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    Lesson 5: Selection: Akos Ledeczi and Mike Fitzpatrick

    Uploaded by

    Kamlesh
    This document discusses selection and control flow in MATLAB using if/else statements. It explains how if statements allow executing different code blocks based on conditional logic. Logical operators like AND and OR can combine conditions. Functions can contain nested if statements and handle different numbers of inputs using nargin/nargout. Well-designed functions check arguments, provide error messages, and include comments. Persistent variables retain their value across function calls.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lesson 5: Selection: Akos Ledeczi and Mike Fitzpatrick

    Uploaded by

    Kamlesh
    19 views29 pages
    This document discusses selection and control flow in MATLAB using if/else statements. It explains how if statements allow executing different code blocks based on conditional logic. Logical operators like AND and OR can combine conditions. Functions can contain nested if statements and handle different numbers of inputs using nargin/nargout. Well-designed functions check arguments, provide error messages, and include comments. Persistent variables retain their value across function calls.

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    This document discusses selection and control flow in MATLAB using if/else statements. It explains how if statements allow executing different code blocks based on conditional logic. Logical operators like AND and OR can combine conditions. Functions can contain nested if statements and handle different numbers of inputs using nargin/nargout. Well-designed functions check arguments, provide error messages, and include comments. Persistent variables retain their value across function calls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    19 views29 pages

    Lesson 5: Selection: Akos Ledeczi and Mike Fitzpatrick

    Uploaded by

    Kamlesh
    This document discusses selection and control flow in MATLAB using if/else statements. It explains how if statements allow executing different code blocks based on conditional logic. Logical operators like AND and OR can combine conditions. Functions can contain nested if statements and handle different numbers of inputs using nargin/nargout. Well-designed functions check arguments, provide error messages, and include comments. Persistent variables retain their value across function calls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Lesson 5: Selection

    by

    Akos Ledeczi and Mike Fitzpatrick


     Sequential control
    ◦ Sequence of commands executed one after the other
     MATLAB interpreter
    ◦ Part of the MATLAB program that interprets and
    executes the various commands
    ◦ Sequential control: default
     Control construct
    ◦ A method by which the interpreter selects the next
    command to execute
    ◦ Sequential control: default
    ◦ Selection or Branching
     Most common selection construct: if-statement
     Example:
    function guess_my_number(x)
    if x == 2
    fprintf('Congrats! You guessed my number.\n');
    end
     Begins with control statement
    ◦ if keyword followed by a condition
     Ends with statement: end
     In between: statements to be executed if
    and only if condition is true
    control statement
    control
    statement

    x == 2

    block
    control statement
    control
    statement

    x == 2

    block
    control statement
    control
    statement

    x == 2

    block
     Executing a different set of statements
    based on the condition:

    function guess_my_number(x)
    if x == 2
    fprintf('Congrats! You guessed my number!\n');
    else
    fprintf('Not right, but a good guess.\n');
    end
    control statement

    x == 2

    block2

    block1
    control statement

    x == 2

    block2

    block1
    control statement

    x == 2

    block2

    block1
     if-statement:

    if conditional
    block
    end
     Produces a result that depends on
    the relation between its two operands
     It can appear outside if-statements!
     Logical values:
    ◦ Non-zero: true
    ◦ Zero: false
    ◦ MATLAB returns 1 for true
     How to combine logical values?
     Logical operators:
     not:
    ◦ flips the value of its (single) operand
     and:
    ◦ true if and only if both of its operands are true
     or:
    ◦ false if and only if both of its operands are false

    false false false true truefalse


    truetrue
     not:
    ◦ flips the value of its (single) operand
     and:
    ◦ true if and only if both of its operands are true
     or:
    ◦ false if and only if both of its operands are false
    >> help precedence

    1. transpose (.'), power (.^), complex conjugate


    transpose ('), matrix power (^)
    2. unary plus (+), unary minus (-), logical negation (~)
    3. multiplication (.*), right division (./), left
    division (.\), matrix multiplication (*), matrix right
    division (/), matrix left division (\)
    4. addition (+), subtraction (-)
    5. colon operator (:)
    6. less than (<), less than or equal to (<=),
    greater than(>), greater than or equal to (>=),
    equal to (==), not equal to (~=)
    7. element-wise logical AND (&)
    8. element-wise logical OR (|)
    9. short-circuit logical AND (&&)
    10. short-circuit logical OR (||)
     if-statements can contain other if-statements
     Consider the example with a single if-
    elseif- else statement:

    function ultimate_question(x)
    if x == 42
    fprintf('Wow! You answered the
    question.\n'); elseif x < 42
    fprintf('Too small. Try again.\n');
    else
    fprintf('Too big. Try again.\n');
    end
     Here is a version with nesting:

    function ultimate_question_nested(x)
    if x == 42
    fprintf('Wow! You answered the question.\n');
    else
    if x < 42
    fprintf('Too small. Try again.\n');
    else
    fprintf('Too big. Try again.\n');
    end
    end
     Here is another version with nesting:

    function ultimate_question_nested2(x)
    if x <= 42
    if x == 42
    fprintf('Wow! You answered the question.\n');
    else
    fprintf('Too small. Try again.\n');
    end
    else
    fprintf('Too big. Try again.\n');
    end
     Functions that behave differently based on
    ◦ Number of input or output arguments
    ◦ Type of input or output arguments
     Many built-in functions are
    polymorphic (sqrt, max, size, plot, etc.)
     How do we make our
    functions polymorphic?
     Two built-in functions:
    ◦ nargin: returns the number of actual input
    arguments that the function was called with
    ◦ nargout: returns the number of output
    arguments that the function caller requested
    function [table summa] = multable(n, m)

     The function multable returns an n-by-m


    multiplication table in the output argument table
     Optionally, it can return the sum of all elements
    in the output argument summa
     If m is not provided, it returns and n-by-n matrix
    function [table summa] = multable(n, m)

    if nargin < 2
    m = n;
    end

    table = (1:n)' * (1:m);

    if nargout == 2
    summa = sum(table(:));
    end
     A function declaration specifies:
    ◦ Name of the function,
    ◦ Number of input arguments, and
    ◦ Number of output arguments
     Function code and documentation specify:
    ◦ What the function does, and
    ◦ The type of the arguments
    ◦ What the arguments represent
     Robustness
    ◦ A function is robust if it handles erroneous input and
    output arguments, and
    ◦ Provides a meaningful error message
    function [table summa] = multable(n, m)

    if nargin < 1
    error('must have at least one input argument');
    end
    if nargin < 2
    m = n;
    elseif ~isscalar(m) || m < 1 || m ~= fix(m)
    error('m needs to be a positive integer');
    end
    if ~isscalar(n) || n < 1 || n ~= fix(n)
    error('n needs to be a positive integer');
    end

    table = (1:n)' * (1:m);

    if nargout == 2
    summa = sum(table(:));
    end
     Extra text that is not part of the code
     MATLAB disregards it

     Anything after a % is a comment until the end


    of the line
     Purpose:
    ◦ Extra information for human reader
    ◦ Explain important or complicated parts of the program
    ◦ Provide documentation of your functions
     Comments right after the function declaration
    are used by the built-in help function
    function [table summa] = multable(n, m)

    %MULTABLE multiplication table.


    % T = MULTABLE(N) returns an N-by-N matrix
    % containing the multiplication table for
    % the integers 1 through N.
    % MULTABLE(N,M) returns an N-by-M matrix.
    % Both input arguments must be positive
    % integers.
    % [T SM] = MULTABLE(...) returns the matrix
    % containing the multiplication table in T
    % and the sum of all its elements in SM.

    if nargin < 1
    error('must have at least one input argument');
    end
    …
    >> help multable
     Variables:
    ◦ Local
    ◦ Global
    ◦ Persistent
     Persistent variable:
    ◦ It’s a local variable, but its value persists from one
    call of the function to the next.
    ◦ Relatively rarely used
    ◦ None of the bad side effects of global variables.

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