Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY

STUDY NOTEBOOK
LEARNING DELIVERY MODALITIES COURSE 2

MODULE 2:
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
(MELCs)
MODULE OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this Module, you will be able to:

1. explain the background and development of the MELCs
2. unpack the MELCs
3. combine related competencies into learning objectives

MODULE CONTENT:

Lesson 1. Background, Rationale, and Development of MELCs

Lesson 2. Unpacking and Combining MELCs into Learning Objectives
LAC Session 2

LESSON 1: BACKGROUND, RATIONALE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF MELCS

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY

ACTIVITY 1.

Answer the following reflective questions in your Study Notebook:

1. The closure of schools around the world due to the global pandemic posed serious
challenges on the delivery of quality basic education. As a teacher, what do you think are
the fundamental concerns in terms of curriculum standards that need to be addressed in
order to ensure learning continuity? Cite a specific example. Do you think these concerns
could be solved by teachers alone? Why or why not?

The crisis brought about by the COVID-19 has posted a lot of challenges
for the Department of Education especially to the teachers who are standing in
the front line to provide the continuity in education. Basic Education alone
requires unbeatable commitment throughout this crisis. However, as UNESCO
reiterates its stand: “Education cannot wait. If learning stops, we will lose
human capital”. Thus, The Philippine Government, commits to sustain the
delivery of quality Education thru its framework “Sulong Edukalidad”. The
Bureau of Curriculum Development should ensures that learning standards
are relevant and flexible to address the interrelated, disruptive, volatile, and
ambiguous impact of COVID-19 in the Philippines. Hence, these are the reason
why we pursue education. In curriculum itself, We teachers, expected to
produced Filipino learners with the 21 st century skills. With the reforms in
Basic Education, the teachers are expected to Upskills and reskilled to meet
the demands of times. I believe that narrowing down the learning
competencies has become a huge factor in order to deliver the only and most
essential in this time of pandemic. However, one of the major concerns to
ensure that learning continues is the implementation process itself. Given the
shortage of resources, schools, teachers, and the community itself are finding
means to bridge the gap.

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY
2. Even prior to the spread of COVID-19 that eventually led to the closure of schools
nationwide, the congested curriculum has been a perennial problem of teachers (Andaya,
2018). This is perceived to be one of the hindering factors on the poor performance of
Filipino learners. Do you agree with this observation? Why or why not?

I may agree or not, but the purpose of the curriculum is solely to

achieve a higher standard of education and to produce competitive learners.
Learners who are 21st century skilled. But due to its congested nature,
students cannot cope up with it and more often than not, teachers find it hard
and time consuming to teach all these competencies. Some of the learning
competencies are repetitive and redundant resulting to poor performance of
the learners as well as the teachers.
It may not be the sole problems of the teachers- the improvement of
learning environment also affects performance in the teaching and learning
process

ACTIVITY 2
Familiarize yourself with the course reading on the Development and Design of the MELCs. After
going through the document, provide a brief and concise response to the following guide
questions. Write your answers in your Study Notebook.

1. What are the general and specific purposes of the development of MELCs?
The MELC is developed in respond to develop resilient education
systems most especially during emergencies. The department ensures to
focus on the most essential and indispensable competencies that our learners
must acquire. It address the instructional needs of learners while insuring the
curriculum standards are maintained and achieved.
The MELC is developed to allow students to study based on their
abilities to learn skills or competencies at their own pace. This method is
tailored to meet different learning levels that can lead to efficient learning
outcomes through alternative learning delivery modalities.

2. How does curriculum review aid in the identification of essential learning competencies?

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY
 The review focus on articulation within and across learning areas to
identify the gaps, issues and concern across learning areas and grade
levels, specifically
 Mapping of the essential and desirable learning competencies within the
curriculum;

 Identification of prerequisite knowledge and skills needed to prepare

students for essential learning competencies

 Analysis of the interconnectedness of prerequisite knowledge and skills

among the learning competencies for each subject area.

3. What is the difference between essential learning competencies and desirable learning
competencies?
Essential learning competencies are defined as what the students need,
considered indispensable, in the teaching-learning process to building skills
to equip learners for subsequent grade levels and subsequently, for lifelong
learning. On the other hand, desirable learning competencies were defined as
what may enhance education but may not necessary in building foundational
skills.
4. How were the most essential learning competencies identified? What were the decisions
made in order to trim down the number of the essential learning competencies further?

It started in identification of essential and desirable learning

competencies. Then, essential learning competencies to most essential
learning competencies. As a rule, a learning competency is retained if it
satisfies the endurance criterion which greatly contributes to life-long learning
and is a prerequisite skill to the next grade level. Two or more learning
competencies are merged or clustered if they have the same objective or
learning intention and can therefore be combined into one comprehensive
learning competency. However, learning competencies are removed/dropped
due to the following reasons:

● These are too specific (and the articulation is similar to that of a learning objective).

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY
● These are deemed appropriate to be introduced in an earlier quarter or grade level
or moved to a later quarter or grade level.
● These are recurring.
● These are subsumed in another learning competency.

The MELCs were identified according to the gaps, issues and concerns
across learning areas and grade levels. The decisions were made due to the
limited number of school days and the absence of face-to-face instructions at
this time of pandemic. Hence, narrowing down the learning competencies is
the best option the DepEd has come up with.

5. What is the importance of the MELCs in ensuring the delivery of quality instruction?
The MELCs are made aligned with the national/local standards,
applicable to real-life and are the most essential competencies that students
are expected to learn despite this pandemic. The Department of Education has
made sure that with limited resources, time, and the absence of face-to-face
instructions, learners would still get the necessary competencies the need to
acquire through these MELCs.

ACTIVITY 3
Prepare a copy of your learning area’s original K-12 Curriculum Guide and corresponding
list of MELCs. Go to the sections of the curriculum guide and MELCs that are relevant to your
instructional needs. Copy and accomplish the following table in your Study Notebook and
compare the two documents to determine which learning competencies were retained, dropped,
or merged.

K TO 12 LEARNING
MELCS
COMPETENCIES
MERGED/CLUSTERE
D Describe different objects based on their different Quarter I
(observable ) characteristic (shape, weight,
volume, ease of flow) S3MT- la-b-1 Classify objects and materials as
solid, liquid, and gas based on
Classify solids of different shapes, size, texture some observable characteristics;
and color. (S3MT-lc-d-2)

Measure accurately the size of different solids.

(S3MT-la-b-1)

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY
Describe different solids based texture, shape,
size, taste and color. (S3MT-lab-b-1)

Describe the liquids based on their observable

characteristics. Describe how liquids flows. Describe changes in materials
Describe the shape and sizes taken by the gas. based on the effect of
( S3 MT-Ia-b-1) temperature: (S3MT-Ih-j-4)
5. Solid to liquid
Classify common solid, liquid and gas found at
home ( S3-MT-Ic-d-2) 6. Liquid to solid
7. Liquid to gas
Describe ways on how to handle solids, liquids, 8. Solid to liquid
and gases properly for their safety and to
appreciate their uses of these materials in
everyday living. (S3MT-Ie-g-3)

Describe the uses of common materials found at

home and in school (S3-MT-le-g-3)

Describe changes in materials based on the

effect of temperature (SM3-MT-Ih-j-4)
1. Solid to liquid
2. Liquid to solid
3. Liquid to gas
4. Solid to liquid

Compressed these objectives 7

Classify common solid, liquid and gas found at objectives into one objectives. It is
home ( S3-MT-Ic-d-2) also rephrase.
So, It resulted to
Describe changes in materials based on the
effect of temperature (SM3-MT-Ih-j-4)
Classify objects and materials as
RETAINED 1. Solid to liquid solid, liquid, and gas based on some
2. Liquid to solid observable characteristics;
3. Liquid to gas
4. Solid to liquid

DROPPED
Describe different objects based on their different
(observable ) characteristic (shape, weight,
volume, ease of flow) S3MT- la-b-1

Classify solids of different shapes, size, texture

and color. (S3MT-lc-d-2)

Measure accurately the size of different solids.

(S3MT-la-b-1)

Describe different solids based texture, shape,

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY
size, taste and color. (S3MT-lab-b-1)

Describe the liquids based on their observable

characteristics. Describe how liquids flows.
Describe the shape and sizes taken by the gas.
( S3 MT-Ia-b-1)

Describe the uses of common materials found at

home and in school (S3-MT-le-g-3)

ACTIVITY 4
In your LAC Session, discuss and share your answers to Activities 1-3 in this lesson. Discuss any
questions about the MELCs that need clarification as well. Share your thoughts and let your co-
teachers articulate their insights regarding your questions. Jot down all the insights shared in the
discussion, including your own, in your Study Notebook.

LESSON 2: UNPACKING AND COMBINING MELCS INTO LEARNING OBJECTIVES

ACTIVITY 1
Familiarize yourself with the course reading on Unpacking and Combining the MELCs. After
reading the document, provide a brief and concise response to the following guide questions in
your Study Notebook:
1. What is the importance of unpacking and combining the MELCs?
By unpacking and combining the MELCs, we now have a clear path
forward.
In order to systematize learning activities and effectively
address the varying needs of learners and the challenges of
instructional deliveries. It is also essential to prevent redundancy that
are visible to repetition of the lesson which does not show spiral
progression.
This gives up a deeper understanding on how these MELCs are selected.
It will be much helpful for us to plan on how are we going to implement our LCP
more efficiently.

2. What considerations must be taken in unpacking and combining the MELCs? Explain each.
The Most Essential Learning Competencies should be aligned to the
content and performance standards of the all the learning areas.

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY
This ensures that prerequisite knowledge and skills that would enable
the
achievements of MELCS and eventually the content and performance
standards are address. Logical sequence of learning objectives – since the
intention of unpacking the MELCS is to provide systematic learning experiences for
learners. It is incumbent that the unpacked learning objectives follow a logical
sequence.
Should be based on the learning needs of the learners.

3. Do all the MELCs need to be unpacked or combined? Why or why not?

Of course, unpacking the MELCs are essential in order to have a
systematic learning activity so that the competencies needed by the learners
are not congested or repetitive.

ACTIVITY 2
1. Form a group of four members within your LAC, preferably with fellow teachers in your
respective learning area.
2. Using the curriculum guide and a list of the MELCs, choose MELCs in the first quarter and
unpack these into learning objectives.
3. Each team will present their unpacked learning objectives. Discussion and processing will
follow each presentation. Suggestions and insights from each group will be considered in
enhancing the learning objectives.

Repeat the above process but instead of unpacking, each team will now combine at least two
MELCs of their choice. Group deliberation will be observed in order to arrive at a consensus.
Discuss and jot down the synthesis of the presentations in your Study Notebook.

REFLECTION

Importance of MELC
1. To ensure quality education.
2. To ensure adherence to policies and guidelines set by DepEd

Outcome
Having completed this module the participants will be able to
 understand the importance of MELCs
 compare the K12 learning competencies and MELCs to determine which
learning competencies were retained, dropped, or merged

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY
 unpacked and combine MELCs into learning objectives

This module consist of

 Lesson 1 Background, Rationale and Development of MELCs
 Lesson 2 Unpacking and Combining of MELCs into Learning Objectives

References:

MELC rationale

MELC

K+12 Curriculum Guide

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
LAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
TIONGSON STREET, BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Address: Tiongson Street, Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Telephone No: (083) 552 9971, (083) 553 2767
Email: [email protected]