English Unlimited Pre Intermediate b1 Coursebook

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The document discusses various topics related to language learning including vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and real world examples.

Some of the topics discussed include household chores, habits, weather, preferences, directions, tourist information, the environment, buying things and describing objects.

Some examples of verbs discussed include have, can, give, pay, like, compare, will, might, see, go, start, talk, recommend and direct.

r%A Pre-intermediate

D I Coursebook

Alex Tilbury, Theresa Clementson,


Leslie Anne Hendra & David Rea
Course c o n s u lta n t: A d ria n D off
B1 Pre-intermediate
Coursebook with e-Portfolio
A lex T ilb jr y , Theresa C lem entson, Leslie Anne Hendra & David Rea
Course co n su lta n t: A d ria n D off

1 1 C a m b r id g e
U N IV E R S IT Y P R ES S
C- BRIDGE U N IV E R S IT Y PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape “ own, Singapore,
Säo Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo

Cambridge University Press


TTie Ed n b u r g h B u ild in g , C a m b rid g e u j / öku , U K

www.cambridge.org
Inform ation on this title : www.cambridge.org/9780521697774

€> Cambridge University Press 2010

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception


and to the provisions o f relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction o f any part may take place w ith o u t the w ritten
permission o f Cambridge University Press.

First published 2010

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record fo r this publication is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-0-52V69777-4 Pre-intermediate Coursebook w ith e-Portfolio


ISBN 978-0-521-69778-1 Pre-intermediate Self-study Pack (W orkbook and DVD-ROV
ISBN 978-0-521-69780-4 Pre-intermediate Teacher's Pack
ISBN 978-0-521-69779-8 Pre-intermediate Class Audio CDs

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility fo r th e persistence or


accuracy o f URLs fo r external or third-party internet websites referred to in
this puolication, and does not guarantee th a t any content on such websites is*
or w ill remain, accurate or appropriate. Inform ation regarding prices, travel
timetables and other factual inform ation given in this work are correct at
the tirre o f first p rinting but Cambridge University Press does not
guarantee the accuracy o f such inform ation thereafter.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank a ll the team at CUP for their ideas-, support and Jenny for p64(t). /© M ark Dyball for p67(b). /©INTERFOTO Presse bildagentur for
commitment to English Unlimited, in particular their editors Karen Momber, Greg p69(t)./©lNSADCO Photography for p70(B). /©40260.com for p70lbl). /©Image
SVbtey and Ke»\Y\ Sands. w A ttond LavAqw \qt hes vrock on \Y>e covier a «J pa^e SMAefor tfT4\fc\. fO G arj Cooktav o?9M, iQSuntey Photo Europe a.s. toe pl9Vb\.
6e&>9iY^Ytey 6 a\so\\Ve V» VcvanY Mrteft C»o\S Sot cw&Va.WftVity a'fcd
remarkably detailed feedbag; and Dave W illis. Jane WiUis. Alison Sharpe and Masterston for p84(H. /©RedCopsticks.com LLC for p84lb). /©Roussel Bernard
5ue Ullstein for tfreir ideas and inspiration in the early days of this project. for p85(tj. /©UpperCut Images for p87(tr|, /©David Young-Wolff for p87(b),
/©Guillen Photography for p95. /©Ashley Cooper for p99(b), /©croftsphoto for
Tha/>fcs are also due :o Michael Stuart Clark, Dariusz Klimkowicz. Monica
p102ltll, /©Blend Images for p106lbl), /© Elm tree Images for pi 18(1),/©Roy
Koorichh and Li M ills for particular ideas and contributions.
Lawe for p118(c|, /© H ornbil Images for p118(r)./©Image Source Black for
Alex Tilbury would like to dedicate his work on English Unlimited to Geoffrey p i 19lbl). /© Digital Vision for p120, /©irnagebroker for pU2(cheese), /©Andrew
William Tilbury. Carol Tilbury and Stawek Smolorz, with lo/e and thanks Twort for p142(cream). /©foodfolio for p14?lsalad). /© Jeffrey Blackler for
David Rea would like to thank the students, teachers, trainers and staff at pK2lsauces), /©Andre Jenny for p142lspices), /©mediablitzimages IUK) Ltd
IH Kraköw. IH Heliopolis. IH Buenos Aires, IH Paris and IH London fo r all the for pU2|vegetabl*s|. /© B & Y Photography for p142lspagnetti). /©foodfolio
support, development and fun over the years He'd also like to thank Emma for p142lbakel. /©Edd Westmacctt for p142ttMil|. /©Red Fred for p142lfry).
McLachlan: the most beautiful woman in the world. /©foodfolio for pU2(roast); Alex ?jdsden tor p50(r); Beinbecke Rare Book &
Manuscript Library. Yalei/niversity for p68(l); Bob Lestina for p45; Bopha Devi,
Leslie Anne Hendra would like to thank her four long-time students and friends
m Japan Junko Terajima. Eiko Kanai, Akiko Tsu?uki and A<iko Ohno. With much Docklands. Australia for p28ltc); ^orbis/©Dan Forer/Beateworks for p7(br|.
appreciation for all the wonderful time we spent together. /©LVYA-Dann Tardif for p8(tr[, /© Jim Craigmyle for p8(b). /©Studio Eye for p30|c!.
/©Bjoern Sigurdsoen/epa for p4*. /©Jonny le Fortune/z«fa for p46(tl|. /©image
Theresa Clementson would like to thank Anthony, Sam and Megan for U w r 100 for p47. /©The Irish Image C jllectwn for p56(tl|. /©Corbis Premium RF for
ideas, support and unwavering confidence, and Cristina Rimini Jar her help and p74(C), /©Corbis Super RF for p74(D), /© P aul Almasy for p92|ll. /© Peter Turnley
advice on alt matters TEFL over the years. for p102(lr). /©Bettm ann for p i 03(b). /©Studio Eye for p142|grill); DK Images for
The authors and publishers would like to thank the following teachers for p i42Istirl. /©Howard Shooter for p32G. /©Dave King for p142lshake); Egyptian
invaluable feedback they provided when reviewing draft material: Museum. Cairo for pp68(r), 73; Emporis GmbH for p90(tr|; Fondation Le Corbusier
Howard Smith, Merry/? Crimley IUKI; Marfa de los Angelet Velez Guzman for pp 92 [cl. cr, r); Getty lmages/©Stooe for p10(tcl). /©Altrendo Images for
[Mexicol; Jusiyna Kubica IPoland): Gilt Hamilton (SpainI; Martin Goosey (Korea); plOltr), /©Im age Bank for pl8(bc). /© G ulf Images for p21. /©Photolibrary for
Cstfienne Land ICzech Republic); Iris Grallert. Donna Lierich (Germanyl; Rachel p24|r|, /©imagewerks for p46lbll /©Timothy A Clary/AFP for p50(l), /©Harald
Connabeer (Italy); Jamelea Nader (Japanl; Amanda Gamble (Turkey); and the Sund for p6Q(b|. /© Paul Ouayle for p66(tl). /©PNC for p664tr). /© A lan Becker for
various members of the Cambridge Adult Panel. p66lbr). /©Stephen Hoeck for p7D(bcr). /© Narinder Nanu/AFP for p93, /©Aurora
The authors and publishers are also grateful to the following contributors: for p 100(1), /©Denis Poroy/AFP for p100lrj. /©Steve Smith for p115. /©Mike
Design and page make-up: Stephanie White at Kamae Design Powell lor p114|t); istockphoto/C Arkady Chubykin for p52(br), /©Mummu Media
Picture research: Hilary Luckcock for p74(E). Dr Nandita Iyer for pi 16; PA Photos/AP Photo/Dane Bondareff for
Photography: Gareth Boden p36(l). Panos/©Tim A Hetheringlon for p64(bl, P/iotolibrary/©OJO Images Ltd
Audio recordings: John Green at Audio Workshop and id-Audio. London for p18(trJ,/©Han$-Peter Merten forp28ftl|./©PhotoDisc for p31(tl. /©Robert
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the authentic recording sessions, especially:
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Annie GentiL Alba Higgins, David Warwick, Susanne Neuber. SiewWan Chai. Xi Yen p106lbr). /© fancy for pi09. /©Attantide SNC for pi 11 (tl. /©Brand X for p126|t).
Tan. Paula Porroni. Natalie Krol. Leonardo Solano, Megan Rv*>rs-Moore. Manuel /©PhotoDisc lor p126lbl; Picture* Colour Library/©David Tomlinson for p40ll);
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W t>i th anks to the'WD'MATJelaide fo u n d a tio n and w rite r David Sly to r the extract
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lor p70)A), /©grzym for p70lC). /©Tootles for p?D\Cl. /©SerQe>*7itov tor p^ölül,
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'©Robert Read for p52Itc). /©Richard Naude for p56(trX/©fiupert Horrox/ Illustrations by Derek Bacon. Ka.hy Baxendale. Tom Croft. Mark Duffin. Kamae
5ytvia Cordaiy Photos Ltd for p 7 l. /©Pictures Cofour Library for p63, /©Andre Design, Julian Mosedale. Mark Preston. Nigel Sanderson. Sean Simms.
Goals Language Skills Explore

V o ca b u lary L is te n in g
Me and my lile Your life p7 Kate talks about her life p7
© introduce and ta lk about Needs, wants and Learning a language p8
yourself reasons p8
S p ea kin g
@ ta lk about needs, w ants
pages Talk about your life p7
and reasons
7-9 Give reasons p9

V o ca b u lary L is te n in g Keyword so
Play Talking about m usic p10 Music in Trinidad and Tobago p10
© ta lk about music Li talks about m otorbikes p14 A cro ss cultures
Deciding w hat to do p11
pages ® ta lk about w hat to do in Sports and exercise p13 C ulture shock
10-17 R ea d in g
your free tim e Talking about interests p i 4 W riting
Interview w ith Ruben Gonzalez
© ta lk about past events and
G ra m m a r P12 © w rite messages of request
present activities
Present simple, past and inform ation to different
© ta lk about spo rt and R e a d in g and lis te n in g
sim ple, present people
exercise WOMADelaide p i 1
© ta lk about your interests progressive p12
and how they started S p e a k in g
P ro n u n cia tio n
Music and you p1Q
Word stress p i3
Target activity Choose an event to attend p i 1
Look again O
Talk about an intorost M ichelle Sung Wie, Vincent
S pelling and sounds
Mantsoe p i 2
Sports and exercise p13 or, w or-

V o ca b u lary L isten in g Keyword for


Work and studies Studying p i 8 Lifelong learning p18
© ta lk about personal Interview at a job agency p22
independent learning
W orking conditions p21
pages experience Presenting yourself p22 N oticing and recording
1 8 -2 5 R ead in g collocations
© ta lk about you r studies
G ra m m a r The W orkplace > chat p20
© ta lk about your work
Present perfect 1 ' f o r Speaking
© Join a job agency S p e a k in g
experience p19 © ask people to repeat, spell
Past and present studies p19
Target activity Present perfect 2 - w ith for things and slow do w n
Educational experiences p19
Have an in te rv ie w and since p21 © show you understand
The w ork quiz p20
© take a phone message
P ro n u n cia tio n W orking conditions p21
Sentence stress p19 Life experiences p21 Look again O
S pelling and sounds
Wordc w ith or, or, -or. -o u r

V o ca b u lary L is te n in g Keyword with


How's your food? Giving opinions p26 Planning a barbecue p30
© give opinions A c r o s s cultures
Food and meals p27
pages R e a d in g Mealtimes
© ta lk about food and eating Ordering a meal p29
26-33 In defence of superm arkets p27
© order a m eal in a Making suggestions p30 W riting
restaurant R e a d in g and lis te n in g
G ra m m a r © give and understand w ritten
© make suggestions Eating out p28
Nouns w ith prepositional instructions
Target acUvtty phrases p2? S p e a k in g
Plan a meat W here you buy food p26
P ro n u n c ia tio n Look again o
Food and food shopping p27
Schwa h ! sound p29 S pelling and sounds
Order a m eal p29
Describe a recent m eal p29 oi, oy

V o ca b u lary L is te n in g Keyword back


Encounters Taxis p34 Iw o journeys by taxi p'Jb
© use a taxi Getting a taxi p35 M em orable m eetings p38 Independent learning
pages © describe past events Linking a stor^ p37 English outside the classroom
34-41 R ead in g
© te ll a story S tarting a story p38
Hack: a taxi driver's blog p36 Speaking
@ te ll a travel anecdote
G ra m m a r © show interest in a
S p e a k in g
Target activity Past progressive p37 conversation
Taxis p34
T e ll s to rie s about © develop a conversation by
P ro n u n cia tio n Get a taxi p35
m em orable Tell a story: the te n -d o lla r b ill asking questions and giving
Sentence stress and
m eetings p37 longer answers
schwa h i p35
Look again O
Spelling and sounds gh
Goals Language Skills Explore

V ocabu lary L is te n in g Keyword ,t


Monev Money p42 M a bureau de change p42
© change money Paying fo r things p43 Thiago in Scotland p43 A cro ss cultures
pages ö understand instructions on Money
Giving odvicc p46 Advice for visitors
42-4<J a cash machine
G ra m m a r R ead in g W riting
® pay fo r things in different
places have to. can d45 Cash machine p42 © w rite at\ em ail o r lette r
© ta lk about rules and A new kind of banking? p44 giving advice to a visito r
P ro n u n cia tio n
obligations B orrow er success stories p££.
Linking consonants and
® give advice p i 24
vowels 1 p43
S p e a k in g
Target activity
Change money p42
Give advice to a v is ito r
Buy things p43
Grameen Bank p44 Look again G
Success stories p45 Spelling and sounds
Laws in your country p45 -don. -ssion, -cian

V ocabu lary L is te n in g
Energy Household chores p50 W eather: Moscow, Kolkata p52
Keyword do

© ta lk about present habits Talking about habits p51 Fitness centre survey p54 Independent learning
pages ® talk ahnut w eather Reading th e phonemic script
W eather p52
50-57 © make comparisons R ead in g
Expressing preferences p54
© express preferences The tre a d m ill. The cycle w asher Speaking
G ra m m a r p5D. p124 © speak m ore politely by
Target activity Comparing things p53 being less direct
S p ea kin g
Do a survey
P ro n u n cia tio n Who does the chores? p50 Look again O
Words w ith -er and -est p53 Your habits p51 Spelling and sounds
Comparing regions p53 •able and -ible

Vocabulary L is te n in g
City life The environment p59 How can I get there? p61
Keyword wiu

© make guesses and Giving directions p6J What should I see? p62 A c r o s s cultures
pages predictions Getting tourist inform ation Tourism
58-65 © make recommendations R ead ing
p62
© give directions TUe urban w orld in 2050 p58 W riting
© get inform ation in a tou rist G ra m m a r Am sterdam Travel Guide p60 © w rite a description of a
office will, might, n a y p59 place
S p e a k in g
Real conditionals p60
The environm ent p5?
Target activity
P ro n u n cia tio n Life in 2050 p59 Look agwii O
Get to u ris t in fo rm a tio n
Linking consonants and Recom mendations p60 Spelling and sounds
vowels 2 p61 Give directions p61 ui. uy

V ocabulary L isten in g Keyword by


Things Buying things p66 At Portobello M arket p66
© ask about and buy things Describing objects p69 Favourite possessions p70 independent learning
pages © describe objects Talking about a possession Ways of reading
66-73 © talk about possessions R ead in g
p70
Mysteries.com p68 Speaking
Target activity G ram m ar © explain w ords you don’t
S p ea kin g
Talk about a fa v o u rite some, any p67 know
At a m arket s ta ll p67
possession Passives p69
Classroom objects p69 Look again O
P ro n u n cia tio n M ysterious objects p69 Spelling and sounds
Contrastive stress p67 ow

Vocabu lary L isten in g


Feelings yawn, la u g h ... p74 Just good friends p76
Keyword just

© say how you feel Extreme adjectives p75 Two friends catch up p78 A cro ss cultures
pages © give and respond to Gestures
Reacting to news, thanking.
74-81 different kinds of news R ea d in g
apologisirg p76
© thank people and apologise Why do people laugh? yawn? Writing
Asking fo r news p78
© ask ta r news cry? p74, p 125. p130 © w rite an em ail o r note of
G ra m m a r apology
S p ea kin g
Target activity Present perfect 3 - giving
How did you feel? p75
Catch up w ith frie n d s news p77
Role play: Jean Paul and
P ro nu nciation Rachel p??
Intonation - speaking vritt W hat's happened? p77 S p e d y > ’ sounds
em otion p77 -ge. -dge, -age
Goals Language Skills Explore

V ocabu lary L is te n in g
Gening organised Hotel facilities p82 A room in Kuala Lum pur p83
Keyword make

© book a room and check Slaying in a hotel p83 Leonardo and Min's plans p85 Independent learning
pages intn a hotel Arranging to meet up p86 A change of plan p86 Im prove your listening
82-89 © talk about plans and
G ra m m a r R ead in g Speaking
arrangem ents
® make and change Future plans and Remember me? p84 © use questions to preface
arrangem ents arrangem ents p85 invitations and requests
S p ea kin g
P ro n u n cia tio n Book a room, check in p83 Look again G
Target activity
Intonation in questions p85 Plans and arrangem ents p85 Spelling and sounds
A rrange to m eet up
au. aw

V ocabu lary L isten in g Keyword there


Spaces D escribing homes p90 Moving home p91
© talk about homes and Talk about pros and cons Eva's problem p94 A c r o s s cultures
pages housing Neighbours
p93
90-97 © describe imaginary R ead ing
Solving problems p94
A rchitect of the future? p92 W riting
situations
© discuss pros and cons G ra m m a r © w rite a le tte r o r em ail of
S p ea kin g
© talk about ways to solve w ould p91 com plaint
Describe your home p91
problems P ro n u n cia tio n Your ideal home p9i Look again G
Groups of words 1 p93 Le Corbusier s ideas p93
Target activity Spelling and sounds
Your area: pros and cons p93
Talk about a problem ck. k. ch. qu

V ocabu lary L isten in g Keyword to


People and places Location p98 Akcbono, sumo w re stle r p i 00
© say where places are Describing a country p99 Lech Wat^sa, Krakdw p102 Independent learning
pages © describe countries Guessing w hat w ords mean
Life and ach evements p100
98-105 © talk about people s lives R ead in g
Expressions with know p 102
The Vatican City, Tuvalu p99, Speaking
and achievements
G ra m m a r p i 27 © use vague language
Target activity Infinitives and gerunds pl01
S p ea kin g
Talk about people and Describe where places are p98
P ro n u n cia tio n
places in your country Three sm a ll countries p99 Look again G
Stress in verbs p101
Talk about your life p i 00 Spelling and sounds
Hopes and plans p101 - ent. -ant

V ocabu lary L is te n in g Keyword time


Now and then How I feel about gadgets Electronic gadgets p i 06
© talk about electronic p106 Christine's phone calls p107 A cro ss cultures
pages gadgets you use Time
Telephone expressions p107
106-113 © use the phone in different R ead in g
Comparing past and
childhoodbeliefs.com p i 08 W riting
situations present pi 10
© talk about past habits and Living your life online p i 10 © w rite about a m em ory
states G ra m m a r
S p ea kin g
used to, would p109
Gadgets you use p 106
Target activity Look again G
P ro n u n cia tio n Role play: phone calls p107
Talk about technology and Spelling and sounds
Groups of wards 2 p107 Childhood m em ories p i 09
change ei, ey

V ocabu lary L is te n in g Keyword would


A matter of opinion Expressing opinions p i 15 Argum ent about boxing p114
© express and respond to Responding to opinions Independent learning
pages opinions R ead in g Im prove your speaking
p155
114-121 © have a discussion Ways to reduce your kitchen s
G ra m m a r carbon foo tprin t p i 16 Speaking
© discuss im aginary
situations Real and unreal A new a irp ort p118 © use expressions to soften
© take part in a m eeting conditionals p117 opinions and disagreements
S p ea kin g
P ro n u n cia tio n Give opinions p115
Target activity
Groups of words 3 p i 17 Agree and disagree p115 Look again G
Have a debate
Nandita’s blog p i 16 Spelling and sounds
Our carbon footprint p117 -le, -el, -a l. -u l

flctivifles pages 122-131, Grammar reference and practice pages 132-1/2. Scripts pages 143-158
How to use this coursebook
Every unit of th is book is divided into sections,
w ith clear, practical goats for learning.

Th«? f i r s t f o u r p a g e s o f t h o u n i t h o l p y o u b u i l d y o u r
language s k ills and knowledge. These pages include
—— ; 5 speaking, listening, reading, w ritin g , gram m ar,
vocabulary and pronunciation activities. They are
m m m 31 followed by a Target a c tiv ity w hich w ill help you put

^ ifS S g fS . Si n to gether w hat you have learned.

IB? Ü m
lE JE z: . T - 7-'.’.-__
r •?-r -~
__
«fids* ---
The E xplore section of the unit begins w ith a Keyword,
w hich looks at one of the most comm on and useful
w ords in English, it also inc.udes either an Across
c u ltu re s o r an Independent le a rn in g section, and
then an E xplore speaking or E xplore w ritin g task.
The Explore section gives you extra language and
s k ills w ork, a ll aim ing to help you become a better
com m unicator in English and a more effective learner.

The Look again section takes another look at the target language fo r the unit,

W helping you to review and extend your learning.


S om etim es you w ill also find th is recycling sym bol w ith the goals, to show when
a p a rtic u la r goal is not new but is recycling language that you have m et before.

This sym bol shows you when you :an hear and practise the
Q correct pronunciation of key language, using the audio DVD-ROM.

The e -P o rtfo lio DVD-ROM co n ta irs useful reference m a te ria l fo r

M a ll the units, as w e ll as self-assessm ent to help you te st your own


learning, and Wordcards to help you te st your vocabulary learning.

You can do more p-actice by


English m. yourself using the S e lf-s tu d y Pack,
Unlimited which includes a workbook and
interactive DVD-ROM.

The DVD-ROM contains


video and over 300
interactive activities.

6
Intro goals
- introduce and ta.k about yourself
5 ta lk about needs, w ants and reasons

Me and my life
I’m from Ottawa
1 Introduce yourself to yo u r group Hi, my nam e’s Kate Mori.
I’m from Ottawa in Canada

the Ridetu Carat. Ottdm

LISTENING 2 a Look at th e pictures fro m K ate’s life. W hat can you guess about her:
1 fam ily? 2 w ork? 3 free time?

b * CD Listen to check yo u r ideas.

VOCABULARY Com plete Kate's se n te n ce s.»D Listen again to check.


Your life 1 I live w ith my husband, Masao. 5 I s p e a k ... 8 I l/k e .
2 We h a v e ... 6 I’m studying ... 9 I play
3 I’m a ... 7 I’m interested in ... 10 I go ...

Add m ore w ords to each group.

fa m ily m em bers jobs languages study subjects sp o rts and hobbies

husband teacher English a rt history tennis

SPEAKING 5 a Think of five th irg s to te ll oth e r students about yourself,

Ela’s from Poland. b Talk to each other in groups.


She speaks Polish,
6 How m uch can you re m e m b e r about the people in your group?
English and Spanish.
V --------------------
I really want to ...
K ate fro m Canada

Sun-Hi fro m S outh Korea

Kate, Kemal and Sun-Hi are aU


learning languages.

LISTENING a %O Can you remember w hat language Kate \s learning?


Why do you th in k she's learning it? Listen to check.

b * CO Listen again. Does Kate learn at home o r go to a class? Why?

a * S D Now .isten to Kem al and Sun-Hi.


1 What languages are they learning?
2 Who's learning fo r w ork? Who's learning fo r fun?

b » r o Listen again. W hat exactly does each person want to do in th e language?

Read the scrip ts on p143 to check yo u r answ ers in 1 and 2.

VOCABULARY Who says these th in g s: Kate, Kem al o r Sun-Hi?


Needs, w ants 1 I need English fo r my w ork. Sun-Hi
and reasons 2 I som etim es need English fo r my studies.
3 I d o n 't need English fo r travel.
L I need to practise m y w ritin g .
5 One day I w ant to watch Spanish film s.
6 I re a lly want to ta lk w ith my husband's family.
7 I'd lik e to have a real conversation w ith (hem.
8 I'd really lik e to go io Spain.
Com plete these sentences w ith because o r so.

1 I’m learning Japanese because I w ant to ta lk w ith my lu sb a nd 's family.


2 I didn’t w ant to stop s tu d y in g , I started going to classes.
3 I’m learning S panish I like it.
4 I have a job with an inte rn a tio n a l com pany. I need English for my w ork.

a Why are you le a n in g English? Think about why you need it and w hat you’d like to do.

b Talk together. Which reasons are the m ost com m on and the m ost interesting?

I need English for w ork I'd like to w atch Am ercan film s,


because I travel a lot. so I need to improve my listening.
^

SPEAKING a Read 1-8. W rite questions.

Do you want to move to another city or town?

Find someone who:


1 w ants to mcve to another city o r town.
2 w ould like to change Jobs.
3 always needs a coffee firs t thing in the m orning.
4 likes modern art.
5 w ants to run in a m arathon.
6 w ould like to have more free tim e.
7 is interested in m otorbikes.
8 goes to night school.

b Make tw o more questions fo r th e people in yo u r class.

8 a Talk to d iffe re n t people. Ask cach o th e r questions and use because o r so to


give reasons.

Do you w ant to move


to another city?
No. I w ant to stay here.

[w h y ?
Because m ost of my fam ily
and friends are here.

b In pairs, te ll each o th e r w h a t you learned about the people in yo u r class.

S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
Can you do these th in g s in English?(Circle)a n u m be r
on each lin e . 1 = I can’t do this, 5 = I can do th is w e ll.

introduce and ta lk about yourself


v ta lk about needs, wants and reasons
1.1 goals
9 ta lk about music
© ta lk about w hat to do in your free tim e

Play
Local music
LISTENING 1 Talk together.

1 Do you listen to m usic a lot?


2 What types of m usic do you like?
3 Caa you play any instrum ents?

N a ta lie ta lk s a b o u t
m u s ic in T rin id a d a n d
Tob&20. w h e re sh e
g re w up.

2 *d Listen to N atalie and answ er the questions.

1 Do people in Trinidad and Tobago only listen to local music, o r music from
around the w orld?
2 Which instrum ents in the pictures does Natalie ta lk about?

3 a W hich in stru m e n t does N atalie play now? Which doesn’t she play? Why?
Listen again to check.

VOCABULARY 4 a N atalie m entions these types of m usic. Can you th in k ol any more?
Talking about Cuban music, reggae, classical, calypso, salsa, rum ba ..
music
b W hat types of music are pop u la r w here you live?

5 Match 1-7 w ith a -g and com plete the sentences from Natalie's interview .

1 I learned h o w to play the steel drum when a calypso.


2 I w ould love to be able to b play classical piano.
3 I was brought up to c Cuban music.
U Nowadays I play more d I was a little g irl.
5 We have our own in s tru m e n t called e Latin America,
6 We have a local m usic called f play it again,
7 Calypso is s im ila r to m usic from g the steel drum .

W rite fo u r o r five sentences about some of these things. Use the highlighted
expressions from 5.
• m usic in your country • a special in stru m e n t in your country
• a type of music you like • m usic in your childhood
• m usic in your life now • som ething you'd like to learn
SPEAKING Talk to each other about music
I learned how to play the guitar
in yo u r country and in yo u r life.
when I was a teenager.
Ask questions to Im d out m ore. f Were you in a band^ j

10
Music around the world
READING AND Read the online program m e fo r WOMADelaide on Sunday Do you know any of the
LISTENING p e rfo rm e rs? Wh ch w ould you m ost like to see?
CD

^ www.womadelaide.com

es
Cesaria Evora - Cape Verde Cesaria The B e a u tifu l Girls - A u stra lia Singer-
Evora's beautiful songs are sung In songwrlter-gulta'lst Mat McHugh
Creole Portuguese and originate from started The Beautiful Girls in 2002,
traditional Portuguese and Brazilian but the band has changed a lot since
music. then. Their music takes in hip-hop and
reggae, soul and pop.
Toum ani Diabate's S ym m etric Orchestra
- M ali More than any other kora player, Terem Q u a rte t - Russia Putting new
Toumani Diabate has brought the life into Russian folk music, the Terem
A t WOMADelaide, you unique 21-string West African harp to Quartet's performances are full of
can e njoy th e magical people around the world. fun and
sounds o f th e p lanet in incredible
the sunshine w ith frie n d s M ista Savona - A u stralia This 13-piece
musical
and fa m ily . (Kids under group - including some of Jamaica's
energy.
12 are fre e .) Come fo r a best singers together with leading
night, a day, o r fo r the Australian musicians - brings a huge
whole three days. and exciting reggae sound to the stage.

W ■I STAGES

2 * C O Listen to two frie n d s at w o rk, Cameron and John, ta lkin g about the
program m e. Which p e rfo rm e rs do they ta lk about? Which do they both
w ant to see?

VOCABULARY 3 a Complete the sentences fro m th e conversation w ith w ords fro m the box.
Deciding what
see have a look good idea get into
to do

1 john Do you w a n t to go ? 4 j W hat do you th in k about this? The Terem Quartet?


CAMERON Sure, if we can get tickets for a day oi a night. c The folk? Yeah, that sounds .
2 j Why d o n ’t w e ______ online? 5 j Do you w a n t me to _ _ if there are any tickets?
c OK, hang on a minute. c Good .
3 j Mista Savona looks interesting, 6 j Maybe w e c o u ld a group together.
c Hm. I’m not really reggaa c Yeah, it would be a good laugh.

b ♦ CO Listen aga n to check. O

i* W ork in pairs. Take tu rn s to say the firs t lines in 1-6 and rem em ber th e responses.

SPEAKING 5 a W ork alone and choose:


1 tw o perform ers from the program m e that look interesting.
2 tw o perform ers you don't w ant to see.

b In groups, decide:

1 one p e rform er you'd a lt like to go to.


2 who w ill book the tickets.
3 w here to meet.

6 Tell the class w hat you decided. W hich are the m ost popular p e rfo rm e rs in the
class? Which are the least popular?

11
1 .2 goals
An unusual athlete ta lk about past events and present activities
j ta lk about sport and excrcise

READING Read the introduction to an interview .


W hat's unusual about Ruben?

An interview w ith
Ruben G onzalez
A t school, A rg e n tin a ’s R uben G onzalez
w as n o t a n a tu ra l a th le te . H ow ever, a t th e
age o f 21, he s ta rte d d o in g th e O ly m p ic
sp o rt o f luge an d , fo u r years la te r, he
represented A rg e n tin a a t th e C algary
W in te r O lym p ics. H o w d id he d o it? Ruben today Ruben at the 2002 W inter Olympics

Read the in te rvie w w ith Ruben on p13 and answ er the questions.
1 Why did Ruben decide to become an Olympic athlete?
2 Why did he choose the luge?
3 How many W inter Olympics was he in?
L W hat's his job now?
3 Read the interview again. Why is luge a d ifficu lt sport? Find three reasons.

4 W hat do you th in k about Ruben? W hat do you th in k a b o u tw h a t he's done?

GRAMMAR 5 Com plete 1-3 in the table w ith the co rre ct tim e expression fro m the box.
Present simple,
past sim ple, at the m om ent som etim es in 1988
present
progressive Now com plete 4 -9 w ith are, do, d id n 't, don’t, 'm not, did.

present sim ple past sim ple present progressive

o I s till practise on the luge 1w e rt to the Olympics I’m making a film 3_____ .
1som etim es. 2

0 how often 4_____ you practise? W h e n 5_____ you go to the W h a t6_____ you doing at the
Olympics? m om ent0
.
c 17 practise at weekends. I8 go in 1998. I9 . doing anything.

7 a Com plete the questions w ith the correct fo rm of the verb in [brackets).
1 W hat sp o rl _d[d_ Ruben play, at school? (play)
2 W hy he the luge? (choose)
3 W hen luge athletes u s u a lly ______ training? (start)
U How fa s t a luge ? (go)
5 How o fte n he _? (practise)
6 What he these days? (do)

G ra m m a r r e fe re n c e b W rite tw o m ore questions to ask a p a rtn e r about Ruben.


and p ra c tic e , p 1 3 2
C How m uch can you rem em ber? A sk and answ er a ll th e questions.

8 a Look at the photos. W hat can you guess about th e people?


b W ork in A /B pairs. A, read about M ichelle on :
B. read about Vincent on p128. Follow the in s tn

c Tell each o th e r about M ichelle and ■ c r


In te rv ie w e r So, Ruben, how d id you get into Olympics in Calgary in 1988 and in A lb e rtville
the luge? in 1992. Then, nearly ten years later, m y old
Ruben Well, at school, I couldn’t ju m p high or coach phoned me up and said “Argentina
ru n fast. I played football bu t I wasn’t very needs you!” So at age 3 9 ,1 competed in the
good. It was really sad! But w hen I was ten, 2002 Salt Lake C ity W in te r Olympics.
I saw the Olympics on T V fo r the firs t time In te rv ie w e r W hat’s it like to luge dow n a
and I loved it. And later, when I was 2 1 ,1 saw m ountain at 90 miles an hour?
Scott H a m ilto n w in an O lym pic medal in Ruben Well, at that speed, you don’t have tim e to
figure skating. Scott’s about 155 cm ta ll and think. The luge is very sensitive. I f you hiccup,
weighs about 50 kilos, and he gave me hope. I you can crash. And when you finish, you have
thought: i f th a t little guy can do it, I can do it to sit up and stop the luge by putting your feet
too. So I decided to be an Olym pic champion on the ice. It takes a couple o f hundred metres
- but I had to fin d a sport. I t ’s true, I’m not a to stop because you finish the run at about
great athlete, b u t I never give up. I tr y again 80 miles an hour. I s till practise on the luge
and again. So I chose the luge because people sometimes and I’m frightened on every run.
get h u rt a lo t, people often break bones - In te rv ie w e r And w h a t do you do these days?
ninety percent o f them give up. And I thought, Ruben I’m a m otivational speaker. I ta lk about
w e ll, I don’t give up, so I have a chance. m y experiences and how to be successful. I’m
In te rv ie w e r M ost Olym pic luge athletes star: m aking a film about success at the m om ent.
tra in in g at 12. You started at 21, b u t you’ve We’re in te rvie w in g a lo t o f business people,
competed in three Olympics. philosophers, athletes, Hollywood people. It’s
Ruben Yes, I started in 1 9 8 4 .1w e n t to the W inter very interesting.

Physical activities

VOCABULARY 1 a Match th e activities w ith th e pictures A -l.


Sports and
aerobics hockey karate running skiing
exsreise
sw im m ing tennis volleyball yoga

b Match th e activities w ith th e verbs 1-3.


1 I play hockey 2 I do ... 3 I go ...

C Can you th in k of more activitie s fo r verbs 1-3?

PRONUNCIATION a How m any syllables are th e re in the w ords in 1a?


Word stress W here's the stress? Put th e w ords in groups.

O o1 Ooc 7 oO o3

hockey

b *V) Listen to check. O

SPEAKING In groups, ask and answ er the questions. Find out more.

1 What activities do you do?


When I was at college.
2 What do you watch?
I did aercbics.
3 What did you do when you were younger?
Did you like it?
^ 13
Target activity
Talk about m interest ta lk about past events and present activities
:■ ta lk about your interests and how they started

TASK LISTENING Which of these things are you interested in? Why? Talk together.

fashion books m otorbikes cars sports com puters cooking travel


art history music photography science cinema politics

» S O Listen to Li ta lk in g about her in te re s t in m otorbikes. W here does she like


rid in g h e r m otorbike?

3 a Can you rem em ber w hat Li says about:


1 when she was a child and a teenager?
2 why she decided to sta rt riding a m otorbike?
3 her m otorbike lessons?
A w hat she likes about being on a m otorbike?

b i d Listen again to check.

TASK Make six sentences fro m th e in te rvie w w ith Li. W hich are about the past? Which
VOCABULARY are about now?
Talking about 1 It sta rte d when — a learn som ething nev
interests 2 1re a lly got into b going fast.
3 1re a lly wanted to c 1was a kid.
4 The great thing about it is, d m otorbikes ‘ e A»as a teenager.
5 I’m not interested in e it doesn ; ta*e »? *■ = to learn.
6 For me, f speed - -. -

TASK 5 a Choose som eth ng you're really interested in. Th - * s ■ese questions.

1 When and how did your interest sta rt?


2 How did you feel about it when you s ta rte :
I really got into 3 How do you feel about it now? Why do •"'« - -
cooking when I 4 How much time does it take? When
was a teenager b Tell each o th e r about yo u r in te re sts - - ’ o re .

Would you like to try any of the ;s


EXPLORE
Keyword so
1 We use so before a re su lt, like this:

| My f i r R t b o y f r i e n d h a d a r e u l l y n ic e b ik e , s o w e w ent. r t d \ n g in f.h e c o n n t r y n i d * ft l n r . m at i

Add so to th e co rre ct place in each sentence.


so
1 I thought, w e ll, I don't give up A I have a chance, uniti
2 A steel d ru m 's about a m etre high I cou.dn’t realty travel w ith it. unit i
3 I have a job w ith a large inte rn a tio n a l ccmpany I need English fo r my w ork, intro um\
4 Masao’s interested in a rt too we usually go to galleries together, intro unit

a What im p o rta n t decisions have you m ade in the la s t five years? W rite three sentences w ith so.

/ wanted a b e tte r job, so I started studying at the local college.


What did you study?
b Listen to each o th e r s sentences. Ask ques:ions to fin d out more.

Make fo u r conversations and then practise in pairs. Take tu rn s to say 1 -4 and re m e n b e r a-d .
1 Do you need to w o rk late t oni ght ?— a Yes, I th in k so, but Casablanca’s much bigger.
2 Do you th in k it 'll rain tom orrow ? — ü I'm really lired üul yes, I suppose so / I guess so.
3 What's the capital of Morocco? Is it Rabat? c I hope so. This w eather's too hot fo r me.
4 Do you th in k the bank's open now? d No, I d o n 't th in k so. They usually close at four.

a W rite three questions fo r a p a rtn e r about these topics. ( Do you th in k chocolate is good fo r you?
Use: Do you th in k ... ? —
I hope so. I eat lots of it!
• food and d rin k • sport • m usic • the w eather • free tim e

b Ask and answ er the questions. Try to use the expressions in 3.

Across cultures
Wnat do you th in k happens w hen people move to a new country or cu ltu re ? Make three sentences.

1 At firs t a life is d iffic u lt and you miss your home.


2 A fte r a few days or weeks b you sta rt living norm ally.
3 A fte r a w h ile c you th in k everything is great.

Read the a rtic le to check. Do you agree w ith the ideas?

ßte Ed*, we* Fayories Tods fccp


Afjfkm www.articles/cultureshock v ^G c uts ”

Article | Discussion | ^
........ '
C u lt u r e S h o c k

When people move to a foreign country, they often get culture shock. This has three different stages, though not
everyone is in the new culture long enough to go through all three.
• S tage 1 A t first, people often feel that tr e differences between th e old and new culture are interesting and
exciting. They m ay fall in love w ith the nsw foods, the lifestyle, people’s habits, the buikJInps, and so on.
■ Stage 2 A fter a fe w days, w eeks or m o rths, many people start to have problem s. They may thin k a lot about their
old c u ltu re and find it difficult to com m unicate w ith people. They m iss th e foo d from their own country, they feel
that the lifestyte is too fast or to o slow, they get angry at people’s habits, and so on.
■ S tage 3 After a while, the new culture starts to feel ‘ norm al’ and not ‘ new ’. People understand tha t it has good
and bad things to offer. They start thinking about day-to-day living, as they did in the ir original culture.

Think about th e questions. Then ta lk together, using th e h ighlighted expressions in the a rtic le to help you.
1 Have you (or people you know) ever had culture shock? What happened?
2 What things do people usually like when they come to yo u r country? What th in g s can be d iffic u lt fo r them ?
3 Have you ever gone to live, w o rk o r study in a new place? Would you like to?
4 What things were new fo r you? How did you feel about them? Did you get used to them ?
EXPLOR Writing Goal
1 Look at the photo. W hat's w rong w ith Cameron? w rite m essages of request and invrtatie*i to
d iffere n t peon.e
How do you th in k he feels?

2 a Read th e em ails.
1 W h a t w i l l C a m e r o n d o f o r t h e n e x t fe w d a y s ?
Why?
2 What are the names of: his friends? his client?
3 What does he arrange to do next week?
b W hich em ails are more fo rm a l? W hich are less
form a l?

3 a W hat expressions do Cameron, Marc and Pam use


to begin and end th e ir em ails? Make two lists.
Beginning (x4): Dear M a rc ....
Ending (x5): Regards. Cameron Clarke ...

b Which expressions fro m 3a w ould you use when


w ritin g to these people? Compare your ideas.
• someone in your fa m ily • a friend
• your manager • a client
Dear Marc,
• someone you d o n 't know I'm very sorry but I have to cancel our

4 a Cover the em ails. Can you com plete the appointm ent .o r today. I'm ™ t " e" ; * OU“ ¥° U
mind changing our appointm ent to Monday
sentences w ith these expressions?
Tuesday next week? Any time is fine.

drop by changing our appointm ent Regards,


Cameron Clarke
give me a call take a few days off
If so over lunch ■ H a
Requests H e llo C am eron,
1 Would you m in d to Monday or Tuesday
I m s o rry to h e a r y o u ’re n o t fe e lin g w e ll. Tuesday
next week? Any tim e is fine. n e x t w e e k is fin e w ith me. W ould y o u like to jo in
2 When you see John, could you te ll him to m e a t C hez M ichel a t one o ’clock? We c o u ld ta lk
? a b o u t the p ro je c t o ve r lu n c h . Get w e ll soon.
3 Is it a ll rig h t if I tom orrow , o r w ould you Best w ishes,
prefer to be alone? Marc

Invitations
4 Would you lik e to join me at Chez Michel at
one o ’clock? We could ta lk about the project

5 Do you w ant to meet up th is evening - Hi C am e ron ,


D o y o u w a n t to m e et u p th is e ve n in g - barbecue
barbecue maybe? let me know.
m aybe? If so, le t me know . John and Jen are
6 I have t o . How about dinner next week?
c o m in g to o .
b Look at the em ails to check. Love, Pam

0
5 W rite sh o rt e m a ils fo r these situations.
6» m f e e s
1 Invite a friend to meet you som ew here. Give t***« »«Phr *£ ftrnrd Prh«
the date, tim e and place. P am ,
2 Cancel an appointm ent w ith a client. Give the
R e a lly s o r ry b u t I w o k e up th is m o rn in g w ith a
reason, suggest a new tim e, and invite
co ld a n d fe e l te r rib le . I have to ta k e a fe w da ys
her / him to lunch.
o ff. H ow a b o u t d in n e r n e x t w e e k?
6 Exchange e m a ils w ith a partner. W rite a short C a m e ro n .
reply to each one.
PS W h e n y o u see Jo h n , could yo u te ll h im to
g iv e m e a call?
7 Look at a ll yo u r em ails together. Do you th in k they
have the co rre ct style?
You p o o r th in g ! Yes, ne xt w e e k w ill be g o o d . Is it
a ll rig h t i f I d ro p b y to m o rro w , o r w o u ld y o u p re fe r
to be alone? Take care. P :•)

16
Look again O
Review Extension
VOCABULARY Music, s p o rts and exercise SPELLING AND SOUNDS or, w or-

1 a W ork together. How many w ords o r expressions U a * f l O Listen and repeat the w ords w ith o r and
can you th in k of: w o r-.
1 connected w ith m usic? jazz, in s tru m e n t...
o r w ith stress o r w ithout stress wor-
2 fo r sports and exercise? swimm ing, yoga...
h i/ h f /w 3 :/
b » O Listen to eight in stru ctio n s. W rite down • • • •
your answ ers - but do n 't w rite them in order. sp o rt born m otorbike doctor w o rk

C Look at each o th e r s answ ers. Can you guess b Add these w ords to the correct group. P ractise
what they mean? saying them .

forget m orning word


orchestra v is ito r w o id
C * (ED Spellcheck. Close your book. Listen to ten
w ords w ith o r and w o r- and w rite them down.
d Look at the s c rip t on p144 to check yo u r sp elling.
2 a Put the w ords in order. W rite the questions in the
table. NOTICE E xtrem e adjectives
1 like do What you doing in the evening?
5 a Find th e adjectives in this u n it w hich mean:
2 Can ride you a m otorbike?
3 did W here go you to school? 1 really good, special: m a g ic a l, u e,
4 reading you Are anything interesting at the 1 6.
m om ent? (the festival program m e on p i 1)
5 you w ould W hat places like to visit in future? 2 really nice: I y.
[N atalie's s c rip t on p i43)
Question A uxiliary Subject Verb 3 really good, great: a_____ g
word verb (Cameron and John’s conversation on p143)
4 really interesting: f g
1 What do you like doing in the
5 really frightening: t _____ g
evening?
6 really bad: t______e
2 - Can ... ... (the interview w ith Li on p i 43-4)

b V /rite tw o m ore questions to ask a partner. Then b Think about how to describe some th in g s and
ask and answ er a ll th e questions. people you re a lly lik e or do n 't like , fo r exam ple:

• a musician • a book • a TV program m e


CAN YOU REMEMBER? In tro u n it - Needs, w ants • a sportsperson • a film • a politician
• a place • an activity
a Complete the conversations w ith d like, w a it, need.
c T e ll each o th e r yo u r ideas. Do you agree?
1 a I ca n 't find my bank card.
b I th in k you to phone the bank.
2 a Hello. Can I get you som ething?

8 Yes, I some cake and a coffee, please.


3 a S hall we go out tonight? S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
b No, I / to stay at home.
Can you do these th in g s in English?(5jrcU»)a num ber
There's a good film on TV.
on each lin e . 1 = I ca n 't do this, 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
b V /rite sentences about th in g s you'd like , want o r — — 1
<?■ta lk about music
need to do:
■a ta lk about what to do in your free tim e | : "t . . |
• a fte r th is lesson • tom orrow 3 ta lk about sport and exercise
• next weekend • next w eek • next year j ta lk about past events and present activities

c Listen to each o th e r's sentences. Give more 3 ta lk about you r inte rests and how they
started
inform ation.
5 w rite messages o f request and invitation|to
Well, a fte r the lesson I'd diffe ren t people
like to go home and relax ...
OK.
• For Wordcards, reference and saving your work » e-Portfolio
... but actually I need • For more practice »» Self-study Pack, Unit 1

to go back to work!

II
2.1 goals
: talK about personal experience
ta lk about your studies

Work and studies


Lifelong learning
LISTENING 1 Ask and answ er the questions.
1 M w hat age do people in your country usually do these things?
• sta rt school • go to college o r university • do exams
• do m ilita ry service • sta rt w ork • retire
2 What do you th in k are the best ages to do them ?
2 Read the introduction to a radio program m e. Is th is tru e of people w here you live?

Tn today's programme, we'll be takinq a look at lifelong


\oaming. Uv th<a p a s t, p e o p le w o n t to s c h o o l an d
maybe university, then they got a job and that was it.
Today, however, all that is changing. Many people are
ccntinuiflg to study all their lives and some are going
back to school or university when the*/ are much older.

Margaret

3 • C D Listen to in te rvie w s w ith three students, Luis, Pierre and M argaret.

Match them w ith pictures A-C .


2 Who:
a started studying a fte r they retired?
b w orks and studies at the same tim e?
c w ent to college a fte r w o rkin g fo r 20 years?

a Can you rem em ber the answ ers to these questions?


Luis 1 What does he do? 2 What are his plans fo r the future?
Pierre 3 Why d idn't he like school? U Why does he enjoy his studies now?
Margaret 5 Why did she join the U3A? 6 How is the U3A different from other
universities?
b * <S D Listen again to check.

Do you know anyone w ith s im ila r stories to Luis, P ierre o r M argaret? Talk together,

VOCABULARY a Who m entions these subjects? W hat do they say about them ?
Studying
Spanish IT s k ills archaeology history m aths science m usic a rt

b In groups, add more subjects to th e lis t. Then compare as a class.

geography, French...
exams a Complete the sentences fro m the interview s w ith w ords o r expressions fro m the box.
a degree 1 I'm doing a doctorate in archaeology.
a thesis 2 I'm w r it in g ______ on my w o rk in the Amazon.
an IT skills course 3 I passed m y ______- ju s t !
c o lle g e s 4 I wanted to d o ______ in art.
a-deeterate 5 I applied to some
courses 6 I got into th e of A rt andDesign inLimoges.
degrees 7 We don't do exams o r g e t ______ .
School 8 I've d o n e in music, local history and Spanish.
9 Last w eek I signed up f o r ______ .

b Which w ords in the box in 7a can go w ith these verbs? do get p a s s /fa il

do a degree, do a doctorate...
W rite five sentences about your past o r present studies. Use the expressions in 7a.

SPEAKING Listen to each o th e r’s sentences. Last year I did a


A sk questions to find out more. course in m arketing. W here did you do it?

----------------------

I've done...
GRAMMAR
1 Look at the sentences fro m the in te rv ie w w ith P ierre and answer the questions.
Present perfect 1
1 I've always enjoyed a rt. 2 I didn’t like a lo t of subjects at school.
- fc r experience
In which sentence is he talking about: a only the past? b his w hole life up to now?

2 a Complete th e sentences w ith have, has, 've, haven't, hasn't.

have / has + past participle

Ö What kind of c o u rs e s _____ you done? Has she ever studied Spanish?
Q I’ve done courses in music, local history and Spanish. Yes, she
0 I choose things I studied before. No, s h e _____ .
© I ______never been very good w ith com puters.

b * SED Listen to check. Q

Complete th e questions w ith the past p a rticip le s of the verbs in (brackets).


1 What subjects have you always enjoyed? (enjoy)
2 What subjects have you a lw a y s ______ good at? (be)
3 W hat’s the most useful subject you’ve e v e r ? (study)
4 Who’s the best teacher you've e v e r ? (have)
5 Have you e v e r______ a course in your free tim e? (do)
6 Have you e v e r______ a thesis or a very long essay? (write)
7 Have y o u ___ a lot of exams in your life? (do)
G ra m m a r re fe re n c e 8 W hat's the most d iffic u lt exam you've e v e r_____ ? (pass)
and p ra c tic e , p 1 3 3
You can look up irre g u la r past p a rtic ip le s on p160, Irre g u la r verbs.

PRONUNCIATION a • SED We stress the most im p o rta n t w ords in a sentence (often question words,
Sentence stress nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs). Listen to these questions fro m 3 and practise.
• * • •
1 What subjects have you always enjoyed?
• • •
2 What subjects have you always been good at?

b Look at the o th e r questions in 3. Decide w hich w ords should be stressed and


u n d e rlin e them . • U D Then liste n and compare.

SPEAKING Ask and answ er the questions in 3. Ask questions to find out more.

've always loved maths.


Why? Did you have good teachers at school?

19
2 .2 goals
A great place to work? ta lk about personal experience
© ta lk about your w ork

SPEAKING 1 a Use the wor< quiz to in te rvie w each other.


Give reasons fo r yo u r answ ers.

The work quiz


W hat would be your ideal job? Would you p re fe r to:
1 (a) work for a big company? (b) work for a small company?
(c) be self-employed?
2 (a) have a full-time job? (b) have a part-time job?
(c) work whenever you want?
3 (a) work in an office? (b) work outdoors? (c) work at home?
4 (a) work alone? (b) work with the same people every day?
(c) often work with different people?
5 (a) have a well-paid job? (b) have an interesting job?
(c) have a job which helps other people?

b For each question 1-5, w h a t’s the m ost comm on answer in the class?
Are yo u r reasons the same?

READING Read fo u r web postings by people who w o rk fo r CSP, a com pany w hich designs
and s e lls com puter softw are. Who's g e n e ra lly happy at CSP? W ho’s not happy?

hk Ed* vtew Pfivorlte* I«*> (jek>


Atfreit www.theworkpl»ce/chatroom v k J GO Lnks

T h e W o r k p la c e > c h a t
1 P o s te d b y : M a rc o

I'v e w o rk e d h e re s in c e 2 0 0 8 w hen 1 le ft c o lle g e a n d I q u ite lik e it. I w o rk in th e IT d e p a rtm e n t and


th e re 's a n ic e a tm o s p h e re . E v e ry o n e 's e a sy t o w o rk w ith , fr ie n d ly - it's a b it lik e a fa m ily re a lly . I'm
a lw a y s b u s y b u t w e h a v e fle x ib le w o rk in g h o u rs : s o m e tim e s I 'm h e re fro m 7 t o 3 , s o m e tim e s fro m
1 0 to 6 . T h a t's g o o d w h e n y o j 'v e b e e n o u t th e n ig h t b e fo re ! T h e p a y 's good to o . V ie w 2 re o lie
th is comment

2 P o s te d b y : n o n a m e 9 9

I'v e o n ly w o rk e d h e re fo r a c o u p le o f m o n th s b u t I a lre a d y h a te it. T h e pe o p le In IT n e v e r s e e m to do


a n y w o rk . T h e re 's o n e y o u n g g u y w h o 's a lw a y s la te , a n d t h a t ca n b e re a lly d iffic u lt. T h e m a n a g e m e n t
Is n 't v e r y g o od e ith e r. T h e y d o n 't lis te n to y o u a n d th e y 'r e o fte n n o t h e re o r to o b u s y to ta lk . So
b a s ic a lly , it's a te r r ib le p la c e to w o rk a n d I 'm lo o k in g fo r a n e w jo b .

3 P o s te d b y : L a u r e n l O l

I'v e b e e n w ith th e c o le c te a m a t CSP fo r th r e e m o n th s a n d it's a g r e a t place t o w o rk . M y boco ic th e


b e s t - s h e 's n e v e r h e re , a lw a /s a w a y on b u s in e s s tr ip s ' B u t s e rio u s ly , th e a tm o s p h e re h e re 's p r e tty
re la x e d b e c a u s e w e o fte n d o n 't h a v e a lo t to d o , a n d w e p ro b a b ly s p e n d a b it to o m u c h tim e s u rfin g
th e In t e r n e t an d h a v in g lo n g lu n c h b re a k s . T h e p a y 's n o t g r e a t, b u t ,‘t's e n o u g h f o r no w . V ie w IQ
replies to this .comment

4 P o s te d b y : L y d ia

I s ta rte d w o rk in g h e re a b o u t th re e y e a rs a g o . The jo b 's in te re s tin g b u t it can be q u ite s tre s s fu l


b e c a u s e I w o rk w ith th e sales te a m . T h e y m a k e a lo t o f m is ta k e s , a n d th e n I h a v e t o fix th e m . T h e
p a y 's n o t g r e a t - I n e v e r have a n y m c n e y a t th e e n d o f th e m o n th ! B u t th e b e n e fits a re OK - I g e t
fo u r w e e k s ' h o lid a y a y e a r and fre e h e a lth care.
3 Read the postings again. Who:

1 is in the sales team?


2 som etim es has problem s because of the sales team?
3 is in the IT departm ent?
4 i s n 'l h a p p y w i l h th e IT d e p a r t m e n t ?
5 doesn't have a lot of work?
6 came to CSP a fte r college?
7 w ants to leave CSP?
8 doesn't say anything about money?

Who do you th in k w ould be good to w o rk w ith ? Who could be d iffic u lt to w o rk w ith?


Why?

VOCABULARY Complete statem ents 1 -6 . Then read the postings again ta check.
Working 1 We have flexible w orking a I never have any money at the end
conditions hours: of the m onth!
The managem ent isn ’t I get fo u r weeks' holiday a year and
very good either. free health care.
The benefits are OK - They don't listen to you.
The pay’s not grcot and I’m looking for a new job.
It's a te rrib le place to w o rk Everyone’s easy to w o rk w ith,
There’s a nice atm osphere. sometim es I’m here from 7 to 3,
sometim es from 10 to 6.

SPEAKING a Think about h o w to describe some of these th in g s w ith the expressions in 5.


1 your job now 2 jobs in your past 3 jobs of people you know
-'•hat's your job like?
b Talk together.
It's great, because
we have flexible
w orking hours ...
I’ve worked here fo r ...
GRAMMAR 1 Look at the sentences fro m the postings.
Present perfect
2 - w ith fo r and Marco I've worked here since 2008.
since LaurenlO l I’ve been w ith the sales team at CSP fo r three months.

1 When did Marco and Lauren sta rt w orking at CSP?


2 Do they w o rk there now?
3 Complete a and b w ith fo r and since-.

a You can use to say when som ething started (Monday, last month, 2008).
b You can u s e _____ w ith a period of tim e (a week, three m onths, five years).

a W rite fo u r sentences about y o u rs e lf on a piece of paper. Use th e ideas below w ith


fo r and since. Then give your sentences to y o u r teacher.

I’ve w orked a t ... I’ve been a ... I've lived in ...


I’ve known ... I’ve studied ... I’ve had my ...

G ra m m a r re fe re n c e I've worked at my present company fo r about five years.


and p ra c tic e , p 1 3 3
b Listen to each set of sentences. Can you guess w ho w rote them ?

SPEAKING 3 Talk in groups. What can you re m e m b e r about each other fro m 2? Ask questions to
find out more.
fou've been a teacher
fo r five years, right?

No, only two.


Oh. s o ry , two
•ears. What do
*ou teach?

21
Target activity
2 .3 goals
Haue an interview . ta lk about personal experience
v ta lk about your studies

Let F in dajob help you find your dream job. Simply give us your CV and come in ® ta lk about your w o rk /*«

for an interview and we'll find the best job for someone with your skills and
interests. You'll get experience with some of the word's best organisations and have
the freedom to work how you want to. We can find you a job with a permanent or
temporary contract and you can work full-time or part-time - the choice is yours!

TASK LISTENING 1 Read the advert fo r a job agency.

1 Do many people use job agencies w here you live?


2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a job agcncy?
3 Have you or people you know ever used a job agency?

2 • Ö D Listen to p a rt of Lauren's interview . In w hat order does the in te rv ie w e r ask


about these things?

Ö experience in sales
[7] qualifications in catering
□ strengths and weaknesses
□ la n g u a g e s
□ com puter skills
□ driving licence

3 a Can you rem em ber if these sentences are tru e o r false? Lauren:
Lauren Go'don has left CSP 1 brings her CV w ith h e r true
and is looking for a new job. 2 only wants to w o rk in catering.
She has ar interview at the 3 has her Food Safety certificate w ith her.
Finoajob agency.
4 speaks some French and Spanish.
5 left CSP because she w a sn 't happy there.
6 says she has no weaknesses.

b * u j Listen again to check.

TASK a W hat does Lauren say in h e r interview ? Match 1 -8 w ith a -h .


VOCABULARY
I’ve got experience in w o rk fo r a big company.
Presenting I'm looking fo r w o rk in Food Safety fo r Catering.
yourself I’ve got a certificate in ta lkin g to people, I think.
I've been in w orking in a team.
I've alway» wanted to any of those areas, really.
I’m good at sales, adm inistration and catering.
I re a lly enjoy sales fo r a year now.
8 I'm not very good at w orking on my own.

b Look at th e script on p144 to check.


c Use th e highlighted expressions in 4a to w rite five sentences about yourself.

5 a W ork in A/B pairs.


A, you've got an interview w ith Findajob. Think of answers to questions 1-5.
B, you’re the interview er W rite tw o more questions.
1 What experience have you got?
2 W hat kind of w o rk are you looking for?
3 What qualifications have you got?
4 What languages can you speak?
5 What are your strengths and weaknesses?

b In te rvie w your partner. Then change rotes and do the interview again.

6 Were you happy w ith your interview ? Why / Why not? Talk together.

22
EXPLORE

Keyword for
1 a Look at th e h ighlighted expressions in 2 a W hich sentence ta lk s about a tim e period:
sentences 1 -4 fro m th is unit. Match them a in the past? b in the future? c up to now?
w ith e x p la n a tio n s a - d .
1 I've been in sales for a year.
1 I ' v e o n ly worked h e r e f o r a c o u p le o f m onths. 2 Next year. I’ m going to w o rk in B razil fo r the
2 S im p ly g iv e u s y o u r CV and come i n f o r am summ er.
in t e r v i e w . 3 When I was a student. I w ent to university in
3 You w orked f o r Ca£4 C o n c e rto l a s t summer. Paris fo r nine months.
4 I 'm s u r e w e ' l l h a v e so m eth in g f o r yon.
b W rite three sentences Ik e 1 -3 about you.
a You can use for to give a reason, to answer Why? Then liste n to each o th e r’s sentences and ask
b You can use fo r w ith a tim e period, questions to find out more.
c You can use fo r to say who receives something,
d You use for afte r some verbs (ask. look, wait, 3 Put th e w ords in o rd e r to m ake questions.
work, etc.). Then ask and answ er them in groups.
b Now match m ore exam ples fro m th e box w ith a -d . 1 make / your friends / Do you ever / fo r / things / ?
Do you ever make things fo r yo u r friends?
1 I 'm lo o k in g f o r a new jo b . unit 2
2 Come f o r a n i g h t , a day. o r f o r t h e whole
2 your m obile phone / taking photos / fo r / use /
t h r e e d a y s , unit 1 Do you ever / ?
3 Do you u se y o u r b i k e f o r g e t t i n g arou nd , 3 organised / someone / Have you ever / a party /
g e t t i n g t o work ... ? »»it 1 fo r /?
4 L a s t y e a r I w ro te a book f o r c h i l d r e n , oait 1
4 How often / you / for / do / buy ticke ts / or
5 I n eed E n g l i s h f o r my w ork, intro unit
o ther events / concerts / ?
5 for / What w ebsites / you / your w o rk / do / use
/ or studies / ?
6 someone / the last tim e / fo r / a present /
bought / you / When was / ?

Independent learning
Collocations are words th a t often go together. Cross out the
v/ord th a t doesn’t u sually go w ith the highlighted words.

1 d o /m a k e r /p a s s /fa il an exam
2 a p a rt-tim e / w e ll-p a id / happy / d ifficu lt job
3 a lunch / breakfast / coffee / cigarette break

b Which of th e collocations are: adjective + noun? ve rb + noun? noun + noun?

W ork in th re e groups. Complete the collocations w ith w o rd s fro m the postings on p20.
Then show them to the o th e r groups.

Group A, find adjectives: Group B , find verbs: Group C, find nouns:


a _ n /ce . atm osphere mistakes the departm ent
a place to w ork the Internet the team
a place to w ork __ a break a __ . trip

Look at three ways of recording collocations. Can you th in k of m ore ways?

IM t 2
S tudies dauern^ ru n n m g
We Lvu/e flexible worhtyg hours,
go U? (infrersity
pa.;s cm encun torario d e trabajo es flexible 3 °) f o r ^ walk
fa d an exam, 1 get free health care. h\Otr\t
write a thesis a.5isterc>& szrvtarid. gra.t<Arta. /o u n i w r s i f j

Which do you prefer? Choose ways to record the collocations in 1a and 2.


Speaking Goals
1 a i C D Listen to the phone ca ll and choose a, b o r c. ask people to repeat, spelt thin gs and slow
down
1 The ca lle r's name is show you u n tersta nd
a Clare.
b Lisa Moore,
c Yusuf Kdi iru.
2 The person he needs to speak to is
a at lunch.
b in a meeting,
c on holiday.
3 The ca lle r leaves his
a m obile number.
b home num ber
c home address.
4 He w ants Lisa Moore to
a em ail him.
b phone him.
c send him som ething.

b Read th e conversation to check.


A m a n a g e r a t th e F in d a jo b a g ency c a lls CSP to a s k a b o u t
th e ir e x -e m p lo y e e , L a u re n G crdon.
2 a Read the conversation again. W hich highlighted
expressions:

1 ask someone to slow down? (x1) c la re Hello, CSP, Claie speaking. How can I help you?
2 ask someone to say som ething again0 (x3) yusuf Oh hello, my name's Yusuf Karim. I’m from the
3 ask someone to spell som ething? (x l! job agency, Findajob. Could I speak to Lisa Moore,
4 show you understand? (x3) please?
c la re Certainly. Can I ask you the reason for the call?
b %C E > Listen to check. Q
yusuf Of course. I’m calling about an ex-CSP employee,
Lauren Gordon. Lisa Moore was her manager.
3 a Put the w ords in o rd e r to m ake sentences or
c la re Thank you. Let me just see if Lisa’s available.
questions about taking messages.
Hello? I'm afraid she's in a meeting Can I take a
1 take you Would me message to like a ? message?
2 name again What your was please ? yusuf I'm sorry, this line’s not very good. Could you say
3 w ould like to te ll you What me her ? that again, please?
4 mpssagp givp hpr I'll the c la re Yes, of course. I’m sorry. Would you like me to take
5 ask you her to I’ll c o n ta c t. a message?
yusuf Yes. please.
b Read the conversation to check.
c la re Er, what w as your name again, please?
U a Cover the conversation. R ole-play a s irrila r yusuf Yes. it’s Yusuf Karim.
conversation in A /B pairs. c la r e Could you spell thai for me?
yusuf Yes, it’s Yusuf with a Y. Y-U-S-U-F, and Karim is
A, you’re Clare from CSP. K-A-R-I-M.
B, you're Yusuf Karim from Findajob (telephone c la r e OK. And what's your telephone number?
0412 556 207, em ail y.karim fäfindajob.ccm.au). yusuf I'll give you my mobi.e number. It’s 0412 556 207.
Try to use the highlighted expressions in 2 and 3. c la r e Sorry, can you speak more slowly, please?
yusuf Yes, it's 0412 556 207
b Change roles and practise again. c la r e Right. And has Lisa got your email address?
yusuf Er, no. It’s y.kanm@findajob.com.au.
5 a Make tw o new phone ca lls in A/B pairs. c la r e Sorry, y.karim® . . . 7
A , y o u w o r k f o r C S P . R e a d r o le c a r d 1 o n p i 26. yusuf Findajob-that’s one word dot com dot au.
B, you w o rk for Findajob. Read role card 2 on p i 29. c u re OK. so that’s ykariii0fexiajobiaxu.au. And what
S tart the call. would you like me to tell her?
yusuf Weil, I'd like to ask net 5c r - questions about Lauren
b Change roles. Gordon, what was she like as an employee and
B, you w o rk for CSP. Read role card 4 on p130. things. It would be great if she could phone me.
A. you w o rk fo r Findajob. Read role card 3 on p126. c la r e OK. I’ll give her the message and ask her to contact
S tart the call. you.
yusuf Thank you. That's helpful
c u re No problem. Goo i «

24
Look again O
Review Extension
GRAMMAR P resent p e rfe ct SPELLING AND SOUNDS W ords w ith -e r, -o r, -a r, -o u r

a Read the ‘Find someone w ho’ sentences below. U a ♦ Q D You say tho endings -e r, -o r, -a r, -o u r in the
W rite fo u r m ore lik e these fo r the people in same way, h i . Listen and repeat.
your class.
-e r -o r -a r -o u r
Find someone who: • • • •
• has had the same job fo r more than two years. lawyer visito r g ra m m a r neighbour
• has always liked the same music.
• has worked fo r more than three com paries. b Com plete these w ords with the c o rre ct endings.
P ractise saying them .
b Make questions fro m the sentences, then ask teacher. d ire ct_ _ danc__
them . Find out m ore details. act sug behavi__

Have you always liked the same music? C • < 5 D Spellcheck. Listen to ten m ore w ords and
w rite th e m down.

c Talk in groups. W hat did you find out about oth e r d Look at the s c rip t on p U 5 to check yo u r spelling.
people in th e claso?
NOTICE C ollocations
VOCABULARY W o rking conditions
a Com plete the highlighted collocations fro m the
a Use the expressions to com plete F le u r’s pcsting. radio in te rvie w s w ith P ierre and M argaret.
Is she happy in her job?
ask free got great have IT l e f t passed
flexible w orking hours pay free health care
1 I le ft school when I was eighteen. I
easy4e-wortrwiTfT benefits management
my exam s - ju s t! - and then I a job.
atmosphere
2 It’s a experience, com pletely different
from school.
3 I'm a lot o ld e r... so it’5 easier t o _____
P o s te d b y : F le u r 8 9
questions, talk to the teachers, things like that.
a b it b o rin g , b u t th e p e o p le a re
T h e jo b 's A We m eetings and ta lk s in m em bers’
1easy to w ork w ith a n d th e re 's a re a lly go od homes.
2________ in th e o ffic e . T h e 3________ a r e n 't b a d - I 5 I retired three years ego. I had a lot o f ______
g e t1 . b u t th e 5 is te r r ib le ! I h a v e n 't tim e, and nothing to do.
ha d a ris e s in c e I s ta r te d . W e d o n 't h a v e 6_______
6 Last w eek I signed up for a n s k ills
- w e s ta r t a t e ig h t in th e m o rn in g a n d o fte n w o rk
course.
la te . B u t th e 7 is q u ite g o o d . M y boss is
g re a t and te lls m e c o n d itio n s w ill g e t b e tte r if I b Look at s c rip t 1.11 on p144 to check.
s ta y h e re long er.
c Choose three collocations and w rite questions
w ith them .
b W rite a posting like F le u r’s about yo u r job or the Do you have a lo t o f meetings where you work?
joo of someone you know.
d Ask and answ er your questions.

CAN YOU REMEMBFR? U n it 1 - M usic, s p o rts and


exercise
S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
3 a Use verbs fro m the box to com plete the questions. Can you do these th in g s in Engl»sh?{§ ircte)a n u m be r
on each tine. 1 = I can t do this, 5 = I c an do th is w e ll.
done go (x2) listen to p la y
ta lk about personal cxpcricn cc
1 Can you play volleyball? , ta lk about you r studies H H IH H H
2 Do you e v e r_____ running? talk about your w ork D D D B
3 How often do y o u to concerts?
* ask people to repeat, s p e ll things and slow
U Do you ever classical music? down
5 Have you e v e r yoga? show you understand

b T iin k of tw o m ore endings fo r each question. take a telephone message H B H H 3

1 Can you play the guitar? • For Wordcards, reference and saving your work e* Portfolio
Can you play football ? • For more practice >» Self-study Pack, Unit 2

c Ask and answ er a ll the questions in 3a and b.

25
3.1 goals
3 give opinions
ta lk about food and eating

How’s your food?


Supermarkets or small shops?

VOCABULARY Look at the pictures. In groups, ask and answ er the questions.
Giving opinions 1 How often do you shop at places like these?
2 In your home, who does the food shopping?

Read three people's opinions about superm arkets. Do they like o r dislike them ? Why?

I think small shops are better. The owners are usually friendly
and you can ask them aJbout things. I find supermarkets Quite
stressful. They’re always crowded and noisy. If you ask me,
they’re only interested in making money, not in their customers.
Jenny, N ew Zealand
Well, supermarkets are cheap and
convenient but I prefer convenience
stores. They’re fast and modem and sell I go to the market near my flat every day to buy food - things
interesting things Also, supermarkets like meat., fish and vpgetahlps Tnever buy things like that in
bring a lot of their stuff here by plane the supermarket. I don’t think their food is fresh. But I guess
and that’s bad for the environment. they're good for cleaning products, pet food and so on.
They should sell more local food.
Luz, Spain
Akio, Japan
Match the beginnings and endings of the opinions. Then look at 2 to check.

1 I th in k sm all s h o p s a s e ll more local food.


2 I find superm arkets b cleaning products and pet food and so on.
3 If you ask me, c are better,
A They should d is fresh,
5 I don’t think th e ir food e quite stressf j L
6 I guess they’re good fo r f they’re only interested in m aking money.

I a Find th e opposites of these adjectives in 2.

unfriendly friendly expensive relaxing


quiet boring em pty old-fashioned
-J

b * CES> Listen to check. O

SPEAKING a T hink about places w here people buy food in your country. W hat are th e ir
good and oad points?
I th in k superm arkets b Listen to each o th e r's opinions in groups. Say if you agree o r disagree and
are only good fo r give reasons.
people w ith cars.
Yes, \ agree. 1 W ell, \ don’t agree. \ think

26
Food and you
READING 1 Look at the pictures. W hich kinds of food do you p re fe r to buy? Why?

2 Read the article by Judi Bevan. Which paragraphs:

a are about superm arkets now? c compare shopping in the past and present?
b are about shopping in the past?

In defence of supermarkets
1 1 like supermarkets. I can buy a week’s shopping in ninety minutes,
giving me time to help my daughter with her homework, or read a
good book in the bath.
2 Supermarkets sell an amazing choice of fresh and frozen food. If I
want to spend hours cooking a three-course dinner for friends, I can
find all the ingredients I need at my local supermarket. If I choose an
Italian meal, there are porcini mushrooms, fresh basil and mozzarella
cheese. If I want some other cuisine - Indian, Chinese or French -
herbs, spices, sauces and vegetables from every continent are only a
few minutes away.
3 On the other hand, when I’m tired and just want to put together a
quick family meal, I can buy a ready-made lasagne or curry, a bag of
salad and some fresh fruit - and start eating it ten minutes after I get
home.
* Thanks to supermarkets, I can now shop all day from early morning
to late at night. In some stores I can even shop 24 hours.
5 When I was a child, my mother didn’t have these choices, as she
went to three or four depressing little shops every day to buy what she
needed. These shops opened from 9 am to 5 pm Monday to Saturday,
and they all closed or Thursday afternoons.
4 The food was not always good, there was almost no choice and the shopkeepers were not
very friendly. And at that time, food was very expensive. Cream or strawberries was a luxury,
and roast chicken was for special occasions only.
7 Not many people would say that shopping in their local supermarket on a crowded Saturday
morning makes them happy. But it’s much, much better than what we had before.

Read the a rtic le again. Find fo u r reasons why Judi lik e s su p e rm a rke ts and fo u r
problem s w ith shopping in the past.

Judi describes su p e rm a rke ts in the UK. W hich th in g s are true about s u p e rm a rke ts
in your country? Which th in g s are d ifferent?

VOCABULARY 5 Add vow els to make food w ords fro m the a rtic le . Then look at the a rtic le to check.
Food and m eals Look on P131 t0 check any w o rd s you don't know.
1 bsl basil 4 vgtbls 7 strw b rrs 10 Isgn 13 m shrm s
2 chs 5 c rry 8 hrbs 11 sld 14 crm
3 spcs 6 frt 9 scs 12 c.Tckn

6 Match the examples from the box w ith a-d . Think of two more examples each fo r a-d.

basil dessert .asagne breakfast

a a m eal b a course c an ingredient d a dish

SPEAKING In groups, ask and answ er the questions. Find out m ore inform ation.
1 Do you have a favourite kind of food, dish, o r m eal of the day?
I never eat mushrooms. 2 What dishes can you, or people you know, cook? What ingredients do you use a lot?
3 Where you live, are there any good places to buy food from o th e r countries?
Why not? I love them !
27
3 .2 goals
Eating out >ta lk about food and eating
ord e r a m e a l in a restaurant

READING AND Talk together.


LISTENING
1 How often do you go to cafes o r restaurants?
2 Are there any good places to eat near your home?

a Read the info rm a tio n fro m a guide to eating out in M elbourne, A ustralia.
W hich restaurant:

1 is owned by a fam ily? 3 is open on Sundays?


2 has tables outside? U som etim es has live music?

b W hich of these re sta u ra n ts w ould you lik e to go to? Why?

The Bridge Restaurant Bopha Devi Docklands


45 Hardware Lane, Melbourne Vic 3 0 0 0 2 7 Rakaia Way, Docklands Vic 3 0 0 8
"0* 0 3 9 6 0 0 2 3 4 •B 03 9 6 0 0 1 8 7

The new place in Docklands that


everyone’s talking about. The
Bopha Devi Cambodian restaurant
combines fantastic food with
excellent sendee. Open 12 pm - Abla’s Lebanese
11 pm. Closed Mondays. Restaurant
1 0 9 Elgin Street, Carlton Vic 3 0 5 3
‘'S 03 9 3 4 7 0 0 6

The Bridge has a modern dining


room serving quality European Choose from an exciting menu of
food. There is also a beautiful Middle Eastern food, then sit back
terrace for outdoor dining, and and enjoy the friendly service in
live jazz every Friday. Bookings this family-owned restaurant. Open
essential. Open M o n d a y Friday 12 Thursday'-Friday 12pm - 3pm,
pm - 10 pm, Saturday 5 pm - 10 pm Monday-Saturday 6pm - 11pm

3 • Q D Listen :o Bryan and Lynn ta lkin g about the restaurants. W hich one do they
choose? Why?

U Read th e restaurant menu. W hich dishes w ould you like to try? Look on p i 31 to
check any words you d o n 't know.

STARTERS
Soup of the day
Pear, apple and cheese salad (V)
Warm olives with oil and bread <V)
MAIN COURSES
Home-made pasta in a tom ato end olive sauce <v)
Grilled salmon with potatoes end green salad
Steak in a mushroom sauce with roasted potatoes
Fried rice with mushrooms <v)
Prawns and green vegetables with a fresh cucum ber salad
DESSERTS
Warm chocolate cake - with chocolate or vanilla ice cream <V)
Cheese plate with toast (V>
Fresh fruit salad with cream (V)
(v) - suntatxs for v eg etarians

5 • Listen to Lynn and Bryan o rd ering th e ir m eals. Tick ( / ) the th in g s they order.
6 a Put the lin e s of the restaurant conversation in o rder, 1—12
Ordering a m eal

W aiter C ustom ers


[5) OK. And for you. bii ? D Can we have a bottle of w ater?
ITl Hi, are you ready to order? □ Could I have the cheese salad to s t a r t ...
□ A ll right. Can I get you som ething to drink? and then the steak?
C ] Fine, and how w ould you like your steak? □ OK, so I’ll have that and the pasta, please.
Q T o d a y it's cream of mushroom soup. □ Medium, please.
□ Sure. Sparkling o r s till? □ S till, please.
[2] Yes, I th in k so. W hat's the soup of the day?

b • I E ) Listen a g a n to check.

PRONUNCIATION a • J E D W ords o r syllables w ith o u t stress often have a schwa h i sound. Listen and
Schwa h i sound say the sentence.
3 • 9 4 9 • 9

Can we have a bottle of w ater?


b M ark the h i sounds in th e re st of th e cu sto m e rs’ sentences in 6a.
c 4 H D Listen and road the scrip t on p1/*5 to check. O Practise saying the sentences.

SPEAKING a Look at the menu and decide w h a t you w a n t to order.


b W ork in groups of three. S tudent A, you're the w aiter. Students B and C, you’re the
custom ers. Order a meal.

c Have tw o m ore conversations. Take tu rn s to be the waiter.

Describing a meal
GRAMMAR
1 Look at sentences 1 and 2. Then(circj^ithe nouns and underline the p repositional
Nouns w ith phrases in 3-6.
prepositional
phrases 1 ({S u ftof the dav
2 Warm chocolate<gak^)with ice cream
3 Fresh fru it salad w ith ice cream
4 Pasta in a tom ato and olive sauce
5 W arm olives w ith oil and bread
6 Steak in a mushroom sauce w ith roasted potatoes

2 a Put the highlighted phrase in the c o rre ct place in each sentence.

1 I'd like to bock a ta b le ^p le a sc^fo r two


2 My parents cook a big m eal every weekend, fo r nine or ten people
3 Could I have the chicken, please? in g a rlic sauce
4 That table is free. Why don't we sit there? in the corner
5 Would you like a bottle w ith your meal? of w a te r
6 The w eather was great, so we sat at a table, on the terrace
7 There's a good menu and the staff are very friendly, with lots of vegetarian dishes
G ra m m a r r e fe re n c e 8 I'll have the salmon, please, w ith rice
and p ra c tic e , p 1 3 4
b * d ) Listen to check. Q

SPEAKING 3 a Think about a meal you had recently.

1 Where did you have the meal:


in a restaurant o r cafe? at a party? at a friend's house?
We went to Ab la's.
2 When did you have it? Who w ith?
It's a Lebanese
3 W hat did you eat? How was the food?
restaurant w ith
4 What was the place like?
really frien d ly staff.
5 Did you have a good tim e?
We S3t at a table in
the c o rn e r... b In groups, describe yo u r m eals. Give details.
V -------------------
29
Target activity

TASK LISTENING 1 * J E D Four people are planning a barbecue, b u t some of th e ir frie n d s are
vegetarian. What do they decide to do? Listen and choose fro m 1-4.
1 cook meat and vegetables together
2 cook only meat but make some salads too
3 cook meat and vegetables on different g rills
4 cook only vegetables
t Listen :o the second pa rt of the conversation. Tick ( / ) the th in g s they need
fo r the salad.

lettuce black olives parm esan cheese olive oil


feta cheese lim es garlic tom atoes
TASK a Can you remember w hich six of these su yye slio n s the frie n d s make?
VOCABULARY
1 How about we organise a barbecue?
Making 2 We could do some pasta.
suggestions 3 We can put veggies on the barbecue as w ell.
4 Why don’t we get some burgers?
5 Sausages are nice
6 How about a fru it salad?
7 Perhaps we should make a cake.
8 What about fru it?
9 Melons?

b * <E D * C D Listen again to check.

a You're going to plan a m eal fo r your group. W ork alone and th in k about these
questions.
1 Should you eat inside o r outside? Could the m eal be in o r near yo u r home?
2 What kinC of food should you make? How many courses? What about drinks?
3 Who should make the food? How can you help?
b Now th in k about how to:

1 describe the food. Chicken w ith ...


2 give opinions. I th in k we sh o u ld ...
3 make suggestions. How a b o u t... ?

In groups, plan yo u r m eal. Make a lis t of the dishes y o j decide to make.

Read th e other groups' lis ts . W hich m eals do voc th in k so*. “ : th e nicest o r the
m ost interesting?

30
Keyword
1 a Match 1-3 w ith a -c to m ake three sentences.

1 I've never been very good a w ith lots of vegetarian dishes, nut j
2 I w o rk b w ith the sales team, vnu 2
3 It has a good m enu c w ith com puters, unit 2

b Which sentence has: a noun + w ith ? an adjective + w ith ? a verb + w ith?

2 Choose the best endings fo r 1-9.

1 I have an a ppointm ent w ith a Cecile? She looks ill.


2 I’ve got a problem w ith b the view.
3 I had a m eeting w ith c a w a lk around its fam ous gardens.
4 I'm bored w ith d my computer. It w o n ’t start up.
5 W hat's w rong w ith e this film . Can we change channels?
6 My new fla t's nice but I’ m not very h a p p / w ith f Erika now. They met at a party a month ago.
7 I'm staying w ith g the sales team yesterday.
8 Steve's going out w ith h frie n d s in Honolulu rig h t now. It's w o n d e rfu l here
9 The to u r of the castle s ta rts w ith i Dr Jones fo r two o'clock.
3 a Complete five o r six of these sentences w ith your own ideas.

I'm (not very] good w ith ... I w o rk w ith ... I have a m eeting w ith ... I’ve got a problem w ith ...
I'm bored w ith ... I'm Inot very] happy w ith ... I som etim es stay w ith ... My day u s ja lly sta rts w ith ...

b Compare your ideas in groups. Ask questicns to find out more.

\___________________
Well, at the m om ent I've n u .... ... ^
OK. What s w^ong w ith it?
got a problem w ith my car. -------------------------r --------

Across cultures
1 Listen to Matt and C arlos ta lkin g about m ealtim es.
Who ta lk s about these things?

breakfast the evening m eal d in n er on Friday


evenings dinner w ith guests

Can you re m e m b e r w ho said these things, M att o r Carlos?


» Ö D Listen again to check.
1 We usually eat to g e th e r in the evening.
2 Everyone s its around the table and eats and talks.
3 In my fam ily, we a ll have breakfast at different tim es.
4 I send my kids to wash th e ir hands before dinner.
5 My m um says bon appetit before we start eating.
6 We usually have a quick m eal in fro n t of the TV.
Talk together.

1 What tim e do you usually have meals? Are m eals quick o r do they take a long time?
2 Do you eat at the same tim e as other people? Do you eat in th e same room?
3 Do you say o r do anything before you begin a meal?
4 W hat do you do w hile you're eating? (talk? w atch TV? smoke? som ething else?)
5 If you talk, w hat do you usually ta lk about?
6 Where you live, do you th in k food and rre a ltim e s are a very im portant part of:
a fam ily life? b social life? c w o rk or business life?

Now th in k about these questions and ta lk again.


1 Are the things in 3a the same o r different in o th e r places you know?
2 Have you ever had a m eal in someone's home in another country? What was it like?

31
Writing
1 a Look at the pictures of tw o snacks a rd item s A-H.
W hich ite m s do you th in k you need for bruschetta
and w hich fo r spiced nuts?

b Read th e recipe fo r bruschetta to check.

Read th e recipe for w arm spiced nuts. Choose the


Tomato and cheese bruschetta c o rre ct verbs.
2 m edium tomatoes, chopped
100g mozzarella cheese, chopped Warm spiced nuts
2 -3 ba sil leaves
40 m l extra v irg in o live o il 200g m ixe d nuts
salt, pepper 40m l o liv e o il
4 slices o f good w h ite bread a lit tle salt
1 clove o f garlic, peeled 10ml chopped fresh rosem ary
5m l chopped d rie d chillies
Chop the tom atoes and mozzarella and put them
in a bowl. Add the basil, oil, salt and pepper. Stir, Put the iiutB. oil and salt in a bowl. 1Chop ! Shake
then leave for 20 minutes to an hour. Toest the the Iresh rosemary and dried chillies and add to
bread until golden brown, then put on a plate. Cut the bowl 2Cut / Stir aJI the ingredients, then poui
the garlic clove in half and rub over each piece of unto a baking tray. Bake f Boil a t 180 C lor 15 to
toast. Put a quarter of the tom ato mixtuie on each 20 m iuutesr shaking once 'Pour / Stir the nuts
slice and serve. anti) kitchen paper anrl Lhen into a dish
•s h a k e / S e rv e w arm .

2 a Which of these verbs can you find in the recipe


fo r bruschetta? Read both recipes again.

chop cut pour shake serve stir 1 Which snack do you think is the easiest to make?
2 Would you like to try these snacks?
You can look up th e w ords on p i 31. Why? / Why not?

b In pairs, take tu rn s to m im e and guess the verbs a Think of a snack or some o th e r quick dish th a t
fo r preparing. you know how to make.

b W rite the ingredients fo r your recipe.


3 W hat kinds of foods do you cook in these ways?
Talk to g e th e r c W rite the in stru ctio n s fo r your recipe.

bake boil fry g rill roast toast Look at each o th e r’s recipes. Ask and answ er the
Look on p 131 to check any w ords y o i d o n 't know. questions.
1 Would you like to try them ?
I som etim es bake cakes.
2 Can you understand a ll the instructions?
I never bake bread!
Look again O
Review Extension
VOCABULARY Opinions SPELLING AND SOUNDS o/, oy

1 a Put th e w ords in o rd e r to make sentences. L a • HED You say oi and oy in th e sam e way: /^ i/ .
Listen, then say the words.
1 are better than fresh ones frozen vegetaoles
I th in k . enjoy em ployee noisy boil
2 seven days a w eek should open shops I don't
thin k .
b Com plete the ru le s w ith oi o r oy.
3 should buy everyone If you ask me, local food . 1 We usually w r ite _____ before a consonant.
4 expensive restaurants I find quite s tre s s fu l. 2 We usually w r it e before a vowel o r at
5 ready-m ade meals very good fo r you I don't the end of a word.
thin k are .
c » J D S pellcheck. Listen to e ig h t w ords and w rite
b Talk about th e opinions. Do you agree w ith them? them down.
d Look at the scrip t on p146 to check yo u r spelling.
VOCABULARY O rdering a m eal

2 a As a class m ake a cafe menu. Suggest your NOTICE Making sentences s tre n g e r / w e a ke r
favourite dishes. Include: 6 a Look at these sentences from Judi Bevan’s
starters main dishes desserts drinks a rtic le , In Defence o f Superm arkets. Decide w here
th e m issing w ords go in each sentence. Then look
Then th in k about w hat you'd like to order.
back at th e a rtic le on p27 to check.

b Work in groups of three: one w aiter, tw o customers. 1 I can find 1 the ingred ents 1need at
Order a meal. Take tu rn s to be the waiter. my local superm arket. a ll
2 ... vegetables from every continent
f Hi are you ready to order?___________________ are a few m inutes away. only
3 In some stores 1can snop 24 hours. even
Yes, I'd like the bruschetta, please ^ ]
4 The food was not gooc ... always
5 ... there was no choice, alm ost
CAN YOU REMEMBER? U nit 2 - Studying, W orking 6 ... and the shopkeepers were not
conditions friendly. very
7 And at that tim e, food was expensive. very
3 a Work in tw o team s, A and B.
8 But it's m uch better than w hat we
A, how many expressions about studying can you had before. much
rem ember?
b Cover the h ig h lig h te d words. Can you re m e m be r
Make a list: IT skills, do a d egree...
th e com plete sentences 1-8?
B, now many expressions about w orking
conditions can you rem em ber?
Make a list: pay, w orking h o u rs ...

b Look back at unit 2 to check.


A, look on p19. B, look on p21.
c Follow the in stru ctio n s fo r the quiz.
1 Choose five expressions to test the other
teams.
2 W rite sentences w ith gaps.
3 Take tu rn s to read your sentences to the oth e r
S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
teams.
4 Guess the words. You w in a point fo r eve*y Can you do these th in g s in E nglish?(fcirclj)a n u m be r
correct word, and a bonus point if you can on each lin e . 1 = I can’t do this, 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
spell it. © g ive opinions

ö ta lk about food and eating


M did a in biology.
( a degree? ] @ m ake suggestions ■

[T h at's rig h t. How do you sp e ll it? give and understand w ritte n instructions

1 • For Wordcards, refcrcncc and saving your work >


1 • For more practice » SeH-study Pack. Unit 3

33
4.1 goals
use a taxi

Encounters
Taxi!
VOCABULARY 1 Askt ana
and ansv/er the
me questions together.
logeiner.

1 How often do you use taxis in your ov own city? What do you use lUem for?
0
2 W hai ^about
What k/M11 when
lAikrtn w/Mi ’ rn travelling?
you’re I innO
3 When was your last trip by taxi? Where did you go?

a .

0 I « r * a>’ °

*2 0 -0 0

a Read th e questions. Match the h ighlighted expressions w ith A -F in the pictures.

1 When was the last tim e you phoned fo r a taxi or got a taxi at a taxi rank?
2 How much is the m in im u m fare fo r a taxi in your city?
3 W hat’s the m axim um num ber of passengers a taxi can usually take?
4 Do taxis in your city always use a m eter? W hat about in oth e r cities you know?
5 Do you usually ask the d rive r to keep the change?
6 Do you ever ask for a receipt at the end of a journey?
b * Ü D Listen to check. Q

Ask and answ er the questions to g e th e r Find out more.

The last tim e I got a taxi at a


taxi rank v/as two weeks ago.
Really? Where was that?

It was outside the tra in


^ station. It was raining and ...

34
itoo journeys
1LISTENING • i E D Listen to Tcny’s conversations w ith tw o passengers, firs t Nicola and then Dan.

1 Who wants to go to:


a a bank? b a hotel? c the airport?
2 Who asks Ton/:
a fo ra re c e io t? b to w ait? c how much the journey w ill cost?
a Can you rem em ber if these sentences are tru e o r false?
1 It's Nicola's first tim e in Canada.
2 She w ants to go to a hotel.
3 Dan goes to the bank to get some money.
Tony is a t am driver in U He's going on a business trip.
Vancouver, Canada 5 It costs more than $30 from the bank to the airport.

b*lED Listen again to check.

Do you ever chat w ith people you m eet in these situ a tio n s 0 W hat do you ta lk about?
in a taxi on a p la n e /b u s /tr a in w aiting fo r a bus shar ng a table in a cafe

VOCABULARY a Match w hat the passengers say 1-8 w ith the d riv e r's re plies a -h .
Getting a taxi The s ta rt of a journey
1 How m uch is it to the city centre? a The Park h n on Broadway, right?
2 Can you take Tie to the Park Inn? b I’ll do that for you.
3 I’d like to go to the a irp o rt, please. c ft’s usually about thirty, th irty -f ive
U Can I put my case in the back? dollars.
OK. Which term inal?

The end of a journey


5 Could you w ait here fo r five m inutes? e Thanks very m uch ... And here's
6 How much is t? yo u r change, fifteen dollars,
7 Just m ake it thirty-five dollars. f Well, OK, but can you pay me first?
8 And can I have a receipt, please? g Sure ... Here you are.
h T hirty-one fifty, please.
b Cover 1 -8 and lock at a -h . Can you re m e m b e r w hat the passengers say?

PRONUNCIATION 5 a M ark th e stressed sylla b le s in these sentences.


Sentence stress 1 How much is it to the city centre?
ard schwa h i 2 Can you take me to the Park Inn?
3 I’d like to go to the airport, please.
L Can I put my case in the back?
5 And can I have a receipt, please?

b R em em ber th a t words o r syllables w ith o u t stress often have a schwa h i sound.


M ark the h i so u rd s in th e sentences in 5a.
• • o 3 • • a
1 How much is it to the city centre?

c * CE> Listen and 'ead the scrip t on p146 to check. Q Pract se saying the sentences.

SPEAKING 6 a You’ re going to take a taxi. W ork alone and th in k about these quest/ons.
1 W here are you?
How much is it 2 Where do you w ant to go?
to Broad Street? 3 W hat's the reason fo r your journey?
U sually about U W hat w ill you chat about with the driver? (the w eather, the tra ffic, your jo b ...)
six dollars. b Take tu rn s to be the passenger and taxi driver. Have conversations w ith three parts:

the sta rt of your journey —» a short chat —» the end of your journey
OK. Can you take me to
the OSP building, please?
c Change pairs and have tw o m ore conversations.
^ ------------------------------------------

35
V Hack
4 .2 goals
describe past events
te ll a story

Melissa Plaut ic one of only 400 women among


New York's 40,000 taxi drivers. “I started hack
I' WB1.I M •«'
H lfH iu,),,,
driving a cab after losing my boring office
rf*nr«fauBitwi
* ,*«iai)#w* 'I
|
jo b,” says Melissa. "I didn’t want to work
in an office again, so I decided to get ir.y M£USSA

I
cab licence.” She started a blog about lier
experiences as a taxi driver, newyorkhack.
biogspot.com, which quickly became popular.
She's also written a book called Hack. In New
York, hack is slang for taxi, or taxi driver.

READING Read the inform ation about M elissa Plaut, a New Ycrk taxi driver.

1 How did Melissa become a taxi driver?


2 W here can you read about her experiences a s a driver?

a You’re going to read a tru e sto ry fro m M elissa's blog. Look at these w ords and
expressions fro m th e sto ry and guess w hat happened.

a Canadian man the a irp o rt a w a lle t credit card


phoned shopping fifty do lla rs laughed

b Read the story to check yo u r ideas.

w w w .n e w y o rk h a c k .b io g 5 p o t.c o m VC*.

During rush hour, a Canadian man and his teenage son g o t in th e cab a rd asked m e to take
them to La Guardia a irp o rt. They were going back to Canada. We had a nice conversation
to g e th e r and when they got out, th e y gave me a good tip .

When m y n e xt passenger g o t in, he handed me a w allet and said he found it on th e back


seat. I im m e d ia te ly knew it belonged to th e Canadian man. I t contained a d riving license and
a cre d it card, nothing m uch else.

Now, I liked th e Canadian guy, so I found th e 800 n u m b e r on the back of th e c re d it card and
phoned th e company. I explained w h a t happened and gave them m y number. A fte r ab o u t
h a lf an hour, th e Canadian guy called and asked me to go back to th e a irp o rt and re tu rn the
w allet. So I turn e d o ff m y cab light and I sta rte d fo r th e a irp o rt. Five o r six people trie d to
stop me as I was d rivin g through th e city, b u t I d id n 't stop. I was doing a good th in g !

Forty m inutes later, I arrived a t La Guardia. The guy was standing outside th e term inal
building and looking p re tty stressed. I gave back th e w allet and to ld him th a t I only did a
little shopping w ith his cre d it card! Just a jo ke . He was so happy, he ju s t laughed. "You're my
fa vo u rite New Yorker ever," he Seid. Then he handed me fifty dollars and ran back in to th e
airp o rt. The w hole th in g - plus the fifly dulldib! - le a lly m ade m y n ig lil.

Read the story again. A nsw er th e questions in groups.

1 Why do you th in k Melissa liked the Canadian man?


2 How did the Canadian man know M elissa’s phone num ber?
3 Why do you th in k the Canadian man was looking stressed M ien Melissa saw him?
U Why did the Canadian man laugh?
5 How did Melissa feel at the end of the story? - ~ ~ nk?

W hat do you th in k are the good and bad po in ts a n : -■ : r - z a taxi driver?

H
Talk together.

36
Telling * story
VOCABULARY 1 a Cover the blog. Use th e w ords in the box to com plete th e sentences fro m the story.
Linking a story 1 _____ rush hour, a Canadian man and his teenage son got in the cab and ...
2 m y next passenger got in, he handed me a w a lle t and ...
A fte r as During 3 ______about half an hour, the Canadian guy called and ...
la te r Then When 4 Five or six people trie d to stop me _ I was driving through the city, b u t...
5 Forty m in u te s , I arrived at La Guardia. The guy was ...
6 "You're my favourite New Yorker ever," he said. he handed me fifty
d o lla rs a n d ...

b Look at th e story again to check.


2 Cover the story. In pairs, te ll the w hole sto ry using th e sentences in 1a fo r help.

GRAMMAR 3 a Look at the beginning of M elissa’s story. Then choose a o r b. past sjm p^e
Past progressive

... a Canadian man and his teenage son g o t in th e cab and asked m e to
ta ke th e m to La Guardia a irp o rt. They were going back to Canada.

.... . ^ past progressive


When Melissa met the Canadian man and his son:
a th e ir journey to Canada was finished.
b they were in the m iddle of th e ir journey to Canada.
b ffir c le )the co rre ct words.

1 Use the past simple /.progressive to ta lk about a finished action.


2 Use the past sim ple./ progressive to say an action was in progress in the past.

a Com plete the sentences w ith was, w ere, w asn't, w e re n 't.

was / w ere + -ing

© W hat he doing? © ______ they going back to Canada?


O He w as standing outside the te rm in a l. G Yes, they were.
©He . looking very happy. O No, they _

b♦C O Listen to check. Q Do we say was and w ere w ith a schwa f a ! in:

a questions and positive sentences, or


b negative sentences and short answers?
5 a Look at three pictures fro m the s ta rt of a story. Use the best fo rm , the past sim ple
o r th e past progressive, to com plete the paragraph.

The Ten-D ollar B ill


One sunny morning a man 1 (w alk) through the city on his way to work,
lie 2 (w ear) a smart suit and tie a n d 3 . (talk) on his phone. Suddenly, the
s u n 4_ (go) in and i t 5___ (start) raining heavily. T h e man 6______ (see) a taxi
and7 (start) running towards it. As h e 8 (run), a $10 b ill9 (fall)
from his pocket onto the ground, but he didn't notice. He 10 . (get) into the cab,
11 (shut) the door, and the cab 12 __ (drive) away.
G ra m m a r re fe re n c e
an d p ra c tic e , p 1 3 4 b• I D Listen to check. O
SPEAKING 6 a In pairs, look at the pictu re s fro m th e rest of the sto ry on p123. Plan how to te ll the
rest of th e story. Think about how to do these things.

• describe the events in the story • lin k the events together


• describe people, places and the w eather • add extra inform ation

b P ractise te llin g yo u r sto ry to g e th e r

7 Listen to each other's stories. W hat are th e differences between them ?


Target activity
4 .3 goals
Tell stories about © describe past events
i te ll a tra ve l anecdote
memorable meetings

TASK LISTENING 1 a The people in the pictu re s have ju s t m et each other. Where are they? Do you th in k
th e y're havirg a good tim e together?

b « CO Listen to Osman's and Annie's sto rie s. Check your ideas.

2 a W hich sentence in each p a ir is about Osman and Bernd? W hich is about Annie and
Lukas?

1 a They met in Germany. b They m et in France.


2 a They were going to the US on business. b They had French lessons together
3 a They met one o r two years ago. b They m et a long tim e ago.
4 a They met a few tim es. b They only m et once.
5 a They’rs not in contact now. b Now they're pen friends.
bf CO Listen again to check,

TASK a Make sentences fo r s ta rtin g a story.


VOCABULARY
S tarting a story

1 I was • a fo r a little restaurant. 6 I was fo ra train,


2 I was living b in France. 7 It was in a shop,
3 I was looking c in Frankfurt. 8 I was w orking summ er,
4 I was on my way d my brother 9 I was tra v e llin g to the USA.
5 I was visiting e to a conference. 10 I was w aiting w ith tw o friends.

b Look at 1-10 again. Think of more ways to com plete each sentence.

4 a T hink of a tin e in your life when you m et someone interesting. Think about
these questions.

1 W here were you? When was it?


2 What were you doing?
3 What was the person like?
4 What did you ta lk about?
5 Did you spend much tim e together?
6 Are you ir> contact now?

b Tei( each other about the people you met.


Keyword bach
v e rb s w ith back 3 a Com plete the questions w ith the w ords and
expressions in the box.
1 a Read the sentences. How do th e tw o highlignted
expressions d iffe r in meaning? a shop car home how quickly old
lh£43e*i-da7' travelled w ardrobe
a I ' d l i k e t o go Co t h e a i r p o r t , p l e a s e , oait «
b The C an ad ian guy c a l l e d and a s k e d me to go 1 Have you ever flow n tc a different country and
b a c k t o th e a i r p o r t , oait « come back the next dev?
2 Have you ever been back to yo u r school
b Add back to the co rre ct place in each sentence. o r college?
3 When someone texts y o u , do you te xt
1 Could you wait? I'll be in five minutes,
them back? What about em ails?
unit 4
2 . » a C an ad ian man and h i e son w ere g o in g t o
A When was the last tim e you took som ething
Canada, ornt 4 back t o ? W hat was it?
3 I g a v e t h e w a l l e t and t o l d him I o n ly d id a 5 What's the firs t thing you do when you get
l i t t l e sh o p p in g ! c a it 4 back a fte r a day at w o rk o r college?
4 He handed me f i f t y d o l l a r s and r a n i n t o th e
6 Do you know anyone v/ho's on th e back
a i r p o r t , unit 4
of an elephant?
7 Have you ever spent the night on the back seat
back (opposite of front) of a ?
2 Which highlighted expressions re fe r to: 8 What things do you keep in the back of your
?
a a motorbike? b a car? c a credit card?
b Ask and answ er th e questions together.
1 Can I p u t my c a s e in th e b a c k ? wait 4
2 He handed me a w a l l e t and s a i d he
fou nd i t on t h e b a c k s e a t , onit 4
3 I fo u n d th e number on th e b a c k and
phoned th e company, unit 4
4 I r e a l l y w anted t o r i d e i t , n o t s i t
on th e b a c k ! unit 1

Independent learning

a * 1 E > Listen to three people ta lk in g about how they learn languages outside
the classroom . Which th in g s A -E does each person ta lk about?
i I E > How do they use th e things in the pictures? Listen again and m ake notes.

A strid - read ch ild re n ’s books

c What do you th in k about th e ir ideas? Why? Talk together.

Can you th in k of m ore ways of learning English outside the classroom ? Make a
list of you r ideas. Think about liste n in g , speaking, reading and w ritin g .

Compare w ith the lis t on p123.

Talk together. W hich of the ideas fo r learning outside the classroom :

1 do you do now? 2 do you like / not like? 3 w ould you like to try?
Speaking Goals
show interest in a conversation
„ develop a 'IQCwersatUm by asking questions and
giving longer answers

1 a • ß D Listen to a conversation between Tony and Valerie

1 Why's Valerie in Vancouver?


2 What does she do? valerie Good morning, can you
take me to the Holiday Inn,
b Do you th in k they have a frie n d ly conversation? Why? / Why not? please?
tony Sure Which one?
2 Read the conversation.
valerie The one on Broadway, please
1 How many questions does Tony ask?
tony So, what brings you to
2 Which h ighlighted expressions in the text are used:
Vancouver?
a to show interest? S o ...
vALiRiE I have some old friends
b to add extra inform ation? A ctu a lly,...
here. Actually. m m i& a L
3 U nderline the extra inform ation Valerie gives in h e r answers.
univeisity together
3 a In pairs, w rite the next five lines of Valerie and Tony’s conversation. tony So it's not your first time here?
valerie Oh. no. I visit every three or
b Compare your conversations w ith another pair. Were your ideas the
four months.
same o r d ifferent?
tony Right. So you like it here?
valerie Yes. In fact, I’d really like to
4 a Think of fo u r questions fo r s ta rtin g a conversation. Use the
live here
expressions in A below o r yo u r own ideas.
tony Oh, yeah? Where do you live?
b In A /B
pairs, use yo u r questions to sta rt conversations. valerie In Montreal. Well actually, I’ve
Then continue the conversations. got a small business there.
tony Really? What do you do?
A Are you interested in ... ? Do you like ... ? valerie I own a couple of restaurants
W hat’s your favourite ... ? Have you seen ... ?
Have you ever been to ... ? Where do you ... ?
Are you going to ... ? Have you g o t... ? Do you like football?

B A nsw er the question. Give some extra inform ation. f Yes. Actually, I play fo r a team at w o rk ^ ]

A Listen carefully to what your partner says. Ask another question. ( So where do you play?

Tell a n o th e r p a rtn e r about th e conversations you had.

1 W hat did you ta lk about?


2 W hat was your m ost interesting conversation?
Look again O
Review Extension
VOCABULARY Getting a ta x i SPELLING AND SOUNDS gh

1 a Put the w ords in 1-8 in th e co rre ct order. L a * d ) gh is usually silent. Listen, then say the
words.
1 is centre much it city How the to ?
2 you Can the take Park Inn to me ? rig h t night frightening eight neighbours
3 like to station to the please I’d go . bought through straight
suitcases the I my put in Can back ?
b • J E ) Ina few w ords, gh is pronounced / f / or /g /.
five Could fo r m inutes here you w ait ?
Listen, then say th e words.
it much is How ?
Just th irty it make d o lla rs . /f/ enough laugh
Can a have receipt I please ? /g / yoghurt spaghetti

b In pairs, take tu rn s to say 1-8 and th in k of answers. C * C D S pellcheck. Close yo u r book. Listen to ten
w ords w ith gh and w rite th e m down.
GRAMMAR The past progressive d Look at the s c rip t on p147 to check yo u r sp elling.
2 a Choose a tim e fro m yesterday. Make sure you a ll
choose a d iffe re n t tim e. NOTICE fin d

b Find out w h a t d iffe re n t people w ere doing at the 5 a Look at the sentences from th is unit. Which
tim e you chose. Make notes. highlighted expression describes a feeling o r an
opinion? W hich describe an action?
^What were you doing at 9.30 in the evening?
1 ... when my next passenger got in, he handed
js
Hm ... I th in k I was having a shower. me a w a lle t and said he found it on the back
seat.
c Choose one of th e people in yo u r class. 2 I liked the Canadian guy, so I found the
Make sure you a ll choose a d iffe re n t person. num ber on the back of the credit card and
d Find out fro m the others w h a t your person did phoned the company.
yesterday. Make notes. 3 When I was learning French ... I liked reading
ch ild re n ’s books. I found it very use fu l
What can you te ll me about Jakub? because the sentences are very sim ple.

«T)
Well, at 9.30 pm he was having a shower. b Ask and answ er the questions in groups.
1 Have you ever found som ething on the street,
e In groups, te ll each o th e r w hat yo u r people did in a taxi, etc.? What was it? What did you do?
yesterday. Who had th e m ost in te re stin g day? 2 What was the last thing you lost? Did you ever
find it?
In the m orning, Jakub drove to w ork. 3 W hat situations o r things do you find:
He had a m eeting and ... stressful? boring? fascinating? te rrifying?
funny? inconvenient?

CAN YOU REMEMBER? U n it 3 - O rdering a m eal t


I find tra ve llin g stressful.
Why? I usually find
3 a Complete the re sta u ra n t conversation. it really interesting.
WAITER Hi. aie you 1_ . to order? ------------------------- s r 7
CUSTOMER Yes. What’s the soup of the 2_ ......
WAITER It's vegetable soup3 fresh herbs.
S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
CUSTOMER That sounds nice. I'll* that ar.d the fish, Can you do these th in g s in English?{£ircllf)a n u m ber
please. on each lin e . 1 = I can’t do this, 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
WAITER All right. And for you, sir?
@ use a faxi
CUSTOMER 5 I have the green salad to start and
© t e lla story
then the steak?
© te ll a tra ve l anecdote
WAITER Yes, and4______ would you like your steak?
scribe past events
CUSTOMER 1 please.
WAITER And can 1 • you something to drink? ® show in te re st in la conversation

CUSTOMER Can we have a bottle9 water, please? Q develop a conversation by asking questions
and giving longer answers
WAITER Of course 10______ or still?
CUSTOMER Still, please. • For Wordcards, reference and saving your work » e-Portfolio
WAITER OK, thanks very much. • For more practice » Self-study Pack, Unit 4

b Practise in groups of three. Change the food and


drin k to m ake new conversations.
5.1 goals
change money
understand instructions on a cash machine
■ pay fo r thincs in diffe re n t places

Money
Money matters

VOCABULARY 1 a Read the questions. Match th e h ighlighted w ords and expressions w ith th e th ing s in
Money pictu re s A-F.
1 How many d ifferent coins and notes are there in your country? What pictures do
they have on them ?
2 How often do you use a cash machine or go into a bank? What do you do at each place ]
3 When yot go shopping, how do you prefer to pay? (in cash7 by card? another way?)
4 How do you usually pay b ills? Do you ever use the Internet fo r paying bills,
banking or shopping?

Listen to check. Q

2 Ask and answer the questions together.

•d Thiago’s flyin g fro m France to Scotland. Before his flig h t, he changes some
m oney in the a irp o rt. Listen to Thiago's conversation.

1 How much money does he change?


2 How much does he get?

a Match the questions and answ ers. Which questions does Thiago ask? W hich does
th e assistant ask?

1 Do you have Scottish pounds?


2 Can I change these euros, please?
3 That's a hundred and eighty euros, yes?
U Sorry, do you have any s m a lle r notes?

b*d Listen again to check.

SPEAKING a How many d iffe re n t currencies can you th in k of? euros, pounds...

b You’re going to change money at a bureau de change. Decide:

• which currency you w ant to change, and how much


• which currency you w ant to get
c Have conversations in d iffe re n t pairs. Take tu rn s to be the cu sto m e r and assistant.

READING Thiago uses a cash m achine in Glasgow, Scotland.


Put th e screens A -E on p43 in order. Then answ er
the questions.

1 W hich buttons on screen A, 1-6, can you press if you


w ant to:
a get some money?
b change your PIN number?
c know how m uch money you have?

u
2 Find worcs or expressions in screens A-E that mean:
a choose b question c how much

42
w iB llÄ H M /d L l
11rsceipi no 1tre u * 1
Please take your cash and receipt
[D ftlO fX » enq uiry b a la n c e enquiry 1
itu-eip». ___ no j

|P W ch a n g e PIN r+vVirK 1
____ n o f a x 'C ir I

faease enter
Ptease takeytmr card
tu-A Identification Number

ENTER

ce?
LISTENING Listen to three conversations w ith
pi
Thiago in Glasgow. In each conversation:

a Where is he?
1 a bus station 3 a shop
2 a museum U a restaurant
b Does he pay in cash o r by card?
2 Listen again and com plete the in fo rm a tio n.

Conversation 7 Thiago buys some . They c o s t.


The assistant asks him if he’d like a _____
Conversation 2 The w aitress asks Thiago to type in his PIN and press
S h e g iv e s h im a
Conversation 3 The receptionist asks to see a His ticke t costs
He pays w ith a £ note.
VOCABULARY a W hich of these questions does Thiago ask?
Paying fo r things 1 Anything else? 6 How w ould you like to pay?
2 How much J s that? 7 Do you take cards?
3 C a n J pay by card? 8 Canw l see your student card?
k Would you like^a bag? 9 Do you have^anything sm aller?
5 Could I have the bill?

b Think of ways to answ er a ll the questions. Then compare yo u r ideas w ith the s crip t
on p147.

PRONUNCIATION *D Listen to questions 1-9. Notice how consonant and vow el sounds Jink M .
Linking Does a consonant o r a vow el come:
consonants and 1 at the end o; the firs t word? 2 at the sta rt of the next word?
vowels 1
In pairs, practise asking the questions and giving different answ ers. ©
-
SPEAKING a W ork in A /B pai-s.
A, look at your role cards on p123.
Hello, can I help you? B, look at your role cards on p i 29.
Yes, do you have ... b Have two conversations.

43
5 .2 goal
Microcredii ta lk about rules and obligations

READING Why do people borrow money fro m banks? Make a lis t of reasons.

to buy a hom e...


Com plete the sentences w ith these w ords.

credit interest a loan repaym ents

1 I borrowed some money from the bank. -> I g o t / from the bank.
2 Now I pay money to the bank every month. - » I make _ every month.
3 Borrowing the money costs seven percent a year. I pay seven percent
a year.

3 a W hat do you th in k m icrocredit is? Is it cre d it for:


1 people w ithout m uch money?
2 buying com puter software?
3 the education of children?

b Read the a rticle to check.

A new kind of b a n k in g ?
♦ ,r< 1 9 7 6 . M u h a m m e d Vunus. a B angladeshi p ro fe s s o r o f
econ o m ics, s ta rte d G ram een Bank. G ra m e e n gives sm all
loans - usually no m o re th a n U S $ 1 0 0 - to v e ry p o o r people
w ho c a n 't g e t c re d it fro m n o rm a l banks. T his kind of c re d it is
called m ic ro c re d it.
♦ M o s t of G ra m e e n ’s c u s to m e rs live in villages in th e if f e
B angladeshi c o u n try s id e . 9 7 p e rc e n t of th e m a re w o m e n . They \
use th e c re d it to s t a r t sm a ll businesses and m ake m oney fo r J
th e ir fa m ilie s. F or exam ple, th e y m ake fu rn itu re , re p a ir c lo th e s, o r
buy an im a te lo r milk.
♦ C u s to m e rs usually have to m ake re p a y m e n ts every w e e k fo r tw e lve m o n th s.
They pay a b o u t 1 6 p e re a n t in le re b l a year. G ram een aaya th a t 9 8 p e rc e n t u f iLs
all th e ir re p a ym e n ts.
♦ People w ho w a n t a loan fro m G ram een have to m a te g ro u p s o f five people, called !o>an c ircle s
The people in th e c irc le m e e t re g u la rly to ta lk a b o u t th e ir ideas a n d help each other, if so m e o ne
in th e g ro u p d o e s n ’t m ake their- repsyn»entB. n o one in th e g ro u p ca n g e t c re d it in th e fu tu re .
However, if everyone m akes the«r re p a ym e nts, th e y c a n g e t b ig g e r loans
♦ In 2 0 0 7 , G ram een B ank had o v e r seven million c u s to m e rs in ^ a r t y eighty tn o u sa n d wtiafles. Tftty’e
a re now m o re th a fl seven th o u sa n d ocher m ic ro c re d it o rg a n isa tio n s Around vvnrld inducting «1
Europe and th e U nited S tates.
■+ Profe'sscir Vunus rand G ro m s e n B ank w on the- Nobel P eace P rize in D e c e m b e r 9 0 0 6

U Read the a rticle again. What are these num bers in the text?

SPEAKING Talk together.

1 Why do you th in k m ost of Grameen’s custom ers are women?


2 Why do you th in k Professor Yunus got the Nobel Peace Prize? Do you th in k he
w as a good choice?

READING a You’ re going to find out about two


people w ho used m icro cre d it to sta rt
businesses. They m ake th e th in g s in
the pictures. What w ould you lik e to
find out? In pairs, w rite tw o questions

Where are the people from ?

"
b Try to find the answers to yo u r questions. S tudent A, read A lic e ’s story on this
page. S tudent B. read R ukm ani’s sto ry on p124.

o
^ h ttp://w w w .m icro cred itsum m it.ag/sto rles/a llce .htm

When Alice Pallewela g o t m a rrie d , she and h e r husband w ent to live


OWER SUCCESS STORIES in Yodagama, a tin y fa rm in g village in th e w est of Sri Lanka.
"M y husband w orks fo r th e governm ent, bu t his pay is n 't enough
fo r both of us," explains Alice. " I needed to make some money, so I
decided to sell sw eets. I'v e always loved sweets, and there w e re n 't
any sweet shops in Yodagama."
Alice started her business w ith a loan o f US$100. She makes a few
d iffe re n t kinds o f sw eets, all w ith local ingredients. She now em ploys
six young wom en, and her sw eets have an excellent reputation.

SPEAKING Tell each oth e r about A lice and Rukm ani. Whose sto ry do /ou find the most
interesting? Why?

You have t o ...


GRAMMAR
1 a Look at the g ram m ar table.(Circle)the c o rre ct expressions in sentences 1-4.
heve to, can
have to can

1 Grameen’s custom ers have t o / d o n ’t 3 They can / can't usually get credit from
have to make groups of five people. norm al banks.
2 They have t o / d o n 't have to be U They can / can’t get bigger loans if
women. they make a ll th e ir repayments.

. they have to be women? they get credit from norm al banks?


Yes, th e y _____ . Yes, th e y _____ .
No. th e y _____ . No, th e y ______.

b A nsw er the questions.

1 Which highlighted expression means that som ething is:


a possible? b not possible? c necessary? d not necessary?
2 Which highlighted expression has a s im ila r meaning to:
a need to? b don't need to?

c Com plete the questions and s h o rt answ ers in th e table w ith can, can't, do, don't.

2 « d Listen to sentences 1-A. Notice how we say can /k a n / and to /t a / w ith a


schwa h / . ©

3 W ork alone. Change these sentences so th e y're tru e fo r your country.

1 You can’t get m arried u n til you’re 21.


2 You can't drink alcohol.
3 Everyone over 18 has to vote.
4 You don’t have to serve in the army.
5 You have to go to school u n til you’re 17.
6 You can drive a car when you’re 15.
G ra m m a r re fe re n c e 7 You don’t have to ca rry an ID card.
and p ra c tic c , p i 3 5
8 You can smoke when you’re 16.

SPEAKING Compare your sentences in groups. Then ask and answ er the questions.

1 If you’re from the same country, do you agree?


I've heard that in the
US, you can drive when 2 Are there any law s you'd like to change? Why? How w o jld you change them?
3 What do you know about laws in o th e r countries?
you re rou'teen.
Yes, but not
2/
everywhere.
45
Target activity
5 .3 goals
Give advice to a visitor : ta lk about rules and obligations
© give advice

TASK LISTENING 1 a Look at the pictures and read the


situations. V/hich things, 1-6, do you th in k
you should do? W hich th in g s s h o u ld n 't you do?

Visiting a hom e in Canada Having a hot spring bath in Japan


1 before the visit, ask if you can bring something 4 wash yourself before you get into the w ater
2 take a g ift to the hosts 5 get out of the w a te r from tim e to tim e and rest
3 w ear shoes in th e ir home 6 m ake a lot of noise

b*«£> L iste r to Megan and Yukio


and check your ideas. Do you find
any of the rules su rp risin g ?

TASK W hat advice did Megan and


VOCABULARY Yukio give? Match 1-7 w ith a -g .
Giving advice Yukio from Japan

1 You should probably ask your shoes inside.


ahead of tim e if you can bring something w ith you.
2 Maybe you can bring a too long.
3 Don't wear o ff a ll the soap, so you are really clean,
4 You have to wash a lot of noise,
5 A fte r that, you can get into the hot sp'ing.
6 The w ater's quite hot, so you bottle of wine, o r maybe some flow ers,
shouldn't stay in it som ethinc like that.
7 You can': make

a Choose three th in g s th a t are use fu l to te ll a v is ito r about yo u r country. Use these


o r your own ideas.

• visiting a religious building, e.g. a church, a mosque, a tem ple ...


• using a library, public tra n sp o rt, ski s lo p e s ,...
• going to a wedding, someone's house for dinner, a ‘e s ta u ra n t,...

b You're going to te ll someone about the three th in g s. Think about the advice you
w a n t to give.
When you go to
a mosque, there You have t o ... You c a n 't... You should p ro b a b ly... Don’t ...
are a few rules. c Listen to each o th e r's ac/vice and ask questions to find out m ore. If you're from the
You have t o ... sam e country, do you agree?
V -------------------------

46
Keyword it
Three uses of it E xpressions w ith it
1 a Read the in fo rm a tio n and answ er the questions. 2 a Complete th e conversations w ith expressions
fro m the box. » d Then listen to check. Q
You can use it to talk about:
A things, places and ideas you've mentioned Don't w o rry about it I’ll think about it
already.
It depends itxlo e & n 't roaHf-m a tte r
The w a t e r 's q u i t e h o t so you s h o u l d n 't s t a y It's up to you T hat’s it
i n i t to o lo n g .
1 When can we meet? Tomorrow? Sunday?
a
B times and dates. b It doesn’t re a lly m atte r . I'm free a ll
I t was J u l y and 1 was lo o k in g fo rw a rd t o my weekend.
h o lid a y .
2 a I’m sorry I'm late! Where’s the meeting?

C the w eather and tem perature. b ______ . The meeting hasn't started yet.
r t was r e a l l y n i c e w e a th e r s o you c o u ld e a t 3 a Do you like parties?
i o u t s id e . b ________ . Generally yes, but not when there

are too many people.


1 What does it re fe r to in sentence A?
U a Do you w ant to come to the cinema tonight?
2 C3n you th in k of five m ore expressions to
b Mm, I'm not sure I have tim e ._______, OK?
replace the underlined words?
5 a Have we got any food at home?
a tim es and dates: It was 1998. my birthday
b Not really ... we've got some m ilk in the
b the w eather: It was rainy, hot and sunny
frid g e . .
b You’re going to ta lk about an im p o rta n t day from 6 a What tim e do I have tc sta rt work?
your life. Think about these questions. b ______. But you have to be here eight hours

a day.
When was it? What happened? Why was it important?
What was the weather like? How did you feel? b W ork in pairs. Take tu rn s to sta rt conversations
1 -6 and re m e m b e r the responses.
c Tell each o th e r about yo u r im p o rta n t days.
Ask questions to find out more.
...

It was a sum m er day in 2005. It was im portant


because it was the day I got m arried!
----------------------------------------------------

Across cultures
Complete the statem ents w ith verbs fro m the box.

I borrow cost give earn lend pay (x3)

1 If you need a big loan, you s h o u ld from your fa m ily if you can.
2 If y o u money to a friend, you shouldn't ask fo r interest.
3 Parents s h o u ld som e money to th e ir children every week.
U Adults who live w ith th e ir parents s h o u ld rent.
5 You shouldn't ta lk about how m uch y o u .
6 You shouldn’t ask people how m uch th e ir h o m e ______.
7 If a man and a woman go to a cafe, the man should a lw a y s the b ill.
8 It you invite tne n d s to a restaurant, you should to r a ll the tood and drink.
Listen to Hayley and John. W hich statem ent, 1-8, do they ta lk about?

*d Listen again. Who agrees w ith the statem ent? Who disagrees w ith it?
Why?

Read th e scrip t on p U 8 to check.

Think about these questions. Then ask and answ er them together.

1 What do you th in k about statem ents 1-8? Why?


2 Where you live, w hat do most people th in k 0 Do they have the same
ideas as you?
3 What do people th in k in o th e r regions o r countries th a t you know?
Writing Goal
1 a Im agine you're going to v is it a frie n d who lives in w rite an em ail o r le tte r giving advice to a visito r

ano th e r country. W hat th in g s w ould you ask your


frie n d about before you go? Make a list.
the weather, c lo th e s ...
b Read Thiago's em ail to Chris, who lives and w orks in
Cairo. Which things on your list does he ask about?

f i.ri
I CraK»
Chris,
Mf« Wdr*
Hello from sunny Glasgow! Is it still OK for me to stay
with you in Cairo for a few days? I’m arriving at Cairo
International next Thurs (19th) at 18.55 (flight KL0549).

How’s the weather there? What clothes should I bring?


Also, is it a good idea to change some money here or Thiago is planning to visit his friend Chris in Cairo.
can I get some when I arrive?
Having a great time here in Scotland. Hope to see you
a Cover th e em ails. Can you re m e m b e r Thiago s
questions and C hris’s advice?
soon. Take care,
A sking fo r advice
Thiago
1 W h a t... should I bring?
2 Is it a good idea to change ... ?
Giving advice
2 Read C hris's reply. Does he answ er a ll Thiago's
3 You’ll have to find your way to ...
questions?
4 R em em ber to agree on ...
5 Make sure you bring plenty of ...
© 8 ft 9 ö
Dcktl e«ply RMtyAfl f-o n n rti T rk *
6 You’ll need to cover your ...
7 It's a good idea to change ...
8 D on't fo rg e t to bring a ...
Hi T h ia g o ,

O f c o u rs e i t ’s s till O K , n o p ro b le m . R e a lly lo o k in g
b Read the e m a ils again to check.
fo r w a rd to s e e in g y o u !
Com plete the senterces. Use the w ords in
I’m w o r k in g w h e n y o u a r riv e , s o I c a n ’t m e e t y o u a t th e (brackets) and d ifferent expressions fro m 3a.
a irp o rt, s o rry . Y ou’ll h a v e to fin d y o u r w a y to m / fla t.
Take a ta x i b u t re m e m b e r to a g re e o n a p ric e fir s t. It 1 There are lots of insects so ... (buy / insect spray)
s h o u ld b e a b o u t t h ir t y p o u n d s (E g y p tia n ). I th in k y o u ’v e 2 You can’t get into the country w ith o u t the right
g o t th e a d d re s s o f m y fla t, rig h t? I’ll be a t h o m e b y th e visa so ... (get / tourist visa)
tim e y o u a r riv e . The m useum s have discounts fo r students, so
... (bring / student card)
It’s p r e tty h o t h e re , s o m a k e s u re y o u b r in g p le n ty o f lig h t
The w eather here’s freezing, so ... (pack / w arm
c lo th e s . You’ll n e e d t o c o v e r y o u r a rm s a n d le g s in s o m e
clothes)
p a rts o f th e c ity , so tro u s e rs a n d lo n g -s le e v e d s h irts are
It's a really long train journey, so ... (bring /
g o o d . A ls o , y e s , i t ’s a g o o d id e a to c h a n g e s o m e m o n e y
good book)
b e fo re y o u c o m e . Y ou’re a r r iv in g T h u rs d a y e v e n in g a n d it
can be d if f ic u lt t o c h a n g e m o n e y o n F rid a y s here. A b o u t a a Plan an em ail o r le tte r to a frie n d w ho's going to
h u n d re d E g y p tia n p o u n d s s h o u ld d o it. v is it you.
A n o th e r th in g Is, d o n ’t fo r g e t t o b r in g a g u id e b c o k ! I’ve Which topics do you want to ta lk about? Use
o n ly h p p n h e re a c o u p le o f m o n th s a n d d o n ’t k n o w th e this libl and yuui own idedb.
c ity v e r y w e ll y e t, s o I’m h o p in g w e c a n e x p lo re th e c ity the w eather clothes money tra n sp ort
to g e th e r.
where to meet ohone num bers
T h a t’s e v e r y th in g , I th in k . I f y o u h a v e a n y p ro b le m s , 2 W hat do you want to say about each topic?
g iv e m e a c a ll o n m y m o b ile ( + 2 0 1 2 5 3 0 95 4 9 ). See y o u 3 How many paragraphs w ill you w rite?
a t m y p la c e o n T h u rs d a y n ig h t! 4 W hat w ill you say in each paragraph?
C h ris 5 How w ill you star, and finish your em ail or letter?

b W rite your e m a il o r letter. W rite about 100 words.

Read each o th e r’s em ails o r le tte rs . Is there


anything else you'd like to know about? Ask
questions to find out.
Look again O

Review Extension
GRAMMAR can, have to SPELLING AND SOUNDS -(/on, -ss/on, -cian

In pairs, decide on th e ru le s fo r a lib ra ry. a * u f You say the endings -tion, -ssion, -cian in the
Complete th e sentences w ith : can, can’t, have to same way, /Jan/. Listen and say the words. Notice
o r don't have to. how the stress always goes before the ending.
« § •
1 You pay to join the library. conversation expression musician
2 You _ __ borrow more than six books.
b P ractise saying these words w ith the correct
3 You _ __ keep books fo r up to three weeks.
sound and stress.
4 You pay a fine if you keep books too long.
5 Y ou__ _ borrow dictionaries. politician station discussion reception
6 You__ keep quiet in the library. electrician pronunciation

b Work alone. Think of th e ru le s and advice fo r tw o c * E D Spellcheck. Close your books. Listen to ten
places. Use can, can’t, have to o r d o n 't have to. w o rd s and w rite them down.

c In groups, liste n to th e ru le s and advice. Can you d Look at the s c rip t on p148 to check yo u r spelling.
guess the places?
NOTICE Vague language
Usually you don’t have to buy a ticket.
You can bring your own food. You a W hat can you re m e m b e r about the Grameen
shouldn't leave any rubbish ... Is it a perk? bank? Com plete th e sentences w ith th e num bers.
^ --------------------------------------------
seven thousand seven m illion
VOCABULARY Giving advice 16 eighty thousand 100

a W ork in pairs. For each situation, th in k of advice 1 Grameen gives s m a ll loans - usually no m ore
fo r a frie n d . Use yo u r own ideas. than US$ .
2 They pay about __ percent interest a year.
1 I'm going on holiday to Paris but I don’t speak 3 In 2007, Grameen Bank had over
any French. custom ers in nearly villages.
2 My m anager w ants me to w o rk th is weekend 4 There are now m ore th a n oth e r
but frie n d s are coming to stay w ith me. m icrocredit organisations around the w orld.
3 I promised to meet a friend tonight but I feel
too tired now. b Look at the a rtic le on p44 to check.
4 I r e a lly w o n t t o s to p s m o k in g b u t I c a n 't . c « Q D Listen to eight questions and w rite down
b Listen to each o th e r's advice. Who has the best yo u r answ ers - but don't w rite them in order. Use
ideas? the expressions in 5a. No more than three.

d Look at each o th e r's answers. Can you guess


We’d te ll o u r friend: You should ta lk to
your manager. Explain that your frie n d s ... w hat they mean? Ask questions to find out m ore.

OK. ‘No more than three’ ... is that


CAN YOU REMEMBER? U n it 4 - Getting a ta x i how much tea o r coffee you drink?
--------------------
3 a Match the sentences 1-6 w ith th e responses a -f.

1 How much is it to the city centre?


2 Can you take me to the Park Inn?
3 Could you w a it here fo r five m inutes? I just S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
have to aet some papers.
Can you do these th in g s in E nglish?{| ir c l^ a n u m b e r
4 T h e R o y a l B a n k o n H o w e S t r e e t , p le a s e .
on each lin e . 1 = 1ca n 't do this, 5 = I c an do th is w e ll.
5 Just make it th irtv -fiv e d o lla rs .
6 And can I have a receipt, please? - change money
i in stru ctio n s on a cash machine
a Sure ... here you are. Have a safe trip now.
a pay f$>r things in diffe re n t places k b i ^ h
b OK.
i-fcw M lb out ru le s and obligations
c Thanks very much ... And here’s your change,
a give advice
fifteen d o lla rs ,
w ritj» an e m ail o r le tte r giving advice to a
d The Park Inn on Broadway, right? visitor
e That depends on the tra ffic,
f W ell, OK. but can you pay me first? • For Wordcards, reference and saving your work e-Portfolk>
• For more practicc » SeW-study Pack, Unit 5
b Practise taxi conversations in pairs. Change the
underlined parts of the sentences in 3a.

49
6 ,1 goal
' ta lk about present habits

Energy
Burning calories

VOCABULARY 1 a W hat chores can you see in each picture?


Household
cle*aning the windows doing the cooking doing the dusting^
chores
doing the Voning making the bed doing the vacuuming

b *& D Listen to check. Q Can you th in k of m ore chores?

SPEAKING Talk to g e th e r
1 Who does the different chores in your home?
2 W hich chores do you like the most? Which don't /ou like? Why?

a W hich three chores in T do you th in k use the m ost energy?


b Read the fact file fro m a magazine to check your ideas.

calo ries an h o u r

Daily chores may do Vacuuming 320


270
Sw im m ing (2 0 metres a m inute)
you more good than W alking (5 kilom etres per hour) 260

going to the gym Cycling (1 0 kilom etres per hour)


Yoga
240
230

D oing the vacuuming m ay be a better way to keep


fit than swimming or cycling, according to new
Ironing
C ooking
203
180
research. This is great news for all o f us who don’t like M aking beds 180
going to the gym! Here's how som e household chores C leaning windows 150
compare to more traditional ways o f keeping fit. 150
Dusting

READING a Look at the photos showing tw o unusual ways to burn calories. What do you think
are the advantages of each way?
b Check your ideas in pairs. A. read the a rtic le about Manuel Pedro below. B, read
the a rtic le about Alex Gadsden on p124.

5ff
The treadmill
W hen M anuel Pedro's daughter looked at him one "A t first, I found it hard to type and w alk at the
morning and said "“W ow, you're fa t!", he knew il was same time. I got really stressed ond sometimes only
time to lose some weight. The trouble was, he didn't d id it once or twice a week. I also looked really
have time to d o any exercise. stupid in a shirt and tie on a treadmill. M y colleagues
"I work in an office all day and when I get home in thought it was really funny."
the evening, I generally just want to sit down and relax. However, soon Manuel got better at w orking while
At the weekend I normally do things with my kids, so I he walked, and started to feel healthier. After a w hile
t.l

|ust don't have time to go to the gym or go for a run." he was doing several hours' walking every morning.
However, one day, his w ife suggested buying a "I have a lot more energy now," says the office
treadmill and w alking on it w hile he worked. manager. "W hen I get to the office, I get straight on
"I thought she was crazy at first," he says. "But the freadmill and check my emails. I do three hours
then I thought, why not?" a day at the moment. Every week I do ten minutes'
So the forty-year-old bought a cheap .Veadmill and more w alking. I've lost a lot of weight. M y w ife can't
put it in the corner o f his office. He fixed his laptop to stop smiling."
it and began w alking and w orking at the same time.

a Read yo u r a rtic le again and answ er the questions about Manuel o r Alex.

1 Who had the idea?


2 How much time does he spend doing exercise at the moment?
3 W hat's his m orning routine now?
4 How has it changed his life?
b Ask and answ er the questions about each o th e r's a rticle s.

W hat do you th in k about the ideas in the a rticle s?

I tend t o ...
VOCABULARY 1 a W hich sentences from the a rtic le s are about Manuel? Which are about Alex?
Talking about 1 Then I generally have breakfast and a shower.
habits 2 He n o rm a lly cycles fo r 25 m inutes to wash the clothes.
3 A fte r a w hile he was doing several hours' w alking every m orn in g .
4 Every w eek I do ten m inutes’ more w alking.
5 I got really stressed and som etim es only did it once or twice a week.
6 I do th re e hours a day at the m om ent.
7 I tend to get up at around s ix -th irty now and get s tra ig h t on the cycle washer.
8 The 29-year-old now starts each day w ith a 45-m inute cycle ride.
b W hich highlighted w ords o r expressions fro m 1-8:

7 mean usually? (x3l


2 say how often you do things? (x3)
3 say how long or when you do thinqs? (x2)
2 W rite six sentences about yo u r habits - fo u r tru e , and tw o false. Use these topics
and y o u r own ideas.

• in the m orning • when you get up • in the evening


• a fte r your w ork/studies • before you go to sleep • meals, food and drink
• sports and exercise • household chores
SPEAKING 3 a Listen to each other's sentences. Can you guess w hich are false?
b Find out m ore about each o th e r s habits. Do you do th e same o r d iffe re n t things?
( ; \
I start each day w ith two A
OK, it’s false. W ell. I ...
o r three cups of coffee. But you don't
So w hat do you do
v -------------------------- like coffeef in the m orning?
------------------------ s r ' 51
ta lk about w eather
make comparisons

rente weather
VOCABULARY 1 a Read the w eather fact file. Find th e h ig h lig h te d words in the pictures.
W hat's the m ost su rp ris in g fa ct fo r you?
Weather

b Have you experienced these kinds of w eather? Wh ch ones occur in your


country or region?

Efc Ec* i/ m Fararttes Toots


Adürm» www.weaTbeTfacts.cwr /fa ttW e

Fact file: w eather


// A th u n d ersto rm c an have a s m uch energy a s fo u r d a y s’ u se o f e le ctricity for the w hole U M ted S t a t e s .
A ligh tn in g bolt h e a ts the a ir to about 3 0 ,0 0 0 °C. T h at’s hotter th an th e su rface o f th e *un.
A The ta lle st . a u f l s a r e cumulonimbus clou ds. F rom bottom to top, they c an be up to 10 hem high.
rt III 1 9 7 9 , a rainbow in North Wales la»Led for three hour*.
*■ The h e av ie st ra in w a s on th e islan d o f R eunion in th e In d ian Ocean: 1,828 mro tn 84 femurs.
* T h « fa s t e s t w in ds on e a rth a re in sid e a torn ad o. The w ind sp e e d in sid e one torn ad o i a Oklahoma.
USA w a s m ore tJian 4 8 0 kph.
V The w o rld 's la rg e st sn ow flake fell in 1887. It w a s 3 8 cm a c ro ss.
v The c o ld e st tem p eratu re e v e r recorded w a s -8 9 .2 C a t ll»e V ostok S tatio n in th e A n tarctic.
m L arge h ailsto n e s fall at sp e e d s fa ste r th an 3 50 kph. The h e a v ie st h ailston e fell in B a n g la d e sh in
1B86 It weighed I kg and w a s a s large a s a m elon.

LISTENING 2 a W hat probVems do you th in k people can have when the


w e a th e r’s re a lly ho\, o r re a lly cold?

b * Q D Listen to Jeevan and Vasily ta lk in g about the


w e a th er w here they live.
1 What kinds of w eather do they ta lk about?
2 Who talks about these things?
• afternoons • driving • a ir conditioning
• clothes * d rin ks • tem perature • tourists
3 a Can you rem em ber w h a t Jeevan and Vasily say about the
th in g s in 2b? Talk together.
b Listen again to check.

U W hat do you do when the w eather's re a lly hot o r cold?


Do you like th is kind oi w eather?
V a sily fro m M o sco w

52
I! isn't as cold a s...
GRAMMAR
1 a What are th e com paratives and su p e rla tive s of th e adjectives in th e table?
m paring
ngs One syllable Two syllables Two o r more Irre g u la r
ending in -y syllables

cold hot large heavy careful im portant good bad far

colder, the coldest


b Use w ords fro m 1a to com plete the sentences fro m th e ta lks and the fact file.

Com paratives and superlatives a s ... as...

You have to b e _____ on the roads. It weighed 1 kg and was as


T h a t's ______ than the surface of the sun. as a melon.
The hailstone fe ll in Bangladesh in 1986. It is n 't as as Siberia
The thing is to drink a lot.
. ........
c ifD Listen to check. O

2 Look at sentences 1-5. W hich h ighlighted expression(s) means:

a big difference? a s m a ll difference? exactly the same?

1 It’s usually -5 to -1 0 °C but it can get a lo t colder.


2 People prefer to go to much h o tte r countries.
3 You should be a b it more careful in the hot sun.
L Moscow is a lm ost as cold as Siberia.
5 H elsinki is just as cold as Moscow.
3 Com plete the paragraph about Pakistan w ith these adjectives in the c o rre c t fo rm .

Jar-ger big frightening hot cold (x2) heavy

When I w as little, I lived in Lahore in Pakistan. It’s


//////. the second * largest city in Pakistan alter Karachi.
Af-GHAWSTAN Pestafwat 'YYis weaft&ei Lahore swmmex.
• Islamabad
The 2 months are May, June and July, when
temperatures can rise to 40-45 "C. T h e 3 rainfall
is in July and August during the monsoon. The
Q uetta. £ j . 4_______months are December, January and February,
7 7 7 /7 // •'
but it doesn’t often g e t 5 than 9°C. What I
PAKISTAN
40‘ C remember most clearly is the hail. Hailstones almost

0 INDIA a s 6_______as tennis balls would hit our house. They


could break windows and damage cars. However, the
moments w ere the dust storms, when the sky
Hyderabad
G r a m m a r r e fe r e n c e turned black in the middle of the day.
a n d p r a c tic e , p 1 3 6

PRONUNCIATION U a When a w ord ends in -e r o r -est, the stress stays on the same syllable.
Words w ith -e r Say these words.
and -est hot -» h o tte r - » the hottest heavy -» he*avier —> the heaviest
b P ractise saying the com paratives and superlatives in 1a w ith the correct stress.

SPEAKING 5 a T hink about these th in g s in your co u n try o r a nother country you know. Make notes.
• clim ate and seasons • extreme w eather and storm s
-u b a i, the w ettest
• oceans o r seas • rivers and lakes • m ountains
—-n th s a re January
w : Feb'uary. w ettest - January and February
longest riv e r - the Nile
Actually, I th in k
it s ju st as wet b Compare your ideas in groups. If you’re fro m th e same country, do you agree?
in December.
k ^
Target activity
Do a survey ta lk about pre s e n t habits
m ake comparisons

< express preferences

S p o rts P lu s is p la n n in g to o p e n a
r e w fitn e s s c e n tre . T h e y 're d o in g a
s u rv e y o f lo c a l p e o p le ’s h a b its and
p re fe re n c e s .

TASK LISTENING Is th e re a fitness centre near w here you live? W hat can you do there? Do you ever
use it?

• E D Listen to the in te rvie w w ith Sally.

1 W hat does Sally th in k of th e fitness centre she visits?


2 How often does she go there?
3 How lo rg does she spend there?
U W hat does she usually do?
TASK a Can you rem ember w hat Sally says? Complete the sentences w ith words from the box.
VOCABULARY
a nicer pool fa cilitie s showers w om en-only classes changing room s pool
Expressing
preferences 1 The ’s OK, but it could be bigger.
2 I'd p re fe r . a s w ell.
3 The could definitely be better.
4 I do n 't m ind th e .
5 I'd much ra th e r have p riv a te .
6 I'd ra th e r h a v e than a sauna.

b %E D Listen again to check.

Cover the sentences and look at the things in th e box. Try to re m e m b e r w hat
Sally says.

a You decide it> open a new business. In groups, choose one of the fo llo w in g o r your
own idea.
• a fitness centre • a m usic shop • a cafe or restaurant • a m arket sta ll

b Before you open yo u r business, you w a n t to know about people's habits and
preferences. Design a questionnaire w ith six questions. Think about these things.

• the kind of p ro d u c ts /fa c ilitie s /s e rv ic e • location


How often do you go • hours • special features • other ideas
to a sports cen tre? Do you... ? W h e re ...? W hen...? Are you interested i n ... ? How o fte n ...?
Well, I go swimming How lo n g ... ? What do y o u ... ? Do you p re fe r... ?
once a week. Use yo u r questionnaire to in te rvie w people fro m o th e r groups. Talk to three
^
d iffe re n t people each.

a Go back to your group and com pare yo u r re s u lts . What kind o f service w ou ld m ost
people like?
b Tell the class about yo u r decisions.
EXPLORE

Keyword do
Put th e highlighted collocations w ith do into three groups:

a w o rk and studies b chores c sports and exercise

j 1 D oiag th e vacuum ing may b e a b e t t e r way t o keep f i t th a n swimming. unit 6


I 2 T h e se days we h ave t o do o u r jo b s an d co e x e r c i s e t o s t a y h e a l t h y ! toait «
3 I n y o u r home, who d o es th e fo o d sh o p p in g ? uoit 3
4 I h a te d d o in g exams and t e s t s : and s o or., unit 2
5 I ' v e done c o u r s e s i n m u sic , l o c a l h i s t o r y and S p a n is h , wilt 2
6 I do a l o t o f work i n t h e r a i n f o r e s t , in th e C e n t r a l Amazon, unit 2
7 When I was a t c o l l e g e , I d id a e r o b i c s , oait 1

a Make questions w ith th e collocations in 1.


Have you ever ... ? How often do you ... ? When was the last tim e you ... ?

Have you ever done yoga?

b Ask and answ er the questions together.


3 a Continue sentences f- 6 w ith a -f.
do *-a bit of/a lo t of/som e + a ctivity
1 I did a b it of singing when I was younger. I le ft my key in the door!
2 I'm doing a lot of reading at the m om ent. The cleaning, the ironing, all the chores.
3 When I'm stressed I do som e yoga, The exercise really calm s n e down.
do * som eth in g /a n yth in g /e ve ryth in g
4 I did som ething really stupid last week. I’m half-w ay through a 500-page book.
5 I did n ’t do anything last night. I was really into it.
6 I have to do everything when my wife is sway. I just came home and w ent lo bed.

b W rite th re e m ore sentences about w h a t you do.


I did a b it of karate when I was at school.

C In groups, read out your sentences. Ask questions to find out more.

Independent learning
Lock at the d ictio n ary e n try fo r routine. How do you say it?

b W o-k in pairs. How do you say these sounds? r o u tin e /ru: ti:n / noun th e things
lb ! HI /m l /0 / /s / / j/ /e / /i:/ hi M h :/ /o / th a t you do every day a t th e
same tim e : a daily ro u tin e
c Check w ith th e ch a rt on p159.

Match th e sym bols 1 -8 w ith the b/ghlighted sounds in w ords a -h .


1 /i:/\ a her
Use the ch a rt to help you.
2 w \ b stay
3 N \ c shopping
b *BD Listen to check. O
A M \ current
d
5 /eo / \ e best
3 a In pairs, read th e w o rd s 1-10.
6 /d3 / \ f energy
1 /d 3 im / 6 /'k lir .n ir j/ 7 /e ./ hair
\ 9
2 /'0A n.d a .sto :m / 7 /'re in .b s o / 3 H Vh free
3 /'s a ik lig / 8 /'v s e k .-u im ig /
A /tJ o :rz/ 9 /to i'n e i.d ^ o /
5 /k la o d z / 10 /'w o i. k iij/

Listen to check.
Speaking Goal
speak more p o lite ly by being less direct

1 * B D Listen to th re e conversations. Match them


w ith the pictures.

2 a You can be m ore p o lite by speaking less directly.


Which sentences are toss dire ct, a o r b?

1 a Would you mind answering sorre questions?


b Can you answer some questions?
2 a It could be better,
b It's bad.

b Look at the conversations. Find and underline


the expressions th a t are less d ire c t than these.
Requests Would you mind answering a few questions,
1 Can you answer a few questions? please? It won't take long.
2 Can you change this ten fo r me? SHEILA Er, yes, that's OK.
3 Can you te ll me a bit more? BILL Thank you. Are you happy with the fitness centre
Refusing requests generally?
4 No, I don't w ant to. SHEILA Erm, well, it could be better.
5 No, I don’t need anything. BILL Oh. I see Do you think you ooiM teU me a bit more?
Opiniurib SHEILA Well, to be honest, the pool isn't always very
6 The pool is dirty. clean. And the stall don’t seem very interested.
7 The staff a re n 't interested. BILL Oh dear. Well, I'll definitely tell the manager.
8 It’s boring.
9 I’m not interested in football.
o
Listen to check. Q ben Hi. 1 wonder if you could change this ten for me.
I need some coins for the ticket machine*
3 Make these expressions less d irect using the c lo dagh Sorry, but I'd rather not. People are always
w ords in (brackets). Then com pare your answ ers. asking me for change.
ben Oh
1 My parents are old-fashioned, (a bit)
c lo dagh Perhaps you’d like to buy something ?
My parents are a b it old-fashioned.
ben Erm, no, not really.
2 We re not hungry, (really)
3 Ronnie ar.d Clara are unhappy, (don't seem)
4 I hate bananas. (reaUy Vikel Q
5 G e o r g e is s t u p id s o m e t im e s , (c le v e r^
Ph il Here's your drink. Sony it took so long.
Ca t h e r in e So, what do you think of the game?
6 Can you w ait for five minutes? (Would you mind)
Ph il Umrit's a bit boring
7 Can you be quiet, please? (Do you think)
CATHERINE B O IU ig ?
8 Can you help me w ith my bags? (I w onder if)
p h il Wei), you know I’m not realty interested in
4 a i E D Listen to a phone conversation between fo o tb a ll.
Andre and Sue. Do you th in k it sounds polite? cath e r in e So should we go? The second half starts in two
minutes.
b Look at the s c rip t on p149. In pairs, w rite a m ore
p h il No. you stay here I’ll do some shopping, then
po lite version oi th e conversation. Practise it.
come back in an hour, OK?
C Listen to each o th e r's conversations. Do you th in k Ca t h e r in e Well, OK. See you later.
they sound polite?
Look again O

Review Extension
VOCABULARY W eather SPELLING AMD SOUNDS -able and -M e

1 a W ork in team s. Complete these w e a th e r words 4 a » G D T h ese two adjective endings sound the
w ith vowels. Who can fin is h firs t? same, /a b l/. Read and listen.

rn th n d rstrm Ightnng sn w flk trnd comfortable available possible sensible


rnbw btstn s wnd elds tm p rtr
b Com plete these w ords to make endings w ith -ib le
b How did you fe e l about d iffe re n t kinds of w eather o r -able.
w h e r you w ere a child?
te rr_ b le fashion... ble impos5__ble
When I was a child, I was afraid of lightning. horr ..._ble m em or_ble enjoy,_ble
c t E 9 S pellcheck. Close your book. Listen to ten
Really? I thought it was exciting.
w ords and w rite them down.
d Look at the s c rip t on p149 to check yo u r sp elling.
GRAMMAR Com paring th in g s

a Order the w ords in these questions. NOTICE A b breviations

1 life / in the past / Do you th in k / than / is easier 5 a Match these w ords w ith a b tre v ia tio n s fro m the
now ? w e a th e r fact file on p52.
2 ifs be tte r fo r children / Do you think / o r / to
1 m illim e tre a km
play com puter games / to read ?
2 degrees (Celsiusi b °C
3 cheerful / Who's / person you know } the most ?
3 kilo m e tre s per hour c cm
4 te tte r kinds of / than in the past / Do people
4 centim etre d mm
have / e n tertainm ent ?
5 kilom etre e kg
5 for you / the best place / W hat’s / to relax 0
6 kilo (kilogram ) f kph
6 been to ( t he m ost exhausting event / What's /
you've ever ? b Can you re m e m b e r w hat these fig u re s are about?
Talk together, then read to check.
b Ask and answ er the questions. Give exam ples and
reasons. \ 38 cm 480 kph -89.2°C
2 18 km 1,825 mm 1 kg
CAN YOU REMEMBER? U nit 5 - Paying fo r th in g s 3 30,000°C

3 a Put the sentences of the conversation in orde*. I th in k 3b cm was the largest


snow flake. It was 38 cm across.
H a s s is t a n t Anything else?
' —U --------------------------------------------
H th ia g o Next door? OK.
□ a s s is t a n t Eight postcards That comes to six c Talk together. Do you know, o r can you guess:
pounds forty, please.
1 how ta ll you are?
□ thiag o No, that's a ll, thanks. How m uch is
2 w hat the speed lim it is for cars in your country?
that?
3 how fa r it is from yo u r home to the nearest
G a s s is t a n t I'm afraid not, no. There's a cash
airport?
machine ju s t -
4 w hat the tem perature was on the hottest and
U th ia g o I'll take these postcards, please. And
coldest days you've had th is year?
do you have any m aps?
5 how much you weighed when you were born?
□ 'WA.GO No. it's OK, I’ve got some cash, I think.
□ a s s is t a n t I'm sorry, we don’t have any maos at
the m om ent. You could try next coor.
□ a s s is t a n t Thank you. And th a t’s 60 pence S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
change. Can you do these th in g s in E nglish?(^ircl^)a n u m b e r
D t h ia g o Can I pay by card? on each lin e . 1 = I ca n 't do th is, 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
b Practise in pairs, changing th e underlined •v&Wabout present habits
expressions. Take tu rn s to be Thiago and the shop ta lk about w eather ■ k
assistant. make com parisons
; express preferences
" speak m ore politelylby being less direct

• For Wordcards, reference and saving your work »> e-Portfolio


• F ot more practice » Self-study Pack. Unit 6

5?
7.1 goal
® make guesses and predictions

City life
Urbanisation
ii.

READING 1 Look at the pictures. W hat changes can you see?

Read the introduction to the a rtic le about u rb a n is a tio r. W hy do you th in k so many


people around the w o rld are going to live in cities?

I 3 c www.viewpoint.cam/urbanworld - q-

Viewpoint - The urban world in 2050


In 1900, ju s t 13 per cent o f the world's people lived in cities. In 2008, the
number passed 50 per cent fo r th e firs t tim e in history. By 2050, the number w ill
be about 70 per cent. The urban population in Asia and Africa vrill double, and
there w ill be nearly 30 "m egdcltieb" - t i t i e i w ith more than 10 milUon people.
So what w ill life be like fo r people in th e cities o f the future? Professor of
human geography Ben Rhodes describes his vision o f the urban world in 2050. P'ofessor Ben Rhodes

1 life in cities w ill be very different from how it is They'll use local materials for building, and perhaps
today. Energy, especially oil, w ill be very expersive, traditional styles of architecture too.
so many people w ill probably work at home, or have
3 The thing I really worry about is that energy may
their workplaces close to where they live. There'll be
become too expensive for many people. In the end we
less traffic on the roads, and it'll be easier for people
might have two groups of people: a rich group which
to be close to their families. For these reasons cities
can afford energy and lives in clean, green areas, and a
won't have just one centre where everyone goes to work
bigger, poorer group which can't afford i t and has to live
and shop. Instead, we'U probably see cities with many
in the more polluted parts of the city. This might lead to
different centres.
serious political problems.
2 It w ill be difficult to provide enough water, gas and
* As we all know, cities near the sea w ill probably
electricity for really big cities, so these w ill prohahly
experience some extra problens. As temperatures around
stop growing. Many people from the countryside w ill
the world go up, sea levels will rise and many places w ill
move to smaller cities of 500,000 people or less.
have problems with flooding. Some cities w ill be OK,
Transport over long distances w ill be a lot more
some may even find that the change in the climate is
expensive than i t is new, so people w ill have to use food
good for them, but others w ill need help. We really need
ard energy from the countryside around their cities.
to start planning for this now.

Read the rest of the a rtic le . In w hich paragraph 1-4 does Professor Rhodes ta lk
about these topics?

a Cities and the countryside c Energy, money and politics

I
b Cities near the sea d W orking and living in cities

58
Read th e a rtic le again. W hat reasons does Professor Rhodes give fo r these
predictions?

1 Cities w ill have many centres. 4 There m ight be po litica l problems.


2 Big cities w ill stop growing. 5 Some cities near the sea w ill need help.
3 B uildings w ill use local m aterials.

In groups, ask and answ er th e questions.


1 How do you feel about the changes Professor Rhodes describes?
Which are good and w hich are bad?
2 Do you disagree w ith anything Professor Rhodes says? Why?

VOCABULARY Cover the a rtic le and use the w ords and expressions fro m the box to com plete the
The environm ent sentences. Then check in the a rtic le .
---------------------------- s --------------- s ----------------------------
clean, green clim ate flooding gas oil
• • • •
polluted sea levels tra ffic tra n sp o rt

1 Energy, e sp e cially . w ill be very expensive.


2 T h e re 'll be le s s on the roads.
3 It w ill be difficult to provide enough water, and electricity for really big cities.
4 overlong distances w ill be a lot m ore expensive.
5 We m ight have two groups of people: a rich group which lives in areas...
6 ... and a poorer group w hich has to live in the m o re parts of the city.
7 As tem peratures around the w o rld go up, w ill rise and many places w ill
have problems w it h .
8 Some cities may find that the change i n is good for them , but others w ill
need help.
SPEAKING Ask and answ er the questions.

1 Do you think the clim ate is changing around the world? What about where you live?
2 Which places in your country o r city:

• have the w orst traffic? • som etim es have problem s with flooding?
• have the m ost popular green areas? • are the m ost polluted?
• m ight have problems if sea levels go up?

Making predictions
GRAMMAR
Read sentences 1-5. Then com plete the g ra m m a r ta b le w ith th e h ighlighted w ords.
will, might, may
1 T h e re 'll be less tra ffic on the roads.
2 Cities w o n ’t have ju s t one centre.
3 Big cities w ill probably stop growing.
4 Energy may become too expensive.
5 This m ig h t create two groups of people.

I’m sure I’m not sure I'm sure


w on't m ight 3
1
11 - w ill won t = w ill not

W hat do you th in k th e w o rld w ill be like in 2050? Make sentences w ith th e words.

1 p e o p le /h a v e /fre e tim e 5 food / expensive


2 fa m ilie s / have / children 6 people / do / exercise
3 children / s tu d // home 7 English / im portant
G ra m m a r re fe re n c e 4 people / use / c a s h /s h o p s 8 people / happier
an d p ra c tic e , p 1 3 7
People w ilt probably have less free time.

SPEAKING 3 a Think of th re e more predictions about life in 2050.

b Compare a ll yo u r predictions fro m 2 and 3a in groups. Talk about yo u r ideas.


7 .2 goals
If you're interested in art © make recommendations
:; give directions

READING 1 Look at the photos in the w ebsite


fo r to u rists. What do you know
about Am sterdam ?

Now read the e ntries. W hich place w ould you m ost like to visit? Why?
n n n
wvAV.totaltourist.com/travelgiide/arnsterdam
e *
M e e t M em bers
Total
Tourisb
AM STERDAM TRAVEL GUIDE
Things to Do

Van Gogh M useum


Updated by heid<78 on February 16. 2008 | Send to .a friend
If y o u ’re interested in art, y o u ’ll love th e Van G o g h M u seum . It has th e w o rld ’s b ig g e s t
Van G ogh c o lle ctio n w ith o ve r 200 p a in tin g s. P ersonally. I’m not REALLY into art, b u t I still
fo u n d th is an am azing place . The q u e u e t o g o t In ca n b e q u ite long, b u t it's w orth Ute w ait.
Leave a comment i Phone: +31 20 570 5252 Website: http://w\vw.vangoghmuseurTXPi

K e u k e n h o f G ard en s
Updated by alexx on August 30, 2 01 0 1 Send to.a friend
T h is is a g re a t d a y o u t fo r a n yo n e w h o loves gardefrs. If yo u v is t at th e rig h t tim e , y o u ’ ll
see m o re th a n seven m illion flo w e rs! T h ey say rt's th e b ig g e s t flo w e r ga rden in th e w orld ,
b u t it still g e ts very c ro w d e d . W hen w e w ent, th e re sta u ra n ts were all fu ll a t lu n ch tim e , so if
y ou w a n t to eat here, you m ig h t have fo b o o k in ad vance. It’s a o o u t an h o u r fro m th e city.
Leove a comment | Phone: +31 25 226 5555 Website: http://www.Keutanhof.nl

A n n e F ra n k ’s house
Updated by m.eHis on December 2, 2009 | Send to a friend
T h is is th e houso w h e re tw o J e w is h fam ilie s, th e Franks a n d the V an Pels, h id d u rin g th e
S e c o n d W orld War, a n d w h e re 1 3 -ye a r-o ld A n n e Frank w ro te her fa m o u s diary. M y visit
w as a s ad b u t interesting exp e rie n ce . T ip : if y o u v is it in th e sum m er, yo u s h o u ld g o to th e
h o u se in th e esrty e ve ning. It’s o p e n un til 8 pm a n d th e q u e u e to g e t in is n o t s o long.
Leave a com men. | Phone: +31 20 556 7100 Website: I

GRAMMAR Com plete the sentences fro m the w ebsite w ith words fro m th e box.
Real conditionals
’U (x2) might should

If+ present, w ill / m ig h t / should + in fin itive

1 If you’ re interested in art, y o u _____ love the Van Gogh Museum.


2 If you visit at the rig h t tim e, you see more than seven m illion flowers.
3 If you want to eat here, you have to book in advance.
4 If you visit in the sum m er. you go to the house in the early evening.

W rite recom m endations fo r vis ito rs to your country.

1 If you’re interested in sightseeing, y o u 'll lo v e ...


2 If you want to do some shopping, you shou(d go ...
3 If you en.oy trying new food, you might like ...
AIf you like the countryside, you’l l ...
5 If you come in the w in te r, you should ...
6 If you like sports, you m Jght...
G ra m m a r re fe re n c e
7 If you're interested in ...
and p ra c tic e , p 1 3 7
8 I f ...

SPEAKING 5 Listen to each o th e r's recom m endations. Which ones w o u ld you lik e to try?
If you’re from the same country, do you agree?
Getting directions
LISTENING 1 • € E ) Listen to Lizzy’s conversation in the to u ris t office and answer the questions.
1 Where does she want to go? 2 How far is it?

DOSimPQi
Stock Exchange
Church
Dam V
Royal « S q u a r e
Palace ■ ■ National
0 | Monument
Madame Nieuw
Tussaud's

Amsterdam
£' History
£ Museum

2 *O Find the to u ris t office on the map and then liste n again.
W here’s Anne Frank’s house: 1, 2 o r 3?

VOCABULARY 3 a Use the map to put the d ire ctio n s in o rder, 1-8.
Giving directions Ask How can I get to Anne Frank's house?
Start We're next to the m ain train station.
U G o a lo n g R a a d h u is s t r a a t f o r a b o u t fiv © h u n d r e d m e tr e s .
\2\ Go down the big street. It’s called Damrak.
QD Go out of here and tu rn left.
] Turn rig h t and go past the palace.
□ When you get to the canal called P rinsengracht, t i r n rig h t.
Ö If you co rtin u e along Damrak, y o u 'll come to the Dam.
O You’l l go past a big building on your left, the Beurs.
□ You’l l see the National M onum ent on your le ft and
the Royal Palace on yo u r rig h t.

Finish The house is by the canal.

b Check in the s c rip t on p149. Then cover 3a, look at the map and give d ire ctio n s to
Anne F rank’s house.

PRONUNCIATION U a Listen and notice how the consonant and vow el sounds lin k in th is sentence.
Linking G o o u t w o f h e r e ^ a n d tu i n le ft,
consonants and
vowels 2 b Mark the consonants and vow els th a t lin k in these directions.

1 Turn rig h t and go past the palace. (x1)


2 You'll go past a tig building on your left, the Beurs. (x2)
3 You'll see the National M onum ent on yo u r left and
the Royal Palace on your right. (x3)

c * E D Listen to check. O P ractise saying the directions.

SPEAKING 5 a W ork alone. Choose tw o places on the map. Think about h o w to give directions
fro m the to u ris t office.

b Listen to each o th e rs directions and guess the places.


Get tourist information make recommendations
give directions
get inform ation in a to u ris t office

A M STERD A M
M O E T IE H O R E N

AM STERDAM
MOEf ^QEN i .
X T J

Sergei is in Amsterdam on business, but has sorne free lime to see the city.

TASK LISTENING 1 a What can y o j re m e m b e r about:

the Van Gogh Museum? the Keukenhof Gardens? Anne Frank’s house?

b * E D Listen to S ergei’s conversation in th e to u ris t office. W hich places does he


decide to visit?

M 5K 2 a Can you re m e m b e r w hat Sergei says? Tick l / | the highlighted expressions he uses.
VOCABULARY
1 I’m looking fo r som ewhere to stay.
Getting to u ris t 2 Do you organise tours of the city?
inform ation 3 Have you got a map?
U Can you recom m end some things to see?
5 Do you have any in fo rm a tio n about a rt galleries?
6 Do you se ll tickets?

b • E D Listen again to check.

3 Can you th in k of m ore ways to continue the highlighted expressions in 2a?


Use these and your own ideas.

• day trip s • guidebooks • a leaflet • a restaurant


• the railway station •* travel passes • a hotel
I ’m lo o kin g fo ra good hotel.

U a You’ re going to do a ro le play in a to u ris t office. W ork in A /B pairs.

Student B, te ll S tudent A the name of a neighbourhood, town o r city you know w ell.
A, you’re visiting this place. Think of five questions to ask.
B, you w o rk n the to u ris t office. Decide where the to u rist office is, then th in k of five
th in g s to recommend and how to get there.
b Have a conversation in a to u ris t office.
Hello, I'm looking fo r ...
A, sta rt the conversation w ith one of your questions.
B, listen, make recom m endations and give directions.

c Change roles and have a n o th e r conversation.


Keyword will
w ill fo r p re d ictio n s w ili fo r o ffe rs, prom ises, requests
1 a P u t t h e li n e s o f e a c h c o n v e r s a t io n in t h e c o r r e c t 2 a You can also use will to make:
order, 1-3. * E D Then liste n to check. Q
offers
A Can 3 puc my c a s e i n t h e b a c k ?
□ It’ll be Leona. I invited her for a coffee.
B I ' l l do t h a t f o r you. ubit «
□ Rob! Can you answei the doof? I'm doing the
washing up. prom ises
□ Yeah, OK. Who is it?
OK, I ' l l g iv e h e r t h e m essage and ask h e r t o
c o n t a c t y o u . aalt 2
0 Ah, yes. How o\dis he?
re q u e s ts / orders
□ Don't foiget, it’s Deiter's birthday on Monday.
□ He'll be twenty-five, I think. I ' l l ta lc e t h e s e p o s t c a r d s , p l e a s e . And d o you
h av e any maps? o u t 5

b In which conversation is w ill ('U):


a about th e fu tu re ? b about now? Can you re m e m b e r w ho said these sentences
and where?
C W rite a lis t of five im poi ta n t people in yo u r life.
b ♦E D Listen to three short conversations. Which is:
Then look at each o th e r’s lis ts and find out
a a phone call? b in a car? c in a cafe?
about th e people. Use these questions and
your own ideas. C • f S D Listen again. Think of a sentence w ith w ill
to continue each conversation and then compare
1 Who are they? How do you know them ?
yo u r ideas.
2 Where do you think they are at the m om ent?
3 When w ill you see them again? Yes. I’ll have some water, please.
U How do you think th e ir lives w ill change in the
next five years?

Across cultures
Read statem ents 1-6. Find a highlighted expression w hich means:

a a place w here a lot of people go fo r holidays. c im portant places in a country's history.


b the people who live in a place, not tourists. d people’s habits and ways of behaving.
1 Tourism helps people from different places to understand each other.
2 When you visit another country, you sho jld try to speak the local language.
3 In a to u ris t re so rt, restaurants should sell food from to u rists’ countries and lo ca l food.
U Tourism is bad for a country's areas of natural beauty and h is to ric a l sites.
5 Visiting a place during a festival is a great way to learn about the custom s and tra d itio n s there.
6 Tourism is good for the local people and local businesses.
Tick ( / ) the statem ents you agree w ith.

* E D Listen to N atalie and Paula


talking dbout statem ent 2. Do they
generally agree o r disagree w ith
the statem ent?
W hat do they say are the good
points about the statem ent? W hat are
the problem s? Listen again, then read
the s c rip t on p150 to check.

Tell each o th e r w h a t you th in k about


statem ents 1-6 . Explain yo u r ideas.
Goal
a Choose a city, o r a place you know w ell, to w rite about. w rite a description of a place

Make a lis t of th in g s you could w rite about.

buildings, parks, the w eather...


b Compare your ideas and add m ore things to yo u r list.

a Read the web postings about home towns. Who w rite s about these things, Kel.y, Madu o r both of them ?
1 people 3 flow ers 5 the w eather
2 homes U popular activities 6 the c ity’s atmosphere

Fte n it yje*v Paver*«« loots tjeb


a w iris r i " ‘.i•'io w n .o o rn/w e lcom e

WELCOME TO MY HOME TOWN!


KELLY - SHERIDAN, WYO

1Ten y e a rs a g o . Sher id a n h a d 1 5 ,5 0 0 p e o p le . N o w it ha s 1 6 ,0 0 0 . T h e g r o w th
h a s a ll b e e n o u ts id e th e c ity . T h e y ’ re b u i d in g a lo t o f h o m e s fo u r o r fiv e m ile s
o u t o f to w n .
2 S h e rid a n ’s a b o u t l ,2 0 0 m e tre s a b o v e sea le v e l. We g e t lo ts o f s n o w a n d th e re
a re g o o d s k i s lo p e s n e a r h e re . D riv e an h o u r w e s t a n d y o u ’ ll be in th e b e s t
c a m p in g a n d fis h in g areas.
3 S h e rid a n ha s s o m e o f th e b e s t s c h o o ls .n th e c o u n try . G re a t fo o tb a ll a n d s o c c e r
te a m s . We a ls o h a v e s tre e t d a n c e s a n d k id s ’ g r o u p s . T h e re ’s a lw a y s s o m e th in g
g o in g o n a ro u n d h e re .

if
' In N ig e ria , p e o p le o fte n ta lk a b o u t th e b e a u ty o f A b u ja . It w a s a n ic e s u rp ris e
w h e n I s te p p e d in to th is c it y f o r th e fir s t tim e . T h e c it y g a te has m a n y flo w e r s
p la n te d a r o u n d it. N e a rb y is th e v e r y m c d e rn N a tio n a l S ta d iu m a n d th e G am es
V illa g e , w h ic h w a s u s e d f o r th e A ll A fric a n G am es.
2 A b u ja is th e fe d e ra l c a p ita l c it y o f N ig e ria a n d a lo t o f th e c o u n tr y ’s o il m o n e y
ha s b e e n s p e n t o n it. T h e s tre e ts a n d b u ild in g s lo o k n e w , c le a n a n d b e a u tifu l.
3T h e re a re m o d e rn h o u s e s a n d lo ts o f tre e s a n d flo w e r s . A n ic e w in d b lo w s In
fro m th e S ahara D e s e rt. It's q u ie t a n d p e a c e fu l. A f t e r m y f ir s t v is it, I d e c id e d to
m a k e A b u ja m y h o m e .

b W ould you like to v is it these places0 Why? / Why not?

3 a Add w ords and expressions fro m the postings to 5 a Plan a posting describing a place you know w e ll.
these groups.
1 Decide w hat tiin g s you w ant to ta lk about.
1 places and buildings s k i slopes,... 2 Organise the things into three or fo ur
2 groups of people football team s,... paragraphs.
3 events stre e t dances,... 3 Think of words and expressions to use in each
U the w eather, nature snow, ... paragraph.
b W hat w ords o r expressions could you use to ta lk Look at the language in 3 -4 and use yo u r own
about your city? Add m ore th in g s to each qroup. ideas.

4 a What adjectives do K elly and Madu use? Try to b Explain y o u r ideas to each other.
com plete th e list, then check in th e postings.
6 W rite yo u r posting.
good gr ni mo ne_____
cl be qu pe ___
7 Read each o th e r’s postings. Ask questions to find
b What adjectives could you use to talk about your out m ore inform ation.
city? Add them to th e list.

64
Look again O

Review Extension
GRAMMAR Real co n d ition a ls SPELLING AND SOUNDS ui, uy

a Paul is ta lk in g about his life in the next five years. • H D Y ou c a n s a y u i a n d u y in t h r o e w a y s . L is t o n


Put the words in o rd e r to m ake sentences. a n d re p e a t.

1 be happy have I I'll if job same the .


Ill /a i/ J u :f
I'll be happy i f I have the same job.
2 e annoyed be better can't car get I I'll i f . b u ild buy fr u it
3 be don’t exams I I'll if my pass sad .
U be get I I'll if m arried surprised . b Add these w ords to the correct group. P ractise
5 be children have I I’l l if shocked . saying the words.
b W rite sentences lik e 1 -5 about yo u r life in the guide suit guy juice guitar biscuit
next five years.
c (£ircle)the co rre ct answer. Which le tte rs do we use:
C Listen to each o th e r’s sentences. Ask questions to
find out m ore. 1 in the m iddle of w o rd s ? u i/u y
2 at the end of words? u i/ u y

VOCABULARY Giving d ire ctio n s d •E 9 S pellcheck. Close your books. Listen to


nine w ords and w rite them down. Then look at the
2 a « f £ > Look at the map of a language school and s c rip t on p150 to check your spelling.
listen to the re ce p tio n ist’s d ire ctio n s to a stucent.
Whe-e does the student go?
NOTICE Noun + in fin itiv e

Room 1 R e c e p tio n M a n a g e r's Drinks 5 a Complete the sentences from th is u n it w ith these
m a c h in e s nouns.

— ....................I j — | r place queue som ething


V
C o m p u te r w Roo% 3 som ewhere things tim e
Room 2
r ro o m
1 The to get in can be quite long.
R o o m 6 ! S tu d e n t j R oom 5 R oom 4 2 I’m looking f o r _____ to s ta y .
r \ I lib r a r y r N I r> r-, 3 One of the m ost p o p u la r to see is Anne
Frank's house.
V V V ^T ^a c h e rs ' U The b e s t_____ to go is early evening.
Room 7 Room 8 R oom 9 5 It's definitely a g o o d ______ to visit.
ro o m
6 Would you lik e _____ to drink?
b Reac the s c rip t on p150 to check. Then look at the b T hink about these questions. Then ask and
map and try to re m e m b e r the directions. a n sw e r in groups.
c Take tu rn s to ask fo r and give d ire ctio n s to other 1 Can you recom m end a city to visit? W hen’s the
room s from the reception. Listen and check the best tim e to go?
directions are correct. 2 In the city, can you recom mend:
a som ewhere to stay?
CAN YOU REMEMBER? U nit 6 - Chores, habits b some things to see? Are there long queues
to get in?
a Look at the sentence about chores. In groups,
c somewhere to have a meal?
th in k of w ord s o r expressions w hich could replace
each part of the sentence 1-4.
I usually clean the windows once a m onth. I S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
1 2 3 A Can you do these th in g s in E n g lish ? < ^rc§ )a n u m b e r
tend to do the ironing every day on each lin e . 1 = I c a n 't do th is , 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
b Work alone. Think about how to describe a > make guesses and p redictions
norm al day in yo u r life : make recom m endations U H
• during the week. • at the weekend. © give) directions
a get inform ation in a to u ris t office
C T ell each o th e r about yo u r days. Who spends :he
© w rite a description o f a place
most tim e:

at work? doing chores? studying? relaxing? • For Wordcards, reference and saving your work >> e-Portfolio
• For more practice » Self-study Pack, Unit 7

65
8.1 goal

Things
Ponobello Market

LISTENING T Look at the photos of s ta lls in P o rtobello M arket, London. A sk and answ er the
questions together.
1 Do you like shopping in m arkets? Why? / Why not?
2 Do you usually ju s t pay the fu ll price at m arket stalls, o r do you bargain?
3 What do m arkets in your town sell? [food, antiques, second-hand clothes ...)
4 Are there any fam ous m arkets in your country? Have you ever visited them?

2 * € £ > Carolina is fro m Spain but lives and w o rk s in London. Listen to her shopping
in P ortobello M arket. W hat thing in each photo does she ask about?
Carolina lives in
London. 3 t E D Listen again. W hat does Carolina buy? How much does she pay?

VOCABULARY U a Com plete the highlighted expressions fro m C a ro lira ’s conversations w ith the
Buying things sta llh o ld e -s w ith verbs fro m the box.

give have (x2) is leave looking see take (x2) try w ant

Looking B m y a in iiic j Buyiiiy ulullies


Q s Do you need any help? Q c I could _ _ _ _ _ you eighty. Q c What size.__
c No, thanks. I’m just lo o kin g . s I’ll do it for eighty-five. s It’s a medium.
c W ell... OK. I’l l it.
0 c Can I _____ a look at those Q c Can I.
ones there? © c Would you __ . twenty? s Yes, of course.
s These big ones? s I can take thirty.
Q c Do y ou . . any other colours?
c No. the smaller ones. c Thanks, but I'll _ them.
s rmafraidnot.no.
Q c Can I _____ th s big mg at the top? How much do you____ for
s The orange one? them?
c No. the white one. rhese ones are thirty-five.

b Look at the s c rip t on p i 50 to check.


66
PRONUNCIATION 5 a * f E 3 Listen to 2 and 4 fro m 4a.Notice that tw o of the words have strong stress.
Contrastive c Can I have a look at those ones there? c I could give you eighty.
stress • •
s These big ones? s I'll do it fo" eighty-five.
c No. thp <;mallprnnp<; c W p II OK, I’ll take it.
Can I see that
b Now look at 3 in 4c. Which two w ords have strong stress? What about in 5?
jacket, please?
The blue one? c Listen to check. Q P ractise saying 2 -5 in 4a.

6 In pairs, take tu rn s to s ta rt th e conversations fro m 4a. Answer w ith yo u r own ideas.

Do you have any... ?


GRAMMAR
1 Look at the exam ples in the table. Then com plete 1 -4 w ith some and any.
some, any
o ©
There are some second-hand sta lls ju st c Excuse me?
over there. s Yeah, do you need som e help?
I m ight have some o th e r sizes.
Do you have any silver candlesticks?
O Do you have a ry o th e r colours?
We don't have any second-hand clothes. s Do you need any help?
c No thanks, I’m ju s t looking.

1 In positive sentences, we usually u s e .


2 In negative sentences, we usually u s e _____.
3 In questions, we use when we don't know the answer.
4 In questions, we u s e when we expect the answer yes' (offers, requests, etc.).

2 a Add some o r any to sentences 1 -5 in the conversation.


some
1 Hello. Do you need fi help?
s ta llh o ld e r
2 Ca r o l in a Yes. Do you have bookcases?
3 s Yes. we do. We've got nice bookcases over here,
c O h . r ig h t . H o w m u c h is t h e big. o n e ?
4 s It’s 110, but we’ve got cheaper ones. This black one's ju st 80.
5 c Hm. Do you think yo u 'll get more?
s Yes, I get them in quite often, so you could try again in a. few; weeks.

G ra m m a r rc fc rc n c c b • fS D Listen to a conversation w ith possible answ ers. Are your answ ers the same?
an d p ra c tic e , p 1 3 8
c In pairs, change the u n d e rlin e d expressions and have more conversations.

SPEAKING 3 a W ork in A /B pairs. Choose the rug, a ntique o r ja cke t s ta ll in th e photos on p66.

A, you’re the stallholder. Decide on prices fo r things in the photo.


B. you w a n t to buy som ething for a good price. Choose something.

b Role play together.

Change ro le s and choose another s ta ll. Role play again.

Tell the class w hal you bought and how m uch you paid.

Partobellt Market. London


8 .2 goal
describe objccts

3 IfW v .

READING 1 a Look at th e three objects. W hat do you th in k they are?

b Read th e webpage and check yo u r ideas.

rs
+ http://www.mysteries.conVsar.htm

Mysteries.com
T h e V o y n ic h M a n u s c r ip t T h is s tra n g e b o o k w a s d is c o v e re d in 1 912 in F ra s c a li, n e a r R o m e ,
b y W ilfre d V o y n ic h , a n a n tiq u e b o o k c o lle c to r. It ’s smalJ, 25 b y 18 c m , b u t th ic k , w ith 2 3 5
p a g e s . T h e p a g e s a re illu s tra te d w ith s tra n g e c o lo u re d p ic tu re s o f d iffe re n t th in g s , in c lu d in g
u n k n o w n p la n ts a n d h e rb s . T h e b o o k u s e s a k in d o f w ritin g w h ic h n o o n e c a n u n d e rs ta n d .
S o m e p e o p le th in k it ’s w ritte n in an u n k n o w n , s e c re t la n g u a g e . O th e rs th in k th e w h o le
m a n u s c rip t m u s f b e a v e r y c o m p lc a te d (a n d e x p e n s iv e ) jo k e . N o o n e k n o w s fc r s u re w h e re it
c a m e fro m , b u t m a n y e x p e rts b e lie ve it w a s m a d e in E u ro p e , s o m e tim e b e tw e e n th e fifte e n th
a n d s e v e n te e n th c e n tu rie s .

T h e B a g h d a d B a tte r y T h is s m a ll p o t, a b o u t 15 c m ta ll, w a s p r o b a b ly d is c o v e re d in a v illa g e


n e a r B a g h d a d in th e 1 9 3 0 s . It’s a b o u t 2 0 0 0 y e a rs o ld a n d is m a d e o f lig h t y e llo w c la y b u t a ls o
h a s t w o p ie c e s o f m e ta l in s id e . In 1 9 4 0 , a n a rtic le w a s w ritte n s u g g e s tin g th a t th e p o t w a s
in fa c t a v e ry o ld e le c tric b a tte ry . In th e 1 9 7 0 s , a c o p y o f th e ‘ B a g h d a d b a tte ry ’ w a s m a d e
a n d fille d w ith g ra p e ju ic e . It p r o d jc e d a s m a ll a m o u n t o f e le c tric ity - 0 .8 7 v o lts - s o it se e m s
p o s s ib le t h a t e le c tric b a tte rie s w e re u s e d in th e a n c ie n t w o rld , n e a rly 2 0 0 0 years b e fo re th e ir
‘ in v e n tio n ’ b y A le s s a n d ro V o lta in 1 8 0 0 .

T h e S a q q a ra B ir d T h is o b je c t, m a d e o f w o o d , w a s fo u n d in 1 8 9 8 in S a q q a ra , E g yp t. It’s a b o u t
1 8 c m a c ro s s a n d w e ig h s a b o u t 4 0 g . A t fir s t i t w a s th o u g h t to b e a m o d e l o f a b ird , m a d e
in a b o u t 2 0 0 B C , a n d it w a s p u t in a b o x in th e b a s e m e n t o f th e E g y p tia n M u s e u m in C a iro .
T h e n , in 1 9 6 9 , it w a s re d is c o v e re d b y D r K h a lil M e s s ih a . H e b e lie v e d th a t th e o o je c t lo o k e d
v e ry s im ila r to a m o d e rn a e ro p la n e - fo r e x a m p le , it h a s w in g s lik e a n a e ro p la n e , n o t a b ird .
T h e a n c ie n t E g y p tia n s o fte n m a d e s m a ll m o d e ls o f th in g s th e y p la n n e d t o b u ild , s o c o u ld th is
b e a m o d e l o f a s im p le a e ro p la n e th a t w a s b u ilt o v e r 2 0 0 0 y e a rs a g o ?

Read again and com plete the table.


i
Voynich M anuscript Baghdad Battery Saqqara Bird
place found Frascati, neair Rome
when found
size
aqe

3 Which ideas about each object do you th in k are correct o r in co rre ct? Talk to g e th e r

68
1

VOCABULARY a Match the descriptions, 1-6, w ith pictu re s A-C .


Describing 1 It's lig h t yellow. 4 It's made of clay.
objects 2 It's sm all but thick, w ith 235 pages. 5 It has wings like an aeroplane.
3 It’s 25 by 18 cm. 6 It weighs about 40 g.
b A nsw er the questions in groups, then com pare your ideas.

1 W hat's the opposite of light in sentence 1?


2 How many more colours can you th in k of?
3 Find things in your classroom w hich are made of these m aterials.

cotton glass leather m etal paper plastic stone wood

c Choose some things in your classroom and w rite two o r three sentences about
each one.

SPEAKING 5 Listen to each other's sentences. It's blue w ith w hite letters.
Can you guess th e objects? It's about 20 by 12 cm.
A dictionary?
^ -----------------------------

It was made in ...


GRAMMAR 1 a Which sentence, 1 or 2, is used in th e paragraph about th e Voynich M anuscript?
Passives
1 W ilfred Voynich discovered this strange book, (active)
2 This strange book was discovered by W ilfred Voynich, (passive)

b Why does the w rite r use th e passive? Is the w rite r m ore interested in the book o r
W ilfred Voynich?

2 a Com plete the sentences in the table w ith the co rre ct fo rm of be.

present sim ple passive past sim ple passive


am / is / are + past p a rticip le was / w ere + past pa rticip le

Some people th in k i t . w ritte n in Many experts believe it made in


an unknown, secret language. Europe.
The p a g e s illu stra te d with It seems possible that electric batteries
strange coloured pictures. used in the ancient world.

b Find and u n d e rlin e nine m ore exam ples of the passive in the text.

W ork in tw o groups, Group A and Group B.

A, tu rn to p125 and complete the inform ation about the objec: in picture D.
B. tu rn to p i 29 and complete the inform ation about the objects in picture E.
G ra m m a r re fe re n c e Use the active o r passive. You can look up irre g u la r past p a rticip le s on p160,
an d p ra c tic c , p 1 3 8
Irre g u la r verbs.

4 a Prepare to te ll someone fro m th e o th e r group about yo u r object.


Use these expressions to help you rem em ber.

Group A
Istanbul, 1929 anim al skin
Piri Reis, 1513 A frica Am erica
I A ntarctica? 1820? a bad drawing?

b W ork in A /B pairs. Tell each o th e r about yo u r objects.

5 W hich of the five objects, A -E , do you th in k is the m ost interesting? Why?

89
Target activity
8 .3 goals
Talk about a favourite describe objects
& ta lk about possessions
possession

Fran from Turkey

I TASK LISTENING 1 1 ♦ £ £ > Listen to fo u r people ta lkin g about th e ir favourite possessions. Match the
1 ’
people and possessions.

ill TASK 2 a Can you rem em ber w ho uses these sentences?


VOCABULARY
i 1 I th in k my favourite thing is my TV.
1 1n Talking about a
possession
2
3
I need it fo r work.
It helps me relax a fte r a long day at w ork.
4 I've had some of them since I was five.
5 They were given to me by my mother.
6 It ju s t rem inds me of those days, the sunny sum m er days.
7 1ju s t like it because it means I can do a lot of different things.
8 I absolutely love it because it is like a mosaic.
b * f S 3 Listen again to check.

a Think of one of y o u r favourite possessions. Think about how to describe:


1 w hat it looks like. I t ’s made of...
2 how lone you’ve had it. I've had i t ...
3 how you got it. It was given to me b y ...
U how you feel about it. I like it because...
5 any other details.

b Tell each other about your favourite possessions. Ask questions to find out more.

As a class, make a lis t of everyone's favourite possession. Which are th e oldest?


Which are the sm a lle st? Which are the m ost unusual?

70
Keyword by
1 Add the u n d e rlin e d expressions fro m previous un its to the co rre ct groups in the table.

1 T h is s t r a n g e book was d is c o v e r e d i n 1912 b y W ilfr e d V o y n ic h . «


2 I t was drawn i n 15 1 3 b y an a d m ira l i n t'ie T u r k is h n av y , P i r i R e i s , cait s
3 The h o u se i s b y t h e c a n a l , j u s t h e r e , n ut 7
4 Can I p ay b y c a r d ? n u t 5
5 I ' l l b e a t home b y th e tim e you a r r i v e , n u t 5
6 No one r e a l l y t a l k s . E v e r y o n e 's a b i t t i r e d b y P r id a y . nait 3
7 S u p erm a rk ets b r in g a l o t o f t h e i r s t u f f h e r e by p la n e and t h a t ' s bad f o r th e e n v iro n m en t, oait 3
8 You h av e t o s t o p th e lu g e b y p u t t i n g y o j r f e e t on th e i c e , oait 1

A who? B how? C no la te r than D next to


by a person by (noun / -ing) by a time by a place

by Alessandro Volta by taxi by two o'clock by the park

2 a Add by to these questions.

1 Do you have to do anything im portant the end of this week?


2 What things do you keep your cooker at home?
3 How often do you contact people letter?
4 Were any of the things in your home made your fam ily o r friends?
5 When you're on holiday, do you prefer to travel car o r use public transport?
6 Would you prefer to live the sea o r in the mountains?
7 Do you th in k y o u 'll s till live in the same place the end of next year?.
8 W hat do you hope to have done 2020?
b Ask and answ er the questions together.

Independent learning Ways ofi


Which of these do you usually read on a computer?
Which do you usually read on paper? Why?

bank statem ents dictionaries essays


newspaper and magazine a rticle s recipes
stories and poems tra n sp o rt tim etables
TV and film listin g s w o rk docum ents

Think about how you read the th in g s in 1. Which do you:

a read quickly to get a general idea of w hat it’s about?


b read quickly to find inform ation (e.g. a price]?
c read slowly and carefully so you can understand everything?
d read slowly and carefully because you enioy it?

Compare y o u r ideas in groups. Do you read things in the


same way?

Talk about your reading in English.

1 What kinds of English texts do you read?


2 What ways of reading in 2a do you use for each one?
3 What ways of reading do you use the most often and the
least often?

Loo< again at th e a rtic le M ysteries.com on p68. W hich ways


of reading do you th in k tasks 1b and 2 practise?
Speaking Goal

1 a • £ £ > Listen to th re e conversations. In each


conversation: a g n ie s z k a So. what are we having to eat?
brenda I don't know. Is thers a menu in English?
1 Where are the people?
AGNIE&2K& I don't think so. Can I help?
a classroom an office a restaurant
brenda Yeah ... barszcz \ krow, placekI know ... what's
2 Which thing in pictures A -E do they talk about?
‘kluski’?
b Read thesc rip ts to check. In w hich conversation a g n ie s z k a Kluski. ’ They're made of potato.
does someone: BRENDA Potato?
a g n ie s z k a Yeah, Hbey're like little balls. Sometimes
a describe som ething in oth e r w ords because
3they have meat inside them.
they can't rem em ber an English word?
fcWLNOA OK. What about this?
b help someone by explaining an English word?
c explain a word in th e ir language th a t doesn't
have an English translation?
n a z if Hi. Helen.
Z Look at the h ig h lig h te d expressions 1-9 in the
helen Afternoon. Have you lost something?
scrip ts. W hich are fo r: n a z if Yes. I'm looking for my blue .. erm ... ‘ W hat's it
1 saying you do n 't know a word? [ 3 0 called?
2 describing size, shape, m aterial, m ai Youi pen?
sim ila r things? C ] [ j Q Ü n a z if No. 5I don't remember the w ord in English. 6I t ’s
3 describing use, location? □ □ □ a kin d of book. ?You w rite in it, you know, times,
things to do ...
3 a In pairs, th in k about how to describe the things in
helen You mean your diary?
pictures A. and D. Use expressions fro m 2.
n a z if That's it, a diaiy.
b Compare your descriptions w ith another Dair. helen Is that it over there?

a W ork alone. In yo u r firs t language, w rite down


€>
the names of fo u r th in g s in your home o r HAE-WON Manuel, what's a 'kettle'?
w orkplace. Choose th in g s you d o n 't know the MANUEL A what?
English w ords for. HAE-WON A ‘kettle’.
b Work in groups. Don’t show yo u r w ords but take MANUEL Where's that?
tu rn s to describe yo u r th in g s to your group. HAE-WON Erm ... it's in paragraph two.
Can anyone te ll you the English word? MANUEL Hang on. Oh, it's a . .. 8you usually find it
kitchen
HAE-WON OK...
I don’t know w hat you ca ll it
MANUEL ’ You use it to make w ater hot.
in English. It's a kind o f ...
HAE-WON R ig h t...
--------------------------------------- v r ' MANUEL When you make tea or coffee, lor example.
c Check each w ord in a b ilin g u a l dictionary. HAE-WON Oh. I see. Thanks.
look again O

Review Extension
VOCABULARY D escribing objects SPELLING AND SOUNDS ow

1 a * d ) Listen to Sandra describing an object that's A a * € Z D Y o u s a y o w in t w o w a y s . L is t e n a n d r e p e a t .


im po rtant to her. Guess w hat it is.
/a u / ho/
b Think of an im p o rta n t object you have at home.
Plan how to describe it w ith o u t saying w h a t it is. now down show er show ye llo w known
It's made o f plastic a n d ...
b Add these w ords to the correct group.
c Listen to each o th e r's descriptions. Can you guess
the objects? borrow brown crowded flow er flown follow
how snow to m o rro w town vowel w indow

GRAMMAR The passive C * E D Spellcheck. Close y o ir book. Listen to ten


w ords w ith ow and w rite them down.
2 a Complete the quiz questions w ith the co rre ct form
of the passive, present o r past. d Look at the s c rip t on p151 to check your sp elling.

NOTICE D escribing opinions and b e lie fs


Farsi (speak) in
a Turkey b Iran c Iraq. 5 a W hich of these sentences are about the Voynich
M anuscript? W hich are about th e P iri Reis map?
2 The first colour photographs (take) in the
a 186Ds b 1890s c 1920s. 1 No one know s fo r sure where it came from.
2 Many e xp e rts believe it was made in Europe.
3 The Yellow River (locate) in
3 Some people th in k it shows the coast of
a Cambodia b China c Korea.
Antarctica.
4 In 1867 A laska (sell) to the USA by (* Other people say it's really ju s t a bad drawing
a Russia b Britain c Canada. of part of South America.
5 Ulyssess, by James Joyce, (write) in the b W hat else can you re m e m b e r about these m ystery
a 18th century b 19th century c 20th century. objects?
6 The 2005 Nobel Prize for Literature (give) to
• the Baghdad Battery • the Saqqara Bird
a V S N aipaul b KenzaburoOe • the Stone B alls of Costa Pica
c Harold Painter.
Use th e expressions in 5a. Some people
7 In English, baby elephants (call)
a 'kids' b 'calves' c 'cubs'.
say it’s a m odel
aeroplane.
8 The first football World C u p (win) in 1930 by
a Argentina b Brazil c Uruguay.

b ♦E D Do th e quiz and then liste n to check.

c In groups, w rite fo u r more quiz questions.

d Exchange quizzes w ith a n o th e r group. Do the quiz


and then check yo u r answ ers together.

CAN YOU REMEMBER? U nit 7 - w ill, m ight

a What do you th in k w ill happen in your life in the


next five years? Com plete the sentences. Think
about these topics:
S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
Can you do these th in g s in E nglish?(^ircl^)a n u m b e r
• fam ily • w o rk • studies travel
on each lin e . 1 = I can’t do th is, 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
• free tim e • possessions
ask about and buy things
1 I’l l ... U I hope I’ l l ...
- describe objects IH H IH H l
2 I’l l probably ... 5 I th in k I'll...
: ta lk about possessions
3 I m ig h t... 6 I don't th in k I ' l l .
■? explain w ords you don't know
I might get married.
• For Wordcards, reference and saving your work e-Portfolio
b Listen to each o th e r's sentences. Ask questions to • For more practice » Self-study Pack, Unit 8
find out more.
9.1 goal
: say how you feel

Feelings
Why do we do itP
o -P - - ©

VOCABULARY 1 Match the highlighted w ords w ith the pictures.


y a w n , la u g h ... Did you know:
1 babies start to y a w n m onths before they're born?
2 adults laugh, on ave ra g e , tim es a day?
3 the average baby c rie s fo r hours a day?
4 you use m uscles in your face to sm ile; you use a b o u t m uscles
to speak?
5 when you sneeze, a ir leaves your nose a t kilom etres per hour?

2 a Can you guess how to com plete the sentences 1-5 w ith these num bers?
2 or 3 6 12 17 70 T50

b t € E > Listen to check. G

READING 3 a Read the sentences, using the glossary to help you. Which do you th in k are true ?
Which are false?
breathe - to take a ir into
1 People who are deaf and blin d don't laugh.
and out of your body
2 People usually laugh because they see o r hear som ething funny.
deaf- n o t able to hear
3 People yawn when th e ir brains need m ore oxygen.
blino - not able to see
4 If you breathe through your nose, this w ill stop you from yawning.
hormones - chemicals
5 The human eye makes three different kinds of tears.
that make the body
6 When people cry, th e ir bodies make a lot of horm ones.
grow and change
oxygen - a gas in the b W ork in groups of three, A, B and C.
air, 02
A, read the article about laughing on this page and check sentences 1-2 in 3a.
tears - drops of w ater
B, read the article about yawning on p125 and check sentences 3 -4 in 3a.
from the eyes
I C, read the article about crying on p130 and check sentences 5 -6 in 3a.

i Babies start laughing very soon after they're


born. D eaf and blind people can laugh even
though they've never seen o r heard anyone
laughing. Laughing seem s to be a part of
human nature, but what's it for?
e la
percent cam e after a joke or som ething
funny. The other 8 0 -9 0 p ercent followed
normal, everyday expressions like, "I'll see
you later" or, "It was nice to m eet you"

No one really knows why we laugh, but one


thousands o f years ago, before people
couid speak, laughter helped them to form
groups and work together.

It also seem s that laughter can b e good


for your health. lau g h in g a hundred
Many people think that we laugh because idea is that the m ost im portant reason for tim es uses th e sam e energy as riding on
we see or hear som ething funny, but m ost laughing is to m ake other people feel good. an exercise bike for fifteen m inutes. The
o f the tim e this isn 't true. In one study, a W hen you laugh, the people around you w riter Norman Cousins, who suffers from
professor o f psychology’ and his students often start laughing too. Soon, the whole back pain, w rote that w atching com edy
listened In and m ade notes on hundreds group is cheerful and relaxed. lau g h ter program m es on TV helped him to feel
o f conversations In public places. They can stop negative feelings and help people better. He said that ten m inutes of laughter
heard about 1,200 laughs, but only 10-20 to feel closer to each other. It m ay be that gave him two hours o f pain-free sleep.

74
c Talk together. Are sentences 1 -6 in 3a tru e o r false?

4 Read your a rtic le again. Choose two o r three m ore facts, then te ll yo u r group
about them .

5 Which ideas fro m the a rtic le s do you find m ost in te re stin g ? Do you have any
d iffe re n t ideas?

How do you feel?


1 a Choose w ords fro m th e table to com plete th e conversations.
Extreme
ordinary adjectives extrem e adjectives
adjectives
angry cold pleased hot amazed boiling delighted
hungry frig h te n e d sure exhausted freezing furious
su rp rise d tire d positive starving te rrifie d

1 a I'm very hungry. Shall we make some dinner?


8 G o o d id e a . I'm a b s o l u t e l y ________.
2 a Are you sure Ihe shops w ill be open tom orrow ?
b Yes, I’ m .D o n ’t worry.
3 a You look re a lly . Have you had a long day?
b Yeah, I’m exhausted. I'm going to bed.

4 a It’s very hot in here, isn’t it?

b Hot? It’s ! Can we open a window?


5 a How could you do that parachute jum p? W eren't you

b Yeah, I was absolutely te rrifie d , but it was fun!


6 a I heard Kirsten found a job. She m ust be re a lly ______ .
b Oh, yes, she’s delighted.

7 a W ill Ron b e if we don’t go to the meeting?


b I th in k he’ll be absolutely fu rio u s !
8 a Is it cold there at th e m om ent? Should I bring a w in te r coat?
8 Yes. It’s .
9 a W e r e y o u s u r p r is e d y o u p a s s e d t h e e x a m ?
b I was re a lly . I don’t know how I did it.
Listen to check. Q

c W ork in pairs. Take tu rn s to s ta rt the conversations 1 -9 and -em em ber the


responses.

2 W hich of these worCs in the box can we use:


absolutely
1only w ith ordinary adjectives?
really
2only w ith extreme adjectives?
very
3 w ith both kinds of adjective?

3 a Try to th in k of a tim e when you w ere:

• delighted • exhausted • amazed • freezing • furious • boiling


When Wdb it? W h d t lidppened?

b T e ll each o th e r about your experiences.

I was delighted when I


passec my driving test.
* Oh yes. W her was that?
-------------------------
9.2 goals
Just good friends ■■give a rd re sp o n d to diffe ren t kinds of news
thank people and apologis-e

LISTENING 1 a These pictures te ll a story. Can you guess:


1 what's happening in each picturo?
2 how Jean-Paul and Rachel feel about each other?

b « d ) Listen to Rachel and Jean-P aul’s conversation in each picture. Check your
ideas.

2 a Can you com plete these sentences?


Conversation 1
1 Jean-Paui bought Rachel a cactus because she needed som e plants in her

2 In the evening R achels going out w ith ___________ .


Conversation 2
3 S h e d id n 't g e t t h e jo b w i t h N B S b e c a u s e s h e d o e s n ’t h a v e e n o u g h
4 She’s worked fo r the company for a lm o s t____________ years.
Conversation 3
5 She didn’t come to th e cinema because she had a c a ll fro m h e r .__
6 Jean-Paul and Rachel planned to m eet a t ___________ .
Conversation U
7 Rachel s new job i s ____________m iles away.
8 She Ihinks she should sta rt looking fo r a _________

b * € D Listen again to check.

W hat doyou th in k Jean-P aul should do?

VOCABULARY a Add these expressions fro m the conversations to the co rre ct group.
Reacting to
.Cheers-. C ongratulations, f'm really sorry. (x2) Sorry.
news, thanking,
T h a t 's r o t g o o d . T h a t ’s v e r y k in d o f y o u . W e ll d o n e .
apologising

Good news Bad news Thanking Apologising

That's great! You I’m sorry to hear Thanks very I’d like to
did wel.. that. much. apologise.

b « C S > Listen to check. Q

5 Look at conversations 1 and 3 on p151. Find tw o expressions Jean-P aul uses to


respond to an apology and tw o expressions he uses to respond to thanks.

76
PRONUNCIATION 6 a * < S ) Listen to the expressions in A and B. Notice how the speakers use intonation
Intonation - to express different em otions.
speaking w ith A Thanks very much. B I'd tike to apologise.
emotion That's great! I'm so rry to hear that.
b P ractise saying a ll the expressions fro m 4a.

SPEAKING 7 a In pairs, choose one of the pictu re s A -D , and role play Jean-Paul and R achels
conversation.

b Change roles and role play an o th e r conversation.

Whats happened?
GRAMMAR
1 Look at the examples in th e table, then(circle)the c o rre ct words in 1 and 2.
Present perfect
You use the presenl perfect to ta lk about an action w hich:
3 - giving news
1 is finished / not finished.
2 has a result in the past f present.
............. ......... .............. 1'
h a v e /h a s + past p a rticiple Result

I've bought you a present. (Here is your present.)


They've given the job to someone else. (Someone else has the job now.)
She's ju s t had her second baby. (My siste r has two children now.)
I've found a new job! (1 have a new job now.)

2 a Com plete the sentences w ith these verbs in th e present perfect.

build buy decide finish forget lose move pass

1 I’m really sorry. I your name.


2 I my keys. Can you help me find them ?
3 Have you hea rd? Jean - P a u l his d riving, test.
U We don't have a lo t of money at the m om ent because w e ju s t a
new. .car.
5 The town's charging really fast. T hey______two new hotels in the last six months.
6 Rachel and Je^n-P aul don't w ork here any more. They to another
company.
7 That was the ,bcss on the phone. He to cancel tpmorrpyy's m eeting.
8 I my w ork fo r today. Let’s go fo r a coffee.

You can look up irre g u la r past p a rticip le s on p160, Irre g u la r verbs.

b Change the underlined w ords in the sentences in 2a w ith your own ideas. W rite five
sentences.

G ram m ar re fe re n c e I ’m re a lly sorry. I've forgotten your em ail address.


and p ra c tic e , p 1 3 9
c Compare your sentences.

a Talk about pictures 1-5 in pairs. How do you th in k each person feels? Why?
SPEAKING

She looks happy. Yeah, maybe she’s passed an exam.


Or she’s ju s t got a new job.
^
b Compare your ideas. How many do you have fo r each person?
laraet activity 9 .3 goals
CaVcUw wilto tttewis
\

TASK LISTENING 1 Talk togelher. W hich of your fam ily and frie n d s do you see:
everyday? about once a week? two o r three times a year? less than once a year?

2 i E D Listen to S harm ila and Jenny. Tick ( / ) th e things they ta lk about.

a movie S harm ila's new home S h a rm ila ’s new job Mani's new job a concert

3 a What do they say about the things? • E D Listen again to check,


b How often do you th in k they see each other?

TASK 4 a Match the expressions fro m the conversation.


VOCABULARY
Asking for news
A B C
1 W hat have you been up to? \ a He’s really happy. V I'm s till teaching maths.
2 I’ve ju st started a new job. \ b Not much. w No? How are th in gs at work?
3 How is it? \ c Oh, great. So w h a t are you doing? X Oh, that's good.
U How's Mani? \ Some of the kids are d ifficu lt! Really?
V d
5 Anyway, w h a t’s new with you? ^ e Erm, things are very busy right now. ^ z Hm, th a t’s not good.

b Read th e scrip t on p 152 to check,

c Take tu rn s to say 1-5 and re m e m b e r the responses.

a You’re going to a cafe to m eet a group of frie n d s you haven't seen fo r six m onths.
T hink of five pieces of news to te ll them about. For exam ple:

• w o rk • fam ily • trip s and holidays • home studies • free tim e

b T h in k about h o w to :

1 give n?ws about the th in g s in 5a. I ’ve s ta rte d ...


2 say hew you feel. I'm a b i t ...
3 ask ycur friends about th e ir news. How are things a t... ?
4. react to your friends' news. That's great!
6 In groups, te ll each o th e r your news. Ask questions to find ou t more.
Keyword tust
1 a In w hich of these sentences fro m previous units does iust mean: a s h o rt tim e ago? only, sim ply?

1 I'v« juet started a new job. oait 0


2 My s i s t e r c a l l e d , t h e one from New Z e a la n d . S h e 's j u s t had a b ab y , wut 9
3 I ' v e j u s t b o u g h t you a p r e s e n t , unit 9
4 Some o f th e b a l l s a r e v e r y sm a ll - ju s t two c e n t i m e t r e s , ow t s
5 I n 1 9 0 0 , j u s t 13 p e r c e n t o f t h e w o r ld 's p o p u la tio n l i v e d i n c i t i e s , unit 7
6 C i t i e s w o n 't h ave j u s t one c e n t r e where ev e ry o n e g o e s t o work and sh o p , unit 7

b In the sentences w here ju s t means a sh o rt tim e ago, w hich verb fo rm is used?

2 a Add ju s t once to each line, 1-6, of the phone call. 3 a Match the sentences. Where do you th in k the
conversations take place?
3EN Hi. Rosy, it's Ben. Look, would you like to come
out to dinner tonight? 1 Can I have the bill, please?
1 ROSY Maybe. I've got back from a hard day at work. 2 Can I get you a coffee?
Wlio’s going? 3 Do you need any help?
2 3EN Well, me actually. 4 Hello, we have a reservation.
3 ROSY Oh. right. You know, I think I’m going to stay in. 5 Where are you going?
SEN That's OK. don’t worry. By the way, do you think 6 I'm sorry but Lisa’s not in at the m om ent.
Jen '11 be at home?
a Could you ju s t te ll me your names, please?
4 ROSY Actually, I've seen her at the bus stop.
b Oh. Could I ju s t leave a message?
5 BEN Really? What’s her mobile number? I have her
c I’m ju s t looking, thankyou.
home number.
d No thanks, I've ju s t had one.
6 ROSY Oh, a second. Heie you are. It's 077145 96 70.
e I ju s t have to go to the bank. I’ll be back soon,
BEN Thanks. Rosy. You're a star. Well, have a nice
f Yes, of course. Just a m om ent.
evening.
b Take tu rn s to say 1-6 and rem em ber a -f.
b * C D Listen to check. Q Then practise the
conversation in pairs.

Across cultures
Where you live, do people use gestures to com m unicate these things? W hat are they? Talk in groups.
1 Hello. 11 Stop!
2 Goodbye. 12 Be quiet
3 Yes and no. 13 W hat's the tim e?
4 I don’t know. 14 It’s good.
5 I’m not sure. 15 It’s bad.
6 Come here. 16 It's a secret.
7 I’d like the menu. 17 He's crazy.
8 I’d like the b ill. 18 He's rich.
9 OK, I understand. 19 Thank ycu.
10 Please wait. 20 Sorry.

• f e ll) Listen to Pete la lk about a gesture he »aw when


he lived ir, Egypt.

1 Did he understand the gesture?


2 What does it mean?

Read the scrip t on p152 to check.

Ask and answ er the questions together.

1 Have you ever had an experience like Pete’s?


2 Do you know any different gestures from other countries o r places you’ve visited?
3 Do you th in k people w here you live use a lot of gestures when they speak?

79
Writing
S om etim es we get in vita tio ns parties
but can’t go. What reasons can you th in k of?

Read the tw o em ails fro m Adam.


1 Why d id n 't he go to Kim 's party?
2 Why can't he go to the lunch on the 14th?

Read the em ails again and put these events


in o rd e r fro m 1 (first) to 7 (last).
Kim 's party Q ] go to Porto □ meet Sean Ö
phone Kim EH return from Porto O
retirem ent lunch fo r M arina □ see Kim □

^ M wwi «•eftnv«'-' i

[33123223 ESA
tlttOI(4M) »lion
Party
CMttXK Mi (WWW
Stc*;hmau»«!
S*ot1l«»txß
Hi K im ,
5 « *tn p «
IM» 'S o r r y I c o u ld n 't c o m e to y o u r p a rty la s t
ICQCut S a tu r d a y .7 1 bad a ba d c o ld a n d w as in bed all
w e e k e n d . I'v e ju s t s ta rte d t o fe e l b e tte r in th e
la s t d a y o r tw o . J H ope y o u h a d a g re a t tim e .

H o w a re th in g s a t w o rk ? E v e ry th in g 's OK h e re b u t
I h a v e to go to P orto n e x t w e e k fo r a fe w d a ys.

I 'll g iv e y o u a call to m o rr o w n ig h t a n d h o p e fu lly


w e can g e t to g e th e r th is w e e k e n d .

S ec you soon,

A dam

D ear S ean,

4 a M a tc h t h e h ig h lig h t e d e x p r e s s io n s 1-8 w it h T h a n k y o u v e ry m u c h -'or th e in v ita tio n t o th e re tire m e n t


possible endings a-f. lu n c h fo r M a rin a L o p e z o n th e 1 4 th .

a D a w a y on b u s in e s s ./o n holiday. 4 U n fo rtu n a te ly I w o n ’t be a b le to c o m e b e c a u s e s I’D b e in


b □ □ a great party. / a w onderful evening. P o r to .61 h a v e t o m a k e a c o u p le o f p re s e n ta tio n s t o o u r
c □ take my children to the doctor’s. / w o rk late sa le s te a m th e re b u t I’ll b e b a c k o n Friday. Is it p o s s ib le to
d D D c o m e to your party. / attend the m eeting. s e e y o u o n th e 1 9 th (M o n d a y)? I ’v e ju s t re c e iv e d a c o p y o f
e L ) a bad cold. / a dentist's appointment. Y u lia ’s re p o rt a n d w o u ld lik e to d is c u s s it w ith you .
f □ I’ll m iss the lunch. / 1w on’t see you.
7 I ’m s o rry I’ll m is s th e lu n c h .81 h o p e y o u h a v e a g o o d
b W hich expressions 1 -8 are for-. tim e . P le a s e g iv e M a r ir a m y fciest w is h e s .

1 apologies Yours, Adam


2 excuses Adam Clarke
3 good wishes Technical Manager

5 a You’re going to w rite an e m a il of apology. Choose


o n e o f t h e s i t u a t io n s .

1 You've been invited to an event by a friend or Then th in k about:


relative. You can't go because you have other
things to do on th a t day. Who invited you?
2 You were invited to an event by someone from W hat is / was the svent? When is / was it?
a n o th e r company. You d id n 't go because you Why can't / d idn't you go?
had to do som ething im portant, o r som ething b W rite yo u r em ail.
you d idn't expect.
Read some o th e r students’ em ails. Do you th in k
they give good reasons fo r not going?

80
Look again G
Extension
VOCABULARY E xtrem e adjectives SPELLING AND SOUNDS -ge, -dge, -age

1 a Can you rem e m b e r th e extrem e adjectives? 1 a • You say -ge and -dge as /d ^ /. When it’s not
stressed, you say -age as / l i z / . Listen and repeat.
angry - f urious 6 pleased - d_
cold - f_____ 7 sure - p__
/d s f /id 3 /
tig h te n e d - t __ 8 surprised - a_
hot - b_____ 9 tired - e_____ age bridge average
hungry - s_____ huge judge language
b Ask and answ er the questions in groups.
b Add th e co rre ct endings fo rth e s e w ords, -ge,
How do you feel: -dge o r -age.
1 cn Monday m orning?
2 at the end of a w orking week? vill... chan... lugg... fri.. mess... oran...
3 v/hen you m eet an old friend? pa... lar... arran...
4 after you’ve ju s t finished some housework? c i S pellcheck. Close your book. Listen to ten
5 v/hen you've been too busy to eat lunch? w o rd s and w rite them down.
d Look at the s c rip t on p152 to check your sp elling.
GRAMMAR P resent p e rfe ct

a Complete the questions w ith Have you ever, NOTICE D escribing ideas
recently, How long.
a Can you com plete th e sentences about laughing?
1 _____ ridden a cam el o r an elephant? Look at the a rtic le on p74 again to check.
b re s e n t perfect 1, Unit 2)
1 It seems th a t la u g hte r can be good fo r y o u r ...
2 _____ have you known your closest friend?
2 One idea is that the most im portant reason for
b re s e n t perfect 2, Unit 2)
laughing is to make other people f e e l...
3 Have you bought anything n ic e ?
(□resent perfect 3, Unit 9) 3 It may be that, before people could speak,
laughter helped them to ...
b Which questions in 2a are about:

a an unfinished action o r situation?


b a finished action w ith a present result?
c your whole life up to now?
C W rite three m ore questions fo r a p a rtn e r, w itn
Have you ever, recently, How long.
d Ask and answ er a ll th e questions. Find out more
details.

CAN YOU REMEMBER? U nit 8 - Buying th in g s

3 a Match sentences 1 -7 w ith responses a-g .


b Why do people yawn? Why do they cry? Read one
1 Can I try it on? of th e te xts on p125 and p130 that you haven’t
2 Do you need any help? read before. Then te ll each o th e r w hat you
3 Can I see the big rug at the top? re m e m b e r using the highlighted expressions.
4 I could give you seventy.
5 What size is it?
6 Can I have a look at those shoes there? S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
7 Do you have any oth e r colours? Can you do these th in g s in English?(§irdei)a n u m b e r
a l:'s a m edium, on each lin e . 1 = I ca n 't do th is , 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
b 111 do it fo r seventy-five, say how you (eel
c No, thanks, I’m ju s t looking, give and respond to d iffe re n t kinds oi news
d I m afraid not. Only red. - thank people and apologise
e Yes, of course, : ask fo r news 1
f The blue one?
: w rite an e m a il o r note of apology
g The black ones?

b In pairs, cover a -g and take tu rn s to answ er 1-7 • For Wordcards, reference and saving your work » e-PortfoHo
• For more practice » Self-study Pack, Uni: 9
w ith yo ur own ideas.
K Ö lA C fta . Q iM Z
r e p (, fe_ Ä A p e ^ c t c a ? )
1 0 .1 goal
y / « C if k tiß x ft?
book a room and check into a hotel
f „ <v\ eA a g ro p M ß ffo /

. ^ “ ,a /
{ f v jjU ib & k

Getting organised A f ' G c ■ rO U # & 3 i

A place 10 stay

VOCABULARY Answer the questions.


H o te l fa c ilitie s 1 Have you ever stayed in any h o te ls? W hich w e re th e best? W h ich w e re the
w o rs t? Why?
2 A re th e re eny h o te ls n e a r w h e re you live? W hich o n e w o u ld yo u re c o m m e n d
to a v is ito r? W hy?

Read th e in tro d u c tio n to th e S un H o te l's w e b s ite . W h e re ’s the h o te l lo c a te d ?


W h a t's it c lo s e to?

P« 6 * tf*** Pfr-crte* look tiefe


\Yvm.t)00i«rx)Jel.conv'Kual8lijrnour-'sunhotel

COM

■o r i - ji a .'. - . 1

Sun H otel. Kuala L u m p u r

O ur com fortable business hotel is located in th e heart o f Kuala Lumpur. It’s just a
few minutes' walk to banks, government and business offices, embassies and a
shopping mall and it ’s only 50 minutes from Kuala Lumpur International Airport.
Each room has Internet access. Full business facilities are available.

Hot«IFacilrt»3 Maps i direcnon6 Quest iw w r e

Restaurant and ^17 i V ,3 w Prices


R M 1 5 0 -R M 1 6 0 p '1
Irttörrtet access R M 1 8 8 -P M 200

|i— tt-H, ; R M ia & - f t M 2 lO '■


OTd conference rooms I *] A ll ro o m s have an ervsurte ba th ro o m .
j O L I A ll ra te s in d u d e a • ■ ,r> .
a - ?te* onsite
o*L: «.<• Rates Quoted in Ringgit Malaysia
Ü=_ C

3 a C o m p le te th e w eb page w ith th e s e w o rd s .

double ro o m p a rk in g a ir c o n d itio n in g b u ffe t b re a k fa s t h e a lth club


tw in ro o m la u n d ry s in g le ro o m b u s in e s s c e n tre

b ' 0 L is te n to ch e c k . Q

4 W h ich th in g s do you th in k a re im p o rta n t w h e n c h o o s in g a h o te l?


Booking a room, checking in
LISTENING L iste n to Leonardo c a llin g the Sun H otel to a s k som e questions.
T ick (✓) th e th in g s he asks about,
p a rkin g In te rn e t access b re a kfa st laundry
la te a rriv a l sw im m in g pool a ir condi:ioning
Does he decide to reserve a room ?

L iste n again. A nsw er th e questions.


/\M ’ '
H ow m uch does Internet access cost? j •t
W hat tim e is Leonardo a rriv in g at the hotel? l '
W hat kind of room does he w ant? vw-(Jx
Leonardo B a rreiro s W hat day is he a rrivin g ? •*
works lor Brazilian H ow m any n ig h ts is he sta yin g 7 * .»*
com pany Rio Amazonia.
He's preparing for a rfJEEJ L iste n to Leonardo checking in a w eek la te r. W hich of these th in g s does
b u sin e ss trip to Kuala he w ant?
Lumpur. a map 2 som e sandw iches 3 help w ith his suitcase
L iste n again and:circie)the c o rre c t w ords.
Leonardo's leaving on the 3rd / 13th *
The re ce p tio n ist asks fo r his credit card / p a s s p o rt.f
Leonardo / The re ce p tio n ist fills in th e re g istra tio n card.
H is room n u m b e r is 1406 J 1416. t
The c h e ck-o u t tim e is 10.00 / 11.00.
VOCABULARY a C om plete th e sentences fro m Leonardo's conversations w ith these w ords.
Staying in a
[c h e c k -o u t have reservation book says included is charge --=7
hote l
C hecking and booking
1 Y our w e b site ,ji v ' you have In te rn e t access. Is »t w ire le s s ^ k
2 A nd is In te rn e t access S Or is th e re an e x tra for that?
3 Does th e h o te l a sw im m in g pool?
4 I'd lik e to hrr> a single ro o m fo r three n ig h ts, fro m th e 10th November.
C hecking in . ,.
5 I have a My nam e's Leonardo B arreiros
6 W hat tim e breakfast?
7 W h a t's th e c W c tim e ?
bC L iste n to check. O
G ra m m a r r e fe r e n c e
E » You say Does the hotel ha re a sw im m ing p w t? not
a n d p ra c tic e , p 1 4 2
a Match Leonardo’s sentences in 5a w ith a n sw e rs a -g .
a Yes, and we a lso have a fitn e ss room ,
b Yes, it is.
c It's fro m 6.30 to 10 am. in the dining rocm .
d C ertainly, and w h a t's your name, please?
e It's 11 am.
f S orry, coukd you s p e ll y o u r su rn a m e , please?
g No. It s in clu d e d in the room rate.

b In p airs, cover 6a and take tu rn s to re m e m b e r th e a n sw e rs to 5a. Then cover 5a


and tr y to re m e m b e r w h a t Leonardo said.

SPEAKING 9 W ork a lo n e. Look at the Sun H otel's w ebpage. P repare to:

1 book a room on the phone. Decide w h a l kin d of room you w ant, w hen and fo r
how long.
2 ch e ck in. Decide w hat questrons you w a n t to ask, fo r example, about the health
clu b , a map. breakfast tim e ...

b In p airs, p ra c tis e booking a ro o m and checking in^ Take tu rn s to be th e guest and


th e re c e p tio n is t.
1 0 .2 goal
Remember me? talk abou t plan s and a rra n g e m e n ts

l think social netw orking sites replace


people’s social lives. People don't
see each other any more. They just
communi cate through th e se sites.

I love checking my friends pages and looking at


it I think th ese stie s are great. You can then pictures, and it’s been great contacting old if
stay ifi touch w ith people who live scliocl friends again. But we don'l actually say
on the other side of th e world very much and 1 haven't met up w ith anyone.
II
J
So I’ m n o t s u r e w h y 1 g o o n iL r e a lly .

READING Read th e opinions about so cia l n e tw o rk in g site s. Then ask and a n s w e r th e


q u e s tio n s together.
1 W hich o p in io n s do you agree w ith ? Why?
2 Have you ever used a sociaL netw orking site? Why? / Why not?
3 Have you e ve r found an old frie n d online? Did you contact o r m eet the frie n d?
Are you s till in touch?
P ro n u n c ia tio n r e fe r e n c e
a n d p r a c tic e , p 1 5 6
B 1 » Be c a re fu l w ith Ihe pro n u n cia tio n of social /'s w fs V .
Read th e m essage fro m Min to Leonardo S a rre iro s o n a so cia l n e tw o rk in g site.
1 How do they know each o th e r? 3 W here does Min live n o w 9
2 When did they last see each other?
r> n o >j

h « p ; / / w w w .m yworta.co m /profile/inbox/readm essage ■Or

M yW orld.com Friends

S int Notifications Updates ■* Compose Message

L e o n a rd o , I 'v e J u s t fo u n tf y o u r p r o file . I c a n 't b e lie v e it's you ! You lo o k a b it o ld e r in y o u r p h o to b u t


y o u h a v e n 't C han ged m u c h . D o y o u re m e m b e r m e 1? vVe w o rk e d to g e th e r a t G IG in S an F ra n c is c o
a b o u t s ix y e a rs a g o . W h y d o n 't y o g g e t in to u c h w ith m e b y e m a il: m in .a n g l@ m a n g o .n e t.m y .
I 'm b a c k in K u a la L u m p u r n o w .
Min

3 Read the e m a ils between Leonardo and Min. W hat are th e ir jobs now ?

t*. t * s~ i—« I«** !***>* be*

Hi Leonarda,
Hi Min,
Great to hear from you! Of course I remember you, I t 's great tö k n o w y o u 'r e c o m in g h e re s o o n . I 'd lo v e to
and the years at GIG. They were good times. Anyway, m e e t y o u . G ive m e a c a ll w h e n yo u a r r iv e a n d w e can

things are ■fine w ith me. I moved back to Brazil a few a rra n g e s o m e th in g . M y m o b ile 's 0 1 2 - 3 2 4 2 3 4 9 , o ffic e
p h o n e 0 3 -3 2 4 1 -3 4 5 6 .
years ago and live in Rio now. s till single, but near
my parents and brother. I'm a marketing manager at M a y b e y o u '^ w o n d e rin g w h y I le ft th e S ta te s . A f t e r G IG ,
Rio Amazonia, and guess what? I was in Kuala Lumpur I w e n t t o w a rk f o r C IS M a n a g e m e n t in l a b u t i t w a s n 't
last November - my first trip. Fantastic city! fm going v e r y c h a lle n g in g - I ' l l te ll y o u a b o u t t h a t la te r - so
to be there again next month, from the 3-rd to the a n y w a y , I re tu rn e d to M a la ysia a n d g o t a g o o d jo t? w ith
6th. What's your mobile number? Maybe we could get M a la yT e ch es A d v e r tis in g M a n a g e r. I 'm s in g le , to o , b u t
together. I t would be nice to catch up on things. h a v e lo te ö f fa m ily a n d frie n d s Ittfre ln KL,

Leonardo Min

6 Read the e m a ils again. W hat do Leonardo and M in W ell, th e y b o t h m o v e d b a c k


have in com m on? to th e ir hom e co u n trie s ..
Plans and arrangements
LISTENING i Listen to a phone call between Leonardo and Min. W hy does Leonardo ca ll Min?

a to m ake a business ap p o in tm e n t c to-change an a rrangem ent


b to m ake a social a rrangem ent

•D L iste n again. W hen and w h e re do th e / a rra n g e to m eet?

•O Listen to th e ir second phone c a ll. W hat new a rra n g e m e n t do th e y m ake?

a A fte r Leonardo re tu rn s to B ra z il. Min w rite s h im an e m a il. W hat do you th in k


she says?
b R e a d h p r e m a i l o n p 1? 9 t n r h * » r k

GRAMMAR You can use d iffe re n t fo rm s to ta lk a b o u t fu tu re plans and a rra n g em e n ts.


F uture plans and M atch a -d w ith exam ples 1-4.
arrange m ents
a p re se n t progressive fo r a rra n g e m e n ts w ith people, organisations, etc
b be going to •*- infinitive fo r pe rsonal plans
The difference between a and b is very s m a ll. Often, you can use either,
c present sim ple for things w ith fixed times [train tim etables, flight schedules, etc.I
d a m / i s / a r e (with adjectives, prepositions, etc.I

1 I'm going to be there again next m o n th fro m th e 3rd to th e &th.


2 My flig h t leaves on Saturday m o rn in g at 11.15.
3 W hat are you doing on Fnday evening?
4 F riday's d iffic u lt ...I'm free on Wednesday eveninq.

We usually use tim e expressions w ith form s a -d to say w hen som ething is
happening. For exam ple, next m onth, on Friday evening, a t 1T.15.

J S » You say What are you doing on Fnday evening? not Wheri do you do on- Frtdayevextrt
a Choose th e best fo rm (or fo rm s ) to com plete th e questio n s.

1 W hat [you do| a fte r class?


What a re you doing a fte r class 7 o r What are you going to do a fte r class?
2 W hat tim e Ith is cla ss fin is h }9
3 lyou gol anyw here on yo u r next holiday?
4 W hat (you have) fo r d in n e r tonight?
5 lyou bei busy to m o rro w evening?
6 W hat tim e (the shops close tonightl?
7 _ (you m eet) any frie n d s th is weekend?
8 (you w ork) to m o rro w afternoon?
b ■* D Listen to check. O

NUNCfATIQN 7 a t O Listen to the questions in 6a a g a in,(fri the c o rre c t u n d e rlin e d w o rd in


Bnation in ru le s a and b.
estions a In yes / no q u e stio n s (s ta rtin g Are, Do. etc.). the intonation often goes up / down
a t th e end.
b In in fo rm a tio n quest ons (sta rtin g What. Who. etc.), the intonation often goes
u p /d o w n at the end.

b P ra ctise saying th e q uestions w ith th e rig h t in to n a tio n . O

-K IN & 8 A sk and a n sw e r th e questions in 6a. Find out m ore in fo rm a tio n .

9 T p II thp c la ss about yo u r p a rtn e r's m o st in te re s tin g p la n s and a rra n g p m p n te


Target activity
1 0 .3 goal
Arrange to meet up talk, about plans anil arrangements
m a k e a nd change a rra n g e m e n ts

TASK LISTENING 1 Ask and answer the questions together.


1 W hat do you th in k is the best way to spend tim e w ith friends?
2 Does anyone you know cancel arra n g e m e n ts a lot? What reasons do they give9

I Listen to Jason and Akio arranging to meet in their free time. What do they
arrange to do?

*Ö Listen to their next conversation. Who's going to the performance on


Saturday? Who's going on Sunday?

TASK £ *D « C l Listen to both co n ve rsa tio n s a g a in.'C ircle the u n d e rlin e d expressions
VOCABULARY th a t they say.
A rra n g in g to Checking
m eet up 1 Are you doing anything th is week? / tonight?
2 Do you fancy having lunch? / going too?
A rra n g in g a da te and tim e
3 Can you m ake Saturday? / th e 12th?
& Can you do to m o rro w ? / 3.S0?
C ancelling and re a rra n g in g
5 I’m s o rry but I can't m ake it to m o rro w / on Saturday.
6 Can w e p o s tp o n e ? / Can w e do it a n o th e r tim e ?

5 a W ork alone.

1 T h in k o f th re e th in g s you'd lik e to do w ith frie n d s . F or example:


• have a m e a l at your hom e • w atch a sp o rts event
• go to a c o n ce rt • have a p a rty • go fo r a picnic
W rite dow n fo u r tim es w hen you're free.

YV \ \ \ \ \ \ V \ M SI M m

7- Mcrcisij, 7 pm
% Tuesday, :
*< Srfhfdaij e/emr>^

Hi. A hm ed. Are b Make a rra n g e m e n ts w ith three d iffe re n t peDple. Find someone to do each th ir : r
you doing anything
tom orrow ? a W ork alone. You have to cancel two of your a rra n g e m p n K DQcide w h ich tw o .s-: -

/ tom orrow , 12 am - cancel because: m eeting at work

b Talk to th e tw o people you m ade the


Hi. A hm ed. S orry b u t I c a n 't moke
a rra n g e m e n ts w ith . Cancel and agree
it to m o rro w . I've got a m eeting at
on a d iffe re n t date and tim e.
w o rk . Can w e postpone?

§
EXPLORE

ford make
■+ noun P a tte rn s w ith make

a Add the expressions w ith m ake to th e ta b le . 3 a Look at the h ig h lig h te d expressions w ith m ake.
Does m ake m ean:
ke an a p p o in tm e n t m a ke frie n d s
a cause som ething to happen or cause a state?
ke a p ro fit m ake a snack m ake m istakes
b create som ething?
ke some sala d m ake repaym ents

r ------------------------ T he m o st im p o rt an c r e a s c n f o r la u g h in g i.s
C o th e r th in g s CO "3he o rh d people fe e l good. emit »
• A money B food, dhnk
Way do sen? -.linecses - ; -- t
■m ake money m ake d inner m ake WCitf? WEliT >
a rra n g e m e n ts ' ' cm c a n u s e i c c o n a k c - : e r h o c . ä h •
tfo<t m a y p e o p le w c j! d s a y t h a - sh o p p in g in
th eir lo ca l supermarket -*is s :: •••' r.?ppy.
»you th in k o f m ore expressions fo r A-C ? a»lt I

s le te th e qu e stio n s w ith th e c o rre ct fo rm of b W hich h ig h lig h te d expressions are:


ke and these w ords.
a make + object + verb?
a m eal a phone c a ll presentations b make + object *■ adjective?
J W hen w as the last tim e y o u to another
|<B un try? Talk to g e th e r ab o u t w h a t m akes you:
I p o you u s u a lly . before you go s h o p p in g 7 fu rio u s happy fe e l exhausted
Have you ever fo r m o re than six people? feel energetic cry laugh
Do you ever have t o . to a lot of people?
W ell, th is sounds stra n g e but
! tw o m o r e q u e s tio n s w it h make fo r a
w eddings alw ays m ake m e cry
er. Then a n s w e r a ll th e questions. v _ ^ ---------------------------- -

lent leavntog improve your listening


I änsw er th e q u e s tio n s in groups.

fe a t w o u ld you like to be able to un d e rsta n d better in English?


p n g s , the news, co n ve rsa tio n s in shops ... I
an yth in g that m akes lis te n in g d iffic u lt fo r you?

C
te n to th re e people ta lk in g about how they im p ro ve
tn in g . W ho: 5
Ms E nglish fo r tra ve l?
1
i E nglish a t home?
. E nglish fo r w o rk ? K 'l -
t rem em b e r w ho does th e se th in g s?
Martin from France
i to o th e r people s conversations.
i to thin g s on the In te rn e t and le a rn new w ords,
sple to repeat o r explain w ords.
i what o th e r people m ig h t say and prepare the answ ers.

sen again to check.

ijrou th in k ab o u t th e ir ideas? Give reasons.

, m ake a lis t of ideas about how to im prove yo u r lis te n in g :

: live m o r v is it an E n g lish -sp e a kin g country,


tow n country.

j r lis t w ith th e one on p i 26. W hich ideas w o u ld you lik e to try?


EXPLORESpeaking
1 Read the in fo rm a tio n . W hy is it a good idea to use que stio n s: use- questions to introduce invitations and requests
before in v ita tio n s ? befo re requests?

Before in vita tio ns, a q u e stio n m akes it easier fo r the o th e r person to say 'no*.
Are you free ? -> Erm, I'm a b it busy. —> Do you want to go fo r a quick coffee ? —» No. sorry. I've got too much to do.
Before requests, a question prepares the o th e r person fo r the request.
Do you have a p e n ? - * Yes. I think so. -» Can I use it fo r a m om ent?

• C D Listen to th re e conversations.
Match th e m w ith p ic tu re s A -C .

In conversation 1. Anna asks a q u e stio n (1)


and then gives an in v ita tio n (?).
In conversations 2 and 3. u n d e rlin e :
1 a question to introduce ar» invitation
o r request.
2 an invitation o r a request.
c

ANNA Did r tell you? I'm going to


the cinema next week with
©
LEO Hello
I ,

some fnends. JO Hi, Leo. It's Jc How are you?


ROSE Oti. yeah? What aie ygu going LEO Not bail Is everything OK w th
4 •
to see? you?
ANNA 'Metropolis’ I t ’s -mat *iie JO Yeah. ür.e. Erm. what are you
Roxy doing tomorrow?
ROSE Oh, nglu. That’s a good film LEO I'm working an day tram
ANNA ’Areyou ftse o n Thursday tw e lv e t o e le v e n . Why, Jo"? Q
eyeuntt? JO Do you want to mset up for e ANNA Sorry to bothor you. Rose
ROSE Erm,-yes. 1 am. actually. coffee m the morning? Have you got a moment?
ANNA *WeL would Vau life to qome LEO Sorry, T’ll be too cued r neveE ROSE Yes. Go aiisad
with us? get up in tire morning ANNA Sony, but could you help me
ROSE That would be really nice. JO Oh. 0 1 Well maybe next with Ely computet’
Anna What time4? time ROSE I can uy. What's the problem?
ANNA. 1 need to pnnt something
but it's no? warkiny.
a Read! the b eg inn in g s o f six conve rsa tio n s. ROSE Again? OK Let's have a look.
In pairs, decide w h a t s p e a k e rs A and B coutd say
next.

1 a Do you tike Chinese food? a Choose one a ctivity. T hink about th e language
8 Yes, I do. y o u 'll nsed fo r requests and in vita tio n s.
a Welt, wout<J you tike to ...? 1 You w a n t to go to a fo o tb a ll m atch tom orrow .
a W hat a re you doing to m o rro w ? You have fo u r free tickets.
b N othing, really. 2 You w a n t to buy som e new clothes. You’d like
A ...
some frie n d s to com e with you.
Are you in te re s te d in a rt exhibitions? 3 You're m oving fla t o r house th is weekend. Yc-
need a few people to help.
L You w ant to go to a concert o r show w ith so rr f
Have you got y o u r m o b ile here? friends.

b Talk together. Find people to do th e a c tiv ity with


Are you going to the p a rty to n ig h t? you.

c W hich a c tivity did you choose? W ho's going to de


it w ith you? T e ll th e class.
Do you have any p la n s fo r the weekend?

b P ractise yo u r co nversations.
Look again O

Review Extension
VOCABULARY Hotel collocations SPELLING AND SOUNDS au, aw h J

1 a M atch w ords fro m A an d B to m a ke h o te l U a • C D You usually say au and aw as h \ f . Listen


collocations. and repeat these words.
la u n d ry sauna sa w a w fu l
A B
a ir en-suite breakfast parking b Complete these w o rd s With au o r aw.
In te rn e t business bathroom club tu m n d „ g h te r d r exh_ sted
b u ffet double room conditioning t_ _ ye r s ce s tr_ _ b e rry y n
private health access centre
c * C E > A few w o rd s have a d iffe re n t p ro n u n cia tio n .
b Can you th in k of m o re h o te l co llocations? L iste n and repeat.

c In groups, magine the perfect hotel for you. laugh aunt A u s tra lia sausage
W hat fa c ilitie s w o u ld it have? Why? d • B 3 Spellcheck. Close your book. Listen to ten
words and write them down.
GRAMMAR Future plans and arrangements
e Look at the script on p168 to check your spelling.
a Complete the telephone conversation with the
correct form of these words. NOTICE Work

have get jx2) is can't go 5 a Look at th e sentences w ith w o rk from th is u n it.


can 1x2) leave take _______ M atch th e w ords w ith th e d e fin itio n s a -d .
I need to p rin t s o m e th in g bu t it's not w o rk in g
Kim HL John. How arc you? i haven’t heard from you
(Anna, scrip t p 168)
forages
joHM I know, sorrv. Where aie you?1 _ you talk now?
I chat w ith the people I w o rk 1 w ith, u su a lly a fte r
« im I'm ai the airport. actually.
w o r k \ and w hen they say som ething I can’t
^ohm Reaiiy? Where 2_ you2___ 7
understand. I say. W ait!’ IM artin, s c rip t p U 8 i
»um To Italy. 14 a meeting there tomorrow.
>ohm Oh. nght- Look, Julie: and 15 ___ mamed in June I plan everything and th e n when I get there. I
■on Congratuis lions' can understand th in g s better. It u su a lly w o rk s 1
johm Can you come? The wedding * on the 16th. quite w e ll. (Alexei, s c rip t p168)
wm The l& b?O h.sorry.17 ____ I * ______ a holiday
a the thing you do to e a rn m oney (noun)
in Jura
b do a job (verb)
johm That's too bad. Well, maybe we * meet
c is broken (verb)
another lime
d is successful (verb)
mm Sure Listen. I have to ran My plane18 in
20 minutes. b Ask and answ er th e q u e stio n s in groups.
l äjhn CK. Give me a call when y o u 11_____ back, OK?
1 Is there anything that d o e sr't w o rk in your
«im TwiIL Bye. and speak to you soon
home or place o f w o rk o r study at the m om ent?
tn p a irs , change five o r six d e ta ils in the 2 W hat do you do w hen som ething you need to
iversation. Then p ra c tis e yo u r conversation. use doesn’t w ork?
3 W hat's th e best w ay to team a language? What
TOU REMEMBER? Unit 9- Reacting to news, w o rk s best fo r you?
ting, apologising U Do you chat to people at w ork d uring the d a y7
When?
lj)th e best response to these statements.
a I passed m y drivin g te s t yesterday.
S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
8 Cheers. / W e ll done! Can you do these things in English?Circle a number
a My m u m 's not very w e ll. on each line. 1 = I can t do this, 5 = I can do this well.
b I'd like to apologise. / I'm s o rry to h e a r that
book a ro o m and check mlo a h o te l
a Can I get you a d rin k?
tatk abou t plans a nd a rra n g e m e n ts
8 That s very kin d of you. / T h a t’s great!
m a k e and c h a n je a r r a n ^ m e n t s
a I've h a d a h e a d a c h e f o r t h r e e d o y c n o w .
use questions to in trc d u ee in vitations and
s That's n o t good. I Sorry!
req uests

oairs, take turns to say 1-4 and remember the


• For Wurdcartls. reference and saving your wkwX. - e -P o n fd »
nses. * For more praette« » SeTf-stud? Pack. Unit 10
11.1 goals
ta lk about hom es and h ousing
d e s c rib e im a g in ary situations

Spaces
Moving
o
^ www.he»m-eehange.arg/fonum/australu»/general ▼ fc- *v 4

h o m a c h a n g e .o rg

h o n w tla n g e forum > austraiia > -general


An average Australian will move eleven times in their life. ‘ r g > . .run - t y rraigs*

When I read this statistic. I was SHOCKED! I'm from a sm all to w n and I now live 2 km from w here I grew
up. LaurenF

I'm m oving at the end o f this m onth and th a t makes 21 moves since I was 18. I'm 42 this m onth. 77?

I hate m oving. I w a n t to stay in one place fo r my kids but we're always having to m ove because o f m y
jo b . DomoZOOO

VOCABULARY Read the p o s tin g s fro m a w e b site about moving hom e. Then ask and a n s w e r the
D escribing questions.
hom es 1 W hat do you th in k about the in fo rm a tio n in th e postings?
2 How m any tim e s have you moved in you r life?
3 W hat a re the reasons you o r people you know have m oved7
4 How do you fe e l about m oving hom e?
Read the a d v e rtis e m e n ts fro m an estate agent's in Sydney. A u s tra lia . Match photos
A -C w ith d e s c rip tio n s 1-3 .

O A com fottab)e hou se tri the countryside


w ith tw o bedrooms, a spacious modern
kitch en . a fireplace and air conditioning.
B arb ecu e aiea next to swim m ing pool and
beautilul garden with tiee s Perfect for
people w ho love p eace an d ciuiet $20 0 p e r w e e k S350 p e r w e e k
L o n g b e a c h R oad, C e n tu r y T o w e r,
Long B each S ydney

T his in extern one-bedroom 0Ju s* around the com er Horn the


apartment on the 31st floor b ea ch , this tw o-storey hom o has
is close to the a t y cen tre
tw o bedrooms, a traditional kitchen
It fa ce s east and h a s great
and a la ig e bathroom T h e living
view s o f the dry. Comfortable
room faces north, so it's w ann in
living room, w ooden floors
winter and. cool id summen T he
and balcony M odem $360 p e r w e e k
balcony at the b a c * is perfect for
bathroom No parking W a lla c ia , F a r N o r th
lelaxing 3.5 horns from Sydney.
C oast

P ro n u n c ia tio n re fe re n c e
m » Be c a re fu l w hen you say c o m fo rta b le /'k .\m ft3 b L ’. Tt only has three syllables.
a n d p ra c tic e , p 1 5 7

a Read th e a d v e rtis e m e n ts again and fin d w ords fo r:


outdoor features \ barbecue 2 s.^ 3 g ..^‘ ' ^ b.<=r ~ 5 p ^ A
in d o o r features 6 fireplace 7 a .ij c®**1 8 w>.-‘ fLe»-ervS ,.<p*' , w- ,
describing room s 9 com fortable 10 s.o jtH 1 m*«* 12 t i P 13 l . r \ U 15 c.sf- •
b < « 5 B Listen to check. Q
Match 1 -6 w ith a - f to m ake sentences about homes.
1 1 live in a;* '-------------- ^ a the city centre
2 It's on — - - the m ountains.
3 T h e re ’s a la rg e living room w ith * U people w ho love peace and quiet
X 'C
L 1t's close to —_ —-— — y X J d tw o -s to re y apartm ent.
5 11 has a w o n d e rfu l view o f __ \ 'e the 10th floor.
6 It's p e rfe c t fo r ______ v f a balcony.
SPEAKING 5 Talk about y o u r hom e or a hom e you know w e ll. A sk questions to find o u t m ore.
a ry r e fe r e n c e X l » You say Which flo o r do you live on? not Which-ftoor-do y o trtrvcm-7 ^ / ^
practice?, p 1 5 2

I I live in a th re e -sto re y b u ild in g . |


uuii;,

A dream home
LISTENING 1 • S S D L iste n to Donna and Jose outside the.estate a g e n t’s.
1 W ho lik e s th e idea of moving? Who d o e sn 't lik e th e idea?
2 W hich places A -C on p90 do they ta lk about?
2 1 2 X 3 L iste n again. A n sw e r th e qu e stio n s. .
1 W hy does Jose th in k they can t move? I.wo reasons! —*
2 W hat s o lu tio n does Donna suggest?

GRAMMAR 3 Read p a rt o f th e c o n v e rs a tio n .(§ rc ^ > th e c o rre c t a n s w e r in 1 and 2. 'w c \r /- f


id oonna Imagine it we I : homo from woik. goior a swim —J . { i. » ft 4ft*)

That would • nice, yflflh


Vo r j.4 ^ -
1 They're ta lk in g about the past / the present o r fu tu re .
tjjv t
2 They're ta lk in g about a situ a tio n th a t is real / is not real.

U a C om plete th e g ra m m a r ta b le w ith d. w ould 1x3) and w o u ld n 't 1x2). !>** V'

TV
*0 W hat hdo in the m id d le of nowhere? you change y o u r job?
O I bet you V A - ^ i n d a nice little school nearby. Yes, I th in k I \<5_^v4. actually.
O I ^ t f k :ik\& ant to move schools. No, I W ctuIA v '

d = w ould

b • C5D Listen to check. Q

5 a C om plete these d e s c rip tio n s of ideal hom es w ith w o u ld o r 0 and verbs fro m
the box.

be (x3) have (x2) like 1x21

U * tr
vlJ'*VL’
tfl Right now I live in a very small apartment. so I th in *
horne ’ pretty much like th e piace
my ideal homa wva'1öt m ore spaco. It ‘a^
.now b u t 12 L to b e fifteen degrees
big living room, a big kitchen, big everything. 1 6 i %■}**-
so instead of growing lettuce and spinach
to have m aybe tw o bedrooms, one fo rm e and one for
grow th in g s like m angoes and oian ges and
g u ests. Also there ^ re a lly fcig windows with
T t a t 3 v ^ ^ i e a i l y perfect
view s of th e mountains, like my old houie in Brazil. ^ ^
99
Trinidad and Tobago (n o w äves in England) E d va itk* fio m B razil
r reference
ee, p143 b v « S > L iste n to check. W hat do you th in k of N a ta lie 's and Eduardo s ideas?

-AKING a What would your ideal home be like? Think about:


• location • size • room s • in d o or features • o u td o o r features • elim ale

b Talk in gro u p s. W hat do you th in k o f each o th e r s ideas?

91
1 1 .2 goafs
Le Corbusier ta lk about hom es and housing
discuss pros and cons

Le Corbusier [1897-
1 V65j was a Swiss-
Fren-ch -architect. He
built this tower block
called Unite d'habitation.

READING Look at the photos and answer the questions together.


1 W hat can you see in the pictures?
2 W ould you like to live in a place like this?
3 Do m any people live in to w e r blocks w here y-ou live?
4 W hat do you th in k are the good and bad points about living in a tower block

2 Read the article about Le Corbusier. Which paragraphs A-F are about:
1 a city he designed? _
2 w h y som e people d islik e his ideas'5 ___
3 w h y his ideas m iy h t be im p o rta n t to r (he fu tu re ?
■4 people's d iffe re n t opinions about his w o rk? ^
5 his ideas for tower blocks? __
6 his to w e r block in France?

Le Corbusier - architect of the future?


' To some people, he is the father of a million ugly tower cities. Chandigarh. It is set around a large man-made lake
blocks, shopping centres and muto-storey car parks. To and is full o f parks, trees and flowers. It has 4 6 areas,
others, he was a genius, a man who dreamed o f safe each with its own apartment blocks, shops and services.
and com fortable cities for everyone, rich o r poor. His One resident, Ranjit Sehgal. says. “Chandigarh was for
name was Le Corbusier and his buildings can be seen in many a dream in the desert, a new beginning. People are
Europe, North and South America -and Asia. terribly proud of being from Chandigarh."

3 Le Corbusier saw concrete and tow er blocks as a way r However, there is another side to the story. Other
of providing inexpensive, quiet and spacious homes for architects trie d to use Le Corbusier's ideas, but the?
everyone. He thought tow er blocks should have their own tower blocks were sometimes very different. They wer?
indoor ‘streets’ with shops, cafes, schools and sports cheaply built vvth small, dark apartments and paper-
centres, and be close to historic city centres. thin walls. They v/ere built far from city centres, with
indoor shops or streets. Some writers on urbanisation
1 Le Corbusier used these ideas in one of his most
believe tow er blocks like these create social problems,
famous designs, the twelve-storey Unite d'habitation in
like crim e and violence, and they blame Le Corbusier
Marseille, built in 1952. Today, the tow er block is home
the problems o f modern city life.
to 1 .6 0 0 people. It's a popular address and neighbours
get on well. It has an indoor shopping street, social ' Laurent Bouvier, an expert on the architect, disagree:
clubs, a Kindergarten, a gym and a hotel. There is even a *With more than half the world's population now liv - r
swimming oool and a rooftop garden. in cities." he sa/s, “ it's time to look at Le Corbusie'
work again. His itfeas were misunderstood in the 2C*
: However, perhaps the best example of Le Corbusiers
century, but they may be the answer to the problems
m sun for modem urban living is in India. 250 km north
the 21st."
There rr£ b u it one of the world's m ost unusual
3 Read the a rtic le again. According to th e w rite r, w h o has o r had these opinions?
1 Tower blocks should have th e ir ow n fa cilitie s.
2 People fro m C handigarh are p ro u d to live th e re .
3 Le C o rb u sie r is responsible fo r s o m e o f the p ro b le m s im cities today.
U People should th in k about Le C orbusier's ideas again.
5 Le C o rb u sie r’s ideas could help create b e tte r c itie s in the future.
£ Talk to g e th e r W hich opinions in 3 do you acree and disagree w ith? Why?

The thing i s ...


VOCABULARY Read w h a t som e people say about C handigarh. W hich h ig h lig h te d expressions
Talk about pros show positive, negative o r n e u tra l opinions?
and cons

rst thin# about


igarh .3. it's too quiet
parents live there and it's
for them - a city for
people. But it’s not
I like the noise, the
, the smells of Delhi!

p G u p ta ,
Jtves in D elhi Le Corbusier w a s tlie artist of The »lung is, Chandigarh is
concrete. T h e trouble is, concrete too popular. Designed for a
is not beautiful to look at. It can population of up to 500.000.
T h e b est thing about the
look dirty a rd depressing if it’s it's now home to double
college is. it's so g re en
not cleaned regulaily. that or möre.
w ith lots of light inside
D e vi Rameesh, Neeaa Ramesh,
, student
resident o f Chandigarh re sid e n t o f Chandigarh
?o/A ir
Choose one o f these to p ics and com plete 1 -4 w ith y o u r opinions.
• to w e r blo cks • living in th e co u n try * m odern a rch ite ctu re • living in th e city

1 The bad / w o rs t thing a b o u t... i s . ...


2 The good / best thing a b o u t... is. ...
3 The th in g i s . ...
4 The tro u b le / problem i s , ...
The best thing about tow er blacks is. you get a grea t view.
1 2 » You say The best thing about the college /s. i t s so green not best about the

NCIATION 3 a < People speak in g ro u p s o f w o rd s. Listen and p u t / / between th e tw o groups


in each sentence:
1 The w o rs t thing about C handigarh is /V it's to o quiet.
2 The best th in g about the college is. it's so green.
3 The th in g is. Chandigarh is too popular.
U The tro u b le is. concrete is no t b e a u tifu l to lo o k at.
b P ractise saying the sentences.

U L iste n to each o th e r's ideas fro m 2. Do you agree?

5 a W ork alone. T h in k about the area w here you live , and a re a s near w h e re you live
W hat are th e pros and cons of each p la c e 7
• location • tra ve l services and shops • th in g s to do
• the e n viro n m e n t » oth e r
b L iste n to each o th e r's opinions and ask q uestions to fin d ou t n o re . If you re fro m
th e sam e place, do you agree?
Target activity
1 1 .3 goals
Talk about a problem des-cnbe imaginary situations «,
d iscu ss pros an d cons .
ta lk a b out ways to solve p roblem s

D o n n a a n d N te risa a r e ta lk in g a b o u t M a ris a 's d a u g h te r. E /a


Eva r e n ts a ro o m in C a n b e rra w it h a fa m ily , th o P ie rc e s ,

TASK LISTENING 1 • CED Listen to Donna and M a risa ’s conversation. W hat problem do they ta lk a b o u t'

2 • C D L iste n again. W hich s u g g e s tio n fo r Eva does M a risa th in k is a good idea?

1 O rganise h e r day so she d o e sn 't see .he Pierces' daughter.


2 Talk to the daughter.
3 Talk to M r and M rs Pierce.
4 W rite to M r and Mrs Pierce.
5 Move to a d iffe re n t flat.

TASK 3 a Match 1 -5 with a-e to make sentences from the conversation.


VOCABULARY
C ould she o rg a n is e \ a ta lk to the parents, actually,
Solving problem s Maybe she should b w rite to them ?
I'd p ro b a b ly \ c ta lk to her.
W ould it be possible to \ *d if that doesn’t w o rk !
I ’d te ll h e r to move - x e her day so she d oesn't see the d a u g h te r7

b Read the s c rip t on p169 to check.

c Cover 1-5 and look at a-e. In pairs, try tc complete the suggestions.

A W hat do you th in k Eva should do? Why?

5 ' C D L iste n to Paula and Leonardo ta lk in g about p ro b le m s they have


^ w ith people. W hat problem does each person have?

6 a T hink about each situation.


1 How you wouLd feel? I th in k i'd f e e l...
2 W hat w o u ld you do? T h in k of two o r three ideas. I'd s a y ...

My b ro th e r lives in b Talk about y o u r ideas in gro u p s. W ho has th e best ideas?


:K of flats, and
t f * person in the 7 a T hink about s im ila r problem s you. op som eone you know , has had w ith people
him often hom e o r a t w o rk .

b In groups, discuss the p ro b le m s and ways to solve them .


EXPLORE

Keyword there
1 P u l the w o rd s in o rd e r to m ake sentences fro m d W rite a d e scrip tio n of y o u r hom e and fa vo u rite
p re vio u s un its w ith th e re ♦ be. room , lik e E la ’s.

1 T h e re / v i-fc / a la rg e liv in g room / 's / e L iste n to each o th e r’s d e scrip tio n s. W hat are
s balcony, cu t u o th e r people's fa v o u rite room s? W hy?
2 Thfti’c / second-hand stalls / scoe- / just
cve-r there / a r * . un.e « 3 a You can also use th e re to avoid re p e a tin g places.
2. Ifce-r«? / less t r a f f ic / ’ 11 r be f in 2050 /
Replace a group o f w o rd s in 1-5 w ith th e re .
gh the roads, o u t *
there
a N o tice the d iffe re n c e betw een th e re and it / they. 1 I love I he Golden Lion cafe. I go A to th fr-Ootdert
W hich hig hlig h te d w ords; b to n quite often on m y way home.
2 My favourite room at hom e is ih e kitchen. We
1 introduce new ideas?
do everything in th e kitchen, cooking, ta lkin g ,
2 re fe r back to e a rlie r ideas?
everything.
T here's g cafe round the corner. It opens a t ten. 3 I usually a rriv e at w o rk a t the sam e tim e every
There are lo ts o f lovely p a rk s to go to. T hey're day. I usually get to w o rk at e ig h t th irty,
u su a lly free. 4 W hen I need to relax. I go to the rive r near my
house. I probably go to the riv e r once o r tw ice
b C om plete E la’s d e s c rip tio n o f h e r fla t w ith th e re
a week.
1x21, it (x2J and they (x1 ].
5 I spend a lot of tim e at m y parents house. I stay
W elL ift our Qat are five room s. ‘s a
at m y parents house tw o or three tim es a week.
living room, and a bedroom - quite big - b Change the Sentences in 3a so Ühey're tru e fo r you.
and we also have a study, a kitchen and a batfuoom. Then com pare yo u r sentences.
I suppose my favourite room is the study. 's
I spend a to! o f tim e a t m y frie n d s house.
also t h e sm a lle st zo o m b u t ’s tfcg room th a t I
I go there aimos t every day.
really feel is m ine. 1 don’t just work in the study:
I a lso like to lie on th e s o fa and read a good to o k . ^

C • 1 2 3 Listen to c h e c k . O

ss cultures bours
Look a t the e xp re ssio n s in the box. T ick ( / I th e places you have live d in.
Com pare in groups.

a house a s u b u rb a v illa g e a city centre a town centre


a studen t fralL1' / a d o rm ito ry -: a block of fla ts / an a p a rtm e n t blcck

a W ho are yo u r n e ig hb o u rs? Do you kn o w them ? Are th e y frie n d ly ?

Listen to Megan ta lk in g about h e r experience of n e ig hb o u rs in


d iffe re n t cou ntrie s.

1 W here d oes s h e live now?


2 W here did she live in the past?

< E E ? Listen again. W hat does she say ab o u t h e r n e ig hb o u rs in each place?

T e ll each o th e r about th e places w h e re you live now.

1 Do neighbours usually say h e llo when th e y see each other? Do they stop and chat?
2 Do they ever help each o th e r w ith th in g s tike shopping o r taking care o f c h ild re n ?
| 3 Is it n o r m a l f o r peopt« t o v ib it n e w neighbours a n d in tro d u ce them selves?
u Do neighbours spend free tim e together, o r organise th in g s together? W hat do they do?
s 5 Do th e ir c h ild re n play o r go to sc h o o l tog e th e r?
6 Do people g e n e ra lly live n e a r o th e r m e m b e rs of th e ir fam ily?

W hat are y o u r e xp e rie n ce s of n e ig hb o u rs in o th e r places yo u V e lived?


IPLOREWriting Goal
1 a Have you eve r re n te d an a p a rtm e n t? w rite a le tte r o r em ail of c om plaint

W hat pro b le m s can people have?


Make a lis t.

Can't open a window, a broken lig h t ...

b Read Jose's le tte r. A re his p ro b le m s on


y o u r list?

2 d Cover th e le tte r. Can you re m e m b e r th e


m issing in fo rm a tio n in th is s u m m a ry of
the problem s?

1 The ... is bro ke n .


2 Jose and Dound c a n 't find ...
3 The ... d o e sn 't w o rk p ro p e rly .
L They've asked fo r som eone to ... bu t ...
5 They a re ve ry unhappy ab o u t th e ...

b Read the le tte r again to check.

3 W hich w o rd s o r e xp re ssio n s in th e le tte r


are used to:

1 explain the reasons fo r w ritin g ? 1x21


2 make a lis t of co m p la in ts? (x4)
3 m ake requests? (x1)

4 a You’re going to w rite a le tte r o r e m a il 3105 Century Tower


of c o m p la in t W ith a p a rtn e r, read th e
Sydney
Situation and decide on detail«; together.
December 20.2010
1 You’ re re n tin g a hom e. When did you
move in? Dear H r Scott.
2 You have two o r three p ro b le m s w ith
the hom e. W hat are they? I am w ritin g to complain about the service provided by your
3 What do you w a n t th e o w n e r o r agency agency. My wife and I moved into 3105 Century Tower on
to do about the problem s? September 12. Ws are generally happy w ith the apartment,
b T h in k about: but unfortunately there are a number of problems.

1 how m any p a ra g rap h s to w rite . F irst, the a ir conditioning is broken, which is m aking the
2 w hat s ho u ld go in each paragraph.
apartment very uncomfortable. Another problem is, we can’t
3 w hich expressions fro m 2 and 3 you’d
find the key fo r tJie balcony door. Also, the intercom doesn't
like to use.
■work properly, so visito rs sometimes can’t hear what we’re
5 W ork alone and w rite an e m a il o r le tte r saying.
o f co m p la in t about y o u r s itu a tio n .
We've telephoned your agency three times and asked for
6 a W ith a new p a rtn e r, read each o th e r s
someone to come round and fix these things, but no one has
le tte rs or e m a ils. Can you a n sw e r these
questions? come. In addition, I emailed your office on December 12 but
again, I haven’t had a reply. I am very unhappy about this
1 What's the reason fo r w ritin g ?
level of service.
2 W hat are th e p roblem s?
3 W hat does th e w rite r w a n t to happen?
Would you please contact me as soon as possible to let me
b T alk about your e m a ilso r te tte rs to g e th e r know w hat you are going to do about this?
and im prove th e m if necessary.
Vours sincerely,

S o - i a 2 -C%,
look again o
Review Extension
VOCABULARY D iscuss p ro s and cons SPELLING AND SOUNDS ck. k. ch.qu

1 a Which expression, 1 or 2, do these words go with? 4 a « E 3 Listen and repeat the words. How do you
say ck, k and ch? How do you say qu?
bad problem th in g best
good troub le w o rs t 1 c k / k / block back
2 k / k / fork broken
1 The is. I d o n 't like hot weather. 3 c h / k / sch o o l architect
2 T h e ______ th in g a b o u t s u m m e r here is. it s I q u /k w / q u ie t question
absolutely boiling.
3 Thp th in g a b o u t m y fla t is. it's got b• l Spellcheck. Close your books. Listen to
air-conditooninq. twelve words and write them down.

b Talk together. What do you think are the pros and c Look at the script on p169 to check your spelling.
cons of these things?
NOTICE Expressions with prepositions
• su m m e r • w in te r • In te rn e ! • fo o tb a ll
« flying ■ drivin g • pets • fast food 5 a C om plete th e h ig h lig h te d expressions in the
e s ta te agent’s a d v e rtis e m e n ts w ith th e c o rre c t
GRAMMAR would
p repositions.
2 a What would you do in these situations?
around at fro m in of to
1 Your frie n d is tryin g to give up sm oking.
However, v/h e n you go out to g e th e r, he always 1 A com fortable house the co u n trysid e .
asks people fo r cigarettes. 2 It has w o n d e rfu l vie w s the city.
2 It s early in the m o rn in g and y o u r n e ig h b o u r is 3 J u s t _____ th e c o rn e r fro m th e beach.
p la y in g r e a l l y l o u d m u s ic . Y o u w a n ! to s le e p . 4 The ba lco ny th e back is p e rfe c t fo r
3 You're looking a fte r yo u r s is te r's fla t and you relaxing.
break one of h e r p lates. She has lots and 5 3.5 hours Sydney.
probably w o n 't notice. 6 This a p a rtm e n t is close the c ity centre.
4 You re d rivin g to a p a rty bu t you're lost. You
b C heck in th e a d v e rts on p90.
don't have a map and y o u r m o b ile phone
doesn't w ork. C Write an estate agent’s advert for your home or a
5 It s Monday m o rn in g and y o u ’re not feeling home you know well. Use the prepositions from
w ell. You have an im p o rta n t m e e tin g a t w o rk in 5a. You can use the adverts on p90 to help you.
the afternoon.

b Talk about s itu a tio n s 1 -5 in gro u p s.

CAN YOU REMEMBER? Unit 10 - Hotel collocations

3 a Work in A/B pairs.


S tudent A, look at five h o te l expressions on p 128.
S tudent B. look a t five h o te l expressions on p127.

Think of definitions for your expressions.


A big room fo r business meetings (conference room ]

b Test each other. Listen to each other’s definitions


and say the expressions. S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
c Put the words in order to make sentences, Can you do these things in E n g lish?itijrte > number
o n e a c h l i n e . 1 = I c a n ’t d o t h is , 5 = I c a n d o th is w e l l .
1 a / I d / fo u r f like / book / double / room / to /
fo r /n ig h ts . ta lk about h o n e s a r d housing
2 breakfast / included / b u ffe t / Is / the ? d e scribe im aginary situa tions
3 a / have / I / reservat ion . d iscuss pros and cons
4 tim e /b re a k fa s t / is /W h a t ? ta lk about ways to soVrc p roblem s
5 t h e / lim e / c h e c k - o u t / is / W h a t ?
w rite a lo n e r or e m a il « f com plaint
6 h a v e /a c c e s s /y o u / In te rn e t / Do /w ire le s s ?

d Role play a conversation in pairs. Make a hotel • For Wordcarda, reference and saw ig your «fork »
• For m ore practico m S o ff^tu d y P a ct, Uni! 11
reservation by telephone, then check in. Take
turns to be the guest and receptionist.
12.1 godls
c-J-y wnere places o e

descrbe countries
— — — - - --

People and places


Where is it?
©Berlin

SSHcSKe.
, TheVatica'i City •Prague
2 Monaco *W
•Paris
3 Nauru Vienna»
4 tu v a lu 9 Budapest
5 San Marino *
Bern Ljubljana
* »Zagreb • Bucharest
* Belgrade
8 Saint Kitts Nev
. Sarajevo
9 The Maldives c • Sofia
'■4hV -
10 Malta \>rt • Skopje
f Rome' Ista n b u l
•Tirana
• Madrid
■ V-

T J W «Athens
M editerranean Sea

VOCABULARY 1 Look at the lis t o-f th e w o rld s ten s m a lle s t co u n trie s .


Location 1 W hat do you k n o w about them ?
2 W hich ones can you p u l on the map in s-e ?
3 Do you kn o w w here th e o th e r co u n trie s are?

a W ork in groups. Can you m atch th e c o u n trie s w ith these d e scrip tio n s?
a It
It'ss in -fin m p in Italy,
:ome Ita lv I * ^ n Cä’-* *)
b It's \n)thhe e a s t of Italy, ^ ^ 0 '
c It's an is la n c jln ih e South Pacific. •f
d It's a g ro u p otTslands^ijS
otTsl the Pacific Ocean. (x2] 'H.cy :_L> C 4 5. ^ ^
e It's an isla n d n a tio n |i> th e C aribbean Sea. S*-- 1 I ' i « ^ *- • * •
f T hey're in th e Indian Ocean, s o u th -w e s t of Sri Lanka. ' Ax ^ A
g It s in the M editerranean Sea. to the south o f Sicily. ' n -
H It's betw een A u s tria and S w itzerland,
i I t ’s in the south of Europe, on th e M editerranean coast,
and it b o rd e rs France. •- - -

b r io L iste n to check. 0

C Add w o rd s fro m 2a to these lis ts . Can you th in k of a n y m ore w ords?

a the A tla n tic Ocean, c . C Ia ~


b A frica, Asia, .S u c ,v£ . A \a. ^ *-
c the north, the south, 1 5<r' ^ • - ftv* 1
SPEAKING a T h in k about how to d e scrib e the lo ca tio n of:
1 a n o th e r c ity on th e map.
ai afifco g»jL h W 2 a tow n o r co u n try you've visited or w ould like to visit,

I b Listen to each o th e r's d e scrip tio n s. Can you guess the places?

* i.M £ tf tf lt O J O r ™ u w « *

' f ;jfc
QoP Pf rirn fl P.0 J » $ <f
itoo small countries
READING W ork in A /B p a irs. S tudent A, read about the Vatican on th is page. S tu d e n t B. read
about T uvalu on p127. Find th e a n sw e rs to these questio n s.
1 W here is it? How big is it? U Does fit j e t many visitors?
2 How m any people live th e re 7 5 W hat languages do people use?
3 W hat jo b s do people do*7 6 H ow does it make money?

The Vatican City


I he smallest independent country in the world. the Vatican City
covers an jjc a ilie siz*? o f a goLf course tn Home, the capital -of
Italy. It was founded in 1929 and is ruled by just one man, the
IHipe, who is also tf*e head of the Caiholic Church. Its buildings
- such as St Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel - an? home
tn some o f the world's most famous art, including works by
Borricelli. Rapliael and Michelangelo.
The Vatican has its own bank. army, police force, fire brigade,
post office, satellite TV channel, radio station and Internet domain l.va). The Vatican
army, ealled the Swiss Guard, is the smallest in the world. It has about IÖÖ soldiers,
all uiunarried, and all fioiu Switzerland. The Vatican postal scrvice has an excellent
reputation: an international letter posted in the Vatican will arrive faster than one
dropped just a few hundred metres away in Italy.
M illions o f people visir the Vatican even' year, but the Va tican has a populati on of on ly
about 800 people. The Vatican has nn official language. The Swiss Guard use German, but
most people use Italian and Latin. In fact, the Vatican's bank machines are the only ones
in the world dial give inst ructions In Latin.
The country 's econom y is unique. It receives most of its m oney from Catholics around
the world and from tourism. It also makes money from a petrol station where Italians can
buy fuel 30 percent more cheaply than in Italy- because the Vatican has no taxes!

Grammar reference
I practice, 44 You say Most people use Italian and Latin not The mosf people use

Read th e d e s c rip tio n s again. Choose tw o m ore in te re s tin g fa cts to te ll y o u r partner.

T e ll each o th e r about the Vatican and Tuvalc.

VOCABULARY 4 W hat can you re m e m b e r a b o u t the Vatican and Tuvalu? C om plete th e sentences
^Describing a together.
country
1978 800 a rt co lle ctio n B rita in fo u r years Funafuti
to u ris m Tuvaluan and E nglish the UN

The ca p ita l is :. ’ A ^ m akes its money fro m


The p o p u la tio n is a b o u t...
.JO O ' . It's __________________
fa m o u s f o n t s ... ______
fry c t ' • The o ffic ia l languages are rT? A /^ .J j^ - J n the past it was governed by ... rv ‘
It s a m e m b e r o f ... ’ .1. " 9 It becam e m deoendent in ... %
It h a s e l e c t i o n s e v e r y • V -L> J' |, j^ ^ : ^

5 a W rite six sentences about yo u r country, fiv e tru e and one false.

The capital of Slovenia is Ljubljana.

b In gro u p s, lis te n to each o th e r's sentences. W hich sentence is false?

2EAKING 6 a W ork in g ro u p s o f th re e . A, B and C.

Student A. look a t th e profile of San M a rin o on p !2 7 .


S tudent B. look a t th e profile of the M aldives on p 123.
S tudent C, look at th e profile of Saint K itts and Nevis on p125.

P repare to ta lk a b o u t yo u r country.

b T e ll each o th e r about yo u r co u n trie s in 6a. Would you lik e to v is it any o f these


c o u n trie s ? Why?

ht> rO 1
1 2 .2 goal
Big in Japan ta lk about people's lives and achievem ents

LISTENING 1 a Look a* the p ictu re of A kebono Taro. Guess th e a n sw e rs to these q u e stio n s.

1 W here is Akebono fro m 7


2 W here did he become fam ous?
3 W hat was unusual about h im 7
4 W hat is a yokozuna?

» Li st en to a rad o in te rv ie w w ith the a u th o r of a book, Yekozuna, about sum o


w re s tlin g . Check your ideas in la .

5 r# ~ V

A kebono Taro, sum o w re stle r


and yokozuna

2 a Read the su m m a ry. Can you c o rre c t the u n d e rlin ed in fo rm a tio n ?

Akebono was born in ’J&fifiu Hawaii. At first he w as interested in ‘ football. He flow


to ^Hawaii in 1988 and started practising sumo seriously. His first professional
m atch w as in *1989, He becam e a yokozuna in 51994. He w as t.^ie first foreigner to
achieve tins in M 80Q years. During his thirteen years of sumo wrestling, he won the-
Emperor's C up a total of 712 times. His last fight w as in *2000

b « £ E > Listen again to check.


Grammar reference
X E » You say He was born in H aw aii no t Hc born in Hawatt.
and practice, p14 4
3 W ho are the best-know n sports people w here you live? W hat sports do they play o r do“

Achievements
VOCABULARY 1 -a W hat can you re m e m b e r a b o u t Akebono? Match 1 -8 w ith a -h to m ake sentences.
Life and 1 He w a s b o rn study h o te l m anagem ent,
achievem ents 2 He w on sum o from w atching it on TV.
3 He w a n te d to in 2001.
A He became interested in become a yokozuna in 1500 years,
5 He fle w to Japan to jo in a b a s k e tb a ll scholarship.
6 Akebono defeated K onisbiki.
7 He w a s the fir s t fo re ig n e r to in Hawaii.
8 He retired A zum azeki's stable.

b • C£D* Listen to check. ©

2 In p a irs, cover 1-8 and took a t a -h . Can you re m e m b e r the co m p le te sentences?

SPEAKING 3 a P repare a s h o rt ta lk about y o u r life o r th e life of som eone you know. Use the
e xp re ssio n s in l a and yo u r ow n ideas.

b L iste n to each o th e r s ta lks. My dad w a s b o m in 1955. He w as the firs t


A sk q u e stio n s to find out m ore. person in m y fa m ily to go to u n ive rsity ...
V“ 2> ------------
GRAMMAR
4 a iC ircUt'the c o rre c t expressions in th e se sentences fro m the in te rvie w .
Infinitives and
gerunds 1 F o r foreigners, it was very d iffic u lt to become f becom ing a yokozuna.
2 As a young m an, he enjoyed to p la y / playing b asketball.
3 He also w anted to s tu d y /s tu d y in g hote. m anagem ent.
L He becam e interested in sum o fro m to w atch ( w atching it on tetevisjo-n.

b Look at th e s c rip t on p170 to check,

c Match th e sentences 1 -6 in 6a w ith these ru le s.

You can use in fin itiv e s w ith to [to go. tohave, e tc.l: You can use gerunds Igoing, having, etc.):

a a fte r adjectives □ c a fte r p repositions Q


b a fte r som e verbs d a fte r som e v e rb s ]
Some com m on verba ♦ the in fin itive w ith to are. Seme com m on verbs **■the gerund are.
agree. decide, hope, Learn, need, plan, vjant. w ould like. enjoy, finish, practise, suggest, can’t stand.

G ra m m a r r e fe r e n c e
You say I want you to help /ne not f want th-at you help me.
an d p r a c tic e , p l 4 4

a Choose verbs fro m the box to com plete questions 1-6. Use the infinitive o r the gerund.

learn move re tire speak s ta rt

Do you knovs anyone w ho...


1 decided a new ca re e r a fte r they were 30?
2 p ra ctise s English o u tsid e class?
3 fin d s it easy new languages?
U is planning before th e y 're 607
5 is th in k in g about _ toa n o th e r country?
6 w o u ld like to b e c o m e ...
7 is in terested in studying ...
8 e n jo y s ...
G ra m m a r r e fo r o n c o 9 is h o p in g ...
a n d practice, p 14-1
b C om plete 6 -9 w ith y o u r ow n ideas.

PRONUNCIATION A a . G D L iste n to th e ve rb s w ith tw o sylla b le s. W hich s y lla b le is u su a lly stressed,


5 tress in verbs the fir s t o r the second?

agree become decide defeat enjoy f nish p ra c tis e ret re stu d y suggest

b •I D L is te n to th e verbs. Does th e s tre ss move o r stay th e same w hen you add


an ending?

decide > decided practise > p ra ctise s buy > buytng speak > spoken
c Find th e ve rb s in the sentences in 5a and nnark th e stre s s . P ractise saying them .

In gro u p s, ask and a n sw e r th e q u e stio n s in 5a. Find ou t m ore.


Target activity
1 2 .3 goals
Talk about people and say w h e re places are .
d e scrib e c o u n trie s \ ' f-
places in your country ta lk .about people s lire s and a ch ie vsm ö ftls

TASK LISTENING 1 Look a t th e p ic tu re s . W hat do you kn o w about Lech W at^sa and Krakow ?

2 r im Listen to Renata ta lk in g about Lech W at^sa. T ick U ) th e things she m entions.

S o lid a rity Gdansk co m m u n ism education e lection 1995

3 a •O L iste n again. What does she say about th e th in g s you ticked?

b Check y o u r ideas in groups. Then check in th e s c rip t on p i 70

4 t C O N ow listen to Renata talking about Kraköw. Tick [s\the things she mentions.

the c a p ita l atm osphere in d u s try jazz W arsaw so u th population


Renata from Poland
5 a • E D L iste n again. W hat does she say afcout th e th in g s you ticked?

b Check y o u r ideas in groups, then check in th e s c rip t on p170.

TASK 6 a Match 1- 7 w ith a -g to c o m p le te th e sentences.


VOCABULARY
1 You probably know it w as a an ord in a ry worker.
Expressions 2 1 k n o w th a t he w orked b the capita* of Poland
w ith know
3 1 d o n 't kn o w m uch about its c he did before th a t.
4 1 d o n 't kn o w w h a t d the population is less than a m illio n
Do you know anything
5 Do you kn o w anyth ing about e his life?
about K rakow 9
6 1d o n 't really know fo r sure, but 1 think f history.
W ell. I know that 7 As fa r as 1know , he was g in Gdansk.
it’s in Poland
b Look at th e p ic tu re s at the top of th e page a gain. In p airs, ta lk about th e m , using
and i t 's ...
th e h ig h lig h te d expressions.
^
TASK a Choose a p e rso n and a place in y o u r co u n try th a t you th in k are im p o rta n t o r
in te re s tin g , and prepare to ta lk ab o u t th e m . T h in k a b o u t these questions.

The person
1 W hy do you th in k they ’re im p o rta n t o r in te re stin g ?
2 When and w here were they bom ?
3 W hat do you know about th e ir life?
4 Are they w e ll know n in y o u r c o u n try nowadays?
The place
1 W hy do you th in k it s im p o rta n t o r interesting?
2 W here is it exactly?
3 W hat do yoy know about its history?
4 Have you been there? W hat's it like?

b Talk in groups and ask each other questions to find out more. If you chose the same
people or places, do you have the same information and opinions?

W hich pe o p le and places did you fin d in te re s tin g ? T e ll yo u r group.


EXPLORE

Keyword to
infinitives with to
1 a Match the u n d e rlin e d e xp re ssio n s w ith th e c o rre ct groups. A -C , in the table.

1 Ho *aaceü to cäangs che country, t'nit .:


* Is it p ossib le ~o gee you on the 19.ch? rtu: t
3 Can you rcccKiticend soae tiiinga to see? o»i.t 7
4 There are o£t«a long queu.es. ao the bear tiae no ao i s early evening, mir ?
= ;<erre plägnlr« tc nave a sauna. Are yea interested in usino a cwuna? v-:- c
6 Jtaviag a great time hero ia Scotland. Hope tosee you soon, sat* *

A verb ■►infinitive B adjective + infinitive C noun + in fin itive

I pla n to go d iffic u lt to do a good place to vis it


1 need to buy ready to o rd e r the best w a y to te a m

b W rite five o r six questions. Then ask and a n s w e r the q u e stio n s in groups.

Do you w ant / need .. ? A re you planning / hoping ... ? Is it p o s s ib le ... ?


Do you think it's d iffic u lt / easy ... ? W hat’s the best tim e / w a y /p la c e ... ?

:sition to
W rite to in the c o rre c t place in the questions.

Do you like lis te n in g m u sic w hen you’ re w orking o r studying?


2 Do you e ver read s to rie s frie n d s or people in your fam ily?
3 Have you ever sent a te xt message the w ro n g person?
H Do you always re p ly e m a ils on th e sam e day’
5 When w a s the last tim e you w ro te a te tte r someone?
How often do you give presents people7

and answ er th e questions.

ndent learning Guessing what words mean


a t do you do w hen you see a w o rd you d o n 't
r? Do you:
» B* v*. if«««! -jM 9*
look the w ord up in a d ictio n ary?
ask your teacher?
ask someone e lse in class? 1969 - ‘ One sm all ste p for man*
try to guess w h a t th e w o rd means? On 21 July 19 6 9 , millions of people around th e w orld
! the web page, th e n close yo u r books, w a tch e d on television as m an walked on Che m oon for
much can you re m e m b er about ehe first tim e . S om e o f you sen t your m e m o rie s:
opher's story? I was only five years old but I have
a Vivid memory of diac day.We
at the h ig h lig h te d w o rd s 1-4. all 2^achered in front of the TV —
Can you say w hich w ord is a noun, ve rb o r my mum. dad and all my ^siblings.
Iadjective? I was ehe smallest boy. so I sat
■Can you guess w h a t the w o rd s m ean? on my dads ‘ lap. I remember he
I was very quiet.Then when Neil
the w o rd s w ith these e xplanations.
Arm strong stood on the moon.
atfriei b end biblei;» I f e lt b o m e liiin g w c l o il d * e lo p

« 5 ! to g e th e r in a group of my head. My fattier wa* crying.


B e top part of your legs when you sit down C h r is to p h e r

■pry clear and strong

jta! the h ig h lig h te d w o rd s 1 -4 in tw o m ore


* on p i 30. Try to guess w h a t th e y m ean
■check y o u r ideas in a dictionary.
Speaking Goal
use vague language

•]*
r
**• I W KT* ‘T f S b

1 a < iD Listen to th re e conversations.


Pat is planning to visit her daughter in Mendoza,
1 W hat's the re la tio n sh ip between H elen and Argentina.
P al. and between Helen and Luis? pat I’m so locking forward t o seeing you, Helen, arid
2 W hat’s each conversation about? meeting your new boyfriend Luis, right? But
b Read s c rip ts 1 -3 to check y o u r ideas. what cicrthes should I bring? Is it warm?
h e le n Yets, it's warm in the day but bring some jumpers or
2 Look at the h ig h lig h te d e xp re ssio n s in th e script. a jacket or som ething for the evenings.
W hich ones do you use: cat Jumpers? Thick ones woolly ones, you mean?
he le h Et, yfüi. maybe.
1 to describe th in g s w hen you can’t be exact9 pat Like my slue one? You know the one?
h e le h Yes. the bluo one or youi red one o i whatever
2 to m ean and s im ila r things' II doesn't matter

3 lo m ean ’o r s im ila r th in g s ’

A w eek later, in M endoza It’s lunch time.


3 a W hich expressions fro m 2 can you use in 1 - 6 in pat So. .vl.at are we havana for lunch, darling?
th is conversation? Two e xp re ssio n s a re alw ays h e le h Er. I'm rw>: suif: yet. Maybe seme soup?
possible. (later!
pat M m n m üiis soups absolutely delicious. Your
p*t IT s so timet here, isn't It?
h e le h Yes, sometimes there arc tods on motorbikes cocKirg has got much teuer. Helen What's in it?
h e le n Cf «. vegetables mainly. Onions. peppess.
racing around and shouting1 _ .but it's
usually fine potatoes and stuff like that.
PAT Right. So, you, cj. chop the vea, and then what?
pat So. what 3io we going to do today?
h e le h Well, maybe see some sights. There are a lew HELEN Well. I think you add water and sem e herbs an d
things ... Sorry, I didn’t actually make it Luis did.
museums, air gallenes. the aquanum2______ .
PAT Ah. OK. Well, tell liim it was lovely, and i'd like the
pat Yes, or wg couki have a 3 quiet day, maybe
recipe1When are we seeing him again?
walk around a bi t, tfcen go out lor lunch 4 ?
This afternoon, at three
h e le h Definitely. Tbßie ’s a gi sat restaurant up the
It docs a 5______ local fißhdish which I'm sure
you'd love O
Later that afternoon, P at is chattiDg to Helen's
cat Great. And then maybe wg could visit a museum
boyfriend. Luis.
a gallery * _ tomorrow.
pat So, Luis. you wc k bom in Spam, nght?
h e le n Sire, good idea
lu b Yos. that's nght. In Galicia.
b P ractise th e conversation tw ic e . T ry to use pat Oh. yes. VYfcere exactly?
lu is Well actually, m a farmhouse in the middle of
d iffe re n t e xp ressio n s each tim e .
nowhere! It was soit o! surrounded by mountains
4 T alk in groups. T e ll each o th e r: The nearest town was Ortjgucrra. which is on the er
the north-west, coast.
1 w here you w ere born and grew up and w hat pat Oh, t lght And cfcd you stay there throughout youi
y o u r e m e m b e r a b o u t it chikihocd?
2 about the angredients of a nice m eal you ate lu is No. Wr: inoved to Argentina, to Buenos Aires. whi-:
re c e n tly . I was three. 301 don't really remember it at aiL ittE
3 what som eone visitin g your country in this I've always had s, a kind of special feeling about th
season s h o u ld b r in g w i t h t h e m . mountains. It's difficult to explain, but I love being
4 w hat you'd lik e to do w ith a close frie n d o r able to see the mountains. It gives me a sense or
relative v js r tin g y o u f o r t h e f ir s t t i m e in a space. 1 guess.
new place
Look again G

Extension
VOCABULARY Location, describing a country SPELLING AND SOUNDS -e n t. - ant

a In groups, design yo u r id e a l country. You can use a «E D Ydu say th e en d ing s -e n t and -a n t in the
som e of these ideas: sam e w a y ./a m /. Listen and repeat,
lo c a tio n , s iz e p o p u la t io n la n g u a g e s w o rk student president p a rlia m e n t governm ent
free tim e gove rn m en t the econom y tra n sp o rt im p o rta n t elephant
P repare to ta lk about y o u r country. You can use b Read the in fo rm a tio n and then com plete the words.
th e expressions on p98 and p99.
1 -e n t (in clu d in g -m e n t) is m uch m ore com m on
Our ideal country is a group of thr&o islands, ft h x ... th a t -a n t.
2 A fte r th e sounds / f / , /g /, / k / and /t /. w c usua lly
b Change groups. T e ll each o th e r ab o u t yo u r Ideal
use -a n t .
co u n trie s. Decide w h ich y o u ’d m ost lik e to v is it
account _ a p a rtm assist d iffe r
DAMMAR In fin itiv e s and g e ru n d s excell incfepend mom
m onum in s t pres
a P ut the v e rb s in the c o rre c t groups.
c f E D S o ellcheck. Close yo u r books. L iste n to ten
I prom ise agree can’t stand w ould like w o rd s and w rite th e m down.
o ffe r d islike enjoy w ant finish m iss
d Look at the s c rip t on p 171 to check your sp e llin g .
/ _ / ____+ to do
_ / / _ / _____ + doing NOTICE E xp re ssio ns w ith o f
b Do these verbs go w ith an in fin itiv e o r a g e rund?
5 a Com plete the e xp re ssio n s w ith of using th e w o rds
In groups, use d ic tio n a rie s to check.
fro m the box.
i e n jo y /m 'd s o i/ ve rb 1 If you e n jo y som ething,
m e m ber head group s o u th j
i t gives yo u pleasure. I ho p e yo u e n jo y yo u r
meal. [+ d o in g so m e th in g ] I re a lly e n jo y e d 1 The Vatican’s ru le d by tha Pope, w ho is also
b eing w ith him . th e o f the C atholic Church.
2 Monaco is in th e of Europe.
I hope learn plan don’t m ind 3 Tuvalu is a o f nine islands.
L Nowadays it ’s a o lth e U nited N ations.
! Use the v e rb s to w rite six sentences about
b T h in k about y o u r a n s w e rs to these questions.
yo urse lf, fo u r tru e and tw o false.
1 W hat are you a m e m b e r of? W hat groups do
|\Wnen I w as six. I w anted to be a policem an.
you belong to?
I Listen t<» each o th e r’s sentences. Can you guess 2 W h o s th e head of state in y o u r country? Who's
[w h ic h are false ? the head of your company, s c h o o l o r club?
3 Which part o f y o u r tow n do you live in? For
r o il REMEMBER? U n it 11 - w ould example, the c e n tre o r the east? W hat about
y o u r frie n d s and fam ily?
dd the m issin g w o rd s to T heo's d e s c rip tio n o f his
5am home, w o u ld fx7) w o u ld n 't 1x1) c A sk and a n sw e r the q uestions. Find out m ore.
5\GÜ’S
I'm a m em ber of a cycling club,
t dream home? WelL I live in a house in th e
ntains but it be close to a village so w e could Oh yeah? How often do you m eet?
öppmg and things like tliax. It b e too big - it
: maybe four rooms - but the living room have
f balcony with wonderful views. I live there S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
t y töOüO® Lmy wife and son of course, and every clay
H ic h » 0®1 Can you do these th in g s in E n g lis h ? 'firc U ta n u m b e r
t up. m ake coffee and just look out over the
on each lin e . 1 = I ca n ’t do th is . 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
stains That b e perfect.
say w h e re places are
d e scribe countn.es
|* * e A W * S l ik about your dream hom e. W here w ould it be.
ta lK a b o u t pecpis s lives and achievem ents ( ■ S I ■
St would it be like and w h a t w ould you do there?
V- use vague language
iß\ feö iöB ! ; in groups. L iste n to each o th e r's ideas. W hat
ly o u th in k about them ? • For Wordeanls. re fe w w * And savn g your worfc «
• For more practice «• Self-study Pack. Unrt 12
to U c P i U til fr^fiötax» -J-vp^

13 .1 goals
J J f W AMÖ FtfSXO => U 'jk ^ PLAVtt ' «aJjUÄejLh i k.JUJ&4i». i>xcjcili^,. cL/t ta lk about electronic gadgets you use

(V>£ f C£JU & tu a i) use the phone in different situations


CcMfyfti2 MfifcTut A , ■ i .
/ O 'pvfifln :o fi ■ U -€ j » I a o w <vsW £t nnocfl.

Now and then Up i


viacdifhi*etox
u < u t c l em uutü£.r ■' . , ‘Cuj
xtM & trtoxfza. ptootfL *£- ' 'a £ ff'ßrtd , iOocW -axp
;*£. c b w f l, f t t l S )
I couldn't live without it!

-v r .

LISTENING 1 a Look a t th e p ic tu re . Which o f these e le c tro n ic ^ a d g e t^ do you have?

b W hat o th e r gadgets do you use? Make a list.

c Com pare y o u r lis ts . Which a re th e m o st com m on gadgets? Which are the most
unusual?

2 < 4 0 Listen tö tw o conversations. T ic k ( / ) th e gadgets th a t the people m en tio n .

m obile phone m usic player co m p u te r

t N atalie and Paula

2 M etin and Fabio

a W hat can you re m e m b e r a b o u t 1 -3 ? Talk together.

1 How do N atalie and Paula fe e l about t f e ir m o bile phones? Do they feel the same?
2 How often does M atin use h is m u sic player? W hy is it im p o rta n t to him ?
3 How does Fabio feel about gadgets in general? W hich ones does he have“*

b • € 2 3 Listen again to check.

Do you Know anyone I ke N a ta lie . Paula. Fabio o r M e tin ? Who are you m ost
s im ila r to ?

VOCABULARY a Can you re m e m b e r w h a t each of these sentences is about?


H ow I feel aboul rr,AV<A&i-
1 I need to have it w ith m e. m o b ile phone 6 I have one but I h a rd ly ever use it.
gadgets 2 I use it a ll th e tim e, mu* c ?feuf«f 7 I d o n 't even have one a t hom e, cm
3 I use it fo r m y job. «velgcC* ptaflF 8 I d o n ’t b o th e r w ith it,
4 I d o n 't kn o w how to use th e m . 9 I th in k I w ould die w ith o u t it.^xksfe
5 It m akes life easier. cowp&faLr 10 I c o u ld n ’t live w ith o u t m ine.
f f -ttk c
b Read the s c rip ts on p171 to check.
P ro n u n c ia tio n re fe re n c o
end practice, p i 57 E » Be caneful w ith the pro n u n cia tio n o f live / liv / and life /la if/.

SPEAKING a T h in k a b o u t th e d iffe re n t gadgets you u se •; v


>

1 How often do you use them ?


i

dfioi 2 Do you use th e m fo r w o rk , fo r studies or fo r y o u r pe rsonal life?


3 How do you fe e l about them ?
U r'C tfA-brO I t
U Are th e re any gadgets you're not interested in having? W hy not?
b A sk and a n sw e r the questions.
Four phone calls
LISTENING A sk and a n s w e r th e questions.

1 Do you ever use the phone to m anage /o u r bank account o r book h o lid a y s ? /
Why? / Why not?
2 Do you or people you know g e t a bonus a t w ork? How often? W hat's it usually for?

< I E > Listen to th ree phone ca lls with Christine. Answ er the questions a fte r each one.

Call 1
1 C hristine ca lls h e r bank. Why is sh e surprised? ' *
2 W here does she th in k th e m oney has come from ?
C a ll2 .
1 C hri«tfinp ra il« ; a r n m p a n y W h o rinp<; ^ h p w a n t to ta lk tn ? ^ | <
2 W hal message docs she give th e receptionist?, " ^ e ^
C aU3 v ä £ L Ll x^ .
1 C hristine ta lks to her husband John. W hat does she te ll him ? 2. cxro
2 W hat do they decide to do? /
a The bank m a n a g e r phones C h ris tin e . W hat do you th in k he says?

b # E > Listen to check yo u r ideas. ^ i •

Has so m e th in g lik e th is e ve r happened to you o r so meone you know?

a W ho said sente n ce s 1-12?


C h ris tin e (C) re c e p tio n is t (R) J o h n (J ) bank m a n a g e r (B)
1 Can I sp e a k to John Andrew s, please - C
2 I t ’s C hristine, his wife.
3 I'm s o rry , bu t John is n 't here.
4 L isten, th e reception's re a lly bad here.
5 J u s t a m om e n t, please.
6 Is th a t C hristine Andrews?
7 Do you w a n t m e to take a m essage?
8 C ould you a s k him lo c a ll m e?
9 I 'l l c a ll you back later.
10 This is P aul Jennings.
11 Is th is a good tim e to talk?
12 Can you h e a r m e now?
b Read th e s c rip ts on p!71 to check.

I D > When sp eaking on th e telephone you say This is Paul Jennhgs not I am Patsl
Jertntngs.

PRONUNCIATION a . f E ) Listen to sentences 1 -5 in 5a again. M ark I f between the two g ro u p s o f w ords.


G roups of 1 Can I speak to John A ndrew s / / please?
w ords 2
b P ra ctise saying the sentences.

a Look at th e sentences in 5a a gain. In pairs, change th e nam es Then decide w h a t


th e next lin e could be.

I ) Can I speak to Anna, please? Yes. ju s t a m om ent.


b Take tu rn s to say 1-12 and respond w ith yo u r ideas.

SPEAKING a W o rk alone. T hink about the language y o u 'll need fo r these conversations.
1 C aller, you w ant to speak to a relative Itro th e r. m o th e r...). Phone the place where
they w ork and ask to speak to the person. You have im portant news to te ll them .
R eceptionist, the person's not in. Take a message
2 C aller, c a ll a friend. The reception is bad, C a ll back, th e n ask about recent news
and a rra n g e to do som ething.
Friend, ta lk about recent news. Agree on a day to m eet, a time and a place to go
b Role p la y the conversations. Take tu rn s to be th e caller.
1 3 .2 goal
When I was a child ta lk about past h a bits and sta le s

READING 1 The p ic tu re s show what five people believed w hen they w e re c h ild re n . Can you
guess w hat they thought?

2 Read the people's w e b postings. Match them w ith p ic tu re s A~E.

Cam O Leonardo I I N a la iie C R a q u e lO Pavel I

c * f\n o
V 4* y * 4k1 T wm.chikfTOOdbelre*a.carn w "
C\

^ r ild r o o : ie is a t o lle t fio n o f stran ge a n d fu n n ^ id e a s

w e h a d w h e n w e w e -re c h i l d r e n . A d d > fo u r o w n t o o u r s ite .

I used to th in k m y g ra n d m o th e r w as inside th e te le p h o n e . I’ d hear h e r v o ic e a n d say,


'C om e o ut, G ran!’ b u t she never d id . Cam from Zef,

When I w a s little, I used to believe there were little m en inside ihe te le visio n a n d i ysed to
get clo se to the TV and turn it o n a n d o ff to see if I c o u ld hear the little m en w orking inside
i t A n d I s till d o n 't u n d e rsta n d h o w it works. Leonardo trom Costa Rig^

When I w a s a little girl , I lived in a very big neighbourhood and we shared a garden a rd a
pool betw een fo rty-e ig h t houses. There were a lo t o f children arcund m y age and w e all used
to play together, and w e 'd often sw im in the pool. B u t there w a s one b o y about five ysars
older than us a n d he to ld me once, w hen I was sw im m ing in the pool, “ I hope you know that
if you’re alone in th e pool, there’s a shark that will com e out o f the light b u lb an d ge t you.” I
w as terrified, a n d u p until today - I'm tw enty-five n o w - I still g e t nervous if I’m in a pool alone
and I alw ays check the light to m ake sure there's no shark. Natalie -rim Trinidad and Tobago

W hen I w a s little , I used to believe the m oon fo llo w e d me and my fam ily everyw here w e
w ent. W hen w e w e n t to m y u n c le ’s, th e m oon w o u ld c o m e w it i us. W hen w e w e n t on
hol day. th e m oon w o u ld b e there. I w a s so su rp rise d w hen I to ld m y frie n d and she said
it follow ed her, to o . H o w c o u ld th e m o o n fo llo w m e and h e r a t th e sam e tim e when we
w eren’t to g e th e r? It c o u ld n ’t b e true! Rsquel from Me*icc

W hen I w a s a b o u t s ix years o ld , i used to believe th a t m onsters lived under m y bed. I'd


ju m p o u t Of bed SO th e y c o u ld n 't g e t me. Later I d e c id e d th e y ,ust w a n te d to be friends
and felt b o re d under th e bed. A fte r th a t, I'd a lw a ys leave a b o o k under m y bed s o they
could read it w h ile I sle p t. Dave from England
Read th e postings again. Who:

1 w a s afra id of som ething as a child? (x2)


2 is s till a b it a fra id now?
3 d id n 't understand som ething as a child? Ix3]
4 s t ill d o e sn 't re a lly understand 't as an adult?

W hich s to ry do you lik e th e best? Why?

I used t o ...
GRAMMAR
Read th e sentences. A n sw e r q u e stio n s 1 and 2.
ui>ttd lu. w vuid
I used to get close to the TV and turn it on and off. (Leonardo!
We a ll used to play together, and w e'd often swim in th e pool. (Natalie)

1 A re they about th e present o r th e past?


2 D id they do these th in g s once o r m any tim es'5
a U n d e rlin e m ore exam ples o f used to and w ould I'd ) in the web postings on p108.
b C om plete th e ru le s 1 and 2 w ith used to o r w ould.

I used to believe th a t m o n s te rs lived under my bed. 1 We can use b o th 3nd to ta lk


I used to ju m p o u t o f bed so they c o u ld n 't get m e. about actions.- go, com e, look, jum p ...
I'd ju m p out of bed so they co u ld n't get me. 2 We can only use to ta lk about states:
believe, be. have, live, think, lik e , hate ..
*d = w ould

C • G D L iste n and say the sentences. Q

a W hich sentences can you c o m p le te w ith : a used to o r w o u ld ? b o n ly used to?


W hen I was a c h ild ...
1 Iused t o / would play in the woods n ear my house after school
2 I used to lik e sw im m in g in th e sea. New I fin d it too cold.
3 I ______ have a w o n d e rfu l red bicycle.
U I live in a s m a ll villa g e in th e countryside.
5 I w a lk to school w ith m y best fr end every day-
6 I ______ read one or tw o co m ic books every w eek. I loved reading.
7I _ believe the m oon was a lig h t tu lb in th e sky.
8 I ta lk to m y toys a ll the tim e .
9I _ go to dance and exercise classes a fte r school.
10 I buy sweets at a w o n d e rfu l little shop near m y home.
b Use the h .g h lig h te d verbs in 3a to w rite five sentences a b o u t yo u r child h o o d .
I used to p la y baseball with m y friends a fte r school every day.
G ra m m a r r e fe re n c e
a n d p r a c tic e , p 1 4 5
You say I used to g o to the gym a fte r w ork n o t ( u s e t v g o lt r thc gym a fte r w o rk.

SPEAKING T h in k about th in g s you used to do in y o u r childhood, and th in g s you used to believe.

• th in g s you did: games you played school frie n d s places you w e n t on holiday ...
• beliefs about; food natu re m achines a n im a ls toys science tra n s p o rt
people m o n e y ...

hen I w as a child we In groups, talk about your childhood m em ories.


sd to go cam ping
How many of you believed o r did the sa m e things?
3rly every sunnmer.
■v
R eally? Where
did you go?
---------------
Target activity
1 3 .3 goals
Talk about technology ta lk about e le ctro n ic gadgets you use '
ta lk about past habits and states
and change
TASK READING Have you done a ll these th in g s? W hen was the fir s t tim e you did them ?

• used the In te rn e t • opened an e m a il account • bought som ething online


• w atched TV o n lin e • talked online

Read M a rk G la s e rs web page about how th e In te rn e t has changed people's lives.


Does he th in k th e changes a re good, bad o r both?

0» c<* lock b*>


-• «vyw.livmgyouriifeonline.conn

LIVING YOUR LIFE ONLINE


BY M ARK G LASER

I'm thinking a lot at the moment about life before the Internet, and life before
computers. How was life d ifferent? Was It worse? Was it better?

1
Now: I arrange to meet up with friends by email.
B e fo re : u s e d to c a ll th e m u p o n th e p h o n e .
Change: t's faster now! But I think I chat to my friends less on the phone. I think people
c o m m u n ic a te m o re 't h e s e day-i. b u t th e y ta lk t o e a c h o th e r le s s Jth a n th e y u s e d to.

2
Now: lo get the latest news. I go to Google News.
Before: ]?n me days befort the fnterneL I'd check the television news on CNN or a
lo c a l c h a n n e l.
Change: How I can click on the news story I want, and I don't have to read tfte news
I’ m n o r in te re s te d in . P e o p le d e c id e w h a t n e w s th e y get Anov.d c a y s . T h e re ’s
more choice *ihan there used to be.

3
Now: i buy gifts for people online.
Before: • i hy pa ?», I‘d go to a shop to buy the gift. If the person lived in arother city. I
mailed it to them from the post office.
Change: I do more shopping 7than i used to. I'm in debt now because it's to<j easy to shop.

H o w h a s y o u r life c h a n g e d o n lin e ? S h a re y o u r c o m m e n ts .

TASK Read the w eb page again. W hich h ig h lig h te d exp re ssio n s:


VOCABULARY
1 are about now? (x2|
C om paring past 2 are about the past? (x2)
and present 3 com pare the present and the past? 1x3)

a You're going to ta lk about how technology has changed lives. T h in k ab o u t these


questio n s.

People are always 1 W hat technology do you use at hom e and a t w o rk '1* W hat about o th e r people
in contact with each you know?
o th e r nowadays. It's 2 How have these th in g s changed your life?
m ore d iffic u lt to qet 3 How have they changed life in your country, o r around the world?
away fro m everyone T h in k of th e Language you need, M ake notes.
than it used to be.
b Talk to g e th e r. Do you have the sam e ideas?

Do you th in k these changes have m ade life b e tte r o r w o rse ? Why?

110
iXPLORE
Keyword time
1 a Use expressions w ith tim e fro m the box to 2 a C om plete the sentences fro m previous u n its w ith
com plete th e sentences fro m p revious u n its . w o rd s fro m the box.

a ll the ti me a n o th e r ti m e Any tim e to go to th in k to ta lk


too much tim e fo r the firs t tim e
have a good tim e yo u r firs t tim e 1 la t h i s a o r.o d t im s ? out u
2 T h e r e a r e s f t e n lo n g q u e u e s , s o
~ lin e i s e a r l y e v e n i n g , v s .:
1 I need my nobile phone w ith me . smc u
3 At th a t sp eed , you d o n 't h a v e i In a
2 I n 1 9 6 9 , n a n w a lk ed o n " h e moon
mat u cut .

3 I I y o u ' r e bu sy c cm orrsw . we c a t üjeez


IMIS 11
you arrive I hear that expression I qo on holiday
4 I 'm s o r r y I ' l l truss th e lu n c h . I h ope you
_________. Sftll s

5 is th is _______ i n C anada? o u r « 4 And ; h m n e x t tim e , X know i t . :o


6 We p r o b a b ly s p e n d a b i t s u r fin g th e 5 2 ne=d n$r p a s s p o r t e v e r * tita e _ ___
Internet, sair 3 6 I ' l l b e a t hooe b y th e t i n e _______ . 5
7 Would you mind, ciianging cur appointment?
i s f i n e , out : b Make q u e stio n s fo r the people in y o u r class. Then
a sk and a n sw e r the questions.
b W rite fo u r sentences a b o u t w hen you w e re a
c h ild o r te e n a g e r w ith e xp re ssio n s fro m 1. W hen's the best tim e ... ?
Then com pare y o u r sentences. Do you have tim e ... ?
W hat w ill you do the next tim e ... ?
I fle w fo t th e fits t tim e when I was fourteen.
W hen's the best tim e to ca ll you?

(cross cultures
* E D Listen to Leonardo and Megan ta lk in g about a ttitu d e s to tim e in
Costa Rica. A n s w e r th e q uestions.

1 W hich does Leonardo say is faster. Costa Rican tim e o r re g u la r tim e 9


2 W hat do they say about how people in Costa Rica feel about:
a having meaLs? b getting to m eetings?
3 How does M egan fee I a bo ut tim e?
«C D Listen to Leonardo and Megan again. Tick ( / ) th e sentences you hear.

1 I ’m usually rig h t on tim e .


2 I always try to be on tim e b u t I'm s o m e tim e s late.
3 I'm in a h u rry to get w h e re I’ m going.
U People are always rushing to get somewhere.
5 People ta ke th e ir tim e having th e ir b re a k fa s t

W hich expressions are about*.

doing th in g s at th e agreed tim e?


doing th in g s quickly, often w ith stress?
doing thin gs s lo w ly w ith o u t stress?

W rite three sentences about y o u rs e lf w ith th e expressions in 2a.


I ’m atways in a h u rry to gpt tn m y d a ss& L
Leonardo >s from Costa Rica, Megan is from
Compare yo ur sentences and a sk questions to find out m ore.
Canada. They talk about time in Costa Rica.
Are y o u r a ttitu d e s to tim e the sam e o r d iffe re n t?

Think ab out o th e r places you've been to o r know about. Do you th in k people's a ttitu d e s to tim e th e re are
s im ila r to yours?
EXPLOREWriting
Look at th e p ic tu re s in th e w eb page. Can you re m e m b e r
y o u r fir s t c a lc u la to r, m usic p la ye r o r cam era?

1 How old w e re you?


2 How did you fe e l about them ?
3 W hat w e re they I ike?

Read th re e p e o p le ’s w eb p o stin g s about th e ir 'firs ts '. W hat are th e ir a n sw e rs to the


qu estions in 1?

http>://wvm.tecfi nomemarie?. corp - o r

T E C H N O M E IT IO R IE S > h1 V F X R S T
> h1V F X R S T G R L .C U L R T O R
J g o t m y fir s t c a lc u la to r when I w as a b o u t eleven, w hen I w e n t to ju n io r high school.
I t was re a lly big and heavy bu t it could do lots of com plicated things. I loved it so
m u ch th a t I used to c a rry it in m y ja c k e t p o cke t all th e tim e . I t n e a rly pulled m y
ja c k e t o ff m y sh o u ld e r! Then a few years later, 1 began to d islike it. I w as d oing a
m a th s e x a m , w hich I fo u n d really b o rin g , a n d I had to s tu d y all th e tim e , and th e
c a lc u la to r ju s t re p re se nte d the exam . I s till have it - see pic. V ery o ld -fa sh io n e d !
W h e n e ve r I see it, I s till th in k o f th a t exam . K o ji H., Japan

> m v F X R S T LURLXMRN
I re m e m b e r g e ttin g m y fir s t Sony W alkm an. M y o ld e r b ro th e r had o n e and I d id n 't,
SO I used to use his W a lk m a n a ln f-r u s u a l l y w i t h o u t a s k i n g . W e had s o m a n y
a rg u m e n ts th a t m y p a re n ts e ve n tu a lly gave m e m y o w n W alkm an fo r C hristm as.
I th in k I was tw e lve o r th irte e n . I re m e m b e r th a t m y b ro th e r w as really je a lo u s
because it was sm a lle r and m ore m o d e m th a n his old one. I laved my W alkm an.
I used to use it a ll th e time,, especially w hen I was d e liv e rin g papers e a rly in th e
m o rn in g before sch o o l. I t made th e e xp erience alm ost en jo yab le . Cam, New Z ealand

> h lV F X R S T D X O T T R L . C R h lE R R
I re m e m b e r w hen I g o t m y firs t d ig ita l cam era, a little s ilv e r one. My h u sband gave
it to m e fo r m y tw e n ty -e ig h th birth d a y. I was a bit d isa p po in te d - a n o th e r b o rin g
g a d g e t. I love ta k in g pictu re s and I used to ta ke good ones w ith m y old cam era,
b e fo re it broke. But as soon as I s ta rte d using th e d ig ita l ca m e ra , my p ictu re s w ere
te rrib le ! The q u a lity w a sn 't good, th e b a tte ry always died ju s t w hen I had th e p e rfe c t
s h o t ... i t w a s all too com plicated. I have a m uch t>etter d ig ita l camera now bu t r still
m iss m y old ca m e ra . E lm ira E., T urkey

3 a Cover the p o stin g s. Match 1 -5 w ith a - e to co m p le te the sentences.

1 I $ot m y fir s t c a lc u la to r w hen a Sony W alkm an.


2 But as soon as I s ta rte d using the d ig ita l cam era. b w a s re a lly jealous.
3 I re m e m b e r g e ttin g m y firs t c a little silve r one.
4 I re m e m b e r that m y b ro th e r d m y p ictu re s w e re te rrib le !
5 I re m e m b e r w hen I go t my f ir s t d ig ita l cam era. e I was about eleven.

b Read th e web p o stin g s again to check.

4 Choose a fir s t' g a d g e t to w rite about. In pairs, ta lk a b o u t y o u r ideas fo r yo u r w eb postings.

1 When did you get it?


2 What was it like ? H ow often did you use it?
3 Haw did you feel about it th e n ? W hat do you th in k about it nov*?
L W hich h ig h lig h te d expressions fro m 3a can you use? Can you use used to o r w ould?
5 W ork alone and w rite yo u r web posting.

6 Read your p a rtn e r's posting. Ask q u e stio n s to fin d ou t m ore.


look again ft
Reuiew Extension
VOCABULARY Telephone expressions, expressions SOUNDS AND SPELLlNOe/, ey
with time
t P H Viftu can say ei and *?yin tw o w ays. Listen
1 a Play in groups o f three, A, B and C. and repeat.

S tuden ts A and 8 . take tu rn s to choose a n u m b e r


A /is / B /e i/
ip the box. Listen to s tu d e n t C reed a sentence
w ith a gap. Say th e m issing w ord and w in a square. receive m oney esght they
You w in the gam e by ge ttin g th re e squares in
a line. b Do you u su a lly use ei o r ey:
S tudent C. read the sentences fo r Game 1 on p128,
1 at th e sta rt of a w o rd 7
1 4 9 2 in the midd le of a w ord?
3 at th e end o f a w ord?
7 6 2
Note th a t ei o fte n goes:
3 8 5 1 a fte r c 2 before s ile n t gh

b D raw a n o th e r grid w ith n u m b e rs 1-9. Change c C om plete these w o rd s w ith ei o r ey. Then put
ro le s and play again. th e m in the c o rre c t g ro u p s above. A o r B.

S tudent C, read the sentences fo r Game 2 on p !2 2 c ling g r jo u rn k__


n ghbour rec pt T urk w gh
GRAMMAR used to. would
d « P H Listen to check. Q Repeat th e w o rd s.
2 a W hich verb s u su a lly go w ith : e « E D S pellcheck. Close y o u r book. Listen to ten
1 used to and w ould? w o rd s and w rite th e m do w n . Then lo o k at the
2 used to, but not w ould? s c r ip t o n p 1 7 2 to c h e c k y o u r s p e llin g .

th in k 50 buyO goD enjoy D NOTICE without


w a lk □ believe L J take 1 ! dislike □
5 a Match 1- 3 w ith a -c to m ake sentences fro m this
hayeD liste n to □ p la y Ö liv e Q
u n it .

b Choose six ve rb s fro m 2a and w rite sentences 1 I used to use his W alkm an a lot, usually w ithout
about y o u r past. You can w rite about y o u r life : 2 I th in k I w o u ld die w ith o u t
3 How d o you live w it ho ut
1 as a teenager. 3 a t college
2 a t school. U in yo u r la s t job. a the Internet?
b m y m obile phone,
c L iste n to each o th e r's sentences. Ask q u e s tio n s to
c asking
fin d out more.
b A sk and a n sw e r th e q uestions.
CAN YOU REMEMBER? Unit 12 - Life and 1 W h a t t h r e e g a d g e t s c a n y o u liv e w i t h o u t ?
achievements 2 W hat three gadgets can t you live w ith o u t?
3 W h e n y o u w e r e a c h i l d , w h a t c o u ld y o u d o
3 a C om plete the sentences about A kebono, th e sum o
w ith o u l asking?
w re s tle r, w ith w ords and expressions fro m the box.
I could play n th e stre e t w ith o u t asking. But when
jo in re tire d becam e inte re ste d in
I w a n t e d t o g o t o t h e p a r k , I h a d to a s k m y p a r e n t s .
w as the firs t study won__________
----------------------------
1 He wanted t o_. h o te l m a n agem ent,
2 He sum o fro m v^atching it on television. S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
3 He flew to Japan to A zum azeki's stable.
Can you do these th in g s in E n g lish ? {ircle D a n u m b e r
tx A kebono fo re ig n e r to becom e a
on each lin e . 1 = I c a n 't do th is , 5 = I can do th is w e ll.
yokozuna„
5 He _ a b a ske tb a ll sch o la rsh ip . laLk a bout electronic gadgets you use s
6 He in 2001. use th e phone In d iffe re n t situ a tio n s Q Q E K B
ta lk about past hatrits and s la te s S S S M S I
b Write sentences about a famous person in your
w rite abpui a m am ory
country. Use the e xp re ssio n s in 3a.

c Read your senten ce s to a p a rtn e r. Ask q u e stio n s


to fin d out m ore.
• For Wordeards. retenenc* and savw>g your work o e-Portto*o
• For more practica *• Self-study Pack, U nit 13

J
14.1 goals
xpress and respond lo opinions
have a discussion

A matter of

LISTENING a Find these- th in g s in th e p ic tu re .


boxers gloves th e referee the ring

b W hat o th e r s p o rts s im ila r to boxing can you th in k of? w restling, k a ra te .


c A re these k in d s of sports p o p u la r in y o u r country?

« C O Listen to the firs t


p a rt o f L e w is and A m e lia 's
co n ve rsa tio n . W ho like s
boxing? Who doesn’t?

a W hich o f these opinions


do you th in k a re Lew is's
(LJ? W hich do you th in k
a re A m e lia ’s IAI?
1 Boxing is dangerous.
2 O ther s p o rts are more
dangerous.
Lewis and Amelia from the USA are watchi ng a boxing
In boxing, the goal is to
match at hone.
h u rt o th e r people.
L People are n a tu ra lly aggressive. A
5 Boxers are gre a t athletes.
6 People can choose to box o r not. &
7 C hildren u n d e r sixteen s h o u ld n ’t box.
8 If you ban boxing, it w ill becom e m oredangerou-s.
9 Boxers could do other sp o rts because th e y’re good athletes.
b Listen to the re st o f th e con ve rsa ticn and ch e ck y o u r ideas.
V o c a b u la ry re fe re n c e
a n d p r a c tic e , p i 5 4
I I » You say Boxers are great athletes not The boxers are great athletes.

Do you agree w ith th e opinions? Talk in groups.

m
What do you think?
VOCABULARY 1 a C o m p le te L e w is’s and A m elia s o p in io n s w ith w o rd s fro m th e box
Expressing
opinions feel course th+nk" know fin d thing lx2l anyway

1 I th in k it's aw fu l.
2 f_ _ it q u ite exciting.
3 We a l t that people a re aggressive.
A A n d _ _ ___________. nobody has to box.
5 I re a lly th a t if people w a n t to box. we s h o u ld n 't stop them .
6 Of th a t’s r o t the sam e.
7 The _ is, they have ru le s and th e re ’s s referee.
8 A n o th e r .Is . berng a boxer is a jo b , you know.

b • E Ö Listen to check. 0

SPEAKING a T h in k about y o u r o p in io n s on som e of these things. I th in k we should buy


fresh fooc in m arkets,
• th e e n viro n m e n t • s u p e rm a rke ts • banks not superm arkets.
• h e a lth and fitness • the In te rn e t
IS ------------------------------
ib L iste n to each o th e r's opinions. Do you agree?

VOCABULARY Read six e x tra c ts fro m Lewis and A m e lia 's conversation. W hich h ig h lig h te d
Responding to e xp re ssio n s can we use if we w a n t to:
opinions
1 agree? 2 disagree? 3 fin is h w h a t we re saying?

1 L 1mean, b k x of boxers get injured Some even die


Sony hut more people die In football matches, you know.
Lots of sports can be darigei ous
Y-i- j but In football you'ie not trying to kuit some^n-s. are you?
People are aggiessve. Naturally.
VVt*l! JiM v äüy I thick it depends on their envftoomenL
Yeah, but .
Jus: - •* i cl The thing is. they have lules arid there’s a referee.
and thatU be a tot more dangerous.
OK. that’s a good point
But you sa;d boxers are great athletes, light1?
a Y&i, oxactty.

* G D Listen to the responses in 3. W hich w ords are stressed in th e highlighted


expressions? O

W o rk in A /B p airs. S tu d e n t A, say th e fir s t lin e s in 1 -6 above. S tudeni B. cover 1-6


and give responses. Then change roles.

SPEAKING 3 T h in k about these statem ents. Do you agree o r disagree? Why?

1 People s w ritin g and sp e llin g a re g e ttin g w orse because of texting and e m a il.
2 Tower b lo cks are the best places to live.
3 You do n 't re a lly need to w o rry about y o u r health u n til your 30.
£ It s best to w o rk fo r one com pany a ll yo u r life.
5 Everyone should te a m at least tw o o th e r languages.
6 U n ive rsity education should be free fo r everyone

b In gro u p s, ta lk about 1-6 .

c W h irh to p ics did y o u r gro u p ayr ee and disagree about? T e ll th e class.


1 4 .2 goals
Carbon tootprmt have a discussion _______
d is c u ss im ag inary situations

READING A carbon fo o tp rin t is the am o u n t of


carbon d ioxide (C 0 2) we produce fro m o u r da ily a c tiv itie s .
W hat a c tiv itie s do you th in k cre a te a carbon fo o tp rin t?

a Y ou're going to read an a rtic le by N andita, Ways to


reduce y o u r k itc h e n ’s carbon fo o tp rin t*. W hat do you
th in k s h e 'll say about these th in g s?

Nandita is a writer and microwave d is h w a s h e r l ig h t b ulb pressure cooker


lives in Mumba. India
She's aiso a doctor and
has her own b'o-g about
cooking, called Saffron
\\v \\
Trail.
v
bottled s o la r p o w e r
w a te r

b Read the a rtic le . W ere your ideas co rre ct?

Efc We-» PpvtM [a * bab


http. .VMiffronuall,blogs pot .com/virav^-io reduce-vw,-kiKH*m-caHbctvlitmi

Ways to reduce your kitchen’s carbon footprint


June 5 rs W<xW Environment Day I thought it would be a perfect opportunity to see how I could improve the environment
in my own small way. These idsas helped me reduce my carbon footprint in the krtctejn and helped ms save money, ioo

p Do you keep the microwav? and other Kitchen machines on p Please team to usea pressure cooker if you don't already, it tekes
standby? Does your refrigerator need to be so cold? Is your 90% less time to cook rice, vegetables and lentils than by taong.
dishwasher only halt full? it all wastes energy. p if your tap water is drinkable, don't drink botletf water. It just
P If you use light bulbs in your kitchen, change to low-energy bulbs. Increases the amount of plastic In the environment.
They waste less energy, heat up ttie place less and last longer. p Plan your shopping for food and kitchen supplies so you can get
II everyone changed to low-energy bulbs, the world would use everything in one trip if you share a car with friends, you'll have
4% less electricity. fun and save fuel.
p .Vhsn I’m ushg the oven, I bake two or three dishes together. p Grow as many green herts as possible They'll make your krtchen
For those with a small oven, if you prepare everythi-ng ahead of look nice, you can use them in cooking and they’ll also increase
time and bake the dishes one after the other you won’t have to the oxygen supply.
pre- neat the oven again.
P Solar heaters are very popular in the South of ndia and many new
buildings have Sherr If we get a tot of sunlight we shouldn't waste it*

e biggest problem we have today in »rate is the feeling Ek mere sc kya hogs7 (Hindi far ‘What different« will ow
ESOmmake?’} Bit if everyone thought like that, we wouldn’t change anything if we all managed our homes defter, our
ies would soon do cleaner and greener

SPEAKIN6 3 T alk about each of N andita s points. W hich do you th in k is:

a good idea7
a good idea but a lo t of people do it already? I th in k i t s a good idea not to
a good idea bu t d iffic u lt to do? keep m achines on standby, but
a w aste of tim e? I often forget to tu rn them off.
Imagine
GRAMMAR
a Read the two sentences. Then answer the questions.
Real and unreal
A if you share a car with frie n d s , y o u 'll have fun and save fueL
conditionals
8 If everyone changed to lo w -energy bulbs, th e w o rld w o u ld use 4% less electricily.
1 A re they about: a the past? b the pre se n t o r fu tu re ?
2 Which sentence means:
a the situ a tio n is possible (re a l conditional]
b th e situ a tio n is im aginary and probably won t happen (unreal co n d itio n a l!
b Complete the sentences in the table with th o u g h t, prepare, w on’t have and
w o u ld n 't change.

A / / + present s im p le , w ilt + in fin itive


If you share a ca r w ith frie n d s , y o u 'll have fun and save fu e l.
If you everything ahead of tim e , you to pre-heat :he oven again
B / / t past sim p le , w o u ld * in fin itive
If everyone changed to lo w -energy bulbs, the w o rld w o u ld use 4% le ss electricity.
If e ve ryo n e like thait, we anything.

You can change the o rd e r:


The w o rld w ould use 4% less e le c tric ity if everyone changed to lo w -e n e rg y bulbs.

•: E > > You say If everyone shared a car. we would save fuel n o t If e w ryerre- w ould share a
/ > aQ rt-, -jvvcr
.IrJfc w
i l l Jot tl /. rf £/
W ^j a^ ^r1 Ar ft/tr
» H A -r .
c

2 a Read the s itu a tio n s , then {circled he c o rre c t u n d e rlin e d w o rd s in th e sentences.

situation w h a t the person says

1 1 m ig ht see Susan th is a fternoon. 'If 1 see / saw Susan, l*W / f'd give h e r y o u r m essage.’
2 1 don’t have a bike. *lf 1 have / had a bi ke, I 'll / I'd use it to get to work
3 He hate s exercise. H e 'll / He'd be a lo t h e a lth ie r if he does / did some exercise.'
A We m ig h t go to Spain in July. 'If we go / w e n t to Spain, we’l l /w e 'd visit A ndalusia firs t.'
5 You d o n 't have a com puter. if you have / had a com puter, yo u r life w ill / w ould be a lo t easier.'
6 S he 'll probably w o rk la te to n ig h t. If she w o rks / w orked late, s h e 'U /s h e 'd get a taxi hom e.'

b « E D L iste n to check. 0

Complete these sentences. Think about your situation, then choose the correct form.
1 If I h a v e /h a d tim e this w e e k e n d ...
I f I have tim e this weekend, I'll go and see that exhibition. (You probably have tim e.I
I f I had tim e this weekend, i ’d go and see that exhibition. (You don't have tim e.)
2 If I need / needed som e new clothes ...
3 If m y frie n d c a lls /c a lle d l a t e r ...
G r a m m a r r e fe r e n c e 4 If I change / changed jobs ...
an d p r a c tic e , p 1 4 6
5 If I can / could change one th in g in m y c o u n try ...

PRONUNCIATION a T h in k about how to say yo u r sentences fro m 3. M a rk / / betw een g ro u p s o f w ords.


Groups of 1 If I have tim e th is weekend / / I’l l go and see th a t exhibition.
w ords 3
b Say y o u r sente n ce s to each other. A re y o u r s itu a tio n s th e sam e o r d iffe re n t?
Com pare yo u r ideas.

SPEAKING a N andita says, 'If we a ll managed o u r hom es b e tte r, o u r c itie s w ould soon be
c le a n e r and greener.' T h in k about m ore things people could do to reduce th e ir
mM everyone turned carbon fo o tp rin t:
H fe w n the*r healing c r • at hom e (healing, a ir conditioning, w aste .. I
l » r conditioning, w e’d • tra v e llin g (long-distance, fuel, pu b lic o r private tr a n s p o r t... I
■ ifs e less energy • shopping (local products, packaging, s e c o n d -h a n d ... I
• fre e -tim e a c tiv itie s i-cycling. w a lkin g I
• at w o rk Im achines. recycling, w o rk in g from hom e ... I

I b Talk in groups. W hat doyou th in k about each o th e r's ideas? Why?


m Target activity
1 4 .3 g o a ls
Have a debate express opinions
have a discussion
TASK READING 1 Ask and a n s w e r the questions. d iscuss im a g in a ry situa tions
la k e p o rt in a m eeting
1 W hat are th e m ost im p o rta n t
a irp o rts in yo u r country?
2 Are there any plans to m ake them b ig g ?r o r to bu ild new ores?
3 What do you th in k are the advantages c f living near an a irp o rt?
W hat are the disadvantages?
P r o n u n c i a t io n r e fe r e n c e E » Be ca re fu l w ith the p ro n u n cia tio n of advantages /a d 'v a in tu is iA and
a n d p r a c t ic e , p 1 5 7
disadvantages /d is s d 'v o in t id ji^

2 a Read the in fo rm a tio n . Match the pho to s 1-3 w ith th e places A-C on th e map.

It’s d ea r that this an.*a o f the country needs a bigger airport. The present
airport. very near Sandstown. is extremely important for business and for local
tourism, but everyone agrees that its to« small. It gets thousands o f passengers
every day, both from other cities in the country and from abroad, and this
number will probably increase by at least fifty percent an the next five years.
Some people think the best solution to this problem would be to make the
airport bigger by adding a new terminal. Others bel ieve that Sandstown Airport
should be cl used, and a new airpor. built further away fircim the town. The a* arc
two possible locations fora new airport: near the village of Sibley on the coast,
or on the road going through the Nature Reserve. Department o f Transport
officials are coming to- meet local people and to hear thear opinions ...

— -r -

b Read the in fo rm a tio n again and th e n a n sw e r th e q u e stio n s to g e th e r.


1 W hat's the p roblem w ith the a irp o rt now?
2 There are th re e possible so lu tio n s to the problem . W hat are they?
3 W h a l a r e t h e g o o d a n d b a d p o in t s o f e a c h s o l u t io n ?

T A SK 3 You're going to have a m eeting to ta lk about the a irp o rt. W o rk in fo u r groups.


Group A. you live in Sandstown, n e a r th e a irport, Look at the role card on p i 22.
Group B. you live in Sibley. Look at the role card on p124-
Group C. you w o rk a t the N ature Reserve, Look at th e role card on p i 28.
Group D, you w o rk fo r th e g o vernm ent, a t the D e p a rtm e n t o f Transport. Look at the
role card on p130.
F o llo w th e in s tru c tio n s on y o u r card.

U Get in to g ro u p s o f fo u r, w ith one person fro m each of the groups A -D .


S tu d e n t D, s ta rt th e m eeting.

5 a W hen you fin is h yo u r m eeting, go back to yo u r o rig in a l g ro u p .


Groups A. B. C. how w a s yo u r m eeting? What do you th in k th e governm ent w ill
decide?
Group D. w h a t did you th in k a b o u t the a rg u m e n ts you heard? Decide w h e re the
a irp o rt sh o u ld be and why.
b L is te n to group D's decision. Do you th in k i t ’s th e rig h t decision? Why? / Why not?

I
EXPLORE

Keyword would
wo uses of would E xp re ssio n s w ith w o u ld
We use WOeld to ta lk a b o u t: Match sentences 1 -8 w ith ih e responses a -h .
• E D Then liste n to check. O
A im aginary th in g s in the pre se n t / fu tu re ;
I t ' i i>2 r e a lly nice re gee out of the c it y , unit 11 1 Can I take you ou t fo r dinner?
2 W ould you close th e w indow , ptease?
B h a b its in the past: 3 Let's eat and then go to the cinema.
When I was a l i t t l e g ir l, ve'd often swim in the A B ra n d o r Hotel. Can I help you?
pool. B» » 4 IJ 5 W e're going fo r a d rin k . Can you com e too?
6 W ould it be p o ssible to m e e t up to m o rro w ?
Which sen ten ces, 1 -5 . a re like A? Which a re like B ? 7 W ould you m in d lending me your dictionary?
8 How a b cu t coffee at three o clock ?
1 It w ould be a -good idea to ban m u sic in
s u p e rm a rke ts and o th e r pu b lic places. a Yes. I'd lik e to book a room , please,
2 The w orld w o u ld be a lo t ha p p ie r tf people b I'd love to. I 'll ju s t get m y jacket,
d id n 't have to w o rk so much. c I’d ra th e r m eet today if we can.
3 When I was a stu d e n t. I'd alw ays ge t a jo b in d Four w o jld be b e tte r fo r me
the summ er. e Yes. it is ra th e r cold,
4 1 th in k it w o uld be in te re s tin g to learn a n o th e r f That w o u ld be lovely!
language. g I'd p re fe r to go to the cinem a firs t,
5 I'd ö fte r sleep la te on Saturday m o rn in g s. h Sorry, but I'd ra th e r not, I'm using it now-
w hen I was a teenager.
In p airs, take tu rn s to say 1 -8 and re m e m b e r the
W rite fo u r sentences w h ic h are tru e fo r you, using responses in a -h .
the u n d e rlin e d w ords. In p airs, ta lk about yo u r
se n te n c e s.

It w ou ld be a good idea to have m ore free parking in


this city.

Independent learning
How can you use these th in g s o u tsid e th e classroom
to im pro ve yo ur speaking? T a lk in groups.

«C 3 I Listen and a n s w e r th e que stio n s.

1 W hich picture. A o r B , does each person ta lk about?


2 Were th e ir ideas successful?

In pairs, put M ig u e la 's and A s la n 's in s tru c tio n s in the c o rre c t order.

M ig u e la s idea
I] T h e n try to say everything at the sam e tim e as the recording.
D Read the scrip ts 3nd repeal each line a fte r the recording.
[ ] Listen to th e conversations on yo u r coursebook CD.

Aslan s idea
□ Plan w hat you w ant to say.
□ Check y o u r gram m ar. look up new word s and check
pronunciation.
J Listen and w rite dow n w hat you sasd.
H3 Listen and do steps 3 -5 again if necessary,
Ö P ractise again and th e n record yo u rs e lf again.
] Ret-uid yuur belt ^pedkiny

Read the s c rip ts on p173 to check.

W hat do you th in k about th e ir ideas? W hat o th e r ways have A s.a n fnpn-i Turkey a nd Miguela from Sp ain
you trie d to im p ro ve y o u r speaking? talk about how they tried to improve their
speaking.
P 1
IMPLORI Speaking
Ca n you re m e m b e r th e a n sw e rs to th e se
Goal
use e xp ression s to soften o p in io n s and
disag ree m en ts
q u estion s? If you need help, look back at
th e text on p i 18.

1 What w as the p roblem w ith the a irp o rt


in Sandstown?
2 W hat w ere th e th re e possible so lu tio ns
to the problem ?
3 What w ere som e of the good and bad
points of each solution?

2 f i D Listen to in te rv ie w s w ith th re e people


livin g in Sandstow n. Who th in k s th e a irp o rt
sh o u ld stay in S andstow n? W ho th in k s it
sh o u ld move?

3 a • G D Listen again. W hat reasons do the


peopLe give?

b Read the conve rsa tio n s b elow to check.

4 a W hich of the h ig h lig h te d expressions


Leona is a local radic journalist. She's asking people in Sandstown
1 -8 m ake an opinion s o fte r? (x3l
what they think shou.d be done about the a irport.
W hich m ake a d isa g re e m e n t s o fte r? (x5)

b •ID Listen to 1-8. W hich w o rd s are s tre sse d n th e h ig h lig h te d expressions?

c L iste n again and re p e a t Q

5 a W ork alone. Choose tw o o r th re e to p ics and m ake notes about your op in io n s and reasons.
• a good place to live • in te re s tin g TV pro g ra m m e s o r film s • £ nice place to vis it
• a good tim e of ye a r to have a holiday • good places to shop

a good place to liv e - the countryside, quiet and clean.


I think the best place to live
b In pairs, take tu rn s to give y o u r opinions and say w h e th e r is in th 0 countryside because
you agree o r disagree. Use the h ig h lig h te d expressions W ell, I'm not so
it’s quiet and clean.
in the scrip t. Ask q u e stio n s to fin d o u t m ore. s u re b eca u se ...
^ ----------------------------------------
----------------------

leona Excuse me I m Leona Cook Excusc me Can i ask you


o LEONA Excuse me, Leona Cook,
Irom IJPC news. Can you tell what's your opjroon aixwt UPC news There’s s lot of
us. wbat do you think about the airport? Where do you discussion at the moment
Sandstown anpott? thin* it. should be? -about the airport here and
KARL WeQ.1 ' ' I ■: >ut CAROLE I know some people Hunk where it should tj*i P<j you
it a kx. but I suppose i! should we should move ft. hut 3i have any thoughts on that?
be moved Its very old. 1 don" i sally agree I use the as«as Well.* migtu be wrong, but
jem enbet when it was fcutJt aupoit quite a lot and it's I think they should build the
35,40 years age? good to have the airport airpor. near Sibley. But no:
leona Forty-two years What do nfeäl the town. 4’t .'; tnw wo in the Nature Reserve.
you &ink abou i the idea of need a bigger airport. but LEONA But Sandstown already has
simply extending the airport the location isn't a problem an airport Wouldn't it be
by fcuskimy another terminal? LEONA But if they made the airport tiioaper just to make that
Wouldn't that 1% heller? bigger, they’d have to airport bigger?
karl Well ** m ncH sure about üiaL hutld ovct the Worth Paifc. ABBAS 7Tha!'5 a gcod p a n t. but I
There isn’t room, unless they wouldn't they? Surely that think they could sell the land
build over the Noith Paik, end wouldn't be a gcod thing? in Sandstown 8: y uess ti's
I WOultin't want th at 1 dent Actually, 5 -t not so sur-: I worth a lot oi money. Then
tinnKtneie sie erinuyh green grew up near that park and they oould use tiiat money to
spaces in the town as it is. I don't thini it's anything pay ici the new anport. Yeah
special. and it's already very
noisy because of ail the
planes. But t hole's lots of
lovely countryside outside
Lh<? town. and we don't want
to lose- that

128
look again O
Review Extension
VOCABULARY E xpressing o p in io n s , re sp o n d in g | SPELLING AND SOUNDS-le , -e l, - a l, - u l h \ /
to opin io n s

1 a C om plete the e xp re ssio n s fo r: /a l/. Listen and repeat.


giving opinions people channel usual aw ful
I t _____ We a lt k th a t.
- u l is nearly a lw a ys in th e ending -fu t.
I re a lly f th a t... T he t _ iS ...
If_. it-
b In p airs, com plete the w o rd s w ith th e c o rre c t
disagreeing endings.
S_ b u t... Y _ b u t ...
n a tio n s k ilf tro v sim p _ _
W ell, nut r _______
vow tro u b a n im chann___
agreeing possib b e a u tif_ ca p it w o n d e rf
OK. th a t's a good p usef vegetab Hospit
Yes. e ______ .
c • Spellcheck. C lose yo u r book. L is te n to
b In groups, take tu rn s to s ta rt co n ve rsa tio n s w ith tw e lve w ords and w rite th e m down.
these sentences and re p ly to th e m .
d Look a t th e s c rip t on p173 to check y o u r s p e llin g .
1 Let s go out to m o rro w night. Do you kn o w any
good shows o r film s ? NOTICE waste, save
2 Let s go to a fa st-fo o d place a fte r class,
3 Let's open the w in d o w It s too hot in here. a C om plete these sentences fro m N andita's a rtic le
A L e t’s sta rt run n in g lo r fitn e ss. We can go every w ith w aste c r save in the c o rre ct fo rm .
m orning.
1 These ideas helped me m oney, too
5 Let'? go fo r a picnic this weekend,
2 Does yotir re frig e ra to r need to be so cold?
c Did you agree in the end? T e ll th e class. Is yo u r dish w a sh e r only h a lf fu ll? It a lt
energy.
GRAMMAR U nreal co n d itio n a ls 3 Change to lo w -energy bulbs. They less
energy, heat up th e place less and last longer
a W hat w ould you do? C om plete the sentences w ith A If you share a ca r w ith friends, y o u 'll have fun
your own ideas. and _ fuel.
5 If we get a lo t of sunlight, we sh ouldn't _ it.
1 IM had the tim e, l‘d
2 If I had the m oney. I’d ... b Read the a rtic le on p i 16 to check.
3 If I had the chance, I'd ...
A If I had m ore energy. I d ...
c T h in k o f ways you could w a ste less o r save:
a e n e rg y b m oney c tim e
5 !f I had a la rg e r hom e. I d ...
6 If I had a tim e m achine. I'd ... d Com pare your ideas. Are they the sam e o r
d iffe re n t?
b C om pare your ideas in gro u p s. Ask questions to
fin d o u t more.

CAN YOU REMEMBER? U nit 13 - G adgets

3 a M atch 1 -6 w ith a - f to m ake sentences.

1 1use it a easier.
2 1d o n ’t know b have one at home S e lf-a s s e s s m e n t
3 It m akes life c w ith o u t it.
Can you do these things in English ?:CircleJa number
& l have one but 1 d a ll the tim e.
on each line. 1 = I can’ t do this, 5 = I can do this well.
5 1d o n 't even e hardly ever use it.
6 I c o u ld n 't live f how to use them . express opinions n o n
have a discussion
b T h in k of d iffe re n t g a d g e ts you ow n such as:
ta lk about im aginary s itu a tio n s
• kitchen gadgets - cle a n in g gadgets take p a d in a m eeting m m
• e le ctro n ic dictionary o r o th e r study aids use e xp ression s to soften o p in ions and
» h a ird rye r, ele ctric shaver, etc. disagreem ents

I
C Talk about them , using sentences 1-6. • Fo r W ord cards., n t Ic ro rc c » a n d s a v in g y o u r w o rk * e- P o rtfo lio
• F o r m o r e p r a c t i c a - S « H -s ti* c fy P a c k . U m t 1«
i have a h a ird rye r bu t I h a rd ly ever use it.
Activities
Unit 1, p12, An unusual athlete su (student w
M ichelle Sung Wie
- (be) Korean-Amencan professional gnlfpr
- (be) b ora in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1989
- (begin) playing golf at the a g e of four
- (win) tw o major go]f tournam ents in Hawaii a t tihe age o f 11
- (becom e) a professional player a t 15
- (be) 185 cm tall and very strong
- (train) bard every day
- (w ant) to play in th e M asters one day
- (prepare) for a tournam ent at the moment

Read th e in fo rm a tio n about M ich e lle . T h in k about these que stio n s.

1 W hat does she do?


2 How did she get in to golf?
3 W hat's sh e doing at the m o m en t?

Unit 14, p118, Target activity 3 (Group A)


You live in Sandstown. near the airport. You 're going to have a m eeting with som eone
from the government who w ants to hear different people's opinions.

You don't want them to m ake the airport bigger b ecau se:
o the roads to and from the airport are too small and there's already too much traffic,
0 the only p ossible sp ace for a new terminal is a beautiful park near your home.

You think they should build a new airport further away from the town.

D iscuss these questions.


1 W hat will you say? Can you think of more argum ents?
2 W here do you think the n ew aiiport should b e (near Sibley, or in the Nature
R eserve)? Why?

Unit 13, P113. look again ia andb


Game 2 - E xpressio ns w ith tim e

S tudent C. read the sentences Say gap!' fo r the m issing w ord.

A nsw ers
1 I need my mobite phone w ith m e th e tim e la ll)
2 Piensa en m i' is m y favourite song o f t ime. la ll)
3 If you're busy to m o rro w , w e can m e e t tim e. (a nother]
& In 1969. man w a lke d on th e m oon fo r th e tim e (first)
5 I'm sorry l*U m iss the lunch. I hope y o u a good tim e (have)
6 Is this y o u r tim e in Canada? (first)
7 We p ro b a b ly a bit too m uch tim e s u rfin g th e In te rn e t (spend)
8 Would you m ind changing o u r a p p o in tm e n t? tim e is fine. (Any)
9 t need m y p a s s p o rt tim e I go on holiday. (everyl

T22
Unit 12. p99, TWo small countries 6a (student b >
T h e M a ld iv e s

Geography: More th a n 1 0 0 0 sm all islands (though only 2 5 0 populated) in Indian Ocean.


S m allest country in Asia. S m allest M uslim country.
P opulation: 3 8 0 .0 0 0

Language(s): Dhivehi (official), English


C apital: Mate
G overnm ent: Elections every five years. P arliam ent (M ajlis) elects a president.
Economy: Tourism (about 0 .5 m illio n vis ito rs a year), fishing
H l6tory: Buddhist fo r over 2 .0 0 0 years. Islam introduced 1 1 5 3 . independence 1 9 6 b .

unit 4, p37, Telling a story 6a

tiO hO /O Ctrl tepyourc


p c t> *
- V C U ii (-€-0 * ö © (# a « b - f c tjif /L b -
Unit 4, p39, Independent learning 2b Vo
„ j ro s 0*^
1 Change the language on your co m p u te r to English.
O iX f
2 Change the language on youf m obile phone to English.
3 Listen to English ra d io p ro g ra m m e s and podcasts. 1
4 Listen to English songs. Find th e w ords on th e In te rn e t.
5 Make cards w ith E nglish w o rd s on one side and a d e fin ition f p ictu re on the other. Test yourself.
6 Make recordings of new English w o rd s and expressions. Listen to th e m on y o u r way to w o rk / school.
7 M eet yo u r classm ates h a lf an hour before cla ss begins. Chat in E nglish
8 P ractise reading a loud a s h o rt text w ith the c o rre c t sounds and stress
9 Read books in English. These can be sp e cia l books for stu d e n ts, o r c h ild re n 's books.
10 V isit Internet ch atro o m s fo r stu d e n ts of English.
11 Watch E nglish-language film s w ith su b title s in y o u r own language.
12 Watch E nglish-language TV p ro g ra m m e s w ith g story - fo r exam ple, soap operas.
13 Watch film s w ith s u b title s in English.
14 W rite a diary in E nglish. W rite every day o r every few days.
15 W rite dow n new E nglish w o rd s and expressions in a notebook. Read through them every few days.

Unit 5, p43, Now would you like to payP sa (student u


CONVERSATION 1 CONVERSATION 2
You're a custom er in a sm all shop. You're a receptionist in a museum.

T ick { / ) tlu e e th ing s you'd lik e to buy. You sell:


postcards o f Glasgow tickets £10 (adults) £6 (children) £4-50 (students. over-65s}
stam ps guided tours £2.50 extra
a dnnk- museum guidebooks £1.99 each
a local newspaper postcards £1.50 each
a sandw ich books about Glasgow’s history £1C each
a phone card
You do n 't M v e :
You’d lik e to pay by card. maps o f Glasgo w
You .have cash, but o n ly a £50 note. stamps

You tak e cash or cards


You don't iiave an y bags.
Unit 14. p118, Target activity 3 (Group B)

You live in the village of Sibley You’ie going to have a m eeting w ith someone from th e government
who w ants to hear different people's opinions.

You don’t want them to build the airport near the village b e c a u se :
o too many people will w ant to move there, it will get too crowded and there win b e too much traffic.
0 tö llfists come to Sibley for th e peace and quiet.

D iscuss these questions,


1 Do you think I hey should m ake Sandstown Airport bigger, or build a new a iip o it in. the Nature
R eserve’ Why?
2 W hat will you say? Can you think of more argum ents?

Unit 5, p45. Microereslft 6b (student b >


A A A O
5^4* ^ ^ http://«*»/* microcrediTSumrmt.org/5tOrtes/njlcmani.Mm * V ^

"■I had e leven children, Life w a s n 't easy," says Rukmani fro m B id a r in
In d ia . "T here were days w hen we d id n 't have any food.
"W h e n m y children g o t m a rrie d and le ft h om e, I g o t a loan o f 200
rupees, and b o u g h t som e pieces of m etal fro m th e s to p w here m y
h usband w orked. We used th e m etal to m ake useful th in g s like
knives. Then we sold th e m and m ade a p ro fit.
’‘ W ith a second loan, I s ta rte d a email $hop, Now m y husband and I
w o rk to g e th e r in th e shop and m ake up to 100 rupees a day."

Unit 6. p50, Burning calories 4b

The cycle washer


H ove you ever fell that there a re n 't enough hours in "I tend to get up a t around six-thirty now and get
ihe day? These days w e hove to d o our job?, look straight on Ihe cycle washer. I keep t in the garden,
after o u r homes, save energy to help the environment, so it's nice to get o u t in the fresh air. A fterw ards, I feel
an d d o exercise to stay healthy! lik e m any o f us. full o f energy. Then I generally have breakfast and a
A le * G adsden never had enough tim e. He ran a shower and I really feel ready to slart the day.'
business and a home and needed to lose w e ig h t. So The green washing machine uses 25 litres of w ater
he decided to d o something about it. He invented the a w ash, and takes enough clothes to fill a carrier bag.
cycle washer He norm ally cyces for 2 5 minutes to wash the clothes,
The 2 9 -ye cro ld now starts each d a y w ith a and then for another 2 0 minutes to dry them. And it
45-m inute cycle ride. H e nol o n ly feels healthier but he doesn't use any electricity, of course.
saves on his energy bills and does the washing too. M r G adsden, the boss o f a cleaning company,
He said, "It gives ihe user a g o o d w orkout. I've believes his m a ciin e could become very popular. W ith
only used it for tw o weeks but I've a lready noliced a an invention w hich cleans your clothes, keeps you fit
difference." a n d reduces your electricity bill, he may v/ell be right.

5 a Read your a rtic le again and a n sw e r th e q u e s tio n s a b o u t Alex.


1 Who had th e idea?
2 How m uch tim e does he spend cfoing exercise at the m om ent?
3 W hat's h is m o rn in g routine now?
U How bas «tchanged his life?
Unit 8, p69, It was made in ... 3 (Group«
nncs
1+ G | [ + | http://viww.myi>ter!ßs.conv'sar.htiTi

P
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-

I
Mysteries.com
T h e P ir i R e is M a p

This m a p (find) in 1929 in Istanbul. I t (make) of animal skin. It (draw) in


1513 by an admiral in the Turkish navy. Pin Rais I * (show) the west coast of Africa and
the east coast o1 South A m e ric a .
It's famous because some people (think) it also shows the coast of Antarctica. If true,
thrs would be amazing, because the history books say the Antarctic (discovered) in
1£20_ But other people (say) that the map’s 'Antarctica' is reaily just a bad drawing of
part of South America.

Uni! 9. P74, Why do we do it? 3b (Student B)

Everyone yawns - babies, children, So the traditional theory probably isn't yawning, and the number o f times they
teenagers; adult.« - bur the truth is that true. It also fails to answer a lot o f odier yawned in response was counted. It was
we don't completely understand why. questions. Why do some illnesses make found that the students yawned less
people yawn more? Why do Olympic often if they had something cold on their
Many people think that we yawn when
athletes sometimes yawn before a race? heads. People w-ho breathed through
we're dred or bored because our bodies
And what about group yawning', when their noses anotiieT way of cooling the
are trying to get more oxygen to the
people start yawning because they see brain - did not yawn at all.
b r a in . In 1B«7, Robert Provine from the
O Lh er people yawning?
University o f Maryland decided ro test So rt seems diat we yawn not when we’re
(Ills idea He asked groups o f students to One study suggests we yawn when our bored, but as a way o f cooling our brains
breathe different levels of oxygen for 30 brains are too hot. Yawning is simply a when we're tired or ill. 'Group yawning1
minifies, and counted how many rimes way o f cooling the brain and helping it to probably stalled many thousands of
they yawned. Tin* result? AH rhe students work belter. In the study, students were years ago. when it helped small gruups of
yawned about the same number of times. aslced to watch videos o f odier peopis people to concentrate and nonce dangers.

Unit 12, p99, TWo small countries 6a (student 0


Saint K itts and Nevis
Geography: Two islands in the Caribbean Sea: St K itts (bigger) and Nevis (sm aller, 3 km
to the south-east o f S t K ills), S m allest country In the Americas.

Population: 4 5 ,0 0 0 . High em igration: population is 25% less than in 1 9 6 0 .


Language(s): English
Capital: B asseterre
Government: E lections every fo u r years. P arliam ent o f 14 mem bers.
Economy: Banking, tourism , sugar
History: üoverned by B ritain / France from 17th century. Independence 1 9 8 3 . (Newest
independent country in th e Am ericas.

125
Unit 10, p87, Independent learning u
If yo u 're in an English-speaking country:
E veryday situations
1 Restaurants, airports, stations, post offices, ticket offices, etc.
- Plan w hat to *a y ahead of time. Look up useful words o r expressions.
Im agine w hat the other person might say a n d prepare answers.
2 Phone calls: m aking appointm ents, buying tickets, ordering food, etc.
- Do the same os 1. Think o f useful telephone expressions, then think
o f other useful language to use.
3 Announcements: airports, stations, etc.
- Practise listening to announcements. Try ro pick out key inform ation:
times, numbers, names, places.
The m edia
News on the television, ra d io o r In te rn e t the weather, sports, etc.
— Think abo ut o r look up w ords o r expressions for topics that are in the
news. Then w atch o r listen to the news.
O ther people
- Ask people to explain the m eanings o f interesting new w o rd s o r
expressions they use. Try to use them as soon as possible. J'■•.»
If y o u 're in your o w n country: 1 «
The m edio pr
1 N ew s on the Internet o r ra d io : the weather, sports, etc.
- Listen to o r read the news in yo u r o w n language first- Then listen to
the news in English. It w ill be easier to understand.
- Listen to the news on the Internet. W rite dow n new w ords fo r one
news item, lo o k them up, then listen to the news item again.
2. Films, TV shows
1
- W atch English-speaking films or TV shows w ith subtitles or dubb e d in 4o your language.
2
Then wafch them in English. Repeat. Each time the film o r TV show w ll be easier to understand
3
- C o p y the English subtitles for a short scene from the screen. Translate them into your ow n language.
Then listen to check.
3 5ongs
- Listen to songs to understand ih e main to p ic (love, etc.). Listen a g a in qnd w rite dow n as many w o rd s 05
possible. Try to guess Ihe story o r the singer's ideas. Then read the ly'ics to check.

Unit 2, p24, Explore speaking sa (student u


Role card 1
You w o rk for CSP.
A nsw er the phone and:
o explain tlxat the person is not there
o take the caller’s contact details and a m essage.

Unit 2, p24. Explore speaking so (student»


Role card 3 U
You woi3c for Findajob. You w ant to find out aho-ut an err-employee of CSP. Andy Koch.
Your nam e: Mukami LeJoj I
Y o g i p h e n e n u m b e r 0481 301 991 c
Y « k e m a il a d d re ss: m .Ielei^fin d aio b -co m .au c
C aSC SP asd
• sa? . . . w iz i to tails to Mrs M cLachlan You w ant to find out about an ex-employee. Andy Koch.
• i w e Tour ccn tä ft detaiLs and a m essage.
Tuvalu
Tuvalu is a group of n in e sm all islands in the South Pacific, betw een A ustralia and
Hawaii. Polynesian people first cam e to the islands about 3000 years ago and, becau se
they only lived on eight o f th e n in e islands, they called th e m ‘Tuvalu', w hich m ean s
'eight standing together'. Tuvalu w as governed by Britain from the late n in e te e n th
century un til 1 O ctober 1978, w h en it b ecam e an ind ep en den t country.
Nowadays Tuvalu is a m e m b e r o f the U nited N ations and its official languages are
Tuvaluan and English. M ost o f its 12,000 people live in Funafuti, the capital. It has a
prim e m inister and a parliam ent (Fale i Fono) o f ju st fifteen m em bers. A lthough Tuvalu
has elections every four years, there are no political parties. People generally vote for
friends, fam ily m em bers and w ell-know n people.
The governm ent’s largest sou rce o f in co m e is renting out its Internet d om ain nam e,
which is '.tv1. It also rents out its intern atio n al phone cod e (900) and m akes m o n ey by
selling stam ps and coins to collectors. Traditionally, each fam ily on Tuvalu has its own
work to do (salanga ), for exam ple fishing, farm ing, defence, or house-building. T here
are very few tourists in Tuvalu sim ply b e cau se it’s so difficult to get to. There is on e sm all
airport w ith flights to and from Fiji, no railway, and ju st eight kilom etres o f roads.
The highest point in the islands is only five m etres above the sea, so clim ate change is
a big worry for the people o f Tuvalu. If the w ater rises by a few centim etres, it will be
im possible to live there.

A nsw er the questions.

1 Where is it? How big is it? 4 Does it get many visitors?


2 How many people live there? 5 What languages do people use?
3 What jobs do people do? 6 How does it make money?

S an M a rin o
Geography: In the Apennine Mountains in Italy. 61 km2. 33% the size o f Washington DC.

Population: 3 0 ,0 0 0
Language(s): Italian (official), Emiliano-Romagnolo

Capital: City of San Marino


Government: Elections every five years. Parliament (Consiglio) with 60 mem bers chooses
two ‘captains' from different parties every 6 months.
■Economy: More than 2 m illion to u rists a year. Also banking, electronics, wine, stam ps.
> Now one of the w orld’s richest countries.

H istory: Founded over 2 ,3 0 0 years ago by Marinus of Rab (Croatia). The world's oldest
republic.

Unit 11, p97 L iiif a ia ii 3a (SMsut it


Hotel expressions
o private parking o a sin gle room o a b u sin ess cen tre
o air conditioning o an en -su ite bathroom
Unit 13, p113, Look again ia and b
Game 1 - Telephone expressions
Can I ija p f to John
S tudent C. read the sentences-w ith telephone expressions. Say ‘ gap!’ fo r the m issing word. Andrew s, please7
--------------------
A nsw ers
1 Can I to John Andrew s, please? (speak)
2 Is Christsne A ndrew s? (that!
3 C hristine, his wife. (It'sl
4 Ju st a .p le a s e . (m om ent)
5 I'm sorry but John is n 't _______ at the m om ent. (here)
6 Do you w ant m e to take a __________________ ? (m essage]
7 C ould you ask h im t o me? (call)
8 Us t his a good _ _ _ _ to talk? (tim e]
9 H I call y o u later. (back)

Unit 14, p118, Target activity 3 (Group0


You're an environm entalist working in the Nature Reserve. You're going to have a m eeting
with someone from the governm ent who w ants to Jaeai different people’s opinions.

You don't want them to build th e airport in the reserve becau se:
6 the reserve has a lot of unusual biids and animals, w hich you can’Lfind anyw here else
in the country.
0 local people n e e d so m e w h e re q u ie t a n d beau tifu l w h e re th e y can spend tim e .

D iscuss these questions.


1 Do you think they should m ake Sandstow n Airport bigger, or build a new airport in
Sibley? W hy?
2 WImt will you say? Can you think of more argum ents?

Unit 1, p12, An unusual athlete 8b (student b>


Vincent Mantsoe
- (be) a dancer, choreographer and teachei
- (be) bom in Soweto. South Afnca
- as a boy (dance) with youth clubs, practising street dances
- (copy) dance moves from videos
(train) with the Johannesburg Moving into Dance company
- (create) own style of dance, called Afio-fusion
- now (have* his own international company of dancers
th e company (include) dancers from Prance. South Africa, th e USA and Japan.
- (prepare) a big now show at the moment

Read the information about Vincent. Think about these questions.


1 W hat does he do?
2 How did he get into dancing?
3 W h a ts he doing at the m om ent?

Unit 11, p97, Look again 3a (student»


Hotel expressions
o 5 i -ote l » a tw in room o a bulfet breakfast
o a d o u b ie ro o m * a health d u b

128
Ini! 10, p85, P la n and arraifl»® nts «#
© 0 Q _______________ • ________________ '_____________________ C D

Hi L e o n a rd o ,
I t w a s re a lly nic e to see y ou a g a in a ft e r s o m a n y y e a rs - an d g r e a t to c a tc h up o n a ll y o u r
n e w s . T h a n k s a g a in fo r a lo v e ly d in n e r. A n d th a n k y o u fo r th e flo w e rs - th e y 'r e b e a u tifu l!
I h o p e y o u had a g o o d flig h t h o m e a n d a re n o t to o tir e d . K eep in to u c h - a n d see y o u in M ay!
Min

R o le card 2
You are Ja k e Sand ers and you w ork for Find ajob.
Call CSP and:
o say you w an t to talk to Sara M oore. You w a n t to find out about an ex-em p loy ee, M eg an Simmons,
o le a v e your con tact details and a m e ssa g e .
Your phone num ber: 0443 657 234
Your em ail ad d ress: j. san d ers@ fin d ajob .com .au

SS« ü lasP
CONVERSATION 1 CONVERSATION 2
You're an a ssista n t in a sm all shop. Y ou're a visitor to a m useum .

You sell: C hoose th e kind of tick et you w ant,


postcard s of G lasgow 80p each an adult ticket, a child tick e t (under 18),
books of 12 stam ps £3.50 each a stu d en t ticket, a senior citizen tic k e t (over 65)
local n ew sp ap er £1.20 each
T ick ( / ) th ree m ore th in g s you’d like to buy.
p hone cards £5 or £ 1 0 each
a m u seu m guidebook
You d on't have: a guided tour of th e m useum
d r in k s a m ap of G lasgow
sand w ich es a book about G lasgow ’s history
p o stcard s
You d o n 't take cards, only cash.
stam p s
You don’t w an t any big notes.
You’d like to pay by card.
Y ou’d like a bag.

Unit: 8, p69, II uns siafli 1®... s


k )ro a • ■ . : j
C j + ‘ http://www.mysteries.com/sar.htm

Mysteries.com in
There are about 300 of these balls in Costa Rica. The first stone balls. . (discover) in the
jungles of Costa Rica in the 1930s. The balls are not natural objects. T h ey . (make) by
people in Central America a long time ago, but nobody knows for sure what th ey (use) for.
Som e of the balls are very small - ju st two centimetres - but others are more than two metres
across. W e (not / know) how old the balls are becau se most of th e m (move)
soon after th ey . . (find). They may be 500 years old, or more than 2000. In Costa Rica,
the s to n e s ____ . (call) L a s B o la s .

129
Unit 9, p74, Why do we do it? 3b (student c>

The human eye produces three kinds of Why do emotional tears have a different Women usually have about twice as much
tears. Basal tears are produced all die chemistry from other tears? Why do we prolactin in their bodies as men. and diis
lim e to keep our eyes wet and help us cry at all? There seem to he nvo answers may explain why women cry more often
to see. Reflex tears clean our eyes when to these questions. than men.
we get din in them or. for example, chop
First, wiien we feel very strung odu Irnis Tin* secund .reason for ciyiug is iu
onions. Emoilonai tears are produced
like extreme sadness or happiness;, our com municate withuiher people. Babies
when we're very sad or happy, or in
bodies make a lot of extra chemicals ca n t speak, so they use crying to tell
great pain. Interestingly, emotional
and hormones. Then, when we cry. our people when t hey’re hungry, frightened.
tears contain a lot o f chem icals find
emotional tears take these chemicals and so on. As adidts. we cry iess often but
hormones which we don’t lind in the
and hormones out o f our bodies. This we probably civ for the sam e reasons: to
other kinds of tear.
may be why people sometimes say that show people that w ere in physical or
Basal and reflex rears are certainly useful, they “feel better' after crying. One o: the em otional pain, and that we need hcJp.
but why do we produce emo tionai tears? hormones in emotional tears is prolactin.

Unit 12, p103, Independent learning 4


& v *- *r*» ;»» e*
__________________________________________________________ - B » __ "
m
The moon landing was a 'truly historic moment. My wife and I were in Scodand and
we stayed up most of ehe night to watch. My daughter was then three months old. so
we put her 2cot in front of the TV. bavfd H.

I was only three years old when Apollo 11 landed on the moon, but my father got
I
me out of bed because he wanted me to remember it To this day. can remember
watching the *fuzzy pictur es coming from the moon and I can Veca IIgoing outside and
trying to see the astronauts! J.Tims

Unit 14 Target activity 3 (Group d >


You work for th e government, at the Departm ent of Transport. You live and work hundreds
o f Kilometres from Sandstow n, but it's your job to decide w hat to do a b o u th e airport.

You g o to Sandstown to m eet people and hear their opinions. You organise a m eeting with
three people:
o someone who lives near the airport in Sandstown.
0 someone who lives in the village of Sibley.
© someone who works at the Naruie Reserve

D iscuss these questions.


1 At the moment, do you have an opinion about which solution is best?
2 W hat vnll you say at the m eeting? W hat questions will you ask?

Unit 2, p24, Explore speaking 5b «student b>


Role card 4
You work for CSP
A nsw er the phone and:
o explain that the person is not there
© take the caller's con tact d etails and a m essage.
Unit 3, p27, oö end you 5

c h ic k e n curry herbs la s a g n e

m u s h ro o m s salad strawberries vegetables

Unit 3r p28, Eating out 4

bread cake cucumber ice cream Dal


potatoes prawns rice salmon SOUp s te a k to m a to e s

Unit 3, p32, Explore writing 2


V e rb s f o r p r e p a r in g

chop cut pour s e rv e s h a ke stir

Unit 3, p32, 13
V e rb s f o r coo'kirvg

b a k e l b o il fry grill ro a st toast

131
Grammar reference and practice
Present simple, past simple,
be able to, can present progressive
MEANING MEANING
B » You say I would tove to be able to play it again not IvrotHd You can use the present simple to talK about things that are
fove lo cary play it -ogam. always true, or happen a ll the time.
I live in Frankfort m Germany.
You use can and be able to to talk about activities that you
I play tennis wi;h my sister every weekend
know how to do. They have the same meaning
You can use the past simple to talk about things that are in the
You only use can in the present simple past and finished.
/can play the steel drum.
When I was fifteen,! decided to be a doctor
You u se could fo r th e past sim p le an d conditional. I studied for seven years.
She could play the piano /Men stie was a chiCd. You can use the present progressive io talk about things
My däd could help us if he has time.
happening now. or around now-
You use be able to for the infinitive and all other verb forms. Sorry. I can ?go out now. I'm waiting fora phone calL
I would tike to be able to listen to Calypso- I'm reading a realty interesting boo* about the history of Turkey.
fn a few years s/>e will be able to play like a professional.
FORM
FORM
present simple past simple present
You don t use !o after can or could.
progressive
Li can smell the flowers when she rides her bike.
Her dad could nde a bike too. © Where do you What did you What are you
live? study? waiting for?
You use to after be able.
She wanted to be able to nde a horse so she took riding fessens. 1live in 1studied Im waiting fora
O
Frankfurt. medicine. phone call.
PRONUNCIATION
Be careful how you say the different forms. © 1don't Iwe in 1didn't study J'm not waiting
Berlin. languages. for you
When can is stressed it is pronounced lean-, which sounds l ike
man. When can is not stressed in the sentence, you say 'ken.'. r> Do you play Did you have a Are you
tennis’ good weekend’ ■listening to me?
Can't /kam t/ has a long a', like the ar' in car Make sure you
say the last letter t clearly. Yes, I do. Yes, 1did. Yes. 1am.
Gr
Don't say the I in -could /kud/. It rhymes with stood.
O No. 1don't. No. 1didln't Wo. I'm not.
PRACTICE
R e m e m b e r:
1 Complete the sentences with the correct fo r m o f can , (1) In the present simple, verbs wi th he I she f it have s or es.
could or be able to. Where does he Uve? He lives In Frankfurt. He doesn't live in Berlin.
1 you play any instruments’ No. I Does he play tennis 7 Yes. he does. No. be doesn't.
2 Li n o t n d e a m o lo r b ik e u n li l s h e le a rn e d
12) In the past simple, some verbs are regular and others are
la s t year.
irregular.
3 Sho hopes to nde her motorb ike around the
Regular.ptay splayed decde > decided study ■>studied
city soon.
Irregula r: be > was / were have > had go > went
£ Cameron and James w ill buy the tickets
to m o rro w . 13) In the present progressive, you C3r> make negatives in two
2 a P u t th e w ords in o rd e r to m a k e questions. w ays.

1 y o u / C a n / th e / p ia y / o r / p ia n o / g u it a r / th e 7 You are n t listening to me. You're not listening to me.


No, you aren't. No, you re not.
Can you play the piano or the guftar?
2 rr-o te rb ik c / n d e / you / C a n / a ^ B u t tiie r e 's * o n ly u n u k in d u f n e y j l i v c w iL li /..
3 when CouEd / you / read / were / you / four 1 I'm not talking !oyou.
- , . rr-:-r.ey / me / Could J some / lend ? No. I'm not.
5 iW 11 ' n c m e w o r k J you / a b le / b e / do / to / th is /
t w it eremrtg ’
b D'S-CuSS th e .-o~s

132
PRONUNCIATION FORM
Question words and main verbs usually have stress have / has 4 past participle.
• ■ » •
Where do you ffve? I live i n Frankfurt !,. you . w e . the y he. she. i t

B u t in n e g a tiv e s e n te n c e s a n d s h o r t a n s w e rs , d o / d id / b e o r
o I'v e s e e n a llA lm o d ö v a r s O S he s v is ite d m o re th a n
n o t a ls o ha ve stress..
film s . tw e n ty c o u n trie s .
• • m 9 m
f d id n t s tu d y la n g u a g e s - Your a r e n 't lis te n in g to rns.
• • • » Q W e h a v e n 't m e t J a n e 's Q He hasn~t d o n e g
Yes. he does No, I'm not. husband. c o m p u te r c o u rs e .
W e 'v e n e v e r m e t J a n e 's H e‘s n e ve r u se d a
PRACTICE husband. c o m p u te r.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.
Q H a ve th e y b e en to Ja p a n ? Q H as h e ta k e n h is d riv in g
1 Why don't you call Alain now"? He usually finishes Y es. th e y have. tes$?
[finish| work early on Fridays. Yes. he ha s.
N o . th e y h a v e n ’t
2 It Irainl all day yesterday so we
N o . h e h a s n 't.
(decide) to stay at home.
3 Ahmed _ (not work! Today. He’s ill. C o n tra c tio n s :
£ I _ Inot drivel, so I usually walk to places when O I’ve s I h a v e you ve = yo u haue w e 'v e = w e ha ve
I can. or get buses. th e y 'v e = th e y have
5 I Is e e l H e le n a in to w n y e s te rd a y . A n d g u e s s h e 's * he h a s s h e 's = s h e h a s it ’ s = it h a s
what’ She (get) married last month.
6 Can we rnake something vegetanan? Pam O h a v e n 't = h a v e n o t
h a s n 't = h a s n e t
I not eat) meat.
7 Sorry. Petra Italkl to a client at the moment. S o m e p a s t p a rtic ib te s a re r e g u la r a n d en d in -ed. T h e y 're th e
Can you phone back later? s a m e as th e p a s t s im p le .
8 When I (be) a child, we _ (not have! a lot like .> liked smoke > smoked visit > visited
of money, so W£ (not go) to restaurants.
S o m e p a s t p a rtic ip le s a re ir r e g u la r b u t the s a m e a s th e p a s t
2 a C o m p le te th e q u e s tio n s w ith do, does, did o r are. s im p le .
1 How often do you cook for more than two people? buy > bought have » had meet > /net
7 W hen _ y o u have y o u r f j r s t E n g lis h le s s o r ?
S o m e p a s t p a r tic ip le s a r e ir r e g u la r a n d d iffe re n t fro m th e p a s t
•3 What tame you usually go to bed?
s im p le , T h e y o t t e r e n d w ith n.
4 What _ you doimg at work these days?
eat > ste > eaten do > did > done see > saw > seen
5 Where you get your watch’
6 H ow y o u m e e t y o u r o ld e s t fr ie n d '’ 5 e e Irregular verbs o n p i 75.
7 How often it snow in your home town?
8 How many books you reading at the moment’ PRONUNCIATION
You u s u a lly s tre s s th e p a s t p a rtic ip le .
b Ask and answer the questions.
You don't usually stress have / has in positive sentences and
questions.
f've seen 111 A lm odw ar s films. Has he m it Jane?

Present perfect 1 - for But you u s u a lly St re s s h a v e / ha s in n e g a tiv e s e n te n c e s an d


s h o r t a n s w e rs .
experience • • •
We haven t m et Jam 's husband.
• •
Yes, they nave.
• • »
No, she hasn't
MEANING You o fte n sa y been a s / b i n /
You c a n u s e th e p re s e n t p e rfe c t to t a lk a b o u t e x p e rie n c e s up to
n o w . fro m p a s t io p re s e n t. PRACTICE
I Ve seen atl Almodovar's films. 1 a C o m p le te th e s e s e n te n c e s w ith th e v e r b s in b r a c k e ts in
Oh realty? I haven't seen any o f them. th e p r e s e n t p e rfe c t o r p a s t s im p le .

D o n 't u s e th e p re s e n t p e rfe c t w ith fin is h e d tim e s in th e pa st. 1 a H a ve you e v e r been to In d ia ^

•' v t Sten to Tokyo lour yedrzr-agv. i went to Tokyo four years ago 9 Yes, I vrent th e r e in 2 0 0 6 . 1g o ]
I'W s w * Ja n e la*! week. I saw Jane la st week. 2 a H a ve you a n y B ra z ilia n film s ?
s Yes, I've City o f God- Is e e l
You c a n u s e e v e r in q u e s tio n s a n d n e g a tiv e s E v e r m e a n s ‘ in 3 a H a v e you e ve r a n y th in g c re a tiv e ?
m y / y o u r w h o le life ' s W e ll. I s o m e s h o r t s to n e s a fe w y e a rs a g o .
Have you e v e r beer to Japan 7 (w rite )
J haven't ewer been to Germany. U l H a v e you a n y c o m p u te r c o u rs e s 7
b Yes, I o n e o n v /e b d e s ig n w h e n I w a s a
s tu d e n t. Id o l
& k W h a t la n g u a g e s ha ve you
& W e ll, I E n g lis h a n d G e rm a n a t s c h o o l, (stu d y)
d k H a ve you e v e r a p o litic ia n 7
s Y e s .f m y lo c a l p o litic ia n Last year, (m e e tl

b A s k th e q u e s tio n s a n d g iv e y o u r o w i a n s w e rs .
Present perfect 2 - with for and
since Nouns with prepositional phrases
MEANING MEANING
E » You say I've worked here since 2008 not hnerk we* You can use prepositional phrases to give extra nformation
ZUl/u. about nouns.
You can also use the present perfect to talk about situations Let's go to the nesfauranf. Which restaurant? The restaurant in
which began in the past and continue in the present, the town centre.
fve lived here for ten years I'd like the sated. Which salad7 The sated .nth blue cheese
I haven't eater since breakfast Can you give me my book? Which boo l:? The book or> the table.

Be caref ul not to confuse for and ago. For is used w ith the FORM
present perfect and ago with the past simple.
P re p o s itio n a l p h ra s e s ca n 9 0 a f t e r a lo a n .
Janet joined tt>e arm y three years ago.
noun prepositional phrase
Margaret has studied music for three years.
Let's go to the restanrant in the town tentre
FORM AND PRONUNCIATION Adjectives usually go before a noun.
Be careful when you pronounce since s in t adjective noun
Also see Present perfect 1 on p!33. Lets go to the Italian restaurant.
You can use adjectives and prepositional phrases together
PRACTICE adjective nour. prepositional phrase
1 a Add for or sir :: to these sente nces. Let's go to the Italian restaurant in the town centre.
since prepositional phrase
1 My parents have lived i n the same bouse /\ they got next to the cinema.
married.
2 My m u m s ^ a d th e s a m e h a ir s ty le a b o u t fifte e n years. PRONUNCIATION
3 I’ve had the same computer five years.
You usually stress the nouns, not the prepositions.
A T h e r« h a e n t b e e n a n y s n o w in m y c o u n try 2 0 0 8
• • •
5 l ye known my best friend school. The restaurant in the town centre.
6 M y b r o th e r s w o r k e d a t th e s a m e c o m p a n y h e le ft The salad with blue cheese.
university. • ■
The book on the table.
b Make the sentences true fo r you Then compare with
a partner. You usually say ttie prepositions of. for and to as /av/. /fa / and
/to / in sentences.
2 Complete the sentences w ith the verbs >n brackets in
the present perfect, present simple or past simple. PRACTICE
1 Lui s (havel that ca r since he was 18. 1 Complete the sentences with from, in, on o r with.
2 Pierre Itakel his driving test a week ago. 1 C h u rra sco is grilled meat with salt and garlic.
3 They o fte n ___________ (go! to work by tube, 2 This is Rajieev. mySnend work.
4 I Iwantl to work in advertising for a 3 Let's go to the coffee s h o p ______the corner
■long time. L I u s u a lly h a v e m y t e a m ilk .
5 Craig (work) here since 2001 5 The food that supermarket is cheap
6 W e ____________Imeetl when I was studying to 6 Thecirä blonde hair is my sister
b e c o m e a d o c to r 7 Do ycu know the man . the grey suit7
8 He has a hou se a small garden.
9 T h e h o te l th e h i l l has a g re a t v ie w .
10 The m arket______ the town centre is good for
fr e s h f r u it.

2 a P u t th e w o rd s in o r d e r t o m a k e s e n te n c e s .

1 in re d w in e s a u c e / s o u n d s n ic e / S t e a k
Steak in red Wi n? sauce sounds nice.
2 with potatoes / is / Grilled salmon / my favourite dish .
3 today / 1he cheese plate / Do you have / with frui t
bread ?
L tomato / is / The soup of the day / with basil
5 fre s h fr u it s a la d J I'd ti ke th e / f o r d e s s e rt, p le a s e /
with cream .
6 with m ilk and sugar / please / two coffees / Can we
have ?
b What do you think of the dishes and drinks in 2a‘J Would
you order them in a restaurant?
G ra m m a r r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

4 FORM

//a s / were * -ing


The conjunction as
W h a t w e re you d o in g a t 0 W ere y o u d r iv in g h o m e
MEANING 6 .0 0 p m y e s te rd a y ? w hen 1 c a lle d ?

• J 3 » You c a n u se a s to L in k tw o s e p a ra te s e n te n c e s . G ! w a s m a k ir g th e d in n e r. O Yes. 1 w as.


O I v /a s n t w a tc h -n g TV. No, 1w a s n 't.
You ca n u s e a s w ti'e n y o u w a n t to t a l k a b o u t a c tio n s o r
s itu a tio n s t h a t h a p p e n a t th e s a m e tim e . Remember;
As Melissa w a s driving down Broadway, the Canadian man I / he / s h e / i t w as
stopped her you / w e / th e y w e re
A s h a s th e s a m e m e a n s n g a s w h ile .
PRONUNCIATION
While Anna was s itin g a t the sable, Lucas arrived.
In p o s itiv e s c n tc n c e s a n d q u e s tio n s , y o u d o n 't u s u a lly s tre s s
FORM w a s a n d w e re . We s a y A v W a n d J w o /.

A s a n d w h ile a re o fte n u s e d w it h th e p a s t p ro g re s s iv e . In n e g a tiv e s e n te n c e s a n d s h o r t a n s w e rs , y o u u s u a lly s tr e s s


w a s a n d w e re We sa y A v d z / a n d / w j :/.
You u s u a lly u s e a s a n d w h ile tc in tr o d u c e th e m a in a c tio n o f a ■ m • »
s e n te n c e w h ic h s ta rte d b e fo re th e s h o r t e r e v e n t. T h e s h o r te r
Who was Making the dinner? I was making the dinner,
« ■ •
e v e n t is in th e p a s t s im p le You weren't making the dinner.
As he was running, a $10 b ill fe ll out of it is pocket.
Yes. I was.
You c a n c h a n g e th e o r d e r o f th e s e n te n c e w ith o u t c h a n g in g
th e m e a n in g PRACTICE
As they were having a barbecue in the garden, it began to rain. 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in
It began to raw a s '.hey were having a barbecue m the garden. the past progressive.

PRACTICE ? We first met Jim and Esin when we were, travelling


in Turkey. Itravell
1 Join the sentences with a s . Use the past progressive ? W hat you when I called you7 I here
a n d th e p a s t s im p le .
was no answer. Idol
1 N ic o la d id th e s h o p p in g . N ic o la m e t Tony, 2 I t when I left my flat this morning, Nsw it's hot
2 D a n s to o d o u ts id e t h e te r m in a l. H is fr ie n d a r riv e d to and sgnny.lrain)
p ic k h im up. 4 My brother the computer so I used it to check
3 I h a d te a w ith m y b ro th e r, H is g ir lf r ie n d p h o n e d . my email, not use]
4 A s tr id w e m u p th e s ta ir s . A s tr id h e a rd h e r s o n s h o u t. 5 "Wh ere's Een?" “H e in the garden about an
5 P h il w a s h e d u p . M a rth a w a tc h e d th e fo o tb a ll. hour ago. " Iplayl
6 S h a ro n re a d th e m a p . L e s le y d ro v e . 6 I saw an accident when I _ to w ork this .morning.
(drivel
7 Pedro _ his homework when you saw
Past progressive him? (do)
8 I went borne at about two o'clock yesterday, I __
MEANING well, (not (tel)
Y ou can u s e th e p a s t p ro g re s s iv e to ta lk a b o u t a n a c tio n th a t 2 (£irci$>the best verb form in each sentence.
w a s in p r o g re s s a t a tim e in th e pa st
1 K^yer»^)/ was going to bed at two in the morning but ..
f started making the dinner at 5.30 pm. 2 „ Icouldn' . sleep. My neighbours had/.were.haying a
At £>.00 pm i was making the dinner, (p o in t in tim e = 6 .00 p m ) party.
The dinner was ready at 7.00 pm 3 Sorry, can yau say that again? I dicn't listen / wasn't
listening.
I teft work at 4 00 pm.
L When i was younger, my family lived / was living in
When you phoned me. I was driving home. (p o in t in tim e = w h e n
Berlin for three years
you phoned m e |
5 The fami ly Had / were haying lunch when the police
I got home a t 4.20 pm
arrived / were arriving.
6 The last time I saw / was.seeing Joanna, she lived /,
6 .0 0 p m y ou p h o n e d m e N OW
was living in Paris
7 I first met / was meeting my husband when I stood /
was standing at a bus stop.
m a k in g th e d in n e r d r jy in g h o m e 8 We worked / were working abroad when we had /
were having 3ur first child.
C o m p a re ih e p a s t s im p le a n d th e p a s t p ro g re s s iv e :
! made the dinner yesterday, (ta lk in g a b o u t a fin is h e d a c tio n )
At 6.00pm yesterday, t tvds m aking the dinner, (s a y in g an a c tio n
w a s <n p ro g re s s a t e tim e in th e p a s tl

When shephaned me. J drove heme. (S h e p h o n e d m e . a n d th e n


I d ro v e h o m e . I
W hen she phoned me. I was driving home. (S h e p h o n e d m e in
th e m id d le of m y jo u rn e y h o m e .)

135


Gra

5 PRACTICE
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of c a n or
have to, can have tc, pcsrtiye o r negative.
1 Is th e re a ca sh m ach in e n e a r h e re? I have to get
MEANING
some money.
Use have to lo say that something is necessary I now. in the 2 Can I make myself a cup of coffee?* "Of course you
future or in gene rat |. can. You ask."
Sorry, but I have to go now. My taxis waiting (or me. Inowl 3 W h e re I liv e , y o u _ b u y a n y th in g a f t e r 5 .0 0 p m .
I have to get up ar five o'clock tomorrowmormng My train leaves A41 th e sh o p s a re c lo s e d .
at ten past six. |in th e fu tu re ) i* Carlo's not coming lo work this morning. He
On a normal wotxmg day I have to be at the office before nine- go to the doctor’s.
thirty. (in gc-nerall 5 O K, I can h e a r y o u ! You s h o u t!
E » You s a y They don't have to mske groups o f fivupeople no! 6 P eop le think P o u n d 's a cold country, but w in iiiie rs in-
Thejrh&nzn ‘r to rr'skc g roups-» f -five pe&p!r*. Poland b e really h o l.
7 Our company likes its employees to dress smartly. You
Use don’ t / doesn't have to to say something is not necessary. W ear je a n s , a n d m e n _ w e a r a tie .
Please start eating, you don't have io wait forme 8 Sorry, I______meet you for lunch tomorrow, I
Use Do / Does with have to to ask questions go to work.
Do we have to wnte the essay for tomorrow? 2 a Put the words in order to make questions.
Use can io say that something is possible (now. in the future or 1 do / gel up / have to / on / a typical day / What time /
in generali you ?
You d l ) use my phone if you vsant. I now) What time do you have to get up on a Cypicaf day?
We can meet again next weekend if you have time. (;n the future) 2 Can f manage / online / yo u / y o u r / b a n k a c c o u n t 7
You can pay your phone bill at the pest offtce or on the Internet. 3 a t w e e k e n d s / d o / h a v e to / H o w o fte n / w o r k o r
I in general) s tu d y / you 7
I ch ild r e n / in y o u r c o u n tr y / d o / go / h a v e to / H o w
Use can i to say something is not possible.
m a n y y e a rs / to s c h o o l 7
f 'd to buy a fist but I can t get a loan from the bank.
5 join / pecpLe / in your country / Dan ) thp arm y /
FORM when / t hey're 16 ?
6 Do / English / ever / have to / for / your w ork or
I. you, we. they he. she. it s t u d ie s / u s e / y o u ?
7 do / tfo / nave to / tomorrow / Wha I things / you ?
ö 1have to go now. Alain has to get up early 8 go / students/in your country/to university /w ith o u t
tomorrow. paying / Can 7
0 1don't have to go Rebecca doesn't have to get up
until ten. until nine. b Discuss thequestionSr
0 Do you have lo go so Does Rebecca have to work
soon? tomorrow?
6 Yes. I do. Yes. she does.
0 No, 1don’t. No. she doesn't.

I. you. he. she. it. we. they

Ö You can. get married when you're 18.


Q You can’t get married when you're 16.
0 Can you get married when you're 16?
Of Yes, you can.
O No. youcan'i.

PRONUNCIATION
You usually stress have / has but not to. Have to and has to are
often p ro n o u n c e d /’ha efto /an d / ‘ haista/.
I ha'/e to go.

You don’t usually stress can in positive sentences anti


questions. You say /kan/-
• t * m
You can use my phone. Can you smoke when you re sixteen ?
You usually stress can in negative sentences and short
a n s w e r s . Y o u say/ke e n / a n d /ka:ul/.
• •
Yes. you can. A ato/
Vo*u can't dnve when you're fourteen. No, you can t. / k a m t /
r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

6 PRONUNCIATION
You usually stress more and adjectives. You don't stress than
Comparing things and - er You say /dan/ and h i .
• * • • > • •
MEANING This camera's more expensive than my old one
• 5 a « a •
It's harder working a! home than in an office.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
You usually stress mosl and adjectives You dcn‘t stress the

rare
□ & -c
J U rc
J m
Q and -est. You say /da/ and /ist/.
• a •


• •
Tnrs is the most comfortable room in my fldL
am

i m the tallest rn my family.


omparatives But when the is in front of a word starting with a vowel, we
londay was sunnier than Tuesday. pronounce it with an '1:/
hursdoy's weather was much cooler than Monday s. to h tJ
uperlatives the eartiesl the oldest
on day's-weather was 'tie hottest and sunniest, You don't usually stress as. You say /ttJ .
lursday's was the coldest and wettest. • • » • •
I d o n 't th in k y o u ’re a s ta ll a s m e .
«... as
lesday was as warm as Wednesday PRACTICE
ie$<Jay wasn’t as warm as Monday. 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
adjectives.
ORM
1 It's much wetter (wet I in the north of t.t»e country than
•pellmg rules adjective comparative superlative m ihe south.
2 He’s (relaxed) person I know.
nost one- fast faster the fastest 3 Amie is much lhappyl now than she was.
yllable U Jaynieisas Igood! a t her job ac M a tt 15.
djectives 5 He’s much (energetic! than I am.
6 That's the (badl meal I've ever had here.
ne-syllable big bigger the biggest
7 This report isn't «s Interesting) as the last one.
djectives
8 Is thfs the [good! hotel you could find?
nding in one
lo r t vowel +• 2 Put the words in order to make sentences.
consonant 1 the / Running the marathon / is / difficult thing / I’ve
ost two- careful ever done / most
more careful the most
•llabie careful 2 ch e e rfu l/ when 1Is s u n n y /I’m u su a lly/m o re .
Ijectives 3 getting a taxi / Getting a bus / is / e a s y / a s / a s .
6 fro z e n v e g e ta b le s / g o o d X I Ih in k / as / f re sh o n e s /
•o-syllabJe happy happier the a re / a s .
jectives happiest 5 intfillrgent f person I know / My brother; mosl J is I
ding in - * th e .
6 -worst / way to travel / Organised holidays / the / are
jectives comfortable more the (Tsdst 7 to get fit / than / Doing exercise / a healthier way / is /
:h three comfortable comfortable d ie tin g .
lables or 8 a s /la st summer / isn't /T h is su m m e r/ nice /a s
sre
. _
e common irregular comparatives and superlatives are
* > better > the best
• worse > the worst
further > the furthest

13?
FMEANING
m m a r r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

would rather
You c a n u se both m ight and may to s a y you 're not su re ab o u t
so m eth in g .
a 5/73« we have 3 barbecue tomorrow 7
e I’m not sure. It m ight/m ay rain, (future)
E» You sa y I'd ra th e r have a n ic e r p ool th a n a sauna not
a Wheres Irina 7
b I (ton t know. $ne m ig h t / m a y be m a m eeting. |now)

Would ra th e r m ean s th e s a m e a s would p re fer a Where's Lagos?


s I don t know. I think it might /m a y be in Nigeria, lin genera II
It ’s freezing cold end now tt s begun to snow. I d rath er stay at home
Haley loves sno'.vy weather, she d p re fe r to go fo r a walk. May is a little m ore fo rm al th an m igh t. May is m o re com m on
in fo rm al kinds of w riting, but m ight is m ore co m m on in
everyday sp e ech .
You ca n n o t u se ra th e r and p re fe r toqeth er.
T h ere is an im portant d ifferen ce betw een m ight / m ay and ca
flf»m pmhpr wmii H ra th n r is follow ed b y a ^ infinMive w ithout to-. The su p e rm a rke t m ig h t I m ay be crow ded an Saturday. (I’m not
Dan loves running bu t John w o u ld r a th e r go sw im m ing. s u re if it will be crowded on Saturday.)
The s u p e rm a rke t can be crow ded on Saturday. (I'm s u re it ts
Would p re fe r is follow ed by an infinitive m ih to.
sometimes crowded on Saturday.)
'W ouldyou lik e to com e bow ling w ith m e ? ' 'N o thanks. I'd p re fe r
lo go to th e fitness c e n tre ." FORM
You u su ally co n tra ct would I d\ wi?h s u b je c t pronouns w hen will J m ight / may * infinitive w ithout to
you 're sp e a k in g and in inform al w riting
0 e 0 6 /0

PRONUNCIATION I t 'll/ w ill It w a n t / w ilt W ill it rain? Yes. it w ilt.


In B ritish E nglish you p ro n o u n ce r a t h e r /ra sta /. rain. no t rain. Mo, it w on't. '
i t m ig h t rain. It m ig h t not - It mfght.
In A m erican E nglish you pro no u n ce r a th e r / r a d .» / .
ram. It m ig h t not.
It m ay raw . It may n o t - It may.
PRACTICE
rain. It may n o t
1 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e c o r r e c t form of th e
verbs in brackets.
PRONUNCIATION
1 I’d pre fe r llivel in the country
2 She d father (meet up with] B ill tomorrow. You usually contract w ill like this: 'It /a V and w on 't /w a u n lt )/.
3 I c a n 't understand why they'd p r e f e r fhave)
You don't usually stress w ill / might / may
dinner at home.
L We could rent a car if you d rather (drive) to W ill A m y pass he * exam next week? I think she 11 fr y her best.
m • ft
Oxford They m ig h t cancel the party.
5 They'd probably p re fe r__ (sleep ! w hen they
arrive- But you s t r e s s WDn't, not and sh o rt an sw ers.
6 What W 3uld you rather (do): w atch TV o r go to
• • • • •
She w on't pass. She m ight not pass. She might.
the cinema?
PRACTICE
1 Complete the sentences with w ill or might in the
positive or negative.

will, might, may 1 a What are you doing tonight?


5 N o th in g . I'm r e a lly tir e d so I H L ju s t s ta y in .
MEANING 2 a Where are you going?
b Sorry, I just have to go to the bank. I be long.
You can u s e w ill to s a y you a re su re ab o u t so m eth in g in th e
3 a A re f^ e n n y a n d A le x he re y e t?
future.
b No. they said they be late. It depends on the
In 2050, 70% of people around the world w ill lire in cities. Ifuturel
tra ffic .
But you c a n aLsc u se will to talk abou t now. or abou t th in g s in 4 a Will you finish painting the k tchen today?
gen eral. b No. I'm tired. I probably do it in the morning.
a S h a ll I phone Inna? 5 a W h y is n ’ t J a c o b a t w o r k to d a y 7
a No, call her later. She It be at work now. Inowl b I don't know. He hasn't called. He be ill.
6 a D o you k n o w w h e r e A h m e d 15?
I work with a reaify good team. It you have a problem, they'll
b Yes, h i be in the cafe next door. He always
always try to help, (in general)
has lunch there.
You can u s e wilt w ith o th e r w ords to show that you a re m o re or 7 a S h a ll i g ive L u c y a c a ll?
le s s su re. a OK. b u tca llh e ro n h e rm o b iie . She _ beat
' ■> Brazil will definitely win the next World Cup. home until cix.
*-*■ Brazil w ill win, 8 a Can we meet again tomorrow?
* Brazil will probably win. b I'm net sure. I'm pretty busy tomorrow so I
7 Maybe I Perhaps Brazil wi(I win. be able to see you.
Gi amrn; re fe re n c e a n d p r a c tic e

Real conditionals 8
MEANING some and any
You can us« re al conditionals to do a lot of different things.
For example: MEANING
I f y o u w a n t to v/si t th is c o u n try , y o u have to g e t a visa. You use some and any with plural nouns when you don't need
(giving informationl to say exactly how many.
If you re interest Bd in hälfet, you must see Cartes Acosta. / need to buy some apples. 1= more than one apple!
'recommending something! I don 't need to buy any apples. (= more thar one apple!
If you re not feeling well, you can go heme. I'd like an apple, please. (= one apple i
(g iv in g p e rm is s io n ! I don't like apples. 1= apples in general)
If you ve worked here for rive years, you should as k for a pay rise.
You also u s e sonne and any w ith u n c o u i iL»i>le n o u n s w h e n you
Igcving advice / your opinion?
say e x a c tly hov^ m u c h
d o n 't n e e d to
I l i I see Jeff tomorrow. 111 give- him your phone number.
We have to get some milk.
(making a promise!
Can you give me sotfe help?
In all these sentences, the speaker feels that Ihe situation in We haven t go r any ten.
Ihe if part of the sentence {If you want [q visit this country... , Do you need any help?
l« tc .l is real or possible.

CORM You usually use some «n positive sentences and any in. negative
ditional sentences have two parts: sentences
I'd like some coffee, please.
I-clause main clause
Sorry,, we den t have any ceffee.
fit rains tomorrow, w e'tlstayat home.
In questions we often use any.
i can reverse the two parts. In this case you don t usually
Do you have any milk?
ite a comma (.).
But you use Some in questions when you e»pect The answer
arn Clause //-clause
"yes . or when yg-i/d like the ömbwer to be 'yes"
t'il stay home if Hiding tomorrow.
Would you tike some milk? (= an offer)
PRONUNCIATION Can I have some m ilk? 1= a request?

■The pronunciation of real conditionals is the same as in other PRONUNCIATION


■sentences. For example, we usually stress verbs and nouns
You don't usually stress some and any. You usually say some
■ t - jt nor modal verbs o r prepositions.
I with a schwa Isl/sonv1.
■ r t f raws tomorrow, w e ll stay at f)ome.
f d like some coffee.
PRACTICE B ui at the end of a sentence you stress some ana any. You say
jl (Circ(e)the correct form of the verb. h.wnJ and / ‘eni:/.
• • • > !
1 Can you give me your mobile number? I call I ha ve some, f don t nave any.
you if Iffieedy It need some help.
Don't worry if I ‘ m / U be late home tonight. I've get PRACTICE
loads of work at the office. Complete the sentences Wilh so-me or any and one of
You've worked really hard. I 11 be / m very surprised if these words.
you don't / won't pass the exam.
If you come / 'U come to Säo Paulo again, you come / cash emails hotels information awHr
must come and see us. old friends rc e help
If you re / ’U be interested rn antiques, you Love / U
love this museum. Is black coffee OK? I'm afraid we don't haver any milk
If there s / 'li be 3 lot of traffic tom orrow . we leave / I'm really sorry. I didn't buy ___ . Can we have pasta7
11 leave home early. Is there a bark near here? Ineed to get
If you g o / *11go to the shops later, do / w jllyou get me I spent last weekend w ith ___ . VYe had a great
a paper ? time.
You leave / should leave now if you d o n 't/ won't want Can you help me7 I'd like _ abcut flights to Paris
to be late. I'm looking for somewhere to stay in the city. Do you
know near here?
I haven't written to my friends for a while. I really
need la write _
8 I don t need _ with my suitcase, thanks.
$ |r d ^ th e best word in the question«;
1 Do you have some / any brothers o r sisters?
2 Have you done some / any exercise th is w e e k ?
3 Could I have s:m e / any ora nge juice, p lease?
u Do you speak some / any foreign languages?
5 Can you give me some / any time to th in k aDau:
6 Can I have some / any more paper, please“5

13«
ivnmar r e f e r e n c e a n d p ra c ti

Passives PR A C T IC E
1 P u t th e w o rd s in o r d e r t o m a k e p a s s iv e s e n te n c e s .
MEANING 1 a go J this b ill / sent / two weeks / was .
C o m p a re These s e n te n c e s : 2 in / the 3reas Wall of China / the 6th century BC /
Alessandro Volta invented the electnc battery fa 1800. started i w a s .
lactive) 3 are / these offices / every morning / cleaned ?
In this sentence, the w riter is most i nterested jn Alessandro U invented / Alexander Bell / the telephone / b y / was.
Volta. The sentence could be from an article about Volta's life. 5 lost J m y S is te r's / b o o k s / in th e p o s t / w e re .
6 radium t Maria Sktodowska-Curie / discovered / was /
The electnc battery w a s invented in 1800
by.
I passive I
7 iw o th ir d s / w it h w a t e r / co ve re d I o f th e E a rth / is .
In this sentence, the w riter is most interested in the electric
8 John F. Kennedy/killed / in D a lla s /w a s /in 1?63 .
battery. The sentence could be from an article about the
history of the battery 2 Complete the sentences with the active 0 r p assive,
present orpast. Use these verbs.
You c a n u s e b y to s a y w h o d o e s / d id th e a c tio n in a p a s s iv e
sentence. Duild gi-vc include drink
The e J e c tric b a tte ry w a s in v e n te d b y A le s s a n d ro ViQl(a if? 18QQ.
1 a This house by my grandparents,
But often you don't use by because you don't know who did the b My g randparents th is house.
action, or it s no: important. 2 a Where I live, the rent gas and electricity
Two h u n d re d b ik e s a r e s to le n in t h i s n t y e v e ry w eek.
b Where I live, gas and electricity in the rent.
D id you hear ? Mike was ottered a job yesterday. 3 a This necklace tome by* my husband
b My husband me this necklace.
FORM
L 3 Abou: a bitlion cans of Coca -Cola every day
You always make passives with be * past participle. b People about a billion cans of Coca-Cola
every day.
Present simple passive Past simple passive
a m /is/a re -*-p a st participle W a s / w e r e +- p a s t p a r tic ip le

Ö T h e y ’ ro m a d e o f g la s s . It w a s in v e n te d in 1020.
O They aren't made o f It w a s n 't in v e n te d in the
p la s tic . 1 8 th c e n tu ry .
Ö A rethey made of Was it invented in the 19th
glass? century?
& Yes.t hey a re . Yes, it w a s .
O No. they a r e n 't. No. it w a s n 't.

PRONUNCIATION
You usually stress the past participle.
You don't usually stress be in positive sentences and questions.
• ■? * •
i t w as m a d e in Cfitna. W as i t m a d e in Chrna?

But you usually stress be in negative sentences and short


answers.
ft v/asn t ma de in China. Yes, it was.
2 M a ke q u e s tio n s w ith th e p re s e n t p e rfe c t.

1 T h e In te rn e t's no t w o rk in g .

Present perfect 3 - giving news 2


w e / pay / th e la s t b ill? Have we p a id the la s t b ill?
I th o u g h t w e co u ld go to S te fa n 's p a rty to g e th e r,
you / d e c id e / to go?
3 T h a t le tte r fro m th e b a n k m ig h t be im p o rta n t,
You can use th e p re s e n t p e rfe c t to ta lk a b o u t a c tio n s w h ic h :
yo u / o p en / it?
- a re in th e pa st a n d fin is h e d , bu t
4 I keep c a llin g you b u t th e re 's no an sw e r,
- have a re s u lt in th e p re s e n t.
yo u / ch a n g e / y o u r ph o n e n u m b e r?
I've p a s s e d m y d riv in g test, (p re s e n t re s u lt = n o w I have a
5 Do you k n o w w h e re F e rn a n d a is?
d riv in g lic e n c e .)
a n y o n e / see / h e r today?
She's lo s t h e r keys, (p re s e n t re s u lt = n o w s he d o e s n 't have h e r
6 M s W ild e n w a n ts th a t re p o rt th is a fte rn o o n ,
keys.)
th e m a rk e tin g te a m / fin is h / it?
They've m o v e d hom e, (p re s e n t re s u lt = n o w th e y ’ re lo o k in g fo r
7 Y o u r p a r e n ts 'll be h e re in h a lf an h o u r!
a n e w ho m e.)
you / s ta r t / m a k in g th e d in n e r?
You can use th e p re s e n t p e rfe c t in th is w a y to give n e w s . 8 I s e n t S h e lle y 's b irth d a y p re s e n t tw o w e e k s ago.
Have y ou h e ard? H o w a rd and Jota have h a d a baby! s h e / re ce ive it?
G erm an y have won the W orld Cup.
3 C o m p le te th e s e s e n te n c e s w ith be en o r go ne.
There's been an e a rth q u a k e in the n o rth .
1 D o n n a 's to see h e r g ra n d m o th e r. S h e 'll be
N o te : s p e a k e rs o f A m e ric a n E n g lis h o fte n u s e th e p a s t s im p le b a c k on Friday.
fo r g iv in g new s. 2 I'm s o r ry I d id n 't c a ll you . I'v e on h o lid a y fo r
I lo s t Jan e's keys. a w eek.
D id you h e a r? H ow a rd and Jota had a baby! 3 W e 'v e to th a t ne w re s ta u ra n t a c o u p le of
tim e s . It's g re a t.
R e m e m b e r th a ty o u use th e p a st s im p le , n o t th e p re s e n t
4 I d o n ’t b e lie ve it! My c a r 's ! I c a n 't see it
p e rfe c t, if you say w h e n s o m e th in g h a p p e n e d .
a n y w h e re .
H o w a rd and Jola h a d a baby y e s te rd a y ! have had
There w as an e a rth q u a k e in the n o rth th is m o rn in g . T h e re ’s been

W ith go th e re are tw o fo rm s o f th e p re s e n t p e rfe c t. T h e y have


d iffe re n t m e a n in g s .
S orry, R achel is n 't here. She's gone to the d e n tis t. (She w e n t to
th e d e n tis t and no w she is n 't here.)
I'm s o rry I'm late. I've been to the d e n tis t. (I w e n t to th e d e n tis t
and c a m e back.)

See U n it 2 P re s e n t p e rfe c t 1 on p133.

PRONUNCIATION
See U n it 2 P re s e n t p e rfe c t 1 on p i 33.

1 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e s e v e rb s in th e p re s e n t
p e rfe c t.

iff" fa il leave die m ake w r ite see w in

1 A h, v o u Ve done th e w a s h in g up . T h a n k s v e ry m u c h .
2 C o n g ra tu la tio n s ! Y o u ________a tw o -w e e k h o lid a y in
Kyoto.
; 3 J itk a 's a b it sad today. H e r c a t _______ju s t
4 H appy b irth d a y ! W e _______ you a cake .
5 I c a n 't fin d m y keys. I'm s u re I _______th e m to d a y, b u t
I d o n 't k n o w w h e re !
6 Oh no! I _ _ _ _ _ m y e c o n o m ic s exa m . I 'l l have to do it
a g a in in J a n u a ry .
7 T he p o lic e a re lo o k in g fo r G reg, b u t I th in k h e _
th e c o u n try .
8 I a b o u t 40 e m a ils today. I n e v e r w a n t to see a
c o m p u te r a g a in !
10 Future plans and arrangements
Does it have... P MEANING
be going to and the present progressive
MEANING You can use be going to to talk about people’s personal ideas
:X D ^ You say Does the hotel have a swimming pool7 not H» - and plans for the future
in * :h otel a sw im m ing poM? I'm going to haw a day off tomorrow.
You use have to express possession, relationships and states. He s going io start his own company next year.
L e o n a rd o h a s a ro o m /n th e h o te l f o r th re e n ig h ts . You can use the present progressive to talk about future
Jose doesn't have any family in Kuala Lumpur. arrangements that have been made with othor people or with
Do you have a problem? You look worried. organisations (companies, schools, airlines, clubs . I
I'm meeting Leonardo Barreiros at 2.0Gpm tomorrow afternoon.
H a v e is a ls o use d to e x p re s s a c tio n s
We re going to Greece in May
Do you haven rest after lunch? Hare you 9 restafter lunch 0
Eduardo doesn't have a swim every morning. Sometimes the difference between b t yuing to and Um pr «sera
progressive is important.
You c a n u s e have to m e a n e a t, d r in k , e n jo y .
Did Min Atig hare lunch at Me hotel?
I'm getting mar'ied next week, lit s an arrangement with
Carmen didn t have coffee for breakfast
someone else)
They alt had a good time at the office party.
But often the d fference is very small.
FORM I'm going to visit my sister next month, (it s my plan ...)
Use the auxiliary verb do w ith have in questions and negatr/e I'm visiting my sister next month. (... and I've arranged it with
te r m s . my sister)

In short answers you only repeat the auxiliary verb. do. I Ü » You say What are you doing on fnday evening? not Whot
“ Do you have change of a £50ff note?" 'No. I'm afraid I d o n 't' do yctrdo cn Frro&y ereft>ng'1
present simple
When have refers to possession, relationships and states, you
You use the present simple for fixed events in the future
can use have got.
timetables I bus. train, etc.) and schedules (fliqhts. classes. etcL
Leonardo has got & room in the hutci lor three nights
My flight leaves at 3.65 tomorrow afternoon.
Jose hasn't got any family in Kuala Lumpur.
Tonight's class s ta r ts a t 7.00 and ends al 8.30.
Have you got a problem? You took worried
am l i s t are
For questions with have got, don t repeat got in the short answer You can also ta k about the future in simple sentences with
Have you got sny appointments today?" Tes. / have. ‘ am / is / are and:
Have got is not often used in the past. - adjectives like free, busy. home, away. back, Im away next week
D id y o u have any tim e to go s ig h ts e e in g ? H ad y m s g o t a n y ttm e to - expressions with in, an. at. etc. I’m at a conference
go ttgbiseetns? You usually use time expressions with aLl the above forms.
Do not use have got in progressive forms. For example: tomorrow afternoon, at 7.00, next m onth...

PRONUNCIATION FORM
You s a y h a v e as /haev/ in th e s tro n g fo r m a n d /h a v / o r o v / in be going to
th e w e a k fo rm U se b e g o in g to w it h th e in fin itiv e .

M a k e s u r e y o u p u t y o u r to p te e th o n y o u r b o tto m lip f o r th e •x t 0 A re y o u g o in g t o se e h e r O 1 m g o in g to s e e h e r o n
in h a v e : d o n o t s a y it as a /tv . a g a in 7 m y n e r t t r ip to M a la y s ia .

Ö res, i Ö I m n o t g o in g to s e e h e r
PRACTICE th is m o n th .
G M o. I'm n o l.
1 C o r r e c t th e m is ta k e in e a c h s e n te n c e .
Present progressive, the present simple
1 Have you got a shower o r a bath in the mornings'5 See U n it 1 P re s e n t s im p le , p a s t s im p le , p r e s e n t p r o g r e s s iv e
2 " H a s C a ro lin a g o t a fla t in L o n d o n ? " "Yes, s h e h a s on p!32
g o t."
3 J o s e d o e sn 't have g ot m uch sp a re tim e. PRONUNCIATION
4 Had you got any p roblems with you r p assport? be g o in g to
5 Did you have got air conditioning in your hotel? You usually stress going and th e in fin itiv e . You say t o w :th a
6 H a s th e c a fe w i- f i a c c e s s ?
schwa, M
i'm going to sees him with Leonardo on Saturday.
In negative sentences and short answers, you also stress be.
■ • » ■ • • •
We anen i going to ha ve a holiday this year.
a a a a
Yes. lem. Ibut notice: No. i'm nor I
In fast speech you often say going to without s t r e s s , a s /g ano;
« * *
We re gonna watch a film tonigtir.
Present progressive, present simple
See Unit 1. Present simple, past simple, present progressive
on p i32.
------------

G ra m m a r r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e
PRACTICE PRACTICE
1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. 1 Complete the conversations with would o r wouldn't.
Use be going to or the present simple. Use contractions where possible.
1 When your tr a in ? [arrivel 1 * I ^_lcve to apply fo rth a t new job in the IT
2 W h a t yo u _ _ th is , s u m m e r ’ Id a j department,
3 I my essay this weekend, (finish) s So. why don't you?
U I th in k th e Ia s i b u s _ 3t 11 .30 p m . [le a v e j a Well, 1don't think the boss _ be very happy
5 We fr ie n d s o f o u rs in B o m b a y th is s u m m e r. about t. What you do?
(v is itl a I worry about the boss, Tf you want the job.
6 The meeting _ at 2.30 3s usuaL IstartJ go for t.
2 a We're thinking about moving to Hampden.
2 Complete the sentences with the present progressive -or
b Really7 I’ m surprised I want to be so far
the present simple. Use these verbs.
Trom the town centre.
go phone be away get h*v£ be in a Well. I've got a car
b Yeah, but you want to drpve everywhere'7
1 W e 're having a p a r ty f o r M a rg a re t n e x t W e d n e s d a y.
Tknow I ___
2 L to the hairdresser this afternoon at 3.00.
3 Wo _ a eat this weekend. The children are really 2 Complete the sentences with wou: i or wouldn't and one
excited of these verts.
A We _ from home next week.
be help invite look piay spend want
5 I h e r th is e v e n in g a ro u n d 6 .0 0.
6 I checked h»$. schedule. He _ Paris tomorrow. 1 1 d play football this weekend but I ve gat a problem
with my knee

11 2 If you’re busy tomorrow, we can meet another time.


I t _____ a problem.
3 I for a new flat but I'm working so hard I
would haven't got the time.
u I. __t< work in another country. AI I my family and
MEANING friends are here.
You can use would I'd) to talk about Situations which: 5 We _ Jutes and Rachel for dinner too. but we ve
- a re in She p re s e n t o r fu tu re . only got four chairs.
- you feel aren’t real or won't happen. 6 Maybe you should <get a flat in the centre Then you
I live in 3 small fl 3 t, Cul my dream home would have *3 big garden so much on transport.
and a swimming pool. 7 Why doin't you ask your parents fcr I he money? I'm
It woutdn t be difficult for me to find a new job. but I haven t got sure they you.
time to look for one.

FORM
Use would with the infinitive without to.
Ö it would have a big garden.
Q If wouldn't be in a big city
© Would it have a swimming pool*5
<5 Yes. it would.
O No. it wouldn't.

Contractions:
I d you'd he'd she'd it'd we'd Ihey d

PRONUNCIATION
You usually stress the infinitive. You don’t usually stress would
m positive sentences and questions.
• • • m
H o w iw u td you find a new job?
■ • • •
I'd have to move to a new city.
But you stress would in negative sentences and short answers.
• *
It wouldn 't be easy.
• i * ■
Yes. it would. No. it wouldn't

143
Vert) patterns
most, the most L e a n in g „änd f o r m
■You say I w a n t you to h e lp m e n o t / w a n t that-you h e lp m e .
W h e n you a s k /w a n t s o m e o n e to do s o m e th in g , use an o b je c t
© H G ^> You say M o st p e o p le use Ita lia n a n d L a tin n o t The-m o s t p ro n o u n o r a n o un and th e in fin itiv e w ith to. D o n 't use th a t.
pe ople-v s e Ita lia n and-L a tin .
The te a c h e rw a n ts the s tu d e n ts to p ra c tis e speaking.
M o s t m e a n s the m a jo rity o f o r a lm o s t a ll. M y g ra n d m o th e r w o u ld lik e m e to c a r ry h e r case.
M o s t p e o p le enjoy spe n d in g tim e w ith th e ir fam ily. C la ra ne e d e d h e r a s s is ta n t to book the m e e tin g room.
The p o lic e m a n to ld th e m to m ove the car.
W e u se th e m o s t in s u p e rla tiv e s to say m o re th a n a n y o n e o r
a n y th in g e lse. W h e n yo u a s k /w a n t s o m e o n e no t to do s o m e th in g , pu t n o t
W ho's g o t the m o s t m oney? b e fo re th e in fin itiv e w ith to .
The m o s t im p o rta n t w o rk s o f a r t are in the Vatican. M a rg a rita to ld m e n o t to open the window .
J o rd i's frie n d a ske d h im n o t to be late.

You d o n 't u se o f w h e n you u se m o s t b e fo re a n o u n . sPRACTICE


M o s t c h ild re n lik e sw e e ts an d cho colate. M o s t o f c h ild re n .... C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith an o b je c t p ro n o u n a n d th e
c o r re c t fo r m o f th e v e rb in b ra c k e ts .
If you u se a d e te rm in e r [th e, our, those, e tc.) b e fo re th e n o u n ,
use m o s t of. 1 R ena ta w o u ld lik e h im to a n s w e r (Lech W alesa /
The Vatican receives m o s t o f its m o n e y fro m C ath olics. a n s w e r) so m e q u e s tio n s .
2 L e ch W at§sa n e e d e d (th e w o rk e rs / s u p p o rt)
PRONUNCIATION h im .
3 H e le n t o l d (P a tric ia / n o t / fo rg e t] to b rin g a
You p ro n o u n c e m o s t /m a u s t/. D o n 't fo rg e t to s a y th e fin a l t.
ja c k e t.
You u s u a lly s tre s s m o s t and th e m o s t in s e n te n c e s 4 H e le n aske d . . (Jim and P at / he lp ) h e r in th e
o © o o k itc h e n .
M o st Ita lia n s like foo tb a ll.
© O O O © 5 P h ilip w a n ts . . (I / n o t / sp e n d ) any m o re m o ney.
P asta is the m o s t fam ous Ita lia n dish.

PRACTICE
1 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith m o s t o r th e m o s t.
o f m y frie n d s s p e a k E n g lis h .
It w a s _______ in te re s tin g film I've s ee n fo r a lo n g tim e . In fin itiv e s w ith to
S p a n is h p e o p le lik e g o in g to th e b e ach in You can use an in fin itiv e w ith to (to go, to have, etc.):
s u m m e r. 1 a fte r a d je c tiv e s
W h a t's _______ a m a z in g e x p e rie n c e y o u 'v e e v e r had? I'm h a ppy to say y o u ’ve p a ssed the test.
in te llig e n t s c ie n tis t of th e la s t c e n tu ry w a s A re you re a d y to go?
E in s te in . C o m m o n a d je c tiv e s w ith th e in fin itiv e : d iffic u lt, easy, fre e ,
h a rd , ready, lu n ja b le , sorry.

2 a ft e r s o m e v e rb s
I w a n t to go ho m e now.
W e've d e cid e d to m ove house.
S o m e c o m m o n v e rb s w ith th e in fin itiv e a re : agree, d e c id e ,
You say He was b o m in H a w a ii n o t ; hope, le a rn , need, o ffe r, p la n , p ro m ise , w ant, w o uld like.

You u se th e pa ssive v e rb be b o rn to ta lk a b o u t w h e n s o m e o n e G e ru n d s
o r s o m e th in g s ta rts to e xist. You can use g e ru n d s [going, having, etc.):
1 a ft e r p re p o s itio n s
N ow adays, m o s t o f the w o rld 's p o p u la tio n is b o rn in d e velopin g
You can s ta r t by doing som e lig h t exercises.
c o u n trie s .
You can le a rn a lo t fro m w a tch in g television.
W hen you ta lk a b o u t y o u r d a te o r p la c e o f b irth , you use th e
p a s t s im p le . 2 a fte r s o m e v e rb s
L a ura w as b o rn on 25th D ecem ber. I p ra c tis e d p la y in g the pian o every day w hen I was a kid.
Have you fin is h e d p a in tin g the w a ll y e t?
The tw in s w e re b o rn in B arcelona.
S o m e c o m m o n v e rb s w ith th e g e ru n d a re : c a n ’t stand,
d is lik e , d o n 't m in d , enjoy, fin ish , m iss, p ra c tis e , suggest.
PRACTICE
C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e c o r re c t fo r m o f be b o rn . You can use a d ic tio n a ry to c h e c k w h e th e r v e rb s are fo llo w e d
by an in fin itiv e w ith to o r a g e ru n d .
1 M a ny m u ltir a c ia l b a b ie s in big c itie s n o w a d a ys.
2 My p a r e n t s in th e 1920s.
3 P e d ro on 2 9 th F e b ru a ry 1984.
4 W h e n a baby . ., its b irth m u s t be re g is te re d .
PRONUNCIATION m » You say ! used to go to (he gym after work n ot H zsrttrgo
With infinitives. you usually stress the verb but not to. You can
say Co A a/. You can only use used to the past but not in the present-
• J • • |
I w a n t to g o h o m e now. To talk about habits in the present use the adverb usually and
the present simple.
With gerunds, you usually stress the first part of the verb but My friends usually come round at weekends. My friends vse-to
not -ing. round at wreeifflftt?:
You ca n le a rn 3 lo t fro m w a tc h in g te le v is io n . 1 usual ly do my homework on Sundays.

PRACTICE
FORM
1 ^»rclethe correct form, the gerund or infinitive with to.
used to /w o u iö - infinitive
1 I promise bei ng / to be on time tomorrow
2 You can memorise the words by repeating / to rep car 0 What did you j s o to do? 0 Whai would you do
them. O I used to play footbalL on Saturdays?
3 The police asked seeing / to see my passport. O I didn't use to play football. / O We d play footbalL
u I have to go to the dentist's gelling f to get my teeth I never used 10 play football. O We wouldn't play
checked. Inerer is often used as the football.
5 I really want passing f to pass my driving test. negative) Q Would you play
6 You should always get insurance before going / to go id Did you use tc play football? football?-
on holiday. G» Yes. 1drd. G Yes. 1woutd.
7 I can t stand driving / to drive to work when there s a 0 No. 1 didn't. O No. 1wouldn’t.
lot of traffic.
8 Are you ready going / to go?
PRONUNCIATION
2 a Complete the sentences with the correct form of Ihe
You usually stress used in used to. You d o i t normally stress
verbs in brackets, the gerund or the infinitive w ith to .
would in sentences.
1 Do you ever practise speaking (speakl English when • B •
you’re alone? I u s e d 10 p la y fo o tb a ll, [u s e d f o = / j u : s t . v l
Is it easy (find) a jub where you live at thie I'd p la y fo o tb a ll.
moment?
Have you ever though? about llearn) another In n e g a tiv e s e n te n c e s a n d s h o r t a n s w e rs , you s tre s s d id a n d

language? w o u ld .
» 1 < 1
What do- you do (relax) after work? I dtdo t use to play football.
Are you good a t Icookl? a • a

Do you think people learn a lot from (visit) We wovldn't play on Sundays
• ■ • a
other countries? fes. J did. No I woddn t.
What do you plan Idol in the next five years?
Dö you enjoy___ Make sure you say used /ju is t/ with only one syllable.
(g o j to fo o tb a ll m a tc h e s a n d
S ay u s e d t o a s o n e w o rd a n d th e fo lL o w jn g v e rb q u ic k ly
other sports events’
afterwards: I used ro play tennis. 1 'jursteplei/.
b Ask and answer the questions.
PRACTICE
1 a Complete the sentences with used to or would and
these verbs.
used 10, would buy live not like play believe
think get up work
MEANING
ju use used to and would to talk about past habits and routines. 1 l_ in ghosts.
r (0 play football on Saturdays when I was a kid 2 I icecream, but now I love it!
fpl&y fo o tb a ll on S a tu rd a ys when I w as a h d 3 She_____ work was boring until she became a nu rse.
4 They in a flat in New York.
t use used to. but not would, to talk about past states. 5 We together in a fast food restaurant.
ed to be a lav/yer i would b t o lawyer 6 W e chess when we were at u niversity.
I to live abroad / Wdoid I tve- ab rort ä-
7 I _____ chuc olate once or twice 0 day.
nfnon state verbs are: be. have, like. iove. think, know, 8 l_ at five in the morning.
vs, understand, seem, feel, smell, taste. b In which seniences can you use.-
a used to or would? b only used to?
* * * * * N0W
a Put the words in order to make questions.
I to play computer games when I was young. S 1 of clothes / did / What kind / you / to wear J use ?
ay computer games when I was young. / 2 H o w / to tra v e l / p e o p le / d id / b e fo re p la n e s f u s e ?

NOW 3 did / Where / to play / you / use / as a chitd ?


A to e a t/ What food / use / at college / did / you ?
5 on h o lid a y /yo u /W h e re /u s e / to go / did ?
I to believe that monsters lived under my bed. / 6 use / people / What / to do / before eLeciricity / d id ?
tfret-monsters i <ved under * b A s k a n d a n s w e r the q u e s tio n s .

145
m m a r r e f e r e n c e a n d p ra c tic e

14
Unreal conditionals
MEANING
You can use unreal conditionals to talk about situations which
are imaginary and probably w o n t happen
Real situation
Not manypeapte drive electnc cars.
I don't have a lot of money
I m a g in a r y s itu a tio n
// everyone drove electric cars, the air would be cleaner
I f I had a lot o f money. I'd buy a brg house tn tbs counfiy
These sentences use past verbs \drove. had. etc.) but they are
not about the past. They're about the present or the future

FORM
E » You say If everyone shared a car. w e would save fue l not
IS everyone 7votrld share s car, wr would save-fuel

I f ♦ p a s t s im p le , w o u ld + in fin itiv e
U everyone drove electnc cars, the atr would be cleaner.
U everyone drove e le c tn c ca rs. the a ir w o u ld n ’t be so polluted.

You c a n c h a n g e th e o rd e r. W h e n th e i f c ia u s e c o m e s s e c o n d .
you don't need a comma.
w o u ld ♦ in fin itiv e i f p a s t s im p le
Jhe air would be cleaner if everyone drove electric cars.
the air wouldnt be so polluted it everyone drove electric cars
Make sure you use a verb in the past simple after if. Don't use
would in both clauses

In unreal conditionals, you can use was or were after f. he. she
o r it.
I / i t w as / w e re w a rm e r, w e 'd ha ve th e p a r ty in o u r g a rd e n .
If I was /w e re a university student, f 'd study bustness or Jaw.

PRONUNCIATION
T h e p r o n u n c ia tio n o f re a l c o n d itio n a ls is th e s a m e a s in o ih e r
s e n te n c e s . F o r e x a m p le , y o u u s u a lly s tre s s v e r b s a n d n o u n s
but not modal verbs or prepositions.
If everyone drwe electric cars, the a ir would be cleaner

PRACTICE
1 Complete the sentences w ith the verbs in brackets to
make unreal conditional sentences,
1 If we used solar power, il would save a lot of money
I use. save I
2 If I a bit of money. I _ . a second-hand
car. h av e, buy I
3 If she John. I'm sure she him. (meet,
like)
AI _ for a new flat if I _ more time Hook, have!
5 If I _ go back to university. I a degree in
economics, (can. dol
6 I walking in the mountains if I _ work
tomorrow Ego. not have to)
7 I t ______ easier to pay our bills if we Internet
banking. Ibe, usel
8 If I the chance. I to a different couniry,
I have, move!
9 If I closer to nny office, my life _ a tot
easier Hive, bei
10 I _ _ a löt healthier if I 50 many sweets
and biscuits. Ibe, not eat]
Vocabulary reference and practice

play and practise degree and career


MEANING MEANING
You say I piay tennis not hpracme feryms. :ID5> You say/'m doing a degree nol i'm rforng a career
You use practise when you are talking about training for a A degree -s a university course or .qualification. You get a
specific objective or about developing a skill. university degree in certain subjects or areas of study.
He's practising 3 lot because the competition is oext week. He wants to do a degree in economics at university.
Marta practised! her Engiish with an Australian friend
A c a r e e r is th e jo b o r s e r ie s o f jo b s you h a v e d u rin g y o u r
You use play when you are talking about individual o r learn w o r k in g life .
sports like tennis, hockey or football. She h a d a c a re e r in b a n k in g b e fo re s h e d e cid e d to b e c o m c a
A it m y c la s s m a te s p la y v o lle y b a ll in th e a fte rn o o n s teacher,
You use go when you talk about activities that end in -ing. FORM
I go running evs/y morning before breakfast
You say do a degree when you are studying When you finish,
You use do to talk about other forms of exercise. you have / get a degree in a subject Later in life you have a
I do yoga twice a week at a gym in the neighbourhood. career.

FORM In British English, you say She's done a degree in pnysics/a


p h y s ic s d e g re e
In American English, the verb and noun are spell the same:
In American English, you say.- She s done a bachelor's / masters
practice.
degree in physits.
In Britrsh English, practise is the verb and practice is the noun.
PRONUNCIATION
PRONUNCIATION
The stress in dügre*eand career is on the second syllable.
Be eareful how you say play plci and practise .'pra»ktis-
The ee in degree is pronounced as 'i.\ : /di'grir/.
PRACTICE In career it's pronounced as /ia*; fWa'nw.
1 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f d o ,
PRACTICE
practise, go or play.
1 Complete the sentences with degree or career.
1 He snorkelling every weekend in the summer.
2 The students the exercises yesterday betöre 1 Lauren loves cooking so she is hoping to have a
trie exam. in catenng.
3 MarjdPy on the girls fooiball team 2 Pierre wants to do a n art.
U M y b r o th e r k a r a te w ith a C h in e s e te a c h e r, 3 M a rc o th in k s t h a t h a v in g a in IT w i l t pay v e ry
5 How often does your father _ sports7 well.
6 Do you want to hear Jon for the concert? U At the U3A, there are no exams but you don I get a
either.

147
V o cab u lary r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

Containers
dish and plate MEANING and FORM
E » A b o ttle o f w a t e r a n d a w a t e r b o ttle have d iffe r e n t
MEANING
meanings.
E » You say dish to talk about food cooked in a certa in way,
When you talk about a bottle o f water you are thinking about
net pfat*.
what is inside I he container.
You use dish wtien you’re talking about food cooked in a
When you talk about a water bottle you are thinking about the
c e r ta in w a y
use of the container. Th»s is also true of other containers: cup.
Jo# loves cooking fndran dishes like curry for her friends.
packet, basket, box, etc.
Paelia is the most well-known Spanish dish
You use the Wöftd plate for She object on which you put your PRACTICE
taod. !Circie)the correct words.
C o u ld y o u p u t th e p la te s a n d g la s s e s un th e ta b le ?
1 A lt o f m y fr ie n d s b r o u g h t a w in e b o ttle / D o ttle o f w in e
You use course lo talk about the different parts of a meal. to m y pa rty.
I'd like a salad h r my first course and a weil-cooked steak for my 2 l"m goiing io buy her six tea cups ( cups of tea as a
mam course. wedding present.
3 Jim took a box of matches / match box from the
FORM and PRONUNCIATION kitchen because his lighter wasn’t working.
The plural of dis-h is dishes. It has two syllables /‘d f/iz/. U My mu m asked me to buy a packet of pasta j pasta
packet from the convenience store.
PRACTICE 5 I need to buy a new shopping basket / basket of
Shopping., my old one is broken.
1 fC irc te )th e c o r r e c t w o rd .

1 P e te 's fa v o u rite c o u r s e / d is h is s p ic y c h ic k e n .
2 Whal pla te /d ish do you enjoy cooking7
3 Lynn wants cream of mushroom soup for her first
course /plate.
4 Can you la ke those dirty plates /courses into the
trio
kitchen'? MEANING and FORM
I D » You say Hes going on a business- trip not Me s
im m ess tnp.
could and can You use the preposition on before the words trip and journey.
Last year they went on a tnp to Canada to visrt their son.
MEANING
I lost my suitcases on my journey home.
E » Could 1have the chicken, ptease? is more polite than Can
I hare the chicken, ptease 0 You use trip to mean yogi have gone and come back from a
journey.
It i s more poli te lo use could than can when asking for things,
Masha made a (o! of friends on her trip to Germany. (She went to
Could I have the cheese salad to start ?
Germany and has now come back.I
It is also more polite to use wo-uld like than want when you
A journey is the act of travelling from one place to another,
offer something.
usually in a vehicle.
Would you like a bottle of water ? is more polite than Do you want
It 's a t m -hour train journey from York to London.
a bottle of water7
When you travel because of work you say a business trip not
FORM a husrnessjo u r n e y
C o u ld I h o o k a ta b le p le a s e ? bs a re q u e s t, Her company sent her qn 3 fcj/swess trip £0 Italy to attend a
You can also say I would like to book a table, please. conference
Use could and can with the infinitive wil hoirt to. A voyage is a long journey by sea

Could you bring me the menu? Request A m a n le ft h is w a lle t in M e lis s a 's ta x i o n h i s ____ . to
I to order, please the airport.
your father drive when he was 18? T h e tra v e l a g e n c y o rg a n is e d a day __ to
. you a c o ffe e a fte r y o u r d e s s e rt? Stratford-upon-Avon.
you p a s s m e th e s a lt, p le a s e ? The IT department is planning a sales _ to
you m e to b r in g y o u m o re w in e ? promote their new products.
b A r e th e s e n te n c e s o ff e r s o r re q u e s ts ?

V o cab u lary r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

■ u 6
borrow and lend facilities and installation
MEANING MEANING
J Z » You s a f I b o rro w e d s o m e m o n e y fr o m th e b a n k n o t The You say The facilities could definitely be better not -7-hr
b a n k b o rro w e d m e s o m e m o n e y tPSteltenon* f&fid-deftnftely-oebetter.
You use borrow to say someone gets or receives something Facilities refers to the equipment and services provided for a
from someone else with the inteniion ol returning st later p a rticu lar purpose.
i borrow my sister's car when I need one. The newsp-orts stadium fras excellent facilities for the athletes
and the specta'ors.
You use lend to focus on the person who gives something to
someone for a short time, expecting it to be returned it later. You u s e in s ta lla tio n w h e n y o u a re ta lk in g a b o u t e q u ip m e n t o r
My sister lends me her car when I need one. furniture being assembled and put into place,
Can you put up the shelves?" 'Certainly, but you'tl have to pay
J borrowed some money from the bank means the same as The
5% more tor installation.“
t a n k le n t m e so m e money.

FORM
FORM
You use facilities in the plural form to express the meaning
You borrow something from someone. Someone lends
above.
something to you.
The verb lend is irregular The past simple and the past PRONUNCIATION
participte are the same: lent. You stress the second syllable in facilities. Say the c as V and
In American English, loan is used as a verb and can mean the ending -ies as one syllable: .fa silitiz-.
e th e rb o rro w e r lend. In installation you stress the third syllable The finding -tion is
The bank loaned me some money. pronounced as/Jan/: /insta’lcijan/
J can loan you my umbrella since it 's raining.

The noun loan refers to the amount of money that you borrow, PRACTICE
Ihe bank gave the couple a loan to finish paying for their flat 1 I g r c ^ t h e c o r r e c t w o rd .

1 The h3tel has special facilities / installation for the


PRONUNCIATION
disabled
Borrow is a regular verb. In the past say it with only two 2 The pDwer failure was due to faulty installation/
syllables and make sure you pronounce the final -d: ^'bniaudi' facility.
3 T h e y have im p r o v e d th e s p o rts in s ta lla tio n / fa c ilitie s
Say the -d and -t endings of lend and lent clearly
at the university.
Loan has only one syllable: /lacm.'.
4 The stopping centre has extra facilities f installations
PRACTICE for customers at Christmas.

1 Complete the sente nces w ith the correct form of borrow


o r lend.
1 Can I _ □ few coins for the vending machine’
2 Mike me his coat as it was really cold last
night.
3 She some money from her mum to pay for her
new motorbike.
A The bank you money but you have to pay it
back with interest.

149
V o cab u lary r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

get to and arrive one and ones


MEANING MEANING
E » You say When you get io the canai. turn right not Wtnn E » You s a y the Smatter ones n o t t*e sm a^e rs.
»*•«■ j£L fji xrx - i . i ih r
You can use one or ones to avoid repeating a noun you have
When giving directions, yfru say Howöo I get to the station“* nat mentioned before.
H o* r d e t a r m ? f c t ft? r to tr y n ? "Woutdyou tike to look a; fhose big rugs?' hJo. Ihe smatler ones
please.'
You can use both arrive at and get to in other contexts.
Carolina s computer isrr I working. She needs to get a ne w one.
f arrived at /g o t to th€ airport just in time to catch my flight
You don't use cne or ones after possessive adjectives or
FORM pronouns.
You c a n u s e b o th in a n d a t w ith a r r iv e . "Is this Alba s passport? no. it's mine. "No. it's mf-Z-rnrnt-one:'
You say arrive in when you talk about a city or country. You don’ t use ene or ones after quantity words like some. any.
M y m o th e r a rc * e d in M a d rid la t e r th a n exp ected .
both or numbers.
You say arrive at when you talk aboul buildings and other I'm looking for some black boots. Do you have any? Do you have
contexts. a rty

Mfe bo th a r riv e d at th e a ir p o r t a t th e same* tim e


FORM
You d o n t u s e a p r e p o s itio n a f t e r g e t o r a r r iv e w ith h e re , th e re
You cannot use adjectives on their own; they need to have an
or home. accompanying noun or one o r ones.
What time did you get home last night. Whst l i n t *o
Mans doesn't tike big dogs, she p re fe rs s m a il o n e s
h o m e I s s t nigh t.
Remember you cannol make adjectives plural.
PRONUNCIATION I don't want smalt potatoes I'm looking for big ones, they 'rs
The stress in arrive is on the second syllable te'raiv'. eas > e r peel f o r b tg s

PRACTICE PRACTICE
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of get or 1 Add one or ones to the sentences.
arrive and at, in, to o r - Ino preposition). ones
1 My old schoolmate is arriving in London tomorrow. 1 I don't like green olives. Could I have some black /I,
2 When I the office everyone was in a meeting. please?
2 “Could you lend me an umbrella?" Tm sorry. I
3 Her partner often home- late in the evenings
A We always Like to the airport two hours before haven't got. ’
3 "Do you tike chocolates?" "Yes. especially the with
the flight.
5 Excuse me. How do I the nearest cashpoint? creanr inside."
U This jacket is very is very expensive. Do you have a
6 Before Spain, she changed her dollars to
cheaper?
euros
5 I like those lamps. Do you have any bigger?

ISC
V o cab u lary r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

remind and remember


MEANING be + adjective
1 L & You say It reminds me of those days nol
ofthosvxfsys. MEANING and FORM
« a s » You say I'm v e ry h u n g ry not f frsvc tr / y h u n g r y .
You u s e r e m in d w hen s o m e o n e o r s o m e th in g h e lp s y ou think
of something ^ou have o r might have forgotten. Hungry and thirsty are adjectives; they describe how you feet.
Remind me to phone the doctor Rt m m b e r me to phone (h*
These expressions of feeling go with ihe verb be.
doctor.
I'm th irs ty . I h o w i h r s t ? .
You use remember when you are able to bnng back a piece of
Some other express ions that go with Ihe verb be are la te , ea rly,
mfo rrnati on into your m ind. o r to keep a pie ce of informat ion in
right and when you talk about someone’s age.
your memory. Joe is a lw a ys la le fur sc/iuc//. J u tr a lw ays fras io te fo r sch a a i
He can remember the students' faces, but nol their names. He
old.
She is 2 0 y e a rs 2$ oiff.
I am right f have-resson
FORM
PRONUNCIATION
You use remind + object + of when something makes us
Be carefulto say the h- clearly in hungry h.\ijgri . You don't
remember the past and comment on similarities.
want to confuse it with angry /'segyri/.
Snow in pecerrber reminds me of living in- Seattle
Remember »s followed fry -ing or to + infinitive. PRACTICE
I remember turning o ff the lights this morning. 1 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the
I a lw a y s r e m e m b e r to t u r n o ff th o lig h ts . verb be.
1 Ben s always very thirsty after jogging.
PRONUNCIATION
2 The stjdents in this class all in their tv/enties
You say remind n'maind«. In the past, add an extra syllable: 3 I _ never early when I'm invited to a party.
/n'm aindid/ A She really hungry when she got home
yeste rda y.
PRACTICE 5 Next month Ron _ 3:5 years old.
1 iCircle)the correct word. 6 Don't Late or we 11 leeve without you!
1 Did you remember / remind to write the date in your 7 Politicians not always right in their opinions
diary
2 Carmen is so $ra<ef ul. she remembefs / reminds me
of a ballet dancer.
3 Do youi remember / remind me? Wo used to go to
school together.
U Unless you remember / remind me, I II probably
forge; to buy him a present

151
V o cab u lary r e f e r e n c e a n d p ra c tic e

Adjectives with -eti and -ing


MEANING on and m
E » i/ n amazed and I'm amazing have different meanings.
MEANING and FORM
When you say I» + -ed adjective you are talking about how you feel.
E » You say Which floor do you hue cn? not Wb'ch the* 4# yov
I w a s a b s o lu te ly a m a z e d io see Jean a n d R a c h e l together.
live rrr?
if you say »'$ amazing you are talking about a situation or what
You s a y o n w h e n y o u ta lk a b o u t «he flo o r w h e re a p la c e Is
provokes the feeling.
situated or whe-e someone lives.
It w as a b s o lu te ly a m a z in g to se e J e a n a n d R a c h e l to g e th e r
Where s Pauls oftee? Its on the fOth flcor.
I'm a m a z in g . = I'm a n e x tr a o rd in a ry p e rs o n .
In g e n e ra l, yo u use o n fo r a s u r fa c e a n d in f o r a n e n c lo s e d

FORM space.
There are lots olf odjcctivcs that can- end in -*?d or -ing with on:
different meanings: the 2nd floor the wall the beach Ihemenu the TV
interested/ interesting frightenedffrightening tire d /tirin g the <omputer
surprised/ surprising exhausted / exhausting bored/boring
in:
I was surprisedro see Lisa at the party. the apartment the building the parkny bag my pocket
The f ilm we saw y e s te rd a y w as re a lty s u rp ris in g the car 1= inside the car]

I was really bond tn our new feacfters class, The s:gn pn the y/atl said 'No entry"
t think our new toacher is really baring. What's on the menu today?
We've been joggling in the park this morning.
PRONUNCIATION I've left my bag m the car. I ll just get it
A d je c tiv e s e n d in g in a ! t f o r a / d / s o u n d b e fo re th e -e d , a d d an
PRACTICE
extra syllable id/:
e x r ile d /ik'sart id ' e x h a u s te d / i q ' z v s t i d in te re s te d 'm tr a u iid /1 1 D e c id e if tn e u s e o f o n o r in is c o r re c t in e a c h s e n te n c e .

M n c t n t h p r -o d e n d in g a d je c t/v e s o n d w it h /d /:
1 She found some chocolates in the box. /
2 T h e re w e re th r e e p la te s in th e ta b le .
bored fired /taiad/ fastened/Trait and amazed mend/
3 Her friend Julia was staying on her ftat for the
PRACTICE weekend.
U Ivan left his van in the car par*.
1 Camplete the sentences with the adjectives ending in
5 She lay in her towel on the beach.
-ed or - ing.
6 In S p a in , y o u 'll a lw a y s se e g a s p a c h o in th e m e n u .
1 Our Inp to the US was absolutely exhausting lex haust).
2 We were realty (frighten) when we watched
the horror film.
3 S tu d y ir.g f o r e x a m s is v e ry (tir e j.
U Kirsten's new job must be really lexcitel
5 W e re yo-u . (b o re } a t th e p a rty y e s te rd a y ? I w as.
6 I didn’t think the documentary was very
(interest).

thanks and cheers


MEANING
1 2 » Thanks and Cheers are more informal than thank you
You say thank you in a formal context when you interact w : t h
people you don't know.
You say thanks m an informal context, and with colleagues,
f n e n d s a n d fam :iy.

C h e e rs is v e r y c o llo q u ia l a n d i t is u s e d e s p e c ia lly in B r itis h


English.
I Ve bought you a drink.' "Cheers, mate.
In British English, people often use cheers to say goodbye,
a ye! Cheers, see you ne/t week.'

In Sr?tisfi and American English cheers is also used to toast


scvneone .vtth a drink.

PRONUNCIATION
is pronounced t j u r . . Be careful not to confuse it with
-r«ese l ftziJ.
V o cab u lary r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

The best thing...


MEANING Hello, this is Paul
You say The b e it thing about the college is. it's so green
MEANING
: E2$> When speaking on the tele phone you say This is fo u l
You can use thing o r things after a superlative to make it a Jennings not / amPatfi-Jenrrmgs.
noun. You cannot use the -*■superlative or adjeeti-ve.
The m o s l in te re s tin g th in g a b o u t m o v in g i s m e e tin g n e w p e o p le . When you identify yourself on the phone, you always speak in
third person.
This is Marta speaking, hi!
FORM
You can u s e th in g o r th in g s a lt e r s u p e rla tiv e s . FORM
The w o n t thing about England is the weather. When yc»U answer the phone, you can also say it's Isabel here
nut fw ii zt7et'*TrrrT.
You also use say the good / bad thing. and the right / wrong This is M r Evans, la m M r E ro n r
thing.
ft's not a bad thing to save some money. If you want to check that you are talking to the right person,
Jetting him was the right thing to do. you say Is that ...?not Are you .. ?
Is th a t you, M ike?
You use about if the expression is followed by a noun.
T h e b e s t th in g s a b o u t J a k e a re h is s e n s e o f h u m o u r a n d pa tie n ce . If the situation is more formal, you can say C ould! speak to
M r Evans?
Yov use an infinitive if <t is followed by a verb.
My dad always knows the right thing to do. To confirm who you are. you say Yes. it is or No, it isn’t.
You can also say Yes. speaking.
PRACTICE
1 IbircTe'the best option. PRACTICE

1 The most di fHeult things / thing / - aboul E nglish is 1 Circle the correct words.
the pronunciation. 1 "Can I speak to John, please'’
2 The good things / thing / - about my mum are her “This i s / i am John."
good sense an<J her cooking! 2 “Hi. is Scsan there.
3 Those algebra problems are the easiest things / "Yes, speaking / Yes, it is I."
thing / - . 3 Hello. J| am Peter / it’s Peter here.
4 Helping your friends when they have a problem is the 6 Yes? Who's that / Who> speaking, please?
right things / thing / - t o do. 5 Good afternoon. Is that / Are.you Mr Jones?
5 Having a holiday w hen you 're tired is a g re a t thing s /
thing / - .
V o cab u lary r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

the
MEANING
2 E & You say Boxers are great athletes not The fee»grs-g*g
great athlete*.
You don't use the with plural nouns when you are talking about
things >n general
Children under 16 years old shouldn't box The children
years eld shouldn't be*:
The Is not used with proper nouns, the names nf most counines,
languages or means of transport with by.
L e w is is g o in g to S p a in to s tu d y S pan ish .
Amelta usually goes to school by bus
The is not usually used with home. bed. school, hospital,
church or university when you refer to the place in generaL
Naialta didn 't feet well, so she stayed at home and went to bed.
Wiil you ibe go/tig to university next year?
You use the when tbe noun refers to someone or something
specific.
The children vrho live nexr door Jove playing with anrmats.
fn our town, the hospital is between the university and the church.
You use Ihe when a noun is mentioned for the second time
1saw a man fall off h/s bike The man wasn't hurt.
You use the with adj-ectives and adverbs in the superlative
form.
This is the fastest car / Ve ever seen.
R a lp h d riv e s tbe m o s t c a r e fu lly o f a l l h is b ro th e rs .

You use the with nouns that are unique: the sun, the moon,
the earth.

PRONUNCIATION
The way you say l he changes depending on whet her the
following! word begins with a vowel or a consonant.
You say the do- when the word following öegms with a consonant
The kitchen had an electric oven.
You s a y th e Jdis/ Whfcn th e w o rd fo llo w in g b e g in s w it h a v o w e l
When you use the wen, hat«* tm or three dishes together.

1 Complete the sentences with the or - (no article).


1 I love looking at stars.
2 Bill is in _hospital with a broken leg.
3 My mother buys best ham.
U Teresa went to _ bed early.
5 M e e t m e by c h u rc h a t 5 o 'c lo c k .
6 sky is always blue in Andalusia.
Pronunciation reference and practice

Past endings -efl /s/ and /k/


PRONUNCIATION PRONUNCIATION
I ® Be careful when you say started, wanted and interested. H » Be careful with the pronunciation of receipt ün'sfcO.
The -ed ending is pronounced with an extra syllable .'id/.
The ei is pronotnced as one long vowel sound f\v after c. Some
W ith r e g u la r v e rb s w h ic h e n d in . 1/ o r f'd ' in th e in fin itiv e , you other words like this are receive and deceive.
say the *ed entfing with an extra syllable, Remember, in the word re c e ip t, the p is silent.
w a n t > v /a n le d z4w o n t i d / n e e d > n e e d e d ' n h d it l
decide * decided /d r 's a id id ' When -c comes before an e or an i. you say it as /V.
f'd like to go to tne city centre, please. /'s iti 'scnio
With all other regular verbs in the past simple or past
participle, you say the -ed ending as dI o r I When c comes before a. o o r u. you say it as
play > played picid' en/oy > enjoyed/m 'd j^ id CoUn c u l h is b irth d a y ca ke , "ko liiv /L \t< . keik-
pass > passed '{Ki!s;t> look > looked lu k t •
PRACTICE
Make sure you pronounce the endings clearly so the listener 1 W rite /a/ cr fk/ for the letters in bold.
knows when you are talking about the present or the past.
1 s e n te n c e s s.' t- V a n c o u v e r
2 decided 5 exercise
3 q u a lific a tio n s & c e r ta in ly
1 Tick l / l the regular verbs w ith an extra syllable id' in
the past.
1 p a in t/ L read 7 change
2 s ta r t 5 Finish 8 in v ite
3 train 6 compete ? write Words beginning with st-
PRONUNCIATION
!1 D > Be careful when you say words that begin with st-.

/ju i/ and /a / Don't add an fc! sound at the beginning.


Be careful with the pronunciation at words like -itaiion. start
PRONUNCIATION and student. Yoj don't add an extra vowel sound before these
Be c a re fu l w it h th e p r o n u n c ia tio n of u n iv e r s ity words: #5tafion.MStart, e’student.
ju ; n i'v 3 ; M t L .
PRACTICE
In some words like unfversity you pronounce the initial u as j u ; . 1 Practise saying these tongue twisters.
university 'j t n n r v s r s t i i ' u n ii& rm .'ju:nif3:m use iu:z
1 A strorg sto rm started as Stella and t he stude nts
usual 'ju : 3<>nl utility ‘ju :'t iliti-'
stood n the station
In most words Beginning with the letter u, you say it as W . 2 Steve stopped to stare at the smoking store.
u p 1apl' u n d e r u m b r e l l a •AOi'brel*
u ltim a tu m / a I I i m e rt d itv

The p r e fix u n - is a lw a y s p ro n o u n c e d Am i . .

PRACTICE
1 Complete the table with the words in the box.

u n tv e rs ir? u n k in d u n io n u n it up u s u a lly
jpstairs us user ultimate

/ jlil/ I aJ
university

155
P ro n u n c ia tio n r e f e r e n c e a n d p r a c tic e

Words ending in «rAfand gh


weather and whether PRONUNCIATION
E » Be c a r e fu l w ith th e p ro n u n c ia tio n o f m ig h t m a n
FORM and PRONUNCIATION
In words ending in ght, you only say the t sound The gh is
Be careful with the words weather and whether. They
sound the same but have different meanings silent.
might 'm ail/
Some words in English are spelt differently but sound thought 'Ön:t.
the same when you say them. Words like this 3re called caught /kr>!t
homophones. It is important lo be able to recognise which straight /streit^
word it ts when you listening and to make sure you spell
In s o m e O th e r w o rd s w ith g h th e s e le tte r s a re a ls o s ile n t.
the words correctly when you are writing.
high fb a if
The words can b-e different types: nouns, adjectives, verbs, neighbour ''n e ib a '
conjunctions, etc.
There are a tew .vords in which gh is pronounced with a / [ /
Some typical homophones are: sound
wealher > whether /'w c to / laugh /lu:f7
right > write /ra it/ cough -knf'
eight > ate /e it/ enough / i 'iu l /
here > hear fhi&'
PRACTICE
Make sure you know which one you are using when you speak
and write 1 M a tc h t h e w o rd s w it h gHt a n d g h (1 —Ah w ith th e rh y m in g
words la-e).
PRACTICE 1 light a pot
1 s Complete the sentences with the correct homophone. 2 caught b sky
Make sure you speU the word correctly. 3 straight c stuff
U enough d date
weather whether right eight ale here hear 5 high e site
6 through f blue
1 Did you the forecast on the radio this
morning?
2 We need to know it's going to rain tomorrow -
we re having a barbacue.
3 W e a r riv e d a t p m , b u t d in n e r w a s v e r y la te . We /3 l/
at 11 pm!
A O K. y ou re a n d I m w ro n g , a g a in ! PRONUNCIATION
5 Can you come over . please7 I’ve got to m » Be c a r e fL l with the pronunciaticn o f work «waik.. The
an email in English and I need your help. vowel s o u n d is lo n g .
b P r a c tis e s a y in g t h e s e n te n c e s . In w o rd s lik e .vo -k. s k ir t , h e r. h u r t The r m a k e s th e v o w e ls o. i.
e and u lo n g j v .
Make sure you really elongate the vowel sound to avoid
confusion with other words, work W3;k > walk
You say the same sound h 'J for other vowel <*■r combinations.
Words ending in -tore 0 + r = r. as in worse, worst, word
1+ r = j : ' as in . third, first birthday
FORM and PRONUNCIATION
e + r = j: as in fierbs. expert, v e rt
E » Be careful with the pronunciation of temperature u + r » fo’J as in hurt, turn, Thursday
''tcmpratfa'. ea + r = j;. as in early, learn, heard
In English, many nouns end in -ture: architecture, future, ov+ r - ur; as in journey
picture, nature, culture, literature. furniture
PRACTICE
The letters -ture in these words are not stressed and are 1 Undertine the a:/ sounds in the words in bold.
pronounced as 'i JV.
1 Shirley went to Germany lo do a university course in
Don't say the consonant t as a t (wanted), but like a ch (much).
nursing
The stress is usually on the first syllable of the word. 2 You can circle the earth jn much less than th irty
• • • hours.
picture nature furniture
3 Eva is not an expert cook; she burnt the turkey.
PRACTICE L Kurt thinks Esperanto >s perfect; the best language
in the warid.
1 a M a rk th e s tre s s o n th e s e w o rd s .

lemperatune architecture future picture nature


culture Literature furniture

fc Practise saying the words.


10 13
/;/ live and life
PRONUNCIATION MEANING and FORM
Be careful with the pronunciation of social -'sao/al/. Life is a noun. The plural is lives.
Joanna s life in London was very different to her life in Madrra.
The consonant sound [.■ often corresponds lo the letterssh.
she f i ’J shtp / / ip/ shake /Jeik’ ashes i'atftxJ L iv e ca n b e a v e rb .
f $njoy$d living in fhe US during the summer
W o rd s e n d in g in -c ia l, a re a ls o p r o n o u n c e d w it h JT. w h ic h
corresponds to the letters ci. The word live can also be an adjective, it means a
performance in front of an audience.
B e ca re fu l ta d istingu ish clearly betw een ,'v and JV when you
The b a n d p la ye d Ihre rn B ilb a o
a re s p e a k in g .
O r it r a n m»»an h a v in g life ".
PRACTICE There were fne animals in the circus
I Practise saying these words.
PRONUNCIATION
1 a s o c ia l S s a u fp L ' b society /so'saioti/
2 a facial / 'f e i f a l ’ b face /feisf V X S » B e c a re fu l w ith th e p ro n u n c ia tio n o f liv e iliv / an d life /laid.
3 a c o m m e rc ia l 'k n 'm a r fn l. b commerce /'kimrJS/ In lif e a n d liv e s th e i is p r o n o u n c e d a s /a«/: -'la if//3 a iv z ‘
4 a racial /"rctj?!/ b race /reis.-
The verb live has a short vowel sound: -liv/.
When live is an adjective, it is pronounced la iv .
II
PRACTICE
Stress patterns Write /ai/ o r h f for the words in bold.
PRONUNCIATION 1 Gre:a lives rn Spain with her parents
2 I love going to live concert*.
m s » Be careful when you say comfortable /‘lu m ft nbl/. It only
h a s th r e e s y lla b le s .
3 T h e y s a y that h a v e nine liv e s.
L She had a long life: she lived until she was 95!
In longer words sn English, the stress pattern often means that
some of the written letters are not pronounced. These tetters
are unstressed.
* • *
14
c o m fo r ta b le * c o m fta b le lite r a tu r e > Ih ’ra tu ro
/d3/
PRACTICE
i i u11iNi uRi AHT1IO N
rPaRuD M

1 vegetable 5 elementary •ad vuintidsi? and disadvantages disad'vciintidsi^.


2 laboratory 6 Wednesday
3 temperature 7 chocolate In words w in more than one syllable the ending -age is
4 business 8 interesting prono unced /ids/.
Ianguoge / 'larjgNvids village /’v ilid j; cabbage /'k iv b id y
b Practise saying the words.
The sound dv can also be written with other letters.
j = ■ti.V as in jacket, jam
g = 'd y a s in general, gene
ge = 'd v as in large, stage
dge = as in bridge. / ridge

PRACTICE
1 a Underline the letters that are pronounced as AJ3 /.
1 ju m p e r 5 o ra n g e
2 page 6 Germany
3 ju ic e 7 v e g e ta b le
4 fr id g e 8 ja z z

b Practise saying the words.

157
i So S u n -H i, y o u 're le a rn in g E n g lis h . be able to pla y it a g a in b e cause 1 t h in k
Hi, m y n a m e 's K ate M o ri and I'm suN-Hi Yes, I have a jo b w ith a la rg e it's ve ry o rig in a l a n d it has a lo v e ly
fr o m O tta w a in C anada. I liv e w ith m y in te r n a tio n a l c o m p a n y in S e o u l, so I so u n d , b u t u n fo rtu n a te ly I d o n 't h a ve
h u s b a n d , M a sa o , and, er, w e have a cat. ne ed E n g lis h fo r m y w o rk , it w ith me.
I'm a te a c h e r. I w o r k in a k in d e rg a rte n . i H m , do you tra v e l a lo t?
« jm
I s p e a k E n g lis h an d F rench , and rig h t s N o, I d o n 't need E n g lis h f o r tr a v e l
john So, have you g o t an y pla n s fo r th e
n o w I'm s tu d y in g Ja p a n e s e , and s lo w ly so m u c h b u t, er, w e have a lo t o f
w e e ke n d ?
m a k in g p ro g re s s ! Er, I a ls o s tu d y a r t E n g lis h -s p e a k in g v is ito rs fro m o th e r
cameron No, no t re a lly . You?
h is to ry a t n ig h t s c h o o l once a w e e k . c o u n trie s , e s p e c ia lly A u s tra lia .
j W e ll, I w as th in k in g a b o u t g o in g to th e
E rm , I'm re a lly in te re s te d in a rt, I A h, I see.
fe s tiv a l, you know ?
e s p e c ia lly c e r ta in C a n a d ia n a r tis ts lik e s So I a lw a y s ta lk to th e m in E n g lis h . Of
c W O M A D elaide ?
F ra n k J o h n s to n , so w h e n I have th e tim e , c o u rs e w e have a lo t of v is ito r s fro m
j Yeah, it s ta rts on F riday. Do you w a n t
I lik e v is itin g th e a r t g a lle rie s w e have o th e r p la c e s too.
to go?
ro u n d h e re . E rm , M a sao's in te re s te d in i S u re .
c S ure, if w e can ge t tic k e ts fo r a day
a r t to o so w e u s u a lly go to g e th e r. W h a t s E u ro p e , o th e r c o u n trie s in A s ia , b u t
o r a n ig h t. I c o u ld n 't do the w h o le
e ls e ? W e ll, s o m e tim e s I p la y te n n is w ith w e u s u a lly s p e a k in E n g lis h ,
w e e ke n d ,
m y b ro th e r. H e liv e s n e a r m e . A nd in th e i W h a t a b o u t w ritin g ?
j M e n e ith e r, it's too exp ensive. So
w in te r I go s k a tin g on th e c a n a l, w h ic h is s W e ll, yes, m y s p e a k in g 's OK b u t I
w h e n ’s best fo r you?
a ty p ic a l O tta w a th in g to do! need to p ra c tis e m y w r itin g . I re ad
c S u n d a y probab ly. It d o e s n 't re a lly
and w r ite a lo t of e m a ils in E n g lis h
s |!i§ m a tte r - it d e p e n d s w h a t's on.
b u t it ta k e s m e a lo n g tim e .
interviewer So K ate, w h y a re you j Yeah, and if th e re a re any tic k e ts le ft.
le a rn in g J a p a n e s e ? i B B W hy d o n 't w e have a lo o k o n lin e ?
kate W e ll, la s t y e a r I g o t m a rrie d to interviewer E rm , N a ta lie , did yo u have c OK, hang on a m in u te . R ight. S und ay.
M a sa o . H e 's fro m J a p a n , a lo t o f e x p e rie n c e o f m u s ic w h e n you Ah, C e s a ria E vora's pla yin g . S he's
i C o n g ra tu la tio n s . w e re little ? a m a zin g .
k T h a n k s . So no w I'm le a rn in g natalie I th in k I w a s v e ry lu c k y , in th a t j Yeah, I’d love to see her. O r M is ta
b e c a u s e I re a lly w a n t to ta lk w ith m y I c a m e fro m T rin id a d and T o bag o, so S avona looks in te re s tin g ,

h u s b a n d 's fa m ily , h is p a re n ts an d so w h e n I w a s y o u n g e r th e re w a s a lo t o f c H m , I'm no t re a lly in to reggae,


on. T h e y d o n 't s p e a k E n g lis h ... m u s ic a ro u n d m e a ll th e tim e . L o ts of j OK, w e l l ... er, e rm ... W h a t do you
i A n d you d o n 't s p e a k J a p a n e s e ? d iffe re n t ty p e s of m u s ic . W e did have th in k a b o u t th is ? T he T e rem Q u a rte t?
k W e ll, I can s a y 'h e llo ' and 'g o o d b y e ', m u s ic fro m the re s t o f th e w o r ld b u t c T h e fo lk ? Yeah, th a t so u n d s good,
b u t I'd lik e to have a re a l c o n v e rs a tio n o u r lo c a l m u s ic is v e ry s p e c ia l, j W e ll, th e re 's p le n ty of good s tu f f on
w ith th e m , i W as th a t in y o u r h o m e , o r ju s t S unday. Do you w a n t m e to see if
i H m , so, d o e s M a sao te a c h you? g e n e ra lly in th e s tre e ts and ... ? th e re are any tic k e ts ?
k N o. He tr ie d io give m e s o m e le s s o n s n It's e v e ry w h e re . You c a n n o t g e t a w a y c Good idea. And do you w a n t to a s k
b u t I ju s t c a n 't s tu d y a t h o m e . I c a n 't fro m m u s ic in T rin id a d . W e have ... anyone else? M aybe Jen?
c o n c e n tra te , w e 'v e c re a te d o u r o w n in s tr u m e n t j Yes, and S ally w o u ld p ro b a b ly lik e
i OK, so w h a t do you do? c a lle d th e s te e l d ru m . A nd you p u t ... to co m e too. M aybe w e co u ld g e t a
k W e ll, I d id n 't w a n t to s to p s tu d y in g , so you ta k e an o il d ru m and you h a m m e r g ro u p tog e th e r,
I s ta r te d g o in g to c la s s e s . it a n d you g e t n o te s o u t o f it. A n d c Yeah, it w o u ld be a go od laug h.
th e y m a k e h u ge o rc h e s tra s ... a n d I
ft'H U I le a rn e d h o w to p la y th e s te e l d ru m
interviewer So K e m a l, y o u 're at 1 hockey, ru n n in g , s k iin g , s w im m in g ,
w h e n I w a s a little g irl,
u n iv e rs ity ? te n n is , yoga
i Do you have one?
kemal Er, yes, I'm s tu d y in g c h e m is try , 2 v o lle y b a ll
n I have o n e in T rin id a d , b u t th e y 're v e ry
b u t 1 a ls o have S p a n is h le s s o n s tw ic e 3 a e ro b ic s , k a ra te
d iffic u lt to tra v e l w ith ,
a w eek, i H ow , ho w big is it?
i S p a n is h ? n E rm , I w o u ld say it's a b o u t - w h a t's interviewer So, ho w did you ge t in to
k Yeah. th is ? - h a lf a m e tre w id e , m a yb e , and b ik in g ?
i A n d w h y is th a t? p ro b a b ly a m e tre high, li W e ll, it s ta rte d w h e n I w a s a k id .
. k B e c a u s e I lik e it. i R ig h t. Er, m y dad had a m o to rb ik e and I
' i OK. n A nd you p la y it w ith s tic k s , so I c o u ld n 't th o u g h t it looke d lik e fu n . T h en 1
k You kno w , I've alw ays lik e d le a rn in g re a lly tra v e l w ith it. B u t T rin id a d re a lly g o t into m o to rb ik e s w h e n I w a s
la n g u a g e s . I s o m e tim e s need E n g lish d e fin ite ly has a lo t of varie ty. We have a te e n a g e r. My fir s t b o y frie n d a ls o h a d
fo r m y s tu d ie s bu t S panish is m y hobby, a lo c a l m u s ic called calypso, w h ic h is a re a lly nice bike, so w e w e n t rid in g in
I guess. I lik e reading in S panish, s im ila r to m u s ic fro m L a tin A m e ric a , th e c o u n try s id e a lo t and, yeah, it w a s
i You m e a n b o o k s ? er, s o rt of a m e re n g u e beat. A nd w e g re a t, er, b u t re a lly I w a n te d to rid e
k N o t b o o k s , no, b u t er, you k n o w , have a lo t of reggae, w h ic h p ro b a b ly you th e bike, no t s it on th e b a ck!
th in g s on th e In te rn e t, s o m e tim e s w o u ld have heard of, fro m Ja m a ica , i OK, and w h a t a b o u t now ?
m a g a z in e s . A n d I love S p a n is h i W h a t's y o u r p e rs o n a l fa v o u rite ? l W ell, la s t ye a r I w ro te a book fo r
c in e m a . O ne day I w a n t to w a tc h n E rm , w e ll I pLay c la s s ic a l p ia n o . I w a s c h ild re n . Er, it w a s ab out a m o th e r w h o
S p a n is h film s w ith o u t th e s u b title s , b ro u g h t up to pla y c la s s ic a l p ia n o , b u t rode a m o to rb ike , a H a rle y-D a vid so n in
i H ave you e v e r been to S pain? n o w a d a y s I p la y m o re C uba n m u s ic fact, so I ju s t had th is m o to rb ik e idea
k A c tu a lly , no. on p ia n o . S on, s a ls a , th in g s lik e th a t, in m y head. Then I decided th a t I re a lly
i A h. ru m b a . w a n te d to learn s o m e th in g new. It
k I'd re a lly lik e to go to S pain, o f c o u rs e , I A n d do you s t i l l p la y th e s te e l d ru m ? d id n 't re a lly m a tte r w h a t b u t I w a n te d
b u t m a y b e a ft e r , fin is h m y s tu d ie s n I have fo rg o tte n so m e . I w o u ld love to to le a rn a new s k ill, you kno w , and the
h e re .
g re a t thin g a b o u t it is, it d o e s n 't take i B u t rig h t n o w y o u 're d o in g a d e g re e , m W e ll, I've n e ve r been v e ry good w ith
very long to (earn. So I saved up som e a r e n 't you? c o m p u te rs , so, er, la s t w e e k I s ig n e d
m oney and I s ta rte d ha vin g lesson s, l Yes, I'm d o in g a d o c to ra te in up f o r an IT s k ills co u rse .
i A nd ho w did th a t go? arch a e o lo g y. A c tu a lly , I'm w r itin g a
l W ell, it w a s a fa s c in a tin g e x p e rie n c e . th e s is on m y w o r k in th e A m a z o n ,
W h a t k in d o f c o u rs e s have you done?
It w a s v e ry d iffic u lt a t fir s t, e r, m u c h i A nd w h e n do you fin is h ?
I've do ne c o u rs e s in m u s ic , er, lo c a l
h a rd e r tha n I e x p e c te d , b u t I en jo yed l I've g o t ju s t on e m o re y e a r to go - I
h is to ry and S pan ish .
it too. At tim e s it w a s q u ite frig h te n in g hope!
I ch o o se th in g s I h a ve n 't stu d ie d b e fo re .
- te rrify in g in fa c t! E r, I p a s s e d m y i A n d w ill you sto p th e n ?
I've ne ver been very good w ith c o m p u te rs .
te s t a fe w m o n th s ago a n d I'm m u c h l S top stu d y in g ?
m o re re la xe d no w , b u t I s t i l l need to i Yes. H as sh e e ve r s tu d ie d S pan ish ?
g e t a lo t m o re e x p e rie n c e , 1 W e ll, I th in k an a rc h a e o lo g is t is Yes, she has.
i So, w h a t is it th a t y ou lik e a b o u t be in g a lw a y s s tu d y in g , so, no, I ' l l n e v e r No, sh e h a s n 't.
on a bike? Do you lik e g o in g fa s t? s to p . It's a w a y o f life f o r m e .
fm
l No. I'm no t in te re s te d in g o in g fa s t.
2
I love it b e cause I fe e l fre e , i can go 1 W h a t s u b je c ts have you alw ays
i P ie rre , you d id n 't lik e s c h o o l m u c h .
w h e re v e r I w a n t to go, an y tim e . So, enjo yed?
W hy w a s th a t?
no, fo r m e, s p e e d is n 't im p o rta n t,
pierre W ell, I d id n 't lik e a lo t o f s u b je c ts 2 W h a t s u b je c ts have you a lw ays b e en
i Do you use y o u r b ik e f o r g e ttin g
a l scho ol, lik e m a th s and scie n ce . I ju s t g o od at?
a ro u n d , g e ttin g to w o r k ... ?
w a s n 't ve ry good at th e m , and I hated
l No, it's too d a n g e ro u s . I've b e en in to
doing exam s and te s ts and so on.
th e to w n c e n tre on m y b ik e o n e o r tw o
i . H m . B u t you w e re in te re s te d in a rt? 3 W h a t's th e m o s t u s e fu l s u b je c t y o u 'v e
tim e s and th e re a re so m a n y c a rs ,
p Yes, I've a lw a ys en jo yed a rt. 0 Q
people, it's te r r ib le . I re a lly lik e rid in g e v e r stu d ie d ?
i So, you le ft s c h o o l w h e n you w e re ... ?
in th e c o u n try s id e on big, e m p ty ro a d s 4 W ho's the be°st te a ch e r you've ever had?
p I le ft s c h o o l w h e n I w a s e ig h te e n . I
w h e re th e re are no c a rs . A n d as you
p a ssed m y e x a m s - ju s t! - and th e n 5 Have you I v e r done a co°urse in y o u r
rid e along you can s m e ll th in g s - not, e 9
I g o t a jo b . T h en, e r, a b o u t tw e n ty fre e tim e ?
you kno w , c a rs , b u t th e tre e s , flo w e rs ,
y e a rs la te r, I d e cid e d I w a n te d to do
the ra in . T h a t's w h a t I re a lly lik e 6 Have you e ve r wrTtten a th e s is o r a
a d e g re e in a rt. So I a p p lie d to s o m e ° .O O
a b o u t it. v e ry long essay?
c o lle g e s and I g o t in to th e S c h o o l of
A rt and D esign in L im o g e s , 7 Have you do ne a lo t of exam s in y o u r
W rite th e na m e o f a s p o rt y o u 're i Oh, and how is it? life ?
in te re s te d in, b u t d o n 't play. p It's a g re a t e x p e rie n c e , c o m p le te ly
8 W h a t's the m o s t d iffic u lt exam y o u 'v e
W rite th e na m e o f a s p o rt you did w h e n d iffe re n t fro m sc h o o l,
you w e re y o u n g e r, b u t d o n 't do no w . i H o w e xa ctly? e v e r pa ssed?
W rite the n a m e o f a s p o rt you re a lly p W e ll, I'm s tu d y in g s o m e th in g I re a lly
d o n 't like . w a n t to stu d y , you kn o w ?
interviewer OK, rig h t. So, it's L a u re n ,
W rite th e na m e o f a s p o rt you lik e to i R ig h t.
is n 't it?
w a tc h on TV. p A n d I'm a lo t o ld e r and m o re
lauren Yes, th a t's rig h t,
W rite th e nam e of a g ro u p o r s in g e r c o n fid e n t, so it's e a s ie r to a sk
i G re a t. Have you go t y o u r fo rm th e re ?
y o u 'd lik e to see in c o n c e rt. q u e s tio n s , ta lk to th e te a c h e rs , th in g s
l Yes, he re you go.
W rite th e na m e of a g ro u p o r s in g e r you lik e th a t.
i A n d did you b rin g a copy of y o u r CV?
loved w h e n you w e re y o u n g e r.
3 l Yes.
W rite th e na m e o f a g ro u p o r s in g e r you
i M a rg a re t, y o u 're a s tu d e n t a t th e i OK. Er, le t’s ju s t have a look. So,
lis te n to a lo t at th e m o m e n t.
U n iv e rs ity of th e T h ird A ge? yo u 've done lo ts of d iffe re n t th in g s !
W rite th e n a m e of a g ro u p o r s in g e r you
Margaret Yes, w e c a ll it th e U3A. S a le s ... a d m in is tra tio n ... and y o u ’ve
re a lly d o n 't lik e .
i U3A. A nd w h a t is th a t exa ctly? w o rk e d in a re s ta u ra n t.
m W e ll,'th e th ir d a g e 'm e a n s it's fo r l Yes, th a t's rig h t. La st s u m m e r.
s p o rt bo rn m o to rb ik e d o c to r w o rk p e o p le o ve r fifty . A n yo n e o v e r fifty can I OK. A nd y o u 're lo o kin g fo r w o rk in ... ?
jo in . We have m e e tin g s and ta lk s in l W e ll, yes, as you can see, I’ve go t
S'M m e m b e rs ’ h o m e s , and w e d o n 't do e x p e rie n c e in sales, a d m in is tra tio n
1 n o rm a l 6 w o rld e x a m s o r g e t d e g re e s . So, you see, and c a te rin g , so I'm lo o kin g fo r w o r k
2 w o rk 7 m o to rw a y it's n o t a ty p ic a l u n iv e rs ity ! in any o f th o se areas really,
3 im p o rta n t 8 w o rd i A n d w h y did you jo in ? i R ig h t. Er, le t's s ta rt w ith c a te rin g .
4 in fo rm a tio n 9 d o c to r m W e ll, I re tire d th re e y e a rs ago. I had a You w o rk e d fo r Cafe C o n ce rto la s t
5 fo rty 10 o rc h e s tra lo t of free tim e , and n o th in g to do. It s u m m e r. W h a t q u a lific a tio n s do you
w a s n 't a very happy tim e , to be ho n e st. have? Do you have any kin d o f foo d
Th e n I read s o m e th in g a b o u t th e U3A sa fe ty o r hyg ie ne c e rtific a te ?
1
and w e n t to a ta lk and it w a s g re a t, l Yes, I’ve got a c e rtific a te in Food S afety
interviewer Lu is , y o u ’re tw e n ty -n in e ...
i H m . W h a t k in d o f c o u rs e s have you fo r C a te rin g . It's le v e l tw o.
luis R ight.
done? i A h, th a t's e x c e lle n t. Have you g o t a
i ... and y o u 're a s tu d e n t?
m Oh, th e re are so m a n y in te re s tin g copy of th a t w ith you?
l W e ll, I w o rk as an a rc h a e o lo g is t bu t,
th in g s . I've done c o u rs e s in m u s ic , l Er, no, so rry.
yeah, I'm a ls o a s tu d e n t, I gu ess,
e rm , lo c a l h is to ry and S p a n ish . I i Oh, th a t's no p ro b le m . C ould you fax it
i R ig h t. W h a t k in d o f a rc h a e o lo g y do
c ho ose th in g s I h a v e n 't s tu d ie d be fore , o ve r la te r today? O r b rin g it in?
you do?
i A nd w h a t's ne xt? l S ure.
L I do-a lo t of w o r k in th e ra in fo re s t, in
i G reat. N ow , a d m in is tra tio n ... H o w are
th e C e n tra l A m a z o n .
you w ith co m p u te rs ?
l W e ll, I have e x p e rie n c e w o r k in g w ith c S o rry , y d o t k a r im a t ... ? l F ine.
W o rd and E xcel, so q u ite go od, I th in k , y F in d a jo b - th a t’s one w o rd - d o t co m b R ig h t, w h a t’s th e n u m b e r?
i OK, go od, a n d m o re g e n e ra lly ... it d o t au.
d o e s n 't s a y h e re , no ... do you have a c OK, so th a t’s y d o t k a r im a t fin d a jo b
waiter Hi, a re you re a d y to o rd e r?
d riv in g lic e n c e ? d o t com d o t au . A n d w h a t w o u ld you
lynn Yes, I th in k so. E rm ... w h a t's th e
l Yes, I do. lik e m e to t e ll h e r?
s o u p o f the day?
i Good. A nd w h a t la n g u a g e s do you y W e ll, I'd lik e to a s k h e r s o m e
w E r, to d a y it's , er, c re a m of m u s h ro o m
speak? q u e s tio n s a b o u t L a u re n G o rd o n , w h a t
sou p.
L E rm , a Little F re n c h an d S p a n is h , w a s she lik e a s a n e m p lo y e e and
l OK, so I 'l l have t h a t ... and, er, th e
i OK. A n d m o re re c e n tly you w o rk e d in th in g s . It w o u ld be g re a t if s h e c o u ld
pa sta, p lea se,
s a le s fo r CSP. Did you e n jo y th a t? p h o n e m e.
w OK. A nd f o r you, s ir?
L Yes, I've b e en in s a le s fo r a y e a r no w c OK, I’l l give h e r th e m e s s a g e a n d a s k
bryan Yeah, c o u ld I have th e c h e e se
a n d I w o rk e d fo r CSP fo r s ix m o n th s . h e r to c o n ta c t you .
s a la d to s t a r t ...
It w a s a n ic e com pany, y T h a n k you . T h a t’s v e ry h e lp fu l,
w C hee se s a la d ...
i So w h y d id you d e c id e to leave? c N o p ro b le m . G oodbye.
b ... and th e n th e ste a k?
l W e l l ... it's q u ite a s m a ll c o m p a n y , you
w F in e, and h o w w o u ld you lik e y o u r
k n o w . I've a lw a y s w a n te d to w o r k fo r
1 Can you s p e a k m o re s lo w ly , p le a se ? s te a k?
a big co m p a n y . I th in k th a t w o u ld be a
2 W h a t w a s y o u r n a m e a g a in , p le a s e ? b E r, m e d iu m , plea se,
g ood e x p e rie n c e fo r m e .
C o u ld you say th a t a g a in , p le a se ? w A ll rig h t. Can I g e t you s o m e th in g to
i OK. N o w ... w h a t w o u ld you say are
S o rry , y d o t k a r im a t ... ? d rin k ?
y o u r s tre n g th s an d w e a k n e s s e s ?
C o u ld you s p e ll th a t fo r m e ? b Do you w a n t s o m e w ine?
L H m , th a t's a d iffic u lt q u e s tio n . W e ll, I'm
OK. l N o t r ig h t n o w a c tu a lly , m aybe la te r.
good at ta lk in g to p e ople, I th in k . A nd
R ig h t. b OK.
I re a lly e n jo y w o rk in g in a te a m . B u t
OK, so th a t’s ... l C an w e have a b o ttle of w a te r?
m a ybe I'm n o t v e ry good a t w o rk in g on
w S u re . S p a rk lin g o r s till?
m y ow n? I p re fe r w o rk in g w ith people,
l Er, s till.
i OK, g re a t. W e ll, I'm s u re w e 'll have la w y e r v is ito r g ra m m a r n e ig h b o u r
b Yep.
s o m e th in g fo r you. W e 'll p u t y o u r
l S till, p lea se,
d e ta ils on o u r s y s te m and see w h a t
d o lla r 6 c o lo u r w OK, th a n k s v e ry m u ch .
w e have. A nd I 'l l ne ed to c o n ta c t y o u r
re fe re n c e s . w in te r 7 com poser
c o m p u te r 8 fo o tb a lle r
s in g e r 9 c a le n d a r Can w e have a b o ttle of w a te r?
clare H e llo , CSP, C la re s p e a k in g . H ow d o c to r 10 te e n a g e r
can I h e lp you?
yusuf Oh, h e llo , m y n a m e 's Y usuf K a rim . C ould I have th e che ese salad lo s ta r t
3 9 0
I'm fro m th e jo b agency, F in d a jo b . u n frie n d ly , frie n d ly ... a n d th e n th e s te a k?
e x p e n s ive , che ap O O , G 0 3 3 9 3
C o uld I s p e a k to Lisa M o ore, ple a se ? OK, so I’ ll have th a t and the pasta,-
c C e rta in ly . C an I a s k you th e re a s o n fo r re la x in g , s tre s s fu l o
in c o n v e n ie n t, c o n v e n ie n t plea se.
th e c a ll? © o
v Of c o u rs e . I'm c a llin g a b o u t an e x - q u ie t, n o isy M e d iu m , plea se.
b o rin g , in te re s tin g
O O
CSP e m p lo y e e , L a u re n G o rd o n . Lisa S till, plea se.
M o o re w a s h e r m a n a g e r, e m p ty , c ro w d e d
Yes, I th in k so. W h a t's th e sou p o f th e
c T h a n k you. L e t m e ju s t see if L is a 's o ld -fa s h io n e d , m o d e rn
day?
a v a ila b le . H e llo ? I'm a fra id s h e 's in a
m e e tin g . Can I ta k e a m e s s a g e ?
lynn' So, w h e re a re you ta k in g m e ?
Y I'm s o rry , th is lin e 's n o t v e ry g o o d . I'd lik e to b o o k a ta b le fo r tw o , p le a se .
bryan W e ll, I’ve had a lo o k in th is g u id e
C o u ld you sa y th a t a g a in , p le a s e ? My p a re n ts co o k a big m e a l fo r n in e
an d, e r, I th in k th e s e th re e lo o k q u ite
c Yes, o f c o u rs e , I'm s o rry . W o u ld you o r te n pe o p le eve ry w e e ke n d .
g o o d . Have a lo o k.
lik e m e to ta k e a m e s s a g e ? C o uld I have th e c h ic k e n in g a rlic
l Hmm.
y ! Yes, p le a s e . sau ce, ple a se ?
b W h a t do you th in k ?
, c Er, w h a t w a s y o u r n a m e a g a in , plea se? T h a t ta b le in th e c o rn e r's fre e. W hy
l W e ll, th e y a ll lo o k nice ... b u t I w e n t to
' y Yes, it's Y u s u f K a rim , d o n 't w e s it th e re ?
B o p h a Devi re c e n tly .
c C o u ld you s p e ll th a t fo r m e ? W o u ld you lik e a b o ttle of w a te r w ith
b OK, th e n , uh , w h a t a b o u t th is one?
y Yes, it's Y usuf w ith a Y, Y -U -S -U -F , y o u r m e a l?
l A b la 's ?
and K a rim is K -A -R -l-M . The w e a th e r w a s g re a t, so w e s a t a t a
b Yeah, I've h e a rd th e food th e r e ’s ve ry
c OK. A n d w h a t's y o u r te le p h o n e ta b le on th e te rra c e .
good.
n u m b e r? T h e re 's a good m e n u w ith lo ts o f
l I d o n 't k n o w ... i t ’s a lo n g w a y fro m
y I 'l l give you m y m o b ile n u m b e r. It ’s oh
h e re . v e g e ta ria n d is h e s and th e s ta ff are
fo u r one tw o , d o u b le five six, tw o oh v e ry frie n d ly .
b OK, e r ... h o w a b o u t The B rid g e ?
seve n. I 'l l have th e s a lm o n w ith rice , p le a se .
l Yeah, w e c o u ld s it o u ts id e . A h, b u t do
c S o rry , can you s p e a k m o re s lo w ly ,
you th in k th e y do v e g e ta ria n foo d?
p le a s e ? r j___
b I'm s u re th e y do.
y Yes, i t ’s oh fo u r one tw o , d o u b le five manuel So h o w a b o u t w e o rg a n is e a
l OK, le t's go to T h e B rid g e . Is th a t OK
s ix , tw o oh seven, b a rb e c u e ?
w ith you?
c R ig h t. A nd h a s Lisa g o t y o u r e m a il eren B a rb e c u e s can be tr ic k y b e ca u se
b S u re , it's y o u r b irth d a y .
a d d re s s ? th a t m e a n s th a t w e have to coo k m e a t
l G re at.
y E r, no . It’s y d o t k a r im a t fin d a jo b d o t and q u ite a fe w pe o p le a re v e g e ta ria n .
b I ' l l c a ll and b o o k a ta b le fo r, say,
co m d o t au. m M m m . T h a t's a th o u g h t.
seve n th ir ty ?
30
sarah We c o u ld do s o m e pa sta
© O 3 3 0 0 3
a lte rn a tiv e , m a ybe? 1 o il 5 to ile t 1 H ow m u c h is it to th e city c e n tre ?
susanne No, w e can p u t v e g g ie s on th e 2 jo in 6 b o y frie n d 3 O 3 3 0 0

b a rb e c u e as w e ll. 2 Can you ta k e m e to th e P ark Inn ?


3 s e lf-e m p lo y e d 7 e m p lo y 0 3 0 3 O ©
e Yeah, th a t c o u ld be ... b u t th e n s o m e 4 a p p o in tm e n t 8 ch o ic e 3 I'd lik e to go to th e a irp o rt, p lea se.
3 0 O 3 0
pe o p le are re a lly s tr ic t th a t th e y d o n 't 4 Can I p u t m y case in th e back?
w a n t, like , an y k in d o f m e a t, fa t and 3 3 0 3 0 8
A m e te r D passenger 5 A n d can I have a re c e ip t, please?
s tu ff being m ix e d w ith ...
saYes, th a t's tru e as w e ll. B fa re E ta x i ra n k
m B u t w e c o u ld have a b a rb ie , w e c o u ld C re c e ip t F ch a n g e
W h a t w a s he d o in g ?
have lik e m u s h ro o m s and th in g s lik e i He w a s s ta n d in g o u ts id e th e te r m in a l.
th is on one b u rn e r and a n o t h e r ... and He w a s n 't lo o k in g v e ry happy.
1
m e a t and s a u s a g e s on a n o th e r p la c e ,
nicola Hi. Er, h o w m u c h is it to th e c ity W ere th e y g o in g back to Canada?
su S e p a ra te d , yeah. c e n tre ? Yes, th e y w e re .
e I th in k th a t w o u ld w o rk if you have
tony E r, th a t d e p e n d s on th e tra ffic . It's N o, th e y w e re n 't.
lik e , yeah ... u s u a lly a b o u t th irty , th ir ty -fiv e d o lla rs .
m D iffe re n t g r ills .
n OK. Can I p u t m y case in th e back?
e Yes, th a t w o u ld w o rk . T h e T e n -D o lla r B ill
t I ' l l do th a t fo r you. So, w h e re a re w e
m So w h a t s h o u ld w e buy? One su n n y m o rn in g a m an was w a lk in g
h e aded ?
e W e ll, sa u s a g e s are nice. th ro u g h the city on his w ay to w o rk . He
n E rm , can you ta k e m e to th e P a rk Inn?
w a s w e a rin g a s m a rt s u it and tie and
y n n t T he P a rk Inn on B ro a d w a y, rig h t?
ta lk in g on his phone. Suddenly, the sun
manuel W hat a b o u t s a la d s ? n U m , yes, th a t's th e one.
w e n t in and it s ta rte d ra in ing heavily.
eren G reek s a la d I can do. t A ll r i g h t ... So, is th is y o u r fir s t tim e in
The m an saw a taxi and started ru n n in g
m Okay, okay. W e need to buy s o m e feta C ana da?
to w a rd s it. As he w as ru nning , a te n -d o lla r
c h e e s e the n. n W e ll, no. I c a m e h e re w ith m y
b ill fe ll fro m his pocket onto the ground,
e Yeah, feta c h e e s e and s o m e b la c k p a re n ts , lik e , fifte e n y e a rs ago b u t I
bu t he d id n 't notice. He got into the cab,
o liv e s and, e rm , o liv e o il. d o n 't re m e m b e r m u c h .
s h u t the door, and the cab drove away.
m V e ry im p o rta n t. W h a t a b o u t d e s s e rt? t R ig h t, so w h a t b rin g s you b a ck h e re?
susanne N ow th is is g e ttin g to o m u c h t H e re w e are. T h e P a rk Inn.
*1111
now. n T h a n k s . Er, h o w m u c h is it? osman W ell, e r, I w as tra v e llin g to the
m W e ll, it d e p e n d s . A lo t o f p e o p le are t T h irty -o n e fifty , plea se. USA on b u sin ess and, uh, I got a
go in g to com e, n J u s t m a ke it th ir ty - fiv e d o lla rs . pla n e fro m G erm any, fro m F ra n k fu rt.
su W e ll, th e n ke e p it easy and s im p le . Ice t T h a n k s ve ry m u c h ... A nd h e re 's y o u r A nyw ay I w a s ju s t reading the a irlin e
c re a m ? c h a n g e , fifte e n d o lla rs . m a g a zin e and re la xing, w hen s u d d e n ly
m W h a t a b o u t fr u it? M e lo n s ? n OK. T h a n k s . so m e la te p a sse n g e rs a rrived. A fe w of
t N o w , le t's ge t y o u r case. th e m cam e in to B usiness Class, w h e re
I w a s s ittin g . One of the m was th is
matt W e ll, in m y fa m ily w e u s u a lly ea t 2
re a lly big guy w ith a huge beard and
to g e th e r in th e e v e n in g , e rm , m a ybe dan H e llo . T he R oyal B a n k o n H ow e
su n g la s s e s . He w as w e a rin g a b la c k
pa sta, s alad , c h ic k e n . E veryo ne s its S tre e t, plea se.
b ik e r ja c k e t, b la ck le a th e r tro u s e rs
a ro u n d th e ta b le and e a ts and ta lk s tony OK.
and he had a lo t of tatto o s. He looke d
a b o u t e v e ry th in g - w h a t w e did th a t
t OK, t h a t 'll be e ig h t d o lla rs and fifty kin d of scary, a ctu ally. Anyway, he sa t
day, ho w w e f e e l ... e rm , o u r p la n s fo r
ce n ts . do w n ne xt to m e and before I cou ld
th e n e x t day, th e food ... w h a te v e r. I
d A c tu a lly , c o u ld you w a it h e re fo r five p re te n d to fa ll asleep, he in tro d u ce d
d o n 't k n o w w h a t o th e r p e o p le do b u t
'm in u te s ? I ju s t have to g e t so m e h im s e lf and w e had a good chat. He
I se n d m y k id s to w a s h th e ir h a n d s
p a p e rs . w a s a nice guy. In te re stin g . His n a m e
b e fo re d in n e r. Er, F rid a y e v e n in g s are
t W e ll, OK, b u t can you pay m e firs t? w a s B e rn d , I th in k , bu t it w as a long
a b it m o re re la x e d . If w e 're a t h o m e ,
d Of c o u rs e ... h e re 's te n . I ' l l be b a ck in tim e ago. Then, recently, I w as in
w e u s u a lly have a q u ic k m e a l in fro n t G e rm a n y ag ain and, er, I tu rn e d on th e
fiv e m in u te s .
o f th e TV ... pizza o r C h in e s e food
t OK. te le v is io n and th e re he w as, on a n e w s
o r s o m e th in g . N o one re a lly ta lk s .
d T h a n k s fo r w a itin g . OK, I'd lik e to go p ro g ra m m e . H e's a top m a n a g e r fo r
E ve ryo n e 's a b it tire d by Friday. th e H a rle y-D a vid so n clo th in g c o m p a n y
to th e a irp o rt, p lea se.
carlos Er, in m y fa m ily w e a ll have in G erm any, and he w as speaking
t OK. W h ic h te r m in a l?
b re a k fa s t a t d iffe re n t tim e s b e cause at so m e big con fere nce. And he w a s
d D o m e s tic , p lea se.
w e a lt g e t up a t d iffe re n t tim e s . L a te r s t ill w e a rin g his b ik e r clothes, so I
t A ll rig h t, th e d o m e s tic t e r m i n a l ... So
in th e day, if w e have g u e s ts , w e re co g n ise d h im im m e d ia te ly.
y o u 're g o in g s o m e w h e re on b u sin e ss,
u s u a lly have a ... you k n o w , a b u ffe t-
rig h t? annie I w e n t to M o n tp e llie r, er, one o r
s ty le d in n e r ... a n d e v e ry o n e ch o o s e s
o Yeah, I've g o t s o m e m e e tin g s in tw o y e a rs ago. I w as lookin g fo r a little
th in g s fro m a sid e ta b le an d the n
C a lg a ry. re s ta u ra n t to eat on m y own. It w as
ta k e s th e ir food to th e m a in ta b le . My So do you w o r k fo r th e b a n k?
t in F e b ru a ry b u t in M o n tp e llie r it w as
m u m says bon a p p e tit b e fo re w e s ta r t
t OK, th a t's th ir ty - fiv e d o lla r s and 75 re a lly nice w e a th e r so you could ea t
e a tin g b u t th a t's a ll. A nd d u rin g th e ou tsid e . So I sa t at a tab le fo r tw o. At
c e n ts .
m e a l, w e ta lk a b o u t w o r k and fa m ily
d A n d can I have a re c e ip t, p le a se ? one p o in t a m a n a rrive d and th e re w a s
and fo o tb a ll and d iffe re n t th in g s b u t
t S u re ... h e re you are . H ave a sa fe trip o n ly one ta b le fo r five available, so he
w e d o n 't u s u a lly ta lk a b o u t th e foo d.
now. asked m e if he could s it at my tab le,

CUES d T h a n k s , bye. e rm , and w e sta rte d having a chat.


e n jo y e m p lo y e e n o is y b o il He w as a re a lly nice person. He w a s
fro m S w itz e rla n d and he w a s s tu d y in g , a Can I see y o u r s tu d e n t card?
e r, F rench , e rm , in M o n tp e llie r, so I A a c a s h m a c h in e D n o te s t S u re . H e re you are.
s ta rte d te a c h in g h im a b it. We m e t B b ills E c o in s a T h a t's fin e . T h a t's tw o fifty , p le a se .
s e v e ra l tim e s w h e n 1w a s th e re and, C cash F a c a rd t OK.
e rm , ne xt to M o n tp e lL ie r th e re is a nice a S o rry , do you have a n y th in g s m a lle r ?
to w n , n e xt to th e sea, e rm , so w e , w e t I'm s o rry , no, th a t's a ll I've g o t.
had a day tr ip th e re and, and th a t's it thiago H e llo . Do you have S c o ttis h a T h a t's OK. T h a t's th re e , fo u r, fiv e , te n ,
re ally. W e be cam e pen frie n d s b u t of pounds? th ir ty , fifty po u n d s. A nd h e re 's y o u r
c o u rs e I have m y b o y frie n d a t h o m e assistant Er, no, w e d o n 't, b u t E n g lis h tic k e t and a g u id e to th e m u s e u m
so, e rm , th a t's it. p o u n d s are OK in S c o tla n d . e x h ib its .
t Oh, OK. Can I c h a n g e th e s e e u ro s , t T h a n ks ve ry m u ch .
ple a se ?
astrid W h e n I w a s le a rn in g F re n c h , a Of c o u rs e . T h a t's fifty , a h u n d re d , and
o n ce Ik n e w a fe w b a s ic w o rd s , I lik e d fifty , s ixty, se ve n ty, e ig h ty. T h a t's a 1 A n y th in g else?
re a d in g c h ild r e n 's b o o k s . I fo u n d it h u n d re d and e ig h ty e u ro s , yes? 2 H ow m u ch is tha t?
v e ry u s e fu l, b e c a u s e th e s e n te n c e s t Yes, th a t's rig h t. 3 Can I pay by card?
a re v e ry s im p le . a R ig h t, th a t's ... a h u n d re d a n d fifty 4 W o u ld you lik e a bag?

tom W h e n I w a s le a rn in g G e rm a n , I p o u n d s . H e re you a re . 5 C o uld I have th e b ill?

used to c h a n g e th e la n g u a g e on m y t S o rry , do you have an y s m a lle r n o te s ? 6 H ow w o u ld you lik e to pay?


c o m p u te r g a m e s to G e rm a n . T h e n a N o p ro b le m . A re tw e n tie s OK? 7 Do you ta k e cards?

I c o u ld p re te n d to m y p a re n ts th a t 1 t T h a t's g re a t, th a n k s . 8 Can I see y o u r s tu d e n t card?


w a s le a rn in g , in s te a d o f p la y in g . B u t 9 Do you have a n y th in g s m a lle r?
it re a lly did h e lp m e le a rn .
1
masha W h e n 1 le a rn a fo re ig n la n g u a g e , assistant H e llo , can I h e lp ? G ra m e e n 's c u s to m e rs have to m a k e
I lik e w a tc h in g DVDs in th a t la n g u a g e , thiago Yes, I 'l l ta k e th e s e p o s tc a rd s , g ro u p s o f five pe ople.
e r, w ith s u b title s on so I c a n , er, p le a s e . 2 T h ey d o n 't have to be w o m e n .
p a u s e a n d lo o k in a d ic tio n a ry OK. 3 T h ey c a n 't u s u a lly g e t c re d it fro m
w h a t th e w o rd m e a n s an d see h o w A n d , e r, do you have any m a p s ? n o rm a l b a n ks.
it's s p e lt. A n d a ls o w h e n I w a s in I'm s o rry , w e d o n ’t have a n y m a p s a t 4 T hey can ge t b ig g e r loans if th e y
G e rm a n y le a rn in g G e rm a n I c h a n g e d th e m o m e n t. You c o u ld tr y n e x t do or. m a k e a ll th e ir re p a y m e n ts .
th e m e n u o f m y m o b ile p h o n e in to OK.
G e rm a n , so th a t h e lp e d . A n y th in g else ?
megan W hen you go o ve r to s o m e o n e 's
No, th a t's a ll, th a n k s . H o w m u c h is
h o u se fo r d in n e r in C anada, you
th a t?
valerie Good m o rn in g , can you ta k e m e s h o u ld p ro b a b ly ask ahead of tim e
E ig h t p o s tc a rd s . T h a t c o m e s to s ix
to th e H o lid a y inn, ple a se ? if you can b rin g s o m e th in g w ith you,
p o u n d s fo rty , p le a se .
tony S ure . W h ic h one? ju s t to be nice. E rm , and you s h o u ld
C an I pay by card?
v Er, th e one on B ro a d w a y , p le a s e . p ro b a b ly s h o w up w ith a g ift. M a ybe
I’ m a fra id no t, no. T h e re 's a cash
you can b rin g a b o ttle of w in e , o r
t So, w h a t b rin g s you to V a n c o u v e r? m a c h in e ju s t a r o u n d —
m a ybe s o m e flo w e rs , s o m e th in g lik e
v I have s o m e o ld frie n d s h e re . A c tu a lly , N o, it's OK, I've go t s o m e ca sh , I th in k .
th a t. The o th e r th in g to re m e m b e r
w e w e re a t u n iv e rs ity to g e th e r. T h a n k you. A nd th a t's 60 p e nce
is th a t you have to ta ke y o u r s h o e s
t So it's n o t y o u r fir s t tim e h e re ? change.
o ff w h e n you g e t to th e house. D o n 't
v Oh, no. I v is it eve ry th re e o r fo u r t Thanks.
w e a r y o u r sho es in sid e .
m o n th s . A W o u ld you lik e a bag?
t R ig h t. So you lik e it h e re ? Er, yes, p lea se. yukio OK, w h e n you go to a J a p a n e s e
T
v Yes. In fa c t, I'd re a lly lik e to liv e h e re . ho t s p rin g , th e re a re a fe w ru le s .
A T h e re you are. Bye now.
t Oh, yea h? W h e re do you liv e ? T G oodbye. W om e n go to the w o m e n 's a re a and
v In M o n tre a l. W e ll, a c tu a lly , I've g o t a 2 m e n to th e m e n 's area. F irs t, you go
s m a ll b u s in e s s th e re . waitress H ow w a s y o u r m e a l? in to th e w a s h in g ro o m . H ere yo u w a s h
t ■' R e a lly? W h a t do you do? E v e ry th in g OK? y o u rs e lf w ith a to w e l and lo ts o f so a p .
v I o w n a c o u p le of re s ta u ra n ts . thiago It w a s v e ry n ice, th a n k you. T h e n you have to w a s h o ff a ll th e soap

w W o u ld you lik e to see th e d e s s e rt so you a re re a lly cle a n . A fte r th a t,


U you can g e t in to th e ho t s p rin g . The
m enu?
r ig h t n e ig h b o u rs w a te r's q u ite hot, so you s h o u ld n 't
t N o, th a n k s ,
n ig h t bought sta y in it too long . You can g e t o u t and
w M a ybe s o m e c o ffe e ?
frig h te n in g th ro u g h re s t fo r a w h ile and th e n go b a c k in.
t E r, no, th a t's OK. C o uld I have th e b ill?
e ig h t s tr a ig h t W h a t else? W e ll, you c a n 't m a k e a lo t
w C e rta in ly . H ow w o u ld you lik e to pay?
t Do you ta k e ca rd s? of no ise . The s p rin g s h o u ld be a q u ie t

w Yes, o f c o u rs e . J u s t o n e m o m e n t, p la c e w h e re p e ople can ju s t re la x .


H I enough la u g h
/ g / y o g h u rt s p a g h e tti w C an you typ e in y o u r PIN a n d p re s s
'E N T E R ', p lea se. 1
t E r, rig h t.
a W hen can w e m e et? T o m o rro w ?
1 lig h t 6 flig h t
w A n d th e re 's y o u r re c e ip t. T h a n k s v e ry S unday?
2 th o u g h t 7 s p a g h e tti
m uch. b It d o e s n 't re a lly m a tte r. I'm fre e a ll
3 e ig h te e n 8 d a u g h te r
t Thanks. w e e ke n d .
k n e ig h b o u rh o o d 9 fr ig h te n in g
3 2
5 enough 10 to n ig h t
assistant Good m o rn in g .
a I’ m s o r ry I’ m la te ! W h e re 's th e
thiago Hi. One s tu d e n t, p le a se .
m e e tin g ?
b D o n 't w o r r y a b o u t it. T he m e e tin g E d o in g th e c o o k in g p e o p le re a lly need. C ould I a s k you
h a s n 't s ta rte d yet. F m a k in g th e bed s o m e q u e s tio n s ? W e ’d re a lly va lu e
3 y o u r o p in io n ,
fÜ ll!
a Do yo u lik e p a rtie s ? s E r, yes, OK.
jeevan The s u m m e r m o n th s in India
b It d e p e n d s . G e n e ra lly yes, b u t n o t I T h a n k you. It’ll on ly take a few m in u te s ,
can a c tu a lly be quite d a n g e ro u s ; it's
w h e n th e re a re too m a n y p e ople. s N o p ro b le m .
so h o t b e fo re th e ra in s com e. The
4 i R ig h t. So, e rm , do you use a fitn e s s
m o s t im p o rta n t th in g is to d rin k a
a Do you w a n t to co m e to th e c in e m a c e n tre a t th e m o m e n t?
lo t, to c o ve r up w hen you go o u tsid e ,
to n ig h t? s E r, yes, s o m e tim e s ,
to co ve r y o u r head. Y o u 'll see Ind ian
b M m , I’ m n o t s u re I have tim e . I 'l l th in k i W h e re is th a t, if you d o n 't m in d m e
m e n and w o m e n w e a rin g lo n g c lo th e s
a b o u t it, OK? a s k in g ?
w h ic h co ve r eve ryth in g , in c lu d in g th e ir
5 s T h a t's OK, I go to th e M eanw ood
a r m s and legs. Only to u ris ts w e a r
a H ave w e go t any food at h o m e ? F itn e s s C e n tre in K e n t Town,
s h o rts and T - s h irts in the h o t sun. On
b N o t re a lly ... w e 'v e g o t s o m e m ilk in i R ig h t, and w h a t do you th in k of it?
s u m m e r a fte rn o o n s in K o lk a ta , w h e re
th e frid g e . T h a t's it. s W e ll, to be ho n e st, it's no t th a t good,
I live, th e s tre e ts are e m p ty because
6 i Yes? W hy is th a t?
it's .to o h o t to go out, so m o s t people
a W h a t tim e do 1 have to s ta r t w o rk ? s W e ll, th e p o o l's OK, b u t it cou ld be
are e ith e r at w o rk o r at ho m e , a slee p.
b It's up to you. B u t you have to be he re b igg er. And th e re s h o u ld be tim e fo r
A lo t of pe o p le use a ir c o n d itio n in g b u t
e ig h t h o u rs a day. a d u lts only. I'd p re fe r w o m e n -o n ly
it's exp ensive. N o t eve ryone can a ffo rd
c la s s e s as w e ll,
it. C old d rin k s lik e m ango panna are
i OK, I 'l l m a ke a no te of th a t. Ah, w h a t
john W h a t do you th in k a b o u t th is re a lly po pular. T h is is a d r in k m a de
a b o u t th e fa c ilitie s ?
a r tic le ? I th in k I a g re e . You s h o u ld n 't fro m u n rip e m a n g o e s; it re a lly h e lp s to
s W e ll, th e fa c ilitie s c o u ld d e fin ite ly be
t e ll p e o p le h o w m u c h you e a rn . c o o l y o u r body.
b e tte r too . I d o n 't m in d th e ch a n g in g
hayley W hy n o t? 1t e l l p e o p le h o w m u c h vasily I live in M oscow , in R ussia. ro o m s b u t I'd m u ch ra th e r have
I e a rn ! O u r w in te r s la s t fro m , e r, a b o u t p riv a te s h o w e rs ,
j R e a lly ? N o v e m b e r to M a rch and w e ge t i P riv a te s h o w e rs . R ight. Now, w e 're
h Yeah, s u re . W hy not? q u ite a lo t o f snow . In J a n u a ry and p la n n in g to have a sau na. A re you
j It ju s t s e e m s re a lly ... I d o n 't kno w . F e b ru a ry , it's u s u a lly m in u s five to in te re s te d in usin g a sauna?
h I m e a n , I d o n 't t e ll pe o p le w h e n I fir s t m in u s te n d e g re e s C e ls iu s b u t it can s Er, w e ll, m a ybe. B u t I th in k I'd r a th e r
m e e t th e m . I d o n 't say, 'H i, m y n a m e 's g e t a lo t c o ld e r, even d o w n to m in u s have a n ic e r p o o l th a n a sauna.
H ayley and I e a rn fifty th o u s a n d th ir ty . OK, m a yb e it is n ’t as cold as I OK. E rm , h o w o fte n do you go to th e
d o lla rs a y e a r.' B u t if it's p a rt o f th e S ib e ria , b u t it's co ld e n o u g h ! You have fitn e s s c e n tre ?
c o n v e rs a tio n , th e n , s u re . It's p a rt of to w e a r lo ts o f big, heavy c lo th e s and s W e ll, I tr y to go once a w eek, b u t I'd
m y life , it's p a rt o f w h o I am . b o o ts and, e r, e v e ry th in g ta k e s lo n g e r lik e to go m o re often,
j R e a lly? In th e UK, in g e n e ra l, I d o n 't ... p u ttin g c lo th e s on to go o u t, ta k in g i U h -h u h . And h o w long do you u s u a lly
th in k p e ople lik e to say ho w m u ch the y th e m o ff w h e n you g e t in s id e . A nd you s p e n d th e re ?
e a rn . It’s ju s t m o re priva te , m aybe. have to be m o re c a re fu l on the ro a d s s E rm , a b o u t an h o u r and a ha lf, I
to o b e ca u se th e y can be icy. E veryone su p p o s e . I u s u a lly s w im fo r h a lf an
h a s to c a r ry an e m e rg e n c y k it in th e h o u r, th e n go to the gym fo r a bit.
c o n v e rs a tio n e x p re s s io n m u s ic ia n
c a r, so if th e c a r s to p s y o u 'll be OK. i OK. And w h ic h m a c h in e s do you
CSS® T h e s e days a to t of you ng p e ople p r e fe r u sin g in th e gym ?
1 e d u c a tio n 6 a c tio n p r e fe r to e sca p e th e w in te r and go to s W e ll, I g e n e ra lly use th e ru n n in g and
2 d is c u s s io n 7 e le c tric ia n m u c h h o tte r c o u n trie s lik e E gypt and ro w in g m a c h in e s .
3 in fo rm a tio n 8 p ro m o tio n T u rk e y ; b u t m o s t p e ople I k n o w s p e n d
h a lf th e w in te r a t h o m e w a tc h in g TV. £
4 e x p re s s io n 9 o rg a n is a tio n
M e? I lik e to g e t o u t o f th e c ity and go 1 h fre e 5 g h a ir
5 p o litic ia n 10 in tro d u c tio n
s k iin g . B u t I th in k w e a ll lo o k fo rw a rd 2 c sh o p p in g 6 f e n ergy

to th e N e w Y ear c e le b ra tio n s , w h ic h 3 d c u r re n t 7 b stay


1 H ow m a n y b o oks do you have a t hom e? 4 e b e st 8 a her
a re re a lly fu n and h e lp us to get
2. H ow m a n y h o u rs a w e e k do you w o rk
th r o u g h o u r lo n g w in te rs .
; o r s tu d y ?
*1 11 1 1 g ym 6 cle a n in g
3 H ow m a n y e m a ils do you ge t every day?
You have to be m o re c a re fu l on the ro ads. 2 th u n d e rs to rm 7 ra in b o w
4 H ow m a n y c u p s o f c offee o r tea do
T h a t's h o tte r th a n th e s u rfa c e o f th e su n . 3 c y c lin g 8 v a c u u m in g
you d r in k a day?
The h e a v ie s t h a ils to n e fe ll in B a n g la d e s h 4 c h o re s 9 to rn a d o
5 H o w m a n y k ilo m e tre s do you d riv e in
in 1986. 5 c lo u d s 10 w o rk in g
a ty p ic a l m o n th ?
6 H ow m a n y m in u te s does it ta k e you to The m o s t im p o rta n t th in g is to d rin k a lo t. £IS ®
g e t to th is class? It w e ig h e d one k ilo g ra m and w a s as 1
7 H ow m a n y tim e s have you tra v e lle d by la rg e as a m e lo n .
bill W o u ld you m in d a n s w e rin g a fe w
a e ro p la n e ? It is n 't as cold as S ib e ria . q u e s tio n s , ple a se ? It w o n 't take lo n g .
8 H o w m a n y p e ople liv e in y o u r h o m e sheila Er, yes, th a t's OK.
to w n ? b T h a n k you. A re you happy w ith th e
interviewer E xcuse m e, do you have a
fe w m in u te s ? fitn e s s c e n tre g e n e ra lly ?
W e l l ... s E rm , w e ll, it c o u ld be better.
A d o in g th e v a c u u m in g sally

i W e 're o p e n in g a ne w fitn e s s c e n tre b Oh. I see. Do you th in k you co u ld t e ll


B c le a n in g th e w in d o w s
a n d w e 'd lik e to fin d o u t w h a t lo c a l m e a b it m o re ?
C d o in g th e d u s tin g
D d o in g th e iro n in g
s W e ll, to be h o n e s t, th e p o o l is n 't s E rm , I d o n 't kno w . Have you g o t a
a lw a y s v e ry c le a n . A nd th e s ta f f d o n 't fa s h io n a b le 6 s e n s ib le m a p o r s o m e th in g ?
s e e m v e ry in te re s te d . m e m o ra b le 7 e n jo y a b le t Yes, w e have. H e re you are. E r, it h a s
b Oh dear. W e ll, I’l l d e fin ite ly t e l l th e a v a ila b le 8 c o m fo rta b le a ll th e s ig h ts on i t ...
m a n a g e r. te r r ib le 9 h o r r ib le s A h. T h a n k s . Can you re c o m m e n d
2 p o s s ib le 10 im p o s s ib le so m e th in g s to see?
ben H i. I w o n d e r if you c o u ld c h a n g e t W e ll, one of th e m o s t p o p u la r th in g s
th is te n fo r m e. I need s o m e c o in s fo r to see is A n n e F ra n k 's ho use. T h a t's
t o u r is t o f f ic e r C an I h e lp you? he re.
th e tic k e t m a c h in e .
clo d ag h S o rry , b u t I'd r a th e r n o t. P e o p le L iz z y Oh, yes, p le a se . H ow can I g e t to s Ah, of co u rs e . I've heard of her.
are a lw a y s a s k in g m e fo r c h a n g e . A n n e F ra n k 's h o use? t Yes, th is is th e h o use w h e re s h e w ro te
b Oh. t Oh, you can w a lk fro m h e re . It's v e ry th e fa m o u s diary. E rm , th e re a re o fte n
c P e rh a p s y o u 'd lik e to bu y s o m e th in g ? easy. L e t m e s h o w you on th e m a p . long qu eues, u n fo rtu n a te ly , so th e
b E rm , no, no t re a lly . l OK. be st tim e to go is e a rly e ve ning,
3 t W e 're ne xt to th e m a in tra in s ta tio n . s W e ll, th a t s h o u ld be OK. It s o u n d s
P h il H e re 's y o u r d r in k . S o rry it to o k so l Yeah. in te re s tin g .
t Go o u t of h e re and tu r n le ft. Go d o w n Yes, if y o u 're in te re s te d in h is to ry , it's
long. t

Ca t h e r in e So, w h a t do you th in k o f th e th e big s tre e t. It's c a lle d D a m ra k . d e fin ite ly a good place to v is it. OK,
ga m e? l OK. e r, w e have a lo t of m u s e u m s . So,
t Y o u 'll go p a st a big b u ild in g o n y o u r if you lik e a rt, th e re 's the Van G og h
p E rm , it's a b it b o rin g ,
le ft, th e B e u rs . m u s e u m here,
c B o rin g ?
p W e ll, you k n o w I'm n o t re a lly L OK. s A h, rig h t. Er, do you s e ll tic k e ts ?
in te re s te d in fo o tb a ll, t If you c o n tin u e a lo n g D a m ra k , y o u ’ ll t I'm a fra id w e d o n 't, no. Er, th e re 's
c So s h o u ld w e go? T h e s e c o n d h a lf co m e to th e D am . also a scie n ce m u s e u m - NEMO.
s ta r ts in tw o m in u te s , l T h a t’s th e big s q u a re , rig h t? T h a t's he re,
p No, you s ta y h e re . I 'l l do s o m e t T h a t's rig h t. Y o u 'll see th e N a tio n a l s H m , m aybe n o t th is tim e , b u t th e Van
s h o p p in g , th e n c o m e b a c k in an h o u r, M o n u m e n t on y o u r le ft, an d th e R oyal Gogh m u s e u m s o u n d s good. E rm ...
P a la ce on y o u r rig h t. w h a t a b o u t th is ? I d o n 't k n o w h o w to
OK?
c W e ll, OK. See you la te r. l R ig h t. say it. The G ardens?
t So, tu r n rig h t and go p a s t th e p a la c e . t Ah, yes, The K e u k e n h o f G arden s.
T h e n go alo n g R a a d h u is s tra a t, h e re , T h e y 're ve ry nice bu t th e y 're n o t
1 Can you a n s w e r a fe w q u e s tio n s ? fo r a b o u t five h u n d re d m e tre s . a c tu a lly in A m s te rd a m ,
W o u ld you m in d a n s w e rin g a fe w l OK. s Ah.
q u e s tio n s , please? t W h e n you g e t to th e c a n a l c a lle d t You have to ge t a tra in and th e n a bus,
2 Can you c h a n g e th is te n fo r m e ? P rin s e n g ra c h t, tu r n r ig h t. T h e h o u s e it ta k e s a b o u t an hour,
I w o n d e r if you c o u ld c h a n g e th is te n is by th e c a n a l, ju s t he re . s H m , OK. I th in k th a t’s too far.
fo r m e. l T h a t s o u n d s p re tty easy. Is it fa r? t R ight, w h a t else? E rm ...
3 Can you t e ll m e a b it m o re ? t No, tw o k ilo m e tre s , m a yb e a b it le ss. s A c tu a lly , I th in k th a t's , er, p ro b a b ly
Do you th in k you c o u ld t e ll m e a b it It's a nice w a lk . e n o u g h . T h a n k s v e ry m u ch .
m o re ? l T h a t's g re a t. T h a n k s f o r a ll y o u r h e lp . t No p ro b le m . Have a nice day.
U No, I d o n 't w a n t to. t Y o u 're w e lc o m e . Is th e re a n y th in g s T h a n ks.
S o rry , b u t I'd ra th e r no t. e ls e I can h e lp you w ith ?
5 No, I d o n 't need a n y th in g . l No th a n k s , th a t's fin e .
No, n o t re ally. a R ob! Can you a n s w e r th e d o o r? I’ m
6 The p o o l is dirty. d o in g th e w a s h in g up.
The p o o l is n ’t a lw a y s v e ry c le a n . o f h e re and tu r n le ft. b Yeah, OK. W ho is it?
7 T he s ta ff a r e n ’t in te re s te d . a I t 'll be Leona. I invited h e r fo r a coffee.
The s ta ff d o n 't s e e m v e ry in te re s te d . a D o n ’t fo rg e t, i t ’s D e ite r's b irth d a y on
T u rn r ig h t^ a n d go p a st th e p a la c e .
8 It's b o rin g . Monday.
Y o u 'll go p a s t^ a big b u ild ing_^o n y o u r
It's a b it b o rin g . A h, yes. H ow old is he?
le ft, th e B e u rs.
9 I'm n o t in te re s te d in fo o tb a ll. H e 'll be tw e n ty -fiv e , I th in k .
Y o u 'll see th e N a tio n a l M o n u m e n tw on
I'm n o t re a lly in te re s te d in fo o tb a ll.
y o u r le ft^ a n d th e R oyal Palace_ on
y o u r rig h t.
sue Yes? I 'l l have th e pa sta, please.
andre It's A n d re . I w a n t to t a lk to Sue. Fin e. A nd w o u ld you lik e s o m e th in g to
t o u r is t o f f ic e r H e llo , can I h e lp you ?
s T h is is Sue, bu t I'm busy. C a ll m e la te r. d rin k ?
sergei Yes. E rm , I’ve o n ly g o t o n e fre e
a T o m o rro w ?
day to see th e s ig h ts in A m s te rd a m ,
s No. I d o n 't w o rk on S u n d a ys. A re you OK? You d o n 't lo o k w e ll.
and I w a s w o n d e rin g , do you o rg a n is e
a M o nday a fte rn o o n ? H m , it's v e ry h o t in he re!
to u rs o f th e city?
s OK. C a ll m e at th e o ffic e . T he m o b ile 's
t Er, yeah, w e can, b u t it's q u ite e a sy to
e xp ensive. H e llo ?
ge t a ro u n d th e c ity on y o u r o w n .
a OK. Bye. Hi, Ja n . It’s L a u re n ce .
s OK.
t B u t, e rm , yo u 've o n ly g o t one day? S orry, I can 't ta lk now. I'm in a m e e tin g .

c o m fo rta b le a v a ila b le p o s s ib le T h a t's no t e n o u g h !


s e n s ib le s Yes, I k n o w , I have to le a ve f ir s t th in g
to m o rr o w , so ...
t OK, w e ll, e r, w h a t w o u ld you lik e to do?

164
s Er, yea h, th e re are s o m e he re, c H m . Do you th in k y o u 'll ge t an y m o re ?
n a t a l ie W hen I go tra v e llin g , w h ic h c Oh, yes. Can I have a lo o k a t th o s e s Yes, I ge t th e m in q u ite o fte n , so you
I re a lly lik e to do a lo t, I th in k it's o n es th e re ? c o u ld try ag a in in a fe w w e e ks.
v e ry im p o rta n t to tr y to s p e a k th e s T h e se big on es?
la n g u a g e of th e p e o p le o f th e c o u n try c N o, th e s m a lle r ones, ju s t th e re ...
anna I th in k m y fa v o u rite th in g is m y TV,
y o u 're v is itin g . I th in k it's a good T h a t's rig h t,
b e ca u se I w a tc h TV every day fo r o n e
w a y of g e ttin g to k n o w p e o p le and c H o w m u c h do you w a n t fo r th e m ?
h o u r o r tw o h o u rs . I lik e to w a tc h m y
u n d e rs ta n d in g a b it m o re . s A h, th e s e o n e s are th ir ty -fiv e ,
fa v o u rite p ro g ra m m e s . And it h e lp s
paula Yeah, b u t s o m e tim e s d o n 't you c W o u ld you ta k e tw e n ty ?
m e re la x a fte r a long day at w o rk .
th in k th a t m a k e s c o n v e rs a tio n a bit s I can ta k e th irty ,
s lo w , lik e if y o u ’re w a lk in g a ro u n d w ith c E rm ... th a n k s , b u t I 'l l leave th e m , alba M y m o s t tre a s u re d p o sse ssio n s
a little d ic tio n a ry and you have to s o rt a re m y b o o ks. I've had so m e o f th e m
c E xcuse m e?
of lo o k up w o rd s every tim e you w a n t to s in c e I w a s five. They w e re given
s ta llh o ld er 3 Yeah, do you need s o m e
say s o m e th in g and if th e o th e r p e rson to m e by m y m o th e r and th e y've
h e lp ?
sp e a k s y o u r la n g u a g e th e n m aybe i t ’s tra v e lle d w ith m e fro m V ene zuela
c Yes, h o w m u c h is th a t le a th e r ja c k e t?
to S co tla n d , th e n to Italy, th e n to
ju s t e a s ie r to, y ou kno w , s p e a k the s T h e re d on e?
la n g u a g e th a t you both sha re. A u s tria , th e n to th e UK. W h e re v e r I
c Yeah.
Yeah, th in k y o u 're r ig h t in th a t way. go, th e lo n g e r I live, th e m o re b o o k s I
n I s A h, i t ’s s e v e n ty -fiv e ,
I k n o w w h e n I go to F ra n c e even if b u y and th e y ju s t p ile up. I have b o x e s
c Is it s e c o n d -h a n d o r ... ?
I s p e a k F re n c h th e pe o p le re p ly to u p o n boxes and th e y w ill go w ith m e
s No, w e d o n ’ t have an y s e c o n d -h a n d
e v e ry w h e re I go. I love m y books.
m e in E n g lis h b e c a u s e I d o n 't s p e a k c lo th e s . A ll o u r s tu ff's new.
F re n c h w e ll e n o u g h , b u t I th in k c. OK. c l a u d ia E rm , one of m y fa v o u rite th in g s
it's w ro n g to go to a c o u n try and s B u t th e re a re s o m e s e c o n d -h a n d I ow n is m y p a ssp o rt. It, e rm , I u se it
e x p e c t pe o p le to s p e a k to yo u in y o u r s ta lls ju s t o v e r th e re , if th a t's w h a t a lo t and it ha s a lo t of s ta m p s fro m
la n g u a g e . I th in k if th e y a re w illin g , y o u 're lo o k in g for. d iffe re n t c o u n trie s in it because I
th e n it's OK. c No, no, it's OK. E rm , so w h a t size is it? tra v e l a lo t. I need it fo r w o rk b u t
p Yeah, probab ly. Y ou're p ro b a b ly rig h t, s I 'l l have a lo o k fo r you . E rm , it's a I a ls o need it every tim e I go on
yeah. m e d iu m , b u t I m ig h t have s o m e o th e r h o lid a y s and I ju s t lik e it because
size s, it m e a n s I can do a lo t of d iffe re n t
c C an I tr y it on? th in g s in lo ts of d iffe re n t c o u n trie s .
OK, you go o u t of h e re and tu r n le ft
s Yes, o f c o u rs e . T h e re 's a m ir r o r ju s t
and y o u ’l l see a c o ffe e m a c h in e in the eren One of m y m o st tre a s u re d
he re,
c o rn e r. T u rn rig h t and c o n tin u e a lo n g th e p o sse ssio n s is a p e rfe c tly ro und
c Oh, rig h t,
c o rrid o r. T u rn r ig h t a g a in and pass th e p e b b le . It’s a pe bble th a t I found
s W h a t do you th in k ?
te a c h e rs ’ ro o m . T h e ro o m you w a n t is on w h e n I w as little . I th in k I w a s a b o u t
c It's n ice , b u t do you have an y o th e r
y o u r rig h t, a fte r th e lib ra ry . te n y e a rs old and I w as pla yin g on
c o lo u rs ?
th e beach, and it ju s t re m in d s m e of
s T h a t ja c k e t, I'm a fra id no t, no. J u s t
th o s e days, the , e rm , s u n n y s u m m e r
fr u it th e red. d a ys and long eve nings and, e rm , i t ’s
c M m , OK ... I th in k I 'l l ta k e it. Can I pay
so ro u n d th a t people ju s t c a n ’t b e lie v e
by c re d it card?
th a t it's c o m p le te ly n a tu ra l. A nd I
6 fr u it s No p ro b le m .
a b s o lu te ly love it because it is, e rm ,
7 g u id e c OK. It w a s s e v e n ty -fiv e , rig h t?
lik e a m o sa ic. It has so m e w h ite b its
8 gu y
and grey b its, d iffe re n t c o lo u rs .
9 ju ic e
Ca r o l in a C an I have a lo o k a t th o s e o n e s
6*2
th e re ?
1
s ta llh o ld er T h e se big on es?
a g n ie s z k a So, w h a t are w e ha vin g to e a t?
s ta llho ld er 1 Hi, c an I h e lp you? c N o, th e s m a lle r ones.
brenda I d o n 't know . Is th e re a m e n u in
C a r o lin a Yes, can I s ee th e big ru g at
c I c o u ld give you e igh ty, E n g lish ?
th e top?
s I 'l l do it fo r e ig h ty -fiv e , a I d o n 't th in k so. Can I he lp ?
s T h e o ra n g e one?
c W e ll, OK ... I 'l l ta k e it. b Yeah ... barszcz I know , p la ce k I k n o w
c E rm , no, th e w h ite one, n e x t to th e
... w h a t's k lu s k i'l
o ra n g e one.
a K lu s k i. T h e y 're m ade o f po tato.
s OK, I 'l l g e t it fo r you. Ca r o l in aCan I see th e big ru g a t th e top ? b P otato?
c T h a n k s a lot. stallh o ld er T he o ra n g e one? a Yeah, th e y 're like little b a lls .
s T h e re you are. c N o, th e w h ite one. S o m e tim e s th e y have m e a t in sid e
c H ow m u c h is it?
c W o u ld you ta ke tw e n ty ? th e m .
s It's a h u n d re d ,
s I can ta k e th irty , b OK. W h a t a b o u t th is?
c H m . H ow a b o u t s e v e n ty -fiv e ?
c T h a n k s , b u t I ' l l leave th e m . 2
s I c a n 't ta k e le ss th a n nine ty,
n a z if Hi, H elen.
c R e a lly? I c o u ld give you eig h ty,
helen A fte rn o o n . Have you lo s t
s I’l l do it fo r e ig h ty -fiv e ,
sta llho ld er H e llo . Do you need any h e lp ? s o m e th in g ?
c W e l l ... OK. I 'l l ta k e it.
Yes. Do you have any bookcases?
Ca r o l in a n Yes, I'm lo o kin g fo r m y b lu e ... e rm ...
s ta llh o ld e r 2 Do y ou need an y h e lp ? s Yes, w e do. W e've g o t s o m e nice W h a t's it ca lled ?
c N o, th a n k s , I'm ju s t lo o k in g , b o o k c a s e s o v e r he re , H Y our pen?
s T h e y 're nic e c a n d le s tic k s , a r e n 't the y? c Oh, rig h t. H ow m u c h is th e big one? n N o. I d o n 't re m e m b e r th e w o rd in
c T h e y 're nice, b u t do you have any s It's 110, b u t w e 'v e g o t s o m e c h e a p e r E n g lis h . It's a kin d of book. You w rite
s ilv e r on es? o n e s. T h is b la c k o n e 's ju s t 80. in it, you kno w , tim e s , th in g s to do ...
h You m e a n y o u r d ia ry ? Yeah?
n T h a t's it, a diary. W e ll, th e y 'v e given th e jo b to s o m e o n e
h Is th a t it o v e r th e re ? I'm v e ry h u n g ry . S h a ll w e m a k e s o m e e lse .
3 d in n e r? Oh, th a t's n o t good.
hae- won M a n u e l, w h a t's a 'k e ttle '? G ood idea. I'm a b s o lu te ly s ta rv in g . T h e y sa id I d o n 't have enough
MANUEL A w h a t? e x p e rie n c e .
h A 'k e ttle '. A re you s u re th e s h o p s w ill be o p en W e l l ...
W h e re 's th a t? to m o rr o w ? I've been h e re fo r a lm o s t five y e a rs ,
U rn ... it's in p a ra g ra p h tw o . Yes, I'm p o s itiv e . D o n 't w o rry . J e a n -P a u l!
H ang on. Oh, it's a ... you u s u a lly fin d I'm reaLly s o rry , Rach.
it in th e k itc h e n . You lo o k re a lly tire d . H ave you had a Me too.
OK ... lo n g day? So, does th a t m ean you're staying here?
You use it to m a k e w a te r h o t. Yeah, I'm e x h a u s te d . I'm g o in g to bed.
R ig h t ... Hi, J e a n -P a u l. H ow are you?
W h e n y ou m a k e tea o r c o ffe e , fo r It's v e ry h o t in he re , is n 't it? I'm OK.
e x a m p le . H o t? It's b o ilin g ! Can w e o p e n a L o o k, J e a n -P a u l, a b o u t la s t n i g h t ...
Oh, I see. T h a n k s . w in d o w ? I'm re a lly so rry . M y s is te r c a lle d , th e
one w h o liv e s in N ew Z e aland , s h e 's
H o w c o u ld you do th a t p a ra c h u te ju s t had a baby, h e r second. She
sandra OK, it's d a rk b lu e w ith s ilv e r
ju m p ? W e re n 't you frig h te n e d ? calLed m e and w e ended up ta lk in g on
n u m b e rs and it's m a d e o f m e ta l.
Yeah, I w a s a b s o lu te ly te r r ifie d , b u t it th e ph o n e a lt evening!
It's q u ite th in . It's a b o u t te n by fo u r
w a s fu n ! T h a t's OK.
c e n tim e tre s and w e ig h s a b o u t e ig h ty
So d id you go to th e cinem a?
g ra m s . It has a c a m e ra .
I h e a rd K irs te n fo u n d a jo b . She m u s t W e ll, w e said w e 'd m e e t o u ts id e th e
be re a lly p le a se d . c in e m a a t s e v e n -th irty , so, yes, I d id.
1 F a rs i is s p o k e n in Ira n . Oh, yes, s h e ’s d e lig h te d . So w h o did you go w ith ?
2 T he f ir s t c o lo u r p h o to g ra p h s w e re W h a t? I d id n 't go w ith anyone.
ta k e n in th e 1860s. W ill R on be a n g ry if w e d o n 't go to th e S o rry !
3 T he Y e llo w R iv e r is lo c a te d in C hina . m e e tin g ? D o n 't w o rr y a b o u t it. It w as a g o o d
U In 1867, A la s k a w a s s o ld to th e USA I th in k h e 'll be a b s o lu te ly fu r io u s ! film , anyway.
by R u ssia .
5 U iysses, by J a m e s Joyce , w a s w r itte n Is it c o ld th e re a t th e m o m e n t? Good m o rn in g , J e a n -P a u l!
in th e 2 0 th c e n tu ry . S h o u ld I b rin g a w in te r co a t? Oh, h e llo . You look happy th is m o rn in g .
6 T he 2005 N o b e l P riz e fo r L ite ra tu re Yes. It's fre e z in g . Yes, I've done it!
w a s given to H a ro ld P in te r. D one w h a t?
7 In E n g lis h , baby e le p h a n ts are c a lle d W e re you s u r p ris e d you p a sse d th e I've fo u n d a ne w jo b !
'c a lv e s ’. exa m ? Oh, rig h t, c o n g ra tu la tio n s ! W e ll d o n e !
8 The f ir s t fo o tb a ll W o rld C up w a s w o n I w a s re a lly a m a ze d . I d o n 't k n o w h o w Thanks!
in 1930 by U ru g u a y. I did it. So, w h e re a re you going?
C o o l N et.
Cg W h a t?
now down . s h o w e r show y e llo w 1 C o o l N et.
know n rachel Hi, J e a n -P a u l. B u t th a t's n o t in N e w York. It's m ile s
jean - paul M o rn in g , R a ch e l. H appy aw ay!
b irth d a y ! r Yeah, a b o u t tw o h u n d re d m ile s .
know n 6 fo llo w Oh, c h e e rs . H o w did you kn o w ? A c tu a lly , I s h o u ld s ta r t lo o k in g fo r a
flo w n 7 b o rro w Oh, you k n o w . S o m e b o d y to ld m e . E r p la c e to live th e re ...
b ro w n 8 to m o rr o w
... I've ju s t b o u g h t you a p re s e n t. j T h a t's a lo n g w a y to go fo r a n e w jo b .
y e llo w 9 c ro w d e d Is it fo r m e ? A h, th a t's v e ry k in d o f you. r N o t re a lly , I've been here fo r a lm o s t
shower 10 flo w e r Y o u 're w e lc o m e . Be c a re fu l! five yea rs,
O uch ! j M e too .
B a b ie s s ta r t to y a w n six m o n th s I sa id be c a re fu l! r So - tim e fo r a cha nge, I th in k !
b e fo re th e y 're b o rn . W h a t is it?

A d u lts la u g h , on a v e ra g e , s e v e n te e n It's a c a c tu s . You sa id y o u r fla t n e e d e d


s o m e p la n ts , so ... Good n e w s
tim e s a day.
W e ll, yes, it do es. Yes. T h a n k s v e ry T h a t's g re a t! You did w e ll.
The a ve ra g e b a b y c rie s fo r tw o o r
m u c h , J e a n -P a u l. C o n g ra tu la tio n s .
th re e h o u rs a day.
D o n 't m e n tio n it. A re you d o in g W e ll done.
You use 12 m u s c le s to s m ile ; you use
a b o u t 70 m u s c le s to s p e a k . a n y th in g e x c itin g to n ig h t? Bad n e w s
W hen you sne eze, a ir le a ve s y o u r Oh, you kno w , ju s t go in g o u t w ith s o m e I'm s o r ry to h e a r th a t.
nose at one h u n d re d a n d fifty frie n d s . W hy d o n ’t you c o m e a lo n g ? I’ m re a lly so rry .
k ilo m e tre s p e r ho ur. I'd love to, th a n k s . T h a t’s n o t good.
T h a n k in g
Hi, R a ch e l. W h a t a re you re a d in g ?
T h a n k s v e ry m u c h .
Oh, hi. I g o t a le tte r fro m N B S th is
C h e e rs.
m o rn in g .
T h a t’s v e ry k in d o f you.
W ho?
N B S ? I a p p lie d fo r a jo b th e re .

166
A p o lo g is in g
I'd lik e to a p o lo g is e . W e ll, I lived in C airo, in Egypt, fo r a y e a r r e c e p t io n is t Good eve ning.
I'm re a lly sorry. and th e y used a lo t of g e s tu re s th e re th a t Leo nard o H e llo . I have a re s e rv a tio n . M y
S orry. I d id n 't know . E rm , I re m e m b e r w h e n I n a m e 's L e o n a rd o B a rre iro s .
fir s t go t a taxi, I aske d to go to th e c e n tre r S o rry , co u ld you s p e ll y o u r s u rn a m e ,
- in m y te r rib le A ra b ic - and th e d riv e r please?
A
p o in te d a t his eyes w ith his fin g e r. A nd I l B -A -d o u b le R -E -l-R -O -S .
1 T h a n k s v e ry m u c h .
re a lly d id n 't u n d e rs ta n d th is . I t h o u g h t' r T h a n k you. Yes, th a t's fin e , M r
2 T h a t's g re a t!
he m e a n t, er, "B e c a re fu l” o r s o m e th in g B a rre iro s . T h re e n ig h ts , yes?
B
lik e th a t. A nyw ay, th e re st of th e jo u rn e y l T h a t's rig h t. I'm le avin g on th e 1 3 th,
3 I'd lik e to a p o lo g is e .
w as, you know , fin e and th e n a fe w days S aturday.
4 I'm s o rry to h e a r th a t.
la te r I a ske d an E gyptian frie n d a b o u t th e r Can I see y.our p a s s p o rt, please?
g e s tu re . He e xp la in e d th a t it m e a n s “ of l H ere you go.
s h a r m il a It's g re a t to see you , Jenny. c o u rs e , no p ro b le m ". Taxi d riv e rs o fte n do r A n d c o u ld you f i l l in th is re g is tra tio n
jen n y Yeah, you to o . So, w h a t have you it w h e n you've to ld th e m w h e re you w a n t card?
been up to? to go. So th a t w a s in te re s tin g , yeah. l R ig h t ... H ere you are.
E rm , th in g s a re v e ry b u s y r ig h t now. r T h a n k you. H e re 's y o u r p a s s p o rt
R eally? and the key to y o u r ro o m . It's ro o m
age huge b rid g e ju d g e a ve ra g e
Yeah, e v e ry th in g s e e m s to be n u m b e r fo u rte e n oh six, on th e
la n g u a g e
h a p p e n in g at once. E rm ... re m e m b e r fo u rte e n th floo r.
I to ld you w e w e re p la n n in g to m ove? l T h a n k s , and, uh , do you have a m a p o f
Yeah. b rid g e 6 v illa g e th e city?
W e ll, w e 'v e m oved n o w ... m essage 7 frid g e r Yes, h e re you are . T h e re 's also an
Oh, rig h t. lu g g a g e 8 page in fo rm a tio n fo ld e r in y o u r ro om .
... and it's fa n ta s tic ! We ju s t love th e change 9 a ve ra g e l T h anks. Oh, ah, w h a t tim e is b re a kfa st?
h o u s e . T h e re 's lo a d s of ro o m and th e o ra n g e 10 a rra n g e r It's fro m 6.30 to 10 am , in th e d in in g
s tre e t is q u ie t. A nd I've ju s t s ta rte d a ro o m .
n e w jo b !
& l A n d w h a t's th e c h e c k -o u t tim e ?
Oh, g re a t! So w h a t a re you d o in g ? 1 b u s in e s s c e n tre 6 s in g le ro o m r It's eleven am .
I'm s t ill te a c h in g m a th s . B u t I'm at a 2 p a rk in g 7 d o u b le ro o m l R ight.
d iffe re n t s c h o o l. 3 a ir c o n d itio n in g 8 tw in ro o m r W o u ld you lik e so m e h e lp w ith y o u r
A nd h o w is it? 4 la u n d ry 9 b u ffe t b re a k fa s t s u itc a s e ?
W e ll, it's clo se to o u r n e w ho u s e , so 5 h e a lth c lu b l N o, th a n k s . T h a t's fine .
th a t's nice, b u t s o m e of th e k id s are r A ll rig h t, M r B a rre iro s . The l if t is o v e r
d iffic u lt! th e re . Enjoy y o u r stay.
r e c e p t io n is t T he S un H o te l. H o w m a y I
H m , th a t's no t good.
h e lp you?
No. W ell.
Leonardo H e llo , is th a t re c e p tio n ? C h e ckin g and b o o kin g
A nd h o w 's M ani?
r Yes, it is. Can I h e lp you? 1 Y our w e b s ite says you have In te rn e t
H e's c h a n g e d jo b s as w e ll, a c tu a lly .
l Yes. I've seen y o u r w e b s ite and I'd lik e a cce ss. Is it w ire le s s ?
H e's g e ttin g m o re m o n e y now. H e's
to ju s t ch e c k a c o u p le of th in g s . 2 A n d is In te rn e t access in c lu d e d ? O r is
re a lty happy,
r Yes. Go ah ead. th e re an e xtra ch a rg e fo r th a t?
Oh, th a t's good.
l E rm , y o u r w e b s ite says you have 3 Does th e h o te l have a s w im m in g p o o l?
Yeah. A nyw ay, w h a t's n e w w ith you?
In te rn e t acce ss in each ro o m . Is it 4 I’ d lik e to b o ok a ro o m fo r th re e
N ot m u c h .
w ire le s s ? n ig h ts , fro m th e te n th of N ovem ber.
No? H ow are th in g s a t w o rk ?
r Yes, it is. C h e ckin g in
The sam e, really. S am e jo b , s a m e
l A nd is In te rn e t access in c lu d e d ? Or is 5 I have a re s e rv a tio n . My na m e's
b o y frie n d , but, yeah, w e 're OK. We w e n t
th e re an e x tra ch a rg e fo r th a t? L e o n a rd o B a rre iro s .
to th is g re a t c o n c e rt la s t w e e k e n d .
r N o. It's in c lu d e d in th e ro o m ra te . 6 W h a t tim e is b re a kfa st?
Oh, w h a t did you see?
l OK, and, e rm , I 'l l p ro b a b ly a rriv e q u ite 7 W h a t's th e c h e c k -o u t tim e ?
W e s a w th is g re a t band ...
la te , a ro u n d 10 pm . Is th a t a ll rig h t?
r Yes. W e have tw e n ty -fo u r h o u r rja
re c e p tio n . m in H e llo ? M in A ng here.
ben H i, Rosy, it's B en. L o o k , w o u ld you
l T h a t's good. A nd a n o th e r th in g , er, Leo nardo H e llo , M in. It's Le on a rd o .
lik e to co m e o u t to d in n e r to n ig h t?
d oes th e h o te l have a s w im m in g po ol? m L e o n a rd o , hi! H ow are you fe e lin g ?
rosy M aybe. I've ju s t g o t b a c k fro m a
r Yes, and w e a ls o have a fitn e s s ro o m . Did you have a good flig h t?
h a rd day a t w o rk . W h o 's g o in g ?
l OK, w e ll, th a t so u n d s fin e . E rm , c o u ld l Yes, it w a s n 't bad, th a n k s. Listen, M in,
b W e ll, ju s t m e a c tu a lly .
I b o o k a ro o m th e n , ple a se ? w h e n are you fre e? W hat are you d o in g
r Oh, rig h t. You k n o w , I th in k I'm ju s t
r Yes, ju s t a m o m e n t ... F o r w h a t d a te s, on F rid a y evening? A re you fre e th e n ?
g o in g to s ta y in.
p le a se ? m Er, F rid a y's d iffic u lt. I've go t to
8 T h a t's OK, d o n 't w o rry . By th e w ay, do
l I'd lik e to b o ok a s in g le ro o m fo r th re e w o r k la te . B ut, e rm ... I'm fre e on
you th in k J e n 'll be a t h o m e ?
n ig h ts , fro m th e te n th o f N o ve m b e r. W edn esday evening.
r A c tu a lly , I've ju s t s ee n h e r a t th e bu s
r C e rta in ly . A nd w h a t's y o u r na m e , l S o rry, b u t I d o n 't ge t th e re t i l l a b o u t
s top .
plea se?. ten , so ...
b R e a lly ? W h a t's h e r m o b ile n u m b e r?
l It's L e o n a rd o B a rre iro s , B -A -d o u b te m OK, w e ll, w h a t a b o u t lu n c h on
I ju s t have h e r h o m e n u m b e r.
R -E -l-R -O -S . T h u r s d a y ... o r Friday?
R Oh, ju s t a se co n d . H e re you are . It's
r T h a n k you, M r B a rre iro s , a n d can I l I c a n 't on Friday, b u t T h u rsd a y ... h m m ,
077 145 96 70.
ta k e y o u r c re d it ca rd n u m b e r? w e ll, I'm m e e tin g a co llea gue a t o n e
b T h a n k s , Rosy. Y o u 're a sta r. W e ll, have
l E r, yes, it's a V isa card, n u m b e r fo u r b u t I can re a rra n g e it, no p ro b le m . So,
a nic e evening.
one th re e nine, one one ... co u ld w e m e e t at one o 'clo ck?
m Yes, one o 'c lo c k 's fin e . j M e too. OK, th e y ’ re p e rfo r m in g tw ic e im p o rta n t w o rd s ju s t fo r one n e w s sto ry
l A nd w h e re s h o u ld w e m e e t? on S a tu rd a y , a t 3.30 and 8.00. ... one's enough. Then I listen ag a in and
m W e ll, h o w a b o u t at P e tro n a s T o w e rs ? a A h, can you do 3.30? T h e a fte rn o o n 's I w rite m o re w o rd s, then I lis te n a g a in .
My o ffic e is n e a r th e re . L e t's m e e t by b e s t fo r m e. Each tim e it ge ts ea sie r to hear.
th e m a in e n tra n c e o f T o w e r Tw o. j Yeah, and w e c o u ld have lu n c h f ir s t at
l OK, th a t s o u n d s go od. I ' l l s ee you on H a n a 's C afe a t 12.30. It's c lo s e to th e
1
T h u rs d a y the n. fe s tiv a l h a ll.
anna D id ! t e ll you? I'm go in g to th e
m G reat. T h e re 's so m u c h to ta lk a b o u t ... a H a n a 's Cafe? N ice p la ce . OK, I 'l l see
cin e m a ne xt w e e k w ith so m e fr ie n d s .
you th e re .
rose Oh, yeah? W h a t are you g o in g to
LEONARDO H e llo . i'M see?
m in H e llo , L e o n a rd o . It's M in . I'm r e a lly a k io J a s o n , lis te n . I'm s o r r y b u t I c a n 't A 'M e tro p o lis '. It's on at the Roxy.
s o rry b u t I c a n 't m a k e it to m o rro w . m a k e it on S aturday. M a ria n n e ju s t R Oh, rig h t. T h a t's a good film .
I've g o t m e e tin g s a ll day now . a s k e d m e to w o rk fro m 2.00 t i l l 10.00. A A re you fre e on T h u rs d a y e ve n in g ?
l O h ... OK. jas o n T h a t's to o bad. R E rm , yes, I a m , a ctu a lly.
m B u t I'm fre e in th e e v e n in g . a Yeah, I'm re a lly s o rry . C an w e A W e ll, w o u ld you lik e to com e w ith u s?
l Ah ... I'm b u s y to m o r r o w e v e n in g . p o s tp o n e ? R T h a t w o u ld be re a lly nice, A n n a .
m Oh, no ! W hen e x a c tly do yo u leave j W e ll, th e th in g is, S unday's th e la s t day. A W h a t tim e ?
K u a la L u m p u r? a W e ll, can you do S und ay a fte rn o o n ? 2
l My flig h t leave s on S a tu rd a y m o rn in g j N o, I c a n 't, a c tu a lly , i'm s e e in g le o H e llo .
a t 11.15. Y ou're w o rk in g la te on m y m u m . I'm fre e in th e e ve n in g , jo Hi, Leo. It ’s Jo. H ow are you?
F rid a y , rig h t? th o u g h . H old on, I 'l l ju s t c h e c k th e l N o t bad. Is e v e ry th in g OK w ith yo u ?
m Yes, b u t ... w e ll, I g u e s s I can ta k e p ro g ra m m e ... W h e re is it? ... A h, h e re j Yeah, fin e . E rm , w h a t are you d o in g
s o m e w o rk h o m e ... Yes, OK, le t's it is. Oh, no! S und ay a fte rn o o n 's t h e ir to m o rro w ?
m e e t on F rid a y e v e n in g . la s t p e rfo rm a n c e ! l I'm w o rk in g a ll day ... fro m tw e lv e to
l A re you s u re ? G re a t! A nd le t's have a R e a lly ? W e ll, I 'll have to go th e n . Can e le ve n . W hy, Jo?
d in n e r. I s t i l l have on e of y o u r fre e tic k e ts ? j Do you w a n t to m e e t up fo r a c o ffe e in
m T h a t w o u ld be lovely. j W e l l ... yeah, I su p p o se so. I'm g o in g th e m o rn in g ?
l So, w e 're s t ill m e e tin g at P e tro n a s to go to m o rr o w th e n ... by m y s e lf. l S o rry , I 'l l be too tire d . I n e ve r g e t up
T o w e rs , rig h t? L e t's say a t 6.30. in th e m o rn in g ,
m OK, 6.30, T o w e r Tw o, m a in e n tra n c e . j Oh, OK. W ell, m aybe ne xt tim e ...
m a r t in E rm , I'm a s tu d e n t a t U n iv e rs ite
See you the n. 3
B o rd e a u x b u t every s u m m e r I go to
anna S o rry to b o th e r you, Rose. H ave
E n g la n d and g e t a jo b in, uh, a cafe
you g o t a m o m e n t?
W h a t a re you d o in g a ft e r c la s s ? / o r a pub, o r s o m e th in g ... a n d I n e ed
rose Yes. Go ahead.
W h a t a re you g o in g to do a ft e r c la s s ? E n g lis h fo r th e s e jo b s . M y s p e a k in g 's
a S o rry , bu t c o u ld you h e lp m e w ith m y
W h a t tim e does th is c la s s fin is h ? OK b u t, uh, I fin d lis te n in g k in d of
c o m p u te r?
A re you g o in g a n y w h e re on y o u r d iffic u lt so I tr y to lis te n to o th e r
r I can try. W h a t's th e p ro b le m ?
n e xt h o lid a y ? /A r e you g o in g to go p e o p le 's c o n v e rs a tio n s ... and, ye a h ,
a I need to p r in t s o m e th in g b u t it's n o t
a n y w h e re on y o u r n e x t h o lid a y ? I c h a t w ith th e p e ople I w o r k w ith ,
w o rk in g .
W h a t a re you h a vin g fo r d in n e r u s u a lly a fte r w o rk , and w h e n th e y say
r A g a in ? OK. L e t's have a look.
to n ig h t? / W h a t are you g o in g to have s o m e th in g I c a n 't u n d e rs ta n d , I say,
fo r d in n e r to n ig h t? 'W a it! W h a t d id you say? Say it a g a in .
A re yo u b u s y to m o r r o w e v e n in g ? W h a t does it m e a n ? ' and I tr y to u se la u n d ry sau na sa w a w fu l
W h a t tim e do th e s h o p s c lo s e to n ig h t? th e e x p re s s io n m y s e lf. A n d th e n th e
H*
A re you m e e tin g an y frie n d s th is n e x t tim e I h e a r th a t e x p re s s io n , I
la u g h aunt A u s tra lia sa u sa g e
w e e k e n d ? / A re you g o in g to m e e t any k n o w it.
frie n d s th is w e e k e n d ? alexei I tra v e l to th e S ta te s a fe w tim e s
A re you w o rk in g to m o r r o w a fte rn o o n ? a y e a r, so i t ’s im p o r ta n t f o r m e to a w fu l 6 sauce
u n d e rs ta n d E n g lis h w e l l ... e s p e c ia lly , d a u g h te r 7 s tra w b e rr y
lik e , re s ta u r a n t c o n v e rs a tio n s o r h o te l s au na 8 yaw n
ja s o n A re you doing a n y th in g th is w e e k ?
c o n v e rs a tio n s - c h e c k in g in, ro o m la u n d ry 9 saw
a k io N o t m u c h . W hy?
s e rv ic e and, e rm , w h a t e ls e ... oh, la w y e r 10 a u tu m n
j W e ll, it's th e fe s tiv a l a n d th e re 's a
b u y in g tic k e ts . You kn o w , th in g s lik e
g ro u p I'd re a lly lik e to see . M y frie n d
th a t. So b e fo re I go to a re s ta u r a n t
can g e t m e fre e tic k e ts . 1 b a rb e c u e 9 c o m fo rta b le
o r s ta tio n , I th in k a b o u t w h a t I w a n t
a Yeah? W h ic h g ro u p ? 2 s w im m in g p o o l 10 sp a c io u s
to say, w h a t th e y 'll p ro b a b ly sa y and
j L a d y s m ith B la c k M a m b a z o . You k n o w , 3 g a rd e n 11 m o d e rn
... s o m e tim e s I c h e c k a p h ra s e b o o k.
fro m S o u th A fric a . Do you fa n c y g o in g 4 b a lc o n y 12 tr a d itio n a l
too? You k n o w , I p la n e v e ry th in g and th e n
5 p a rk in g 13 la rg e
w h e n I g e t th e re , I can u n d e rs ta n d
a Yeah, I'd love to. T h e y 're fa n ta s tic . 6 fire p la c e -1 4 w a rm
th in g s b e tte r and a n s w e r b e tte r. It
W h e n is it? 7 a ir c o n d itio n in g 15 co o l
u s u a lly w o rk s q u ite w e ll.
J W e ll, it's m o s t o f th e w e e k . I can do 8 w o o d e n flo o rs
T h u rs d a y o r F rid a y e v e n in g . W h a t a e - yo ung W ell, I use th e In te rn e t fo r
a b o u t you? lis te n in g pra ctice . I like to k n o w w h a t's
a Oh, s o rry . I c a n 't m a k e it on T h u rs d a y h a ppen ing in o th e r c o u n trie s , so I lis te n donna Jose , co m e ove r he re. L e t's have
o r F riday. I'm w o rk in g b o th n ig h ts . to th e new s in E n glish on m y c o m p u te r a lo o k a t th e se ho m es.
J Can you m a k e S a tu rd a y ? - th e BBC W o rld S ervice o r C N N o r jo s e W hy? We c a n 't m ove. We d o n 't
a Yeah, yea h. I'm o ff on S a tu rd a y . s o m e th in g - and w rite do w n u s e fu l and have e n o u g h m oney.
d Can w e ju s t have a lo o k in th e Leo nard o R eally? Have you trie d le a vin g
w in d o w ? We can look, c a n 't w e? 1 The w o r s t th in g a b o u t C h a n d ig a rh is, a n o te in th e k itc h e n saying , P lease
j I s u p p o s e so. it's to o q u ie t. w a s h a ll th e p o ts and ... ?
d It'd be re a lly nice to g e t o u t of th e city. 2 T h e b e st th in g a b o u t th e c o lle g e is, p I've le ft notes, I've se n t text m e ssages,
j H m m m , w o u ld it? it's so g re e n . e m a ils , e ve ryth in g . And he alw ays says,
d L o o k at th is one ... a h o use w ith 3 The th in g is, C ha n d ig a rh is too po pular. 'Oh, so rry, I p ro m is e to do it next tim e , I
tw o b e d ro o m s , a la rg e k itc h e n , a 4 The tro u b le is, c o n c re te is no t fo rg o t, I'm re a lly busy,' and the n, every
s w im m in g p o o l! Im a g in e it, w e 'd b e a u tifu l to lo o k at. tim e I w ake up because he leaves m o s t
c o m e h o m e fro m w o rk , go fo r a s w im of th e tim e e a rlie r tha n me, like, the
to c o o l o ff, have a b a rb e c u e ... k itc h e n is a m e ss. It's really, re a lly bad.
T h a t w o u ld be nice, yeah. donna H o w 's y o u r d a u g h te r g e ttin g on?
j l W e ll, I also have p ro b le m s w ith m y
d S u re it w o u ld ! S h e 's m o ved to C a n b e rra , h a s n 't s h e ? n e ig h b o u r. He sin g s v e ry lo u d ly in th e
j B u t it's th re e h u n d re d and e ig h ty m a r is a Yeah, th a t's rig h t. S he's ve ry m o rn in g and it's n o t th a t bad b u t he
d o lla rs a w e e k . W e'd n e v e r be a b le to ha ppy, she loves it th e re a n d loves tr ie s to im ita te an opera singer,
a ffo rd it. h e r jo b , b u t th e re are s o m e p ro b le m s p T h a t's re a lly bad.
d You n e v e r know . Maybe one day. W h a t w ith h e r fla t. l It is re a lly bad b u t th e re 's n o th in g I
a b o u t th is one n e a r th e be a ch ? You d Oh, no. W h a t s o r t of p ro b le m s ? can do a b o u t it, lik e leaving a no te
c o u ld go s u r fin g a fte r w o rk . m W e ll, s h e liv e s w ith a fa m ily , M r and o r s e n d in g te x t m e ssa g e s o r e m a ils
j It's th re e and a h a lf h o u rs fro m Sydney! M rs P ie rce , an d th e y 're re a lly nice, b e ca u se I d o n 't even k n o w h im .
I'd be loo tire d to go s u rfin g a fte r b u t Eva d o e s n 't g e t on welL w ith th e ir
c o m m u tin g fo r th re e and a h a lf h o u rs . d a u g h te r!
□ A h, th a t s o u n d s re a lly a w k w a rd . W hy ela W e ll, in o u r fla t th e re are five
d Y ou'd m ove s c h o o ls , I g u e ss. I be t
d o n 't th e y g e t alo n g ? ro o m s . T h e re 's a liv in g ro o m and a
y o u 'd fin d a n ic e little s c h o o l ne a rb y.
m W e ll, I th in k s h e 's a lw a ys c o m p la in in g b e d ro o m - th e y 're q u ite big - and
j Yeah, b u t I love m y jo b , th e k id s , a ll
a b o u t Eva, sa yin g she d o e s n 't clean w e a lso have a stu d y, a kitc h e n and
m y frie n d s at w o rk . I w o u ld n 't w a n t to
e n o u g h , h e r m u s ic 's to o loud , th in g s a b a th ro o m . I su p p o se m y fa v o u rite
m o ve s c h o o ls .
lik e th a t. Eva d o e s n 't re a lly k n o w ro o m is th e study. It's also the
d W e ll, you m ig h t c h a n g e y o u r m in d .
w h a t to do. s m a lle s t ro o m b u t it's th e ro o m th a t I
Can you im a g in e ? W o rk in g in a s m a ll
d C o u ld s h e o rg a n is e h e r day so she re a lly fe e l is m in e . I d o n 't ju s t w o rk in
frie n d ly s c h o o l, ra th e r th a n one w ith
d o e s n 't see th e d a u g h te r? th e stu d y; I a ls o lik e to lie on the sofa
th o u s a n d s of k id s , c y c lin g to w o rk .
m Eva says s h e 's th e re a ll th e tim e ! a n d read a good book.
L ife w o u ld be so m u c h easier.
j W e ll, s o rry , b u t it s o u n d s b o rin g to A p p a re n tly , sh e even goes in h e r

m e ! You k n o w I love th e city. W h a t ro o m . S o u n d s re a lly a n n o y in g !


n a t a l ie So, M egan, I kn o w y o u ’ve lived
w o u ld I do in th e m id d le o f n o w h e re ? d W ow . W e ll, m a yb e she s h o u ld ta lk to
in a fe w d iffe re n t c o u n trie s . I w as ju s t
d OK, OK. B u t one day, you k n o w , if w e h e r, t e l l h e r h o w sh e fe e ls .
w o n d e rin g h o w you fe lt w h e n you
have k id s , m a ybe w e 'd w a n t to g e t o u t m Yeah, she did th a t, b u t Eva says s h e 's
m o ved in to a new place. H ow did you
o f Sydney. n o t in te re s te d . M aybe she s h o u ld try
g e t on w ith y o u r n e ig h b o u rs ?
j H m m m . W ould you c h a n g e y o u r jo b ? a g a in .
Megan E rm , n o w th a t I live in th e UK, I
W o u ld you leave IT? d I th in k so, yeah.
d o n ’t kn o w any of m y n e ig h b o u rs at
d Yes, I t h i n k I w o u ld , a c tu a lly . m I've n e v e r re a lly been in th a t s itu a tio n ,
a ll. I th in k th a t m ig h t be also be cause
J Oh, yeah? And w h a t w o u ld you do? It's so I d o n 't k n o w w h a t to s u g g e s t. W h a t
I live in an a p a rtm e n t b lo c k and you
n o t easy to c h a n g e jo b s lik e th a t. w o u ld you do?
ju s t ne ver have any co n ta c t w ith
d W h a t, i f ! w a s Eva? I'd p ro b a b ly ta lk to
anybody. W hen I w a s liv in g in Costa
th e p a re n ts , a c tu a lly .
R ica w e lived in a house, e rm , b u t
W hat w o u ld I do in th e m id d le of no w h ere ? m H m , I th in k s h e 'd fin d th a t d iffic u lt.
a ls o , it w as m u c h m o re c o m m o n to
I be t y o u 'd fin d a nice little s c h o o l nearby. T he p r o b le m is, th e y 're re a lly nice.
t a lk to y o u r n e ig h b o u rs . V ery q u ic k ly ,
I w o u ld n 't w a n t to m ove s c h o o ls . d W e ll yea h, so th e y 'll p ro b a b ly lis te n .
as soo n as w e m oved in, a ll th e la d ie s
W o u ld you cha n g e y o u r jo b ? m Yes, I th in k y o u 're rig h t. S h e 'll have to
on th e s tre e t ca m e by, kn o cke d on th e
Yes, I th in k I w o u ld , a c tu a lly . th in k ca re fu lL y a b o u t w h a t to say.
d o o r, in tro d u c e d th e m s e lv e s .
N q:, I w o u ld n 't. □ W o u ld it be p o s s ib le to w r ite to th e m ?
n T h a t's re a lty nice.
m A le tte r? No ... I d o n ’t th in k s h e 'd
m It w a s re a lly nice. It w as m uch e a s ie r to
w a n t to do th a t. I 'l l t e ll h e r to ta lk to
n a t a l ie My id e a l h o m e w o u ld be p re tty ge t to kn o w people in the co m m u n ity.
th e p a re n ts .
m u c h lik e the pla c e I live in n o w b u t n Uh hu h.
d Yes, and I'd t e ll h e r to m o ve if th a t
I w o u ld lik e it to be fifte e n d e g re e s d o e s n 't w o rk !
w a rm e r, so in s te a d of g ro w in g le ttu c e m W e ll, you kn o w , it's n o t so easy. A t s ch o o l
a n d s p in a c h I c o u ld g ro w th in g s lik e le a s t s h e 's c lo s e to h e r c o lle g e , a rc h ite c t
m a n g o e s and o ra n g e s and to m a to e s . o I b e t you m is s her. q u ie t
T h a t w o u ld be re a lly p e rfe c t. m Yes, it's h a rd , b u t s h e 's fin e re ally. q u e s t io n
eduardo R ig h t n o w I live in a v e ry s m a ll S he's e n jo y in g h e r in d e p e n d e n c e !
a p a rtm e n t, so I th in k m y id e a l h o m e
b a ck 7 sq u a re
w ouLd have a lo t m o re spa ce. It w o u ld
paula I have a big p ro b le m w ith m y te c h n o lo g y 8 he adache
have a big liv in g ro o m , a big k itc h e n ,
h o u s e m a te . He loves c o o k in g . He p a rk in g 9 q u ic k
big e v e ry th in g . I'd lik e to have m aybe
c o o k s a lm o s t eve ry day, he uses eve ry q u ie t 1D s to m a c h
tw o b e d ro o m s , one fo r m e and o n e fo r
pan in th e k itc h e n , e ve ry pot, every tic k e t 11 th ic k
g u e s ts . A lso th e re w o u ld be re a lly big
fo r k and k n ife , and he ne ve r, eve r m a rk e t 12 th in k
w in d o w s w ith v ie w s of th e m o u n ta in s ,
d o es th e d is h e s .
lik e rn y o ld h o m e in B ra z il.

169
w r e s tle r , th o u g h he n e v e r b e c a m e i T h a t w a s S o lid a rity ? The u n io n ?
T he V a tican C ity is in R om e , Italy. a yoko zuna. The tw o m e n a c tu a lly r S o lid a rity , yes. So he w as a re a l
San M a rin o is in th e e a s t o f Italy. fo u g h t each o th e r in M a rc h 1991. It le a d e r a n d p e ople fo llo w e d h im .
N a u ru is an is la n d in th e S o u th P a c ific . w a s th e f ir s t s u m o m a tc h b e tw e e n i Do you k n o w a n y th in g a b o u t h is life?
T he M a rs h a ll Is la n d s and T u v a lu a re tw o n o n rJ a p a n e s e w r e s tle r s a n d . r N o t v e ry m u c h . I th in k 'h e w a s an
g ro u p s o f is la n d s in th e P a c ific O cean. A k e b o n o d e fe a te d K o n is h ik i. e le c tric ia n and I k n o w th a t he w o rk e d
S a in t K itts and N evis is a tw o - is la n d p Oh. So, w h a t w as s p e c ia l a b o u t in G da nsk. I re m e m b e r h im fr o m tha t
n a tio n in th e C a rib b e a n Sea. A kebono? tim e , b u t I d o n 't k n o w w h a t he d id
The M a ld iv e s a re in th e In d ia n O cean, h W e ll, he w a s an u n u s u a l succe ss b e fo re th a t,
s o u th -w e s t of S ri L a n k a , s to ry. As a young m a n, he enjoyed i OK. And th e n he becam e the p re sid e n t?
M a lta is in th e M e d ite rra n e a n Sea, to . p la yin g b a s k e tb a ll and he w o n a r Yes. C o m m u n is m ended in P o la n d in
th e s o u th of S icily. b a s k e tb a ll s c h o la rs h ip . He a lso 1989 and Wat?sa w on the e le c tio n fo r
L ie c h te n s te in is b e tw e e n A u s tria a n d w a n te d to stu d y h o te l m a n a g e m e n t, p re s id e n t,
S w itz e rla n d . b u t th e n he be cam e in te re s te d in i A n d ho w lo n g w a s he p re s id e n t?
M o naco is in th e s o u th o f E u ro p e , s u m o fro m w a tc h in g it on TV. A fa m ily r Five ye a rs ? Yes, five yea rs. A n d th e n
on th e M e d ite rra n e a n coa st, a n d it frie n d in tro d u c e d h im to A z u m a z e k i he lo s t th e next e le c tio n in 1995.
b o rd e rs F rance . O yakata, w h o w a s also fro m H a w a ii. i R ig h t.
A z u m a z e k i had his ow n g ro u p o f s u m o
w re s tle rs , w h ic h w e c a ll a 's ta b le '. So
In the s tu d io w ith m e to d a y renata W hen it co m e s to p la c e s , I th in k
presenter in 1988, R ow an fle w to J a p a n to jo in
is H iro to S aitou , th e a u th o r o f a th a t K ra k o w is v e ry im p o rta n t.
A z u m a z e k i's stab le. T h e re , he w a s
fa s c in a tin g new b o ok a b o u t s u m o in t e r v i e w e r Yeah, o f cou rse.
g ive n his p ro fe s s io n a l na m e , A k e b o n o ,
w re s tlin g c a lle d Yokozuna, p u b lis h e d r You p ro b a b ly k n o w it w a s th e c a p ita l
w h ic h m e a n s 'n e w da w n ',
by N e w m a n P re ss. H iro to S a ito u , o f P o la n d in the pa st. It’s a v e ry n ic e
p A n d he w a s e x tre m e ly s u c c e s s fu l in
w e lc o m e . city, an o ld c ity and it has a v e ry ric h
h is c a re e r, w a s n 't he?
T h a n k you. h is to ry . It g e ts a lo t of to u ris ts b u t it's
h ir d t o H Yes, th a t's rig h t. His fir s t p ro fe s s io n a l
p W h a t e x a c tly does th e title of y o u r also a p la c e w h e re a r tis ts liv e and
a p p e a ra n ce w as in M a rch 1988 and
b o o k, Yokozuna, m e an? th a t c re a te s a s p e c ia l a tm o s p h e re ,
d u rin g his th irte e n ye a rs of su m o
h W e ll, yofcozuna is th e v e ry h ig h e s t i R ig h t. Do you m e an it's an a r tis tic
w re s tlin g , he w o n th e E m p e ro r's C up a
ra n k in s u m o . If y o u 're a yo ko zu n a , pla ce ?
to ta l of eleven tim e s. He re tire d in 2001.
y o u 're a to p c h a m p io n . S o m e tim e s r W e ll, yes, th e r e ’s a lo t of b e a u tifu l
p T h a t's fa s c in a tin g . T h a n k you v e ry
th e re are no yokozuna, a n d a t o th e r a r c h ite c tu re , g a lle rie s and m u s ic as
m u c h fo r g ivin g us an in s ig h t in to th is
tim e s th e re have be en th re e o r fo u r w e ll. E s p e c ia lly if y o u 're a ro u n d in
e x tr a o r d in a r y s p o rt.
a t th e s a m e tim e . T he n a m e c o m e s th e e ve ning, and you go to c lu b s and
fro m th e ro p e - c a lle d a ts u n a - th a t p u b s. It's th e place to go to h e a r jazz,
th e yokozuna w e a rs . The ro p e c an He w a s b o rn in H a w a ii. i Is K ra k o w w e ll k n o w n fo r ja zz?
w e ig h up to 20 k ilo s b u t it's n o t u se d H e w o n a b a s k e tb a ll s c h o la rs h ip . r Yes, you can fin d a lo t of ja z z c lu b s in
d u rin g m a tc h e s . It's o n ly w o rn b e fo re He w a n te d to stu d y h o te l m a n a g e m e n t. th e c ity c e n tre . If you en jo y lis te n in g
m a tc h e s , d u rin g a s p e c ia l c e re m o n y , H e b e c a m e in te re s te d in s u m o fro m to m u s ic a n d s tu ff, you s h o u ld
p I see. N ow , I a lw a y s th o u g h t s u m o w a tc h in g it on TV. d e fin ite ly go.
w r e s tle r s had to be J a p a n e s e , b u t H e fle w to Jap an to jo in A z u m a z e k i's i It m u s t have a ve ry in te re s tin g histo ry.
th a t's no t tru e , is it? s ta b le . r Yes ... I d o n 't kn o w m u ch a b o u t its
h T h a t's rig h t. T ra d itio n a lly , s u m o is A k e b o n o d e fe a te d K o n is h ik i. h is to ry . It w a s th e c a p ita l of P o la n d
v e ry m u c h a J a p a n e s e s p o rt and, H e w a s th e fir s t fo r e ig n e r to b e c o m e b u t th e n th e c a p ita l w as m o ved to
fo r fo re ig n e rs , it w a s v e ry d iffic u lt a y oko zuna in 1500 y e a rs . W a rsza w a , to W a rsa w ... b u t K ra k o w
to b e c o m e a yokozuna. B u t in 1993, He re tire d in 2001. is s t i l l th e a rt c a p ita l of P o la n d ,
A k e b o n o Taro w a s th e fir s t fo r e ig n e r i Is it n e a r W arsa w ?
to b e c o m e a yokozuna in 1500 y e a rs . r N o. N o, W a rs a w is m o re o r le s s in the
fin is h
He w a s th e f ir s t n o n -J a p a n e s e to c e n tre of th e c o u n try b u t K ra k o w is in
p ra c tis e
re a c h th e h ig h e s t ra n k , th e s o u th ,
re tire
p So is th a t w h y h e 's s u c h an im p o r ta n t i A h. A nd ho w big is it?
s tu d y
p e rs o n in s u m o ? r It's n o t v e ry big, m aybe th e fo u rth o r
suggest
h Yes, b e c a u s e , e rm , b e fo re A k e b o n o , fifth b ig g e s t c ity in P o land ? I d o n 't
n o b o d y b e lie v e d th a t fo re ig n e rs c o u ld re a lly k n o w fo r sure, b u t I th in k th e
b e c o m e yokozuna. d e c id e > d e c id e d p ra c tis e > p ra c tis e s p o p u la tio n is less tha n a m illio n ,
p So, w h e re 's he fro m ? b u y > b u y in g s p e a k > sp o ke n i R ig h t.
h W e ll, he w a s b o rn in H a w a ii. H is re a l
n a m e is C had H aah eo R ow an . He
renata I th in k one of th e m o s t im p o rta n t 1
c h a n g e d h is n a m e w h e n he w e n t to
p e o p le in P o lish h isto ry, I m e an re c e n t pat I’ m so lo o k in g fo rw a rd to s e e in g
Ja p a n .
h is to ry , is Lech W at^sa ... you, H e le n , and m e e tin g y o u r ne w
p N o w , th e re se e m to be a n u m b e r o f
interviewer R ight. b o y frie n d ... Luis, rig h t? B u t w h a t
H a w a iia n s w h o are go od a t s u m o .
r ... w h o w a s th e f ir s t p re s id e n t of c lo th e s s h o u ld I b rin g ? Is it w a rm ?
W h y is th a t?
P o la n d a fte r c o m m u n is m . A s fa r as I helen Yes, it ’s w a rm in th e day b u t
h W e ll, s o m e H a w a iia n s m a k e e x c e lle n t
k n o w , he w a s an o rd in a ry w o rk e r, b u t b rin g so m e ju m p e rs o r a ja c k e t o r
s u m o w r e s tle r s b e c a u s e th e y a re big
he ha d a v e ry s tro n g c h a ra c te r and s o m e th in g fo r the eve nings,
and heavy. T h ey can p u t on w e ig h t
he w a n te d to c h a n g e th e c o u n try . H e p J u m p e rs ? T h ic k ones, w o o lly on es,
q u ite e a sily. K o n is h ik i, fo r e x a m p le ,
b e c a m e le a d e r o f a k in d of w o r k e r s ' you m e an?
w a s a n o th e r s u c c e s s fu l H a w a iia n
o rg a n is a tio n , I m e a n S o lidam osc.
h Er, yes, m aybe. p I th in k , I d o n 't kno w , I th in k I w o u ld c N o, no. T h a n k s ve ry m u c h . You've
p L ik e m y b lu e one? You k n o w th e o n e? d ie w ith o u t m y m o b ile p h o n e . m a d e m y day!
h Yes, th e b lu e one o r y o u r re d one o r n R eally? C a ll 2
w h a te v e r. It d o e s n 'fm a tte r . p If I, th e , th e fe w tim e s th a t I, I, fo r g e t it r e c e p t io n is t Good m o rn in g , ABC
2 I ju s t fe e l na ked w ith o u t it. I, I b e c o m e In v e s tm e n ts . H ow can I h e lp you?
p So, w h a t are w e h a vin g fo r lu n c h , d e s p e ra te . I need to have m y m o b ile c Can I s p e a k to J o h n A n d re w s , p le a se ?
d a rlin g ? ph one w ith m e ... e rm ... r Yes, w h o 's c a llin g ?
h Er, I'm not sure yet. M aybe s o m e sou p? n Is th a t fo r so m e o n e to c o n ta c t you o r c It's C h ris tin e , his w ife .
(la te r] fo r you to send m e ssa g e s? r J u s t a m o m e n t, plea se.
p M m m m , th is so u p 's a b s o lu te ly p I d o n 't know . It's ju s t th e fa c t th a t I r H e llo , C h ris tin e ? I'm s o rry , b u t Jo h n
d e lic io u s . Y our c o o k in g ha s g o t m u c h need it w ith m e a ll th e tim e . is n 't h e re at th e m o m e n t. I th in k h e 's
b e tte r, H elen. W h a t's in it? m e t in I have an o ld iP od w h ic h I o n ly a t lu n ch .
h Oh, e r, v e g e ta b le s m a in ly . O n io n s, use fo r m u s ic . I alw a ys le a ve it in m y c Oh. Do you k n o w w h e n h e 'll be b a ck?
p e p p e rs , po ta to e s a n d s tu f f lik e th a t, coa t p o cke t so w h e n I go o u t, I k n o w r No, s o rry , bu t he s h o u ld n 't be too lo n g .
p R ig h t. So, you, er, c h o p th e veg, and I have it. I use it a ll th e tim e ... on th e Do you w a n t m e to take a m essage?
th e n w h a t? w a y to w o rk , on th e bu s, w h e n I go c E r, yes, plea se. W hen he co m e s b a ck,
h W e ll, I th in k you add w a te r and s o m e s h o p p in g ... The o th e r da y it w a s h o t c o u ld you ask h im to c a ll m e? T e ll
h e rb s and th in g s ... S o rry , I d id n 't so I le ft m y co a t at h o m e a n d fo rg o t h im I've go t so m e good ne w s!
a c tu a lly m a k e it. L u is did. m y iP od. I w a s so b o red ... a n d a ls o r A ll rig h t, I w ill. Bye.
p A h, OK. W ell, te ll h im it w a s lo ve ly, k in d of n e rv o u s . I re a lly n e ed m y C a ll 3
and I'd lik e th e re c ip e ! W h e n a re w e m u s ic to re la x. jo h n H ello?
se e in g h im again? f a b io W ow, in te re s tin g ! I have an iP od, c H e llo , Joh n? It ’s C h ris tin e ,
h T h is a fte rn o o n , at th re e , too, b u t I h a rd ly e ve r use it. It w a s ju s t j Hi. L is te n , th e re c e p tio n 's re a lly bad
p Ah. a w a s te of m oney. h e re . I 'l l c a ll you back in a seco nd.
3 m R e ally? I c o u ld n 't live w ith o u t m in e . OK?
p So, L u is , you w e re b o rn in S pa in , f W e ll, to be h o n e st, I'm ju s t n o t c Yeah, OK.
rig h t? in te re s te d in e le c tro n ic g a d g e ts ,
luis Yes, th a t's rig h t. In G a lic ia , j C h ris tin e ? Can you h e a r m e now?
m a c h in e s and s tu ff. I d o n 't even have
c Yeah, th a t's b e tte r. L is te n , I've go t
p Oh, yes. W h e re exa c tly ? a c o m p u te r at h o m e . I d o n 't k n o w
l W e ll, a c tu a lly , in a fa rm h o u s e in s o m e g re a t ne w s. I've g o t m y b o n u s!
h o w to use th e m .
th e m id d le of n o w h e re ! It w a s s o r t j Oh, re a lly ? H ow m u ch is it th is tim e ?
m Y ou're jo k in g !
o f s u rro u n d e d by m o u n ta in s . T he 200? 300?
f N o. It m a k e s life e a s ie r, n o t ha vin g
n e a re s t to w n w a s O rtig u e ira , w h ic h is c No. That's w h a t's so am azing! It's 2,000!
th a t stu ff.
on th e , e r, th e n o rth - w e s t c o a s t, j 2,000! Y ou're jo k in g ! A re you s u re th e y
m No w ay! It w o u ld m a ke life m o re
p Oh, rig h t. A nd did you s ta y th e re h a v e n ’t m ade a m ista ke ?
d iffic u lt fo r m e . I m e a n , h o w do you
c T h a n k s a lo t!
th ro u g h o u t y o u r c h ild h o o d ? live w ith o u t th e In te rn e t?
l N o. We m oved to A rg e n tin a , to j N o, I'm s u re you 've e a rn e d every ce n t.
f It's easy ... A c tu a lly , I have a m o b ile
B u e n o s A ire s , w h e n I w a s th re e , so W ow ! We co u ld book th a t h o lid a y in
p h one. My co m p a n y gave it to m e and
N o rw a y!
I d o n 't re a lly re m e m b e r it a t a ll. B u t I use it fo r m y jo b . W e l l ... a n d to c a ll
I've a lw a y s had a, a k in d o f s p e c ia l c T h a t's w h y I'm c a llin g . I che cked
frie n d s , s o m e tim e s . A n d c h e c k th e
fe e lin g a b o u t th e m o u n ta in s . It's flig h ts to N o rw a y in M ay and th e y 're a
fo o tb a ll s c o re s. B u t t h a t’s it!
d iffic u lt to ex p la in , b u t I love b e in g re a lly good p rice . S h a ll I b o ok th e m ?
m Hm .
a b le to see th e m o u n ta in s . It g ive s m e j Er, w e l l ... m aybe w e s h o u ld ta lk

a s e n s e of space, 1 g u e ss. a b o u t it t o n ig h t ...


C a ll 1 c C om e on, Joh n. W e've th o u g h t a b o u t
bank'assistant Y ou're th ro u g h to A la n at it fo r y e a rs ! W e 'll ne ver g e t a n o th e r
s tu d e n t p re s id e n t p a rlia m e n t In te rb a n k . H ow can I h e lp you ? ch a n ce lik e th is,
g o v e rn m e n t im p o rta n t e le p h a n t Ch r is t in e Oh, h e llo . Can I c h e c k h e w j OK, OK. Go ahead and bo ok. L iste n ,
m u c h is in m y a c c o u n t, p le a s e ? I've go t to go b u t I 'll c a ll you back
b Of c o u rse . I 'l l ju s t have to a s k you a la te r, OK?
1 s tu d e n t 6 a c c o u n ta n t
fe w q u e s tio n s , f o r s e c u rity . ... c OK. S peak to you later.
2 m om ent 7 a p a rtm e n t
b OK, th a t's fin e . E rm , y o u r b a n k
■3 d iffe re n t 8 e x c e lle n t
ba la n ce is tw o th o u s a n d , tw o h u n d re d
4 im p o rta n t 9 in d e p e n d e n t C a lU
and tw e n ty -fiv e d o lla rs an d fifty - th r e e
5 p re s id e n t 10 e le p h a n t CHRISTINE HellO?
ce n ts,
b a n k m anager Oh, h e llo , is th a t C h ris tin e
c H o w m u ch ?
A n d re w s?
n a t a l ie It's re a lly s tra n g e a b o u t m o b ile b Two th o u sa n d , tw o h u n d re d and
c Yes.
p h o n e s th e s e days. I k n o w I have a tw e n ty -fiv e d o lla rs and fifty - th re e
b Oh, h e llo . T h is is P aul J e n n in g s fro m
fu n n y re la tio n s h ip w ith m in e b e c a u s e cen ts.
In te rb a n k . Is th is a good tim e to ta lk ?
s o m e tim e s I w ill use it e v e ry day and c I d o n ’ t u n d e rs ta n d . I th o u g h t I o n ly
c Yes, it's fin e .
th e n I 'l l go fo r th re e w e e k s w h e n had a b o u t tw o h u n d re d . W as a la rg e
b I'm a fra id w e ’ve m ade a m is ta k e on
I ju s t leave it at h o m e a n d I d o n 't a m o u n t paid in re c e n tly ?
y o u r a cco unt, n u m b e r 12807747.
b o th e r w ith it. W h a t a b o u t you? b E r ... Yes, tw o th o u s a n d d o lla r s w a s
c Oh, no. W h a t's ha ppen ed?
paula H ow , ho w do you c o m m u n ic a te pa id in yeste rda y,
b U n fo rtu n a te ly , a che que fo r a d iffe re n t
w ith pe o p le w h e n you, e r, le a v e y o u r c R e a lly? T h a t's .o d d . It m u s t be m y
C A n d re w s w a s paid in to y o u r a c c o u n t
m o b ile b e hind? a n n u a l bo nus. I w a s e x p e c tin g i t ... b u t
by m is ta k e . The p e rso n has th e s a m e
n T he fu n n y th in g is, I d o n 't. I q u ite lik e n o t th a t m u ch .
n a m e and a lm o s t the sa m e a c c o u n t
ju s t to leave it in th e h o u s e and have b E r ... is th e re a n y th in g e ls e I can h e lp
n u m b e r. O nly one n u m b e r is d iffe re n t.
n o b o d y c a ll m e. you w ith today?
W e 're v e ry s o rry b u t I’ m a fra id th is
w a s a c o m p u te r e rro r. l e w is Do w e have to w a tc h th is ? 1 I th in k i t ’s a w fu l.
A h. W e ll, th a t e x p la in s it. AM ELIA W h a t? 2 I fin d it q u ite e x c itin g .
So, w e 'll m a k e th e n e c e s s a ry l T h is b o xin g m a tc h . C a n 't w e w a tc h 3 We a ll k n o w th a t people are aggressive.
a r ra n g e m e n ts and th e m o n e y w ill s o m e th in g e lse ? 4 A nd an yw a y, n o b o d y has to box.
leave y o u r a c c o u n t today. a N o, I w a n t to see it. 5 I re a lly fe e l th a t if people w a n t to box,
E rm , w e ll, ho ld on m in u te . l B u t you d o n 't lik e b o xin g. w e s h o u ld n 't s to p th e m .
U n fo rtu n a te ly , I've bo oked a h o lid a y a I do. I've a lw a ys lik e d it. 6 Of c o u rs e th a t's n o t th e sam e.
w ith th e m oney, so I'll, e r, need to c a ll l B u t w h y ? I th in k it's a w fu l. 7 The th in g is, th e y have ru le s and
th e h o lid ay com pany to can cel. 1 d o n ’t ... a R e a lly? I fin d it q u ite e x c itin g . th e re 's a re fe re e .
8 A n o th e r th in g is, be in g a b o x e r is a
jo b , you kno w .
Can I s p e a k to J o h n A n d re w s , p le a s e ? a m e l ia R e a lly? I fin d it q u ite e x c itin g .
It's C h ris tin e , his w ife . l e w is B u t it's v e ry v io le n t. I m e a n , a lo t
I'm s o rry , b u t J o h n is n 't he re . of b o x e rs g e t in ju re d . S o m e even d ie. 1 S o rry , b u t m o re p e o p le die in fo o tb a ll
L is te n , th e re c e p tio n 's re a lly bad h e re . a S o rry , b u t m o re pe o p le die in fo o tb a ll
m a tc h e s , you kno w .
J u s t a m o m e n t, p le a s e . m a tc h e s , you k n o w - fro m h e a rt O
a tta c k s and s tu ff. L o ts o f s p o rts can 2 Yes, b u t in fo o tb a ll, y o u 're n o t try in g
be d a n g e ro u s . to h u rt so m e o n e , a re you?
I used to b e lie v e th a t m o n s te r s liv e d © O
l Yes, b u t in fo o tb a ll, y o u 're n o t try in g 3 W e ll, n o t re a lly . I th in k it d e p e n d s on
u n d e r m y bed.
to h u rt so m e o n e , a re you? In b o xin g ,
I u se d to ju m p o u t o f bed so th e y c o u ld n 't th e ir e n v iro n m e n t.
ge t m e.
th e idea is to h it th e o th e r gu y u n t il he o o _
c a n 't s ta n d up. 4 J u s t a se co n d . T h e th in g is, th e y have
I'd ju m p o u t o f bed so th e y c o u ld n 't g e t
a W e a ll k n o w th a t p e o p le a re ru le s and th e r e ’s a re fe re e .
m e.
a g g re s s iv e . N a tu ra lly . It's s illy to say o o © o
5 OK, th a t's a good p o in t.
th e y 're n o t— O ©
W e ll, n o t re a lly. I th in k it d e p e n d s on 6 Yes, exactly.
leonaroo In Costa Rica, if you have a l

m e e tin g , e r, people a lw a y s a s k you, th e ir e n v iro n m e n t.


OK, is it g o in g to be C osta R ican tim e a H m m ... an yw a y, b o x e rs d o n ’t ju s t h it 1 If I see S u sa n , I ’l l give h e r y o u r
o r re g u la r tim e , 'c o s if it is C osta R ican ea c h o th e r, you kn o w . T h ey tr a in fo r m e ssa g e .
tim e , y o u 're su p p o s e d to g e t th e re lik e th o u s a n d s o f h o u rs . T he b e s t b o x e rs 2 If I had a b ike , I j j u se it to g e t to w o rk .
m a y b e th ir ty o r fo r ty m in u te s late r. a re g re a t a th le te s - lik e M o h a m m e d
3 H e ’d be a lo t h e a lth ie r if he did s o m e
I th in k th a t Costa R ican tim e e x is ts A li. A nd an yw a y, n o b o d y h a s to box. ex e rc is e .
be cause pe o p le a re n e v e r in a h u rry , T h ey have a ch o ic e . I re a lly fe e l th a t if
4 If w e go to S pa in , w e 'll v is it A n d a lu s ia
pe o p le ta k e th e ir tim e ha vin g th e ir pe o p le w a n t to box, w e s h o u ld n ’t s to p firs t.
b re a k fa s t, e rm , and you ta k e y o u r tim e th e m .
5 If you had a c o m p u te r, y o u r life w o u ld
ha vin g y o u r lu n c h and m a y b e you go to L A n d w h a t a b o u t c h ild r e n - lik e u n d e r be a lo t easier.
w o r k and you s ta r t ta lk in g w ith frie n d s s ix te e n - th e y s h o u ld n 't box. T h e y 're 6 If she w o rk s late, s h e 'll get a taxi hom e.
and c o lle a g u e s and th e re 's n e v e r a to o yo u n g . A n d it te a c h e s th e m to be
h u rry fo r a n y th in g . v io le n t a n d —

megan I a ls o fin d th a t b e c a u s e I'm in a N o, no. It's a s p o rt, lik e an y o th e r


s p o rt, and it a c tu a lly tra in s th e m to Can I ta k e you o u t fo r d in n e r?
a h u rry to g e t w h e re I'm g o in g I'm
d e fe n d th e m s e lv e s . A n d it's p e rfe c tly T h a t w o u ld be lovely!
u s u a lly r ig h t on tim e and I have to g e t
u se d to th e fa c t th a t, e rm , e v e ry b o d y s a fe ... th e y w e a r h e lm e ts and a ll th e
p ro te c tiv e gear. W o u ld you c lo s e th e w in d o w , ple a se ?
e ls e is g o in g to be g e ttin g to th e
l B u t w h a t if p e o p le w a n t to fig h t-in th e Yes, it is r a th e r cold.
m e e tin g a little b it m o re s lo w ly and
s tre e ts , o r in th e p a rk ?
th a t th in g s w ill p ro b a b ly s ta r t a fte r
a Of c o u rs e th a t's n o t th e s a m e . In a L e t's ea t and th e n go to the c in e m a .
w e 'v e had a c o ffe e and a c h a t as
p r o p e r bo xin g m a tc h , th e y have ru le s I'd p re fe r to go to th e cin e m a firs t.
o p p o s e d to rig h t on tim e .
to p ro te c t th e b o x e rs —
l Yeah, b u t— B ra n d o n H o te l. Can I h e lp you?
re c e iv e m oney e ig h t th e y a J u s t a s e c o n d . T he th in g is, th e y Yes. I'd lik e to b o o k a ro o m , p le a se .
have ruLes and th e re 's a re fe re e . T he
b o x e rs w e a r g lo ve s, th e re a re d o c to rs W e’ re go in g fo r a d rin k . Can you com e
g ro u p B
n e a r th e rin g . If you ban b o xin g , too?
g re y
pe o p le w ill ju s t s ta r t b o xin g ille g a lly I’ d love to . I ' l l ju s t ge t m y ja c k e t.
n e ig h b o u r
and t h a t 'll be a lo t m o re d a n g e ro u s .
w e ig h
l OK, th a t's a go od p o in t. W o u ld it be p o s s ib le to m e e t up
a A n o th e r th in g is, b e in g a b o x e r is a to m o rro w ?
jo b , you k n o w . S o m e p e o p le box to I'd ra th e r m e e t to d a y if w e can.
m a k e m o n e y, to live.
6 c e ilin g l B u t you s a id b o x e rs a re g re a t W o u ld you m in d le n d in g m e y o u r
7 e ig h t a th le te s , rig h t? d ic tio n a ry ?
8 m oney a Yes, exactly. S o rry , b u t I'd r a th e r no t. I'm u s in g it
9 w e ig h l So th e y d o n 't have to box. They co u ld do now.
10 re c e iv e a n o th e r s p o r t ... Oh, look, it's fin ish e d .
a W h a t, a lre a d y ? Oh, th a n k s a lot. H ow a b o u t c o ffe e a t th re e o 'c lo c k ?
l S orry. E rm ... w o u ld yo u lik e s o m e F o u r w o u ld be b e tte r fo r m e.
m o re c o ffe e ?
k W e ll, I'm n o t s u re a b o u t th a t. T h e re
MiGUELA A co u p le o f y e a rs ago, 1 p la n n e d is n 't ro o m , u n le s s th e y b u ild o v e r th e 1 s k ilf u l 7 tra ve l
a h o lid a y to A u s tra lia and I re a lly N o rth P a rk , and I w o u ld n 't w a n t th a t. 2 s im p le 8 po ssib le
w a n te d to, er, im p ro v e m y s p e a k in g I d o n 't th in k th e re a re e n o u g h g re e n 3 p e o p le 9 u s e fu l
b e fo re I w e n t, so I w e n t b a c k th ro u g h sp a c e s in th e to w n as it is. U h o s p ita l 10 vow el
m y c o u rs e b o o k CD and lis te n e d to 2 5 v e g e ta b le 11 u su a l
a ll th e c o n v e rs a tio n s in s h o p s and le o n a E xcuse m e. Can I a sk you, w h a t's 6 n a tio n a l 12 a w fu l
re s ta u ra n ts and th in g s lik e th a t a g a in . y o u r o p in io n a b o u t th e a irp o rt? W h e re
ASLAN OK. do you th in k it s h o u ld be?
m A nd th e n I read th e s c rip ts , a n d 1 trie d c arole I k n o w s o m e pe ople th in k w e
to s p e a k at the sa m e tim e as th e s h o u ld m ove it, b u t I d o n 't re a lly
re c o rd in g . a g re e . I use th e a ir p o r t q u ite a lo t
a You m e an you re p e a te d e a c h lin e and it's good to have th e a ir p o r t
a fte r th e re c o rd in g ? n e a r th e to w n . It's tru e w e ne ed a
m You can do th a t at firs t, yes. B u t a fte r b ig g e r a ir p o r t, b u t th e lo c a tio n is n 't a
a w h ile , you can a c tu a lly t r y to s p e a k p ro b le m .
a t th e s a m e tim e as th e p e rs o n on th e l B u t if th e y m a d e the a irp o rt b ig g e r,
re c o rd in g . th e y 'd have to b u ild o ve r the N o rth
a W ow ! A nd did it w o rk ? P a rk , w o u ld n 't th e y? S u re ly th a t
m Yeah, it g e ts e a s ie r th e m o re tim e s w o u ld n 't be a good th in g ?
you do it, of c o u rs e . You c an do it w ith c A c tu a lly , I'm n o t so s u re . I g re w up
s o n g s too, bu t th a t's m o re d iffic u lt. n e a r th a t p a rk and I d o n 't th in k it's
- a n y th in g s p e c ia l, and it's a lre a d y
a M m . W e ll, I had one te a c h e r w h o to ld
v e ry n o is y b e ca u se o f a ll th e p la n e s.
us to use d ic ta p h o n e s , y ou k n o w ?
B u t th e re 's lo ts o f lovely c o u n try s id e
Voice re c o rd e rs ?
o u ts id e th e to w n , and w e d o n 't w a n t
m Yeah, 1 kno w . A nd you can u se y o u r
to lo s e th a t.
c o m p u te r fo r th a t too.
3
a T h a t's rig h t, yeah. W e ll, w e a ll had
le o n a E xcu se m e , Leona C ook, UPC
to p re p a re a ta lk a b o u t s o m e th in g
n e w s . T h e re 's a lo t of d is c u s s io n at
- I th in k I did a ta lk a b o u t Is ta n b u l,
th e m o m e n t a b o u t th e a ir p o r t he re
a c tu a lly . So I p la n n e d and re c o rd e d it.
and w h e re it s h o u ld be. Do you have
m OK.
any th o u g h ts on th a t?
a T h e n I lis te n e d to m y ta lk , and 1 w ro te
abbas W e ll, I m ig h t be w ro n g , b u t I th in k
do w n w h a t I said.
th e y s h o u ld b u ild th e a ir p o r t n e a r
m T h a t's in te re s tin g . A nd th e n ...
Sibley. B u t n o t in th e N a tu re R eserve.
a T h e n I trie d to, er, im p ro v e th e te xt,
l B u t S a n d s to w n a lre a d y ha s an
you k n o w , to m a ke it b e tte r.
a ir p o r t. W o u ld n 't it be c h e a p e r ju s t to
m H ow did you do th a t?
m a k e th a t a ir p o r t b ig g e r?
a W e ll, I c h e c k e d m y g r a m m a r, I lo o k e d
a T h a t's a good p o in t, b u t I th in k th e y
up s o m e ne w w o rd s in a d ic tio n a ry ,
c o u ld s e ll th e la n d in S a n d s to w n . I
c h e c k e d s o m e p ro n u n c ia tio n ,
g u e s s it's w o rth a Lot of m o ney. T h en
th in g s tik e th a t. T h e n I p ra c tis e d m y
th e y c o u ld use th a t m o n e y to pay fo r
ta lk a g a in , and re c o rd e d it a g a in . I
th e n e w a irp o rt. Yeah.
re m e m b e r I re c o rd e d m y ta lk th re e o r
fo u r tim e s .
m W ow !
1 I h a v e n 't th o u g h t a b o u t it a lo t, b u t I
a Yeah. By th e end it w a s b r illia n t. No, © e
re a lly , it w a s . It w a s m u c h b e tte r. So I s u p p o s e lit s h o u ld be m o ved],

do th is s o m e tim e s w h e n I k n o w I have 2 W e ll, I'm n o t s u re a b o u t th a t.


to give a ta lk in E n g lis h . It's q u ite ha rd 3 I d o n ’t re°ally ag re e .
; w o rk , b u t it re a lly h e lp s .
4 It's tr u e (we need a b ig g e r a irp o rt, b u t
th e lo c a tio n is n ’ t a p ro b le m ).
1 © ©
5 I'm n o t so su re .
le o n a E xcuse m e, I'm Le o n a C ook fro m ©© ©
UPC ne w s. Can you t e ll us, w h a t do 6 I m ig h t be w ro n g , b u t I th in k [th ey
© a ©
you th in k a b o u t S a n d s to w n a irp o rt? s h o u ld b u ild th e a ir p o r t n e a r S ibley).
O 0 © ©
karl W e ll, I h a v e n 't th o u g h t a b o u t it a 7 T h a t's a good p o in t, b u t II th in k th e y
lo t, b u t I s u p p o s e it s h o u ld be m o ved.
c o u ld s e ll th e la n d in S a n d s to w n ],
It's v e ry o ld . I re m e m b e r w h e n it w a s
b u i l t ... th ir ty -fiv e , fo r ty y e a rs ago? 8 I g u e s s (it's w o rth a Lot of m o ney).
l F o rty -tw o y e a rs . W h a t do you th in k
a b o u t th e idea of s im p ly e x te n d in g th e
pe o p le channel usual a w fu l
a ir p o r t by b u ild in g a n o th e r te r m in a l?
W o u ld n 't th a t be b e tte r?
Vowels
S h o r t v o w e ls

hl /ae/ lul /d/ lil HI /e/ /a/


te a c h e r ago m a rrie d am book c o u ld on got jn s w im happy easy w et any cu p ' under

L o n g v o w e ls

h i/ /a:/ /u:/ /o:/ /i:/


her s h ir t a rm car b lu e to o or w a lk eat m eet

D ip th o rig s

/eo/ ho/ /us/ h i/ /ai/ /ei/ /su/ /au/


c h a ir w h e re near w e ’ re to u r . boy n o isy .nm e eye e ig h t day go o ve r out b ro w n

onsonants voiced unvoiced

Ibl Idl hi /d3/ Idl /z/ /g/ /3/


be b it m o th e r th e v e ry liv e jo b page dow n red m a g a z in e g ir l bag te le v is io n

/?/ /e/ III /tj/ /t/ /s/ /k/ /J/


p a rk s ho p Ih in k b o th fa c e la u g h c h ip s te a ch tim e w h ite see ric e co ld lo o k shoe fis h

/m/ Ini /r}/ III /r/ /w/ /]/ /h/


me nam e now ra in th in g d rrn k la te h e llo c a r ry w r ite we w h ite you yes ho t hand

174
regular i ®rls
Infinitive . Past simple Part participle
A l l fo r m s a re th e s a m e A ll fo r m s a re d iffe r e n t

bet be w a s / w e re been .
cost b e g in began begun/
cut b lo w b le w b lo w n
h it b re a k b ro k e
b ro k e n
le t can c o u ld
b e e n a b le to
put choose chose
c h o s e n •••
set do d id done
d ra w d re w d ra w n "
P a s t s im p le a n d p a s t p a r tic ip le a re th e s a m e
d r in k d ra n k d ru n k
b r in g b ro u g h t
d r iv e d ro v e d riv e n
b u ild b u il t
eat a te e a te n
b u rn b u rn e d
fa ll fa ll f a lle n
buy bought
f ly f le w flo w n
c a tc h caught
fo rg e t fo rg o t fo r g o tt e n
d re a m d re a m e d
fr e e z e fr o z e fro z e n
fe e d fe d gave
g iv e g iv e n
fe e l fe lt w ent
go b e e n / gone
fig h t fo u g h t
g ro w g re w g ro w n
f in d fo u n d
h id e h id h id d e n
get got knew
know know n
have had ro d e
r id e rid d e n
hear h e a rd
r in g ra n g ru n g
h o ld h e ld ro s e
r is e ris e n
keep kept
see saw seen
le a r n le a r n e d
shake shook shaken
le a v e le ft show show ed show n
le n d le n t
s in g sang sung .. . .
lo s e lo s t
speak spoke spoken
m ake m ade
s te a l s to le s to le n
m ean m eant
s w im sw am sw um ■
m eet m et
ta k e to o k ta k e n
pay p a id th ro w th re w th r o w n
re a d / r i: d / re a d /r e d / w oke
w ake w oken
say s a id
wear w o re w o rn
s e ll s o ld
w r ite w ro te w r it t e n
send sent
In f in itiv e a n d p a s t p a r tic ip le a re th e sa m e
shoot shot
s it sat becom e becam e becom e
s le e p s le p t com e cam e com e
s m e ll s m e lle d ru n ra n ru n
s p e ll s p e lle d
In f in itiv e a n d p a s t s im p le a re th e sa m e
spend spent
beat b e a te n
s ta n d s to o d
te a c h ta u g h t
t e ll t o ld
th in k th o u g h t
u n d e rs ta n d u n d e rs to o d
w in w on

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