with a letter.
Step 3 absolute [start time date] Specify when the function it will be applied to is operational.
[end time date]
• You can use only one absolute statement in the time range. If you
or configure more than one absolute statement, only the one configured
periodic day-of-the-week hh:mm to last is executed.
[day-of-the-week] hh:mm
• You can enter multiple periodic statements. For example, you could
or configure different hours for weekdays and weekends.
periodic {weekdays | weekend | daily}
See the example configurations.
hh:mm to hh:mm
Step 4 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 5 show time-range Verify the time-range configuration.
Step 6 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

Repeat the steps if you have multiple items that you want in effect at different times.
To remove a configured time-range limitation, use the no time-range time-range-name global
configuration command.
This example shows how to configure time ranges for workhours and to configure January 1, 2006, as a
company holiday and to verify your configuration.
Switch(config)# time-range workhours
Switch(config-time-range)# periodic weekdays 8:00 to 12:00
Switch(config-time-range)# periodic weekdays 13:00 to 17:00
Switch(config-time-range)# exit

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Switch(config)# time-range new_year_day_2006


Switch(config-time-range)# absolute start 00:00 1 Jan 2006 end 23:59 1 Jan 2006
Switch(config-time-range)# end
Switch# show time-range
time-range entry: new_year_day_2003 (inactive)
absolute start 00:00 01 January 2006 end 23:59 01 January 2006
time-range entry: workhours (inactive)
periodic weekdays 8:00 to 12:00
periodic weekdays 13:00 to 17:00

To apply a time range, enter the time-range name in an extended ACL that can implement time ranges.
This example shows how to create and verify extended access list 188 that denies TCP traffic from any
source to any destination during the defined holiday times and permits all TCP traffic during work hours.
Switch(config)# access-list 188 deny tcp any any time-range new_year_day_2006
Switch(config)# access-list 188 permit tcp any any time-range workhours
Switch(config)# end
Switch# show access-lists
Extended IP access list 188
10 deny tcp any any time-range new_year_day_2006 (inactive)
20 permit tcp any any time-range workhours (inactive)

This example uses named ACLs to permit and deny the same traffic.
Switch(config)# ip access-list extended deny_access
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp any any time-range new_year_day_2006
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# exit
Switch(config)# ip access-list extended may_access
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp any any time-range workhours
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# end
Switch# show ip access-lists
Extended IP access list lpip_default
10 permit ip any any
Extended IP access list deny_access
10 deny tcp any any time-range new_year_day_2006 (inactive)
Extended IP access list may_access
10 permit tcp any any time-range workhours (inactive)

Including Comments in ACLs


You can use the remark keyword to include comments (remarks) about entries in any IP standard or
extended ACL. The remarks make the ACL easier for you to understand and scan. Each remark line is
limited to 100 characters.
The remark can go before or after a permit or deny statement. You should be consistent about where you
put the remark so that it is clear which remark describes which permit or deny statement. For example,
it would be confusing to have some remarks before the associated permit or deny statements and some
remarks after the associated statements.
To include a comment for IP numbered standard or extended ACLs, use the access-list access-list
number remark remark global configuration command. To remove the remark, use the no form of this
command.
In this example, the workstation that belongs to Jones is allowed access, and the workstation that belongs
to Smith is not allowed access:
Switch(config)# access-list 1 remark Permit only Jones workstation through
Switch(config)# access-list 1 permit 171.69.2.88
Switch(config)# access-list 1 remark Do not allow Smith through
Switch(config)# access-list 1 deny 171.69.3.13

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

For an entry in a named IP ACL, use the remark access-list configuration command. To remove the
remark, use the no form of this command.
In this example, the Jones subnet is not allowed to use outbound Telnet:
Switch(config)# ip access-list extended telnetting
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# remark Do not allow Jones subnet to telnet out
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp host 171.69.2.88 any eq telnet

Applying an IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line


You can use numbered ACLs to control access to one or more terminal lines. You cannot apply named
ACLs to lines. You must set identical restrictions on all the virtual terminal lines because a user can
attempt to connect to any of them.
For procedures for applying ACLs to interfaces, see the “Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface” section
on page 34-16.
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to restrict incoming and outgoing connections
between a virtual terminal line and the addresses in an ACL:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2 line [console | vty] line-number Identify a specific line to configure, and enter in-line configuration mode.
• console—Specify the console terminal line. The console port is DCE.
• vty—Specify a virtual terminal for remote console access.
The line-number is the first line number in a contiguous group that you want
to configure when the line type is specified. The range is from 0 to 16.
Step 3 access-class access-list-number Restrict incoming and outgoing connections between a particular virtual
{in | out} terminal line (into a device) and the addresses in an access list.
Step 4 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 5 show running-config Display the access list configuration.
Step 6 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

To remove an ACL from a terminal line, use the no access-class access-list-number {in | out} line
configuration command.

Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface


This section describes how to apply IPv4 ACLs to network interfaces. Note these guidelines:
• Apply an ACL only to inbound Layer 2 interfaces.
• When controlling access to an interface, you can use a named or numbered ACL.

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to control access to an interface:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2 interface interface-id Identify a specific interface for configuration, and enter interface
configuration mode.
Step 3 ip access-group {access-list-number | Control access to the specified interface.
name} {in}
Step 4 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 5 show running-config Display the access list configuration.
Step 6 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

To remove the specified access group, use the no ip access-group {access-list-number | name} {in}
interface configuration command.
This example shows how to apply access list 2 to a port to filter packets entering the port:
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 2 in

For inbound ACLs, after receiving a packet, the switch checks the packet against the ACL. If the ACL
permits the packet, the switch continues to process the packet. If the ACL rejects the packet, the switch
discards the packet.
When you apply an undefined ACL to an interface, the switch acts as if the ACL has not been applied to
the interface and permits all packets. Remember this behavior if you use undefined ACLs for network
security.

Hardware and Software Treatment of IP ACLs


ACL processing is primarily accomplished in hardware, but requires forwarding of some traffic flows to
the CPU for software processing. If the hardware reaches its capacity to store ACL configurations,
packets are sent to the CPU for forwarding. The forwarding rate for software-forwarded traffic is
substantially less than for hardware-forwarded traffic.
If ACLs cause large numbers of packets to be sent to the CPU, the switch performance can be negatively
affected.
When you enter the show ip access-lists privileged EXEC command, the match count displayed does
not account for packets that are access controlled in hardware. Use the show access-lists hardware
counters privileged EXEC command to obtain some basic hardware ACL statistics for switched packets.

IPv4 ACL Configuration Examples


This section provides examples of configuring and applying IPv4 ACLs. For detailed information about
compiling ACLs, see the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide, Release 12.2 and to the Configuring
IP Services” section in the “IP Addressing and Services” chapter of the Cisco IOS IP Configuration
Guide, Release 12.2.

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Configuring IPv4 ACLs

This example uses a standard ACL to allow a port access to a specific Internet host with the address
172.20.128.64.
Switch(config)# access-list 6 permit 172.20.128.64 0.0.0
Switch(config)# end
Switch# show access-lists
Standard IP access list 6
10 permit 172.20.128.64 wildcard bits 0.0.0.0
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 6 in

This example uses an extended ACL to deny to a port traffic coming from port 80 (HTTP). It permits all
other types of traffic.
Switch(config)# access-list 106 deny tcp any any eq 80
Switch(config)# access-list 106 permit ip any any
Switch(config)# end
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 106 in

Numbered ACLs
This ACL accepts addresses on network 36.0.0.0 subnets and denies all packets coming from 56.0.0.0
subnets. The ACL is applied to packets entering a port.
Switch(config)# access-list 2 permit 36.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
Switch(config)# access-list 2 deny 56.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 2 in

Extended ACLs
In this example, suppose that you have a network connected to the Internet, and you want any host on
the network to be able to form TCP connections to any host on the Internet. However, you do not want
IP hosts to be able to form TCP connections to hosts on your network, except to the mail (SMTP) port
of a dedicated mail host.
SMTP uses TCP port 25 on one end of the connection and a random port number on the other end. The
same port numbers are used throughout the life of the connection. Mail packets coming in from the
Internet have a destination port of 25. Because the secure system of the network always accepts mail
connections on port 25, the incoming services are controlled.
Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any 128.88.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq 23
Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any 128.88.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq 25
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 102 in

Named ACLs
This example creates an extended ACL named marketing_group. The marketing_group ACL allows any
TCP Telnet traffic to the destination address and wildcard 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255 and denies any other
TCP traffic. It permits any other IP traffic.
Switch(config)# ip access-list extended marketing_group
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp any 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq telnet
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp any any
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# permit ip any any
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# exit

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The marketing_group ACL is applied to incoming traffic on a port.


Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/2
Switch(config-if)# ip access-group marketing_group in

Time Range Applied to an IP ACL


This example denies HTTP traffic on IP on Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and
6:00 p.m (18:00). The example allows UDP traffic only on Saturday and Sunday from noon to 8:00 p.m.
(20:00).
Switch(config)# time-range no-http
Switch(config)# periodic weekdays 8:00 to 18:00
!
Switch(config)# time-range udp-yes
Switch(config)# periodic weekend 12:00 to 20:00
!
Switch(config)# ip access-list extended strict
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp any any eq www time-range no-http
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# permit udp any any time-range udp-yes
!
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# exit
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip access-group strict in

Commented IP ACL Entries


In this example of a numbered ACL, the workstation that belongs to Jones is allowed access, and the
workstation that belongs to Smith is not allowed access:
Switch(config)# access-list 1 remark Permit only Jones workstation through
Switch(config)# access-list 1 permit 171.69.2.88
Switch(config)# access-list 1 remark Do not allow Smith workstation through
Switch(config)# access-list 1 deny 171.69.3.13

In this example of a numbered ACL, the Winter and Smith workstations are not allowed to browse the
web:
Switch(config)# access-list 100 remark Do not allow Winter to browse the web
Switch(config)# access-list 100 deny host 171.69.3.85 any eq www
Switch(config)# access-list 100 remark Do not allow Smith to browse the web
Switch(config)# access-list 100 deny host 171.69.3.13 any eq www

In this example of a named ACL, the Jones subnet is not allowed access:
Switch(config)# ip access-list standard prevention
Switch(config-std-nacl)# remark Do not allow Jones subnet through
Switch(config-std-nacl)# deny 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255

In this example of a named ACL, the Jones subnet is not allowed to use outbound Telnet:
Switch(config)# ip access-list extended telnetting
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# remark Do not allow Jones subnet to telnet out
Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255 any eq telnet

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Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs

Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs


You can filter non-IPv4 traffic on a VLAN or on a Layer 2 interface by using MAC addresses and named
MAC extended ACLs. The procedure is similar to that of configuring other extended named ACLs.
For more information about the supported non-IP protocols in the mac access-list extended command,
see the command reference for this release.

Note Though visible in the command-line help strings, appletalk is not supported as a matching condition for
the deny and permit MAC access-list configuration mode commands.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create a named MAC extended ACL:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2 mac access-list extended name Define an extended MAC access list using a name.
Step 3 {deny | permit} {any | host source MAC In extended MAC access-list configuration mode, specify to
address | source MAC address mask} {any | permit or deny any source MAC address, a source MAC address
host destination MAC address | destination with a mask, or a specific host source MAC address and any
MAC address mask} [type mask | lsap lsap mask destination MAC address, destination MAC address with a mask,
| aarp | amber | dec-spanning | decnet-iv | or a specific destination MAC address.
diagnostic | dsm | etype-6000 | etype-8042 | lat (Optional) You can also enter these options:
| lavc-sca | mop-console | mop-dump | msdos |
mumps | netbios | vines-echo |vines-ip | • type mask—An arbitrary EtherType number of a packet with
xns-idp | 0-65535] [cos cos] Ethernet II or SNAP encapsulation in decimal, hexadecimal,
or octal with optional mask of don’t care bits applied to the
EtherType before testing for a match.
• lsap lsap mask—An LSAP number of a packet with
IEEE 802.2 encapsulation in decimal, hexadecimal, or octal
with optional mask of don’t care bits.
• aarp | amber | dec-spanning | decnet-iv | diagnostic | dsm |
etype-6000 | etype-8042 | lat | lavc-sca | mop-console |
mop-dump | msdos | mumps | netbios | vines-echo |vines-ip
| xns-idp—A non-IP protocol.
• cos cos—An IEEE 802.1Q cost of service number from 0 to 7
used to set priority.
Step 4 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 5 show access-lists [number | name] Show the access list configuration.
Step 6 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

Use the no mac access-list extended name global configuration command to delete the entire ACL. You
can also delete individual ACEs from named MAC extended ACLs.

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Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs

This example shows how to create and display an access list named mac1, denying only EtherType
DECnet Phase IV traffic, but permitting all other types of traffic.
Switch(config)# mac access-list extended mac1
Switch(config-ext-macl)# deny any any decnet-iv
Switch(config-ext-macl)# permit any any
Switch(config-ext-macl)# end
Switch # show access-lists
Extended MAC access list mac1
10 deny any any decnet-iv
20 permit any any

Applying a MAC ACL to a Layer 2 Interface


After you create a MAC ACL, you can apply it to a Layer 2 interface to filter non-IP traffic coming in
that interface. When you apply the MAC ACL, consider these guidelines:
• You can apply no more than one IP access list and one MAC access list to the same Layer 2 interface.
The IP access list filters only IP packets, and the MAC access list filters non-IP packets.
• A Layer 2 interface can have only one MAC access list. If you apply a MAC access list to a Layer 2
interface that has a MAC ACL configured, the new ACL replaces the previously configured one.
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to apply a MAC access list to control access to
a Layer 2 interface:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2 interface interface-id Identify a specific interface, and enter interface configuration
mode. The interface must be a physical Layer 2 interface (port
ACL).
Step 3 mac access-group {name} {in} Control access to the specified interface by using the MAC access
list.
Port ACLs are supported only in the inbound direction.
Step 4 end Return to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 5 show mac access-group [interface interface-id] Display the MAC access list applied to the interface or all Layer 2
interfaces.
Step 6 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

To remove the specified access group, use the no mac access-group {name} interface configuration
command.
This example shows how to apply MAC access list mac1 to a port to filter packets entering the port:
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/2
Router(config-if)# mac access-group mac1 in

Note The mac access-group interface configuration command is only valid when applied to a physical
Layer 2 interface.You cannot use the command on EtherChannel port channels.

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Displaying IPv4 ACL Configuration

After receiving a packet, the switch checks it against the inbound ACL. If the ACL permits it, the switch
continues to process the packet. If the ACL rejects the packet, the switch discards it. When you apply an
undefined ACL to an interface, the switch acts as if the ACL has not been applied and permits all packets.
Remember this behavior if you use undefined ACLs for network security.

Displaying IPv4 ACL Configuration


You can display the ACLs that are configured on the switch, and you can display the ACLs that have
been applied to interfaces.
When you use the ip access-group interface configuration command to apply ACLs to a Layer 2
interface, you can display the access groups on the interface. You can also display the MAC ACLs
applied to a Layer 2 interface. You can use the privileged EXEC commands as described in Table 34-2
to display this information.

Table 34-2 Commands for Displaying Access Lists and Access Groups

Command Purpose
show access-lists [number | name] Display the contents of one or all current IP and MAC address access lists
or a specific access list (numbered or named).
show ip access-lists [number | name] Display the contents of all current IP access lists or a specific IP access list
(numbered or named).
show running-config [interface interface-id] Displays the contents of the configuration file for the switch or the
specified interface, including all configured MAC and IP access lists and
which access groups are applied to an interface.
show mac access-group [interface interface-id] Displays MAC access lists applied to all Layer 2 interfaces or the specified
Layer 2 interface.

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