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    "Stepcol" - Stepped Column Analysis: Program Description

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    Johnclaude Chamandi
    The document describes a spreadsheet program called "STEPCOL" for analyzing stepped columns. It contains 3 worksheets for documentation, calculating effective lengths and factors, and references. The program uses iterative solutions to characteristic equations from references to find the effective length of each section based on its geometry, boundary conditions, and applied loads. It provides effective lengths in feet and effective length factors relative to total column length and individual section lengths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved

    "Stepcol" - Stepped Column Analysis: Program Description

    Uploaded by

    Johnclaude Chamandi
    38 views5 pages
    The document describes a spreadsheet program called "STEPCOL" for analyzing stepped columns. It contains 3 worksheets for documentation, calculating effective lengths and factors, and references. The program uses iterative solutions to characteristic equations from references to find the effective length of each section based on its geometry, boundary conditions, and applied loads. It provides effective lengths in feet and effective length factors relative to total column length and individual section lengths.

    Original Title

    STEPCOL

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document describes a spreadsheet program called "STEPCOL" for analyzing stepped columns. It contains 3 worksheets for documentation, calculating effective lengths and factors, and references. The program uses iterative solutions to characteristic equations from references to find the effective length of each section based on its geometry, boundary conditions, and applied loads. It provides effective lengths in feet and effective length factors relative to total column length and individual section lengths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    38 views5 pages

    "Stepcol" - Stepped Column Analysis: Program Description

    Uploaded by

    Johnclaude Chamandi
    The document describes a spreadsheet program called "STEPCOL" for analyzing stepped columns. It contains 3 worksheets for documentation, calculating effective lengths and factors, and references. The program uses iterative solutions to characteristic equations from references to find the effective length of each section based on its geometry, boundary conditions, and applied loads. It provides effective lengths in feet and effective length factors relative to total column length and individual section lengths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    of 5

    "STEPCOL" --- STEPPED COLUMN ANALYSIS

    Program Description:

    "STEPCOL" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analyzing stepped columns
    typically used in mill-type buildings to determine the effective lengths and effective length K factors.

    This program is a workbook consisting of three (3) worksheets, described as follows:

    Worksheet Name Description


    Doc This documentation sheet
    Stepped Column Eff. Lengths Effective Lengths and Effective Length Factors (K)
    References References "a", "b", and "c" (as an ebedded PDF file object)

    Program Assumptions and Limitations:

    1. This program is based on the following references:


    a. "Calculation of Effective Lengths and Effective Slenderness Ratios of Stepped Columns"
    by: John P. Anderson and James H. Woodward (AISC Engineering Journal, Oct. / 1972, pages 157-166)
    b. "Calculation of Effective Lengths of Stepped Columns"
    by: Krishna M. Agrawal and Andrew P. Stafiej (AISC Engineering Journal, 4th Quarter / 1980, pages 96-105)
    c. "Calculation of Effective Lengths of Stepped Columns" (Errata)
    by: Krishna M. Agrawal and Andrew P. Stafiej (AISC Engineering Journal, Third Quarter / 1981, page 126)
    d. "Steel Design Guide 7 - Industrial Buildings, Roofs to Anchor Rods" (2nd Edition)
    by: James M. Fisher (AISC / 2004, Appendix B, pages 89-98) (Note: does not include errata from Ref. "c".)
    3. This program utilizes a simple iterative solution for determining the root, "Z", to each of the characteristic
    equations shown below, per references "a" and "b" listed above. The program calculates an initial guess
    (Zst) for "Z", evaluates the expression, increments the value of "Z" by a value equal to the initial guess, and
    then evaluates the expression again, etc., etc. The results of each pair of evaluation iterations are multiplied
    times each other to determine the location where the value passes through 0 (changes sign). Per the
    references, the first (lowest) root is the desired/correct solution to the characteristic equation, although there
    are multiple roots. Once the pair of iterations have been identified which locate the first (lowest) root, the
    program performs a linear interpolation between those two values to determine the point where "Z" = 0.
    The program performs up to a maximum of 4000 iterations to find the correct solution for "Z".
    4. This program contains “comment boxes” which contain a wide variety of information including explanations
    of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a “comment box” is denoted
    by a “red triangle” in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired
    cell to view the contents of that particular "comment box".)

    Characteristic Equations from References "a" and "b" listed above (solve for "Z"):

    Case 1: For Pinned Bottom - Pinned Top


    General: (1+PR)*(1+PR+PR/LR)*Z*COS(Z)*SIN(Z*B)+PR*(PR*(1+LR)+LR)*Z*B*SIN(Z)*COS(Z*B)-SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B) = 0
    If P1 = 0: (2+1/LR-(LR*Z*B)^2/(3*IR))*SIN(Z*B)+LR*Z*B*COS(Z*B) = 0
    If P2 = 0: Z*B*SIN(Z)*COS(Z*B)+(Z/LR)*COS(Z)*SIN(Z*B) = 0

    Case 2: For Fixed Bottom - Free Top


    General: (1+PR)*Z*COS(Z)*COS(Z*B)-LR*PR*Z*B*SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B) = 0
    If P1 = 0: COS(Z*B) = 0
    If P2 = 0: Z*B*SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B)-(Z/LR)*COS(Z)*COS(Z*B) = 0
    Case 3: For Fixed Bottom - Pinned Top
    General: 2*Z*B*SIN(Z)+(PR+1/PR)*Z*B*SIN(Z)*COS(Z*B)+(PR+LR*(1+PR))*(Z*B)^2*SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B)-
    (1+1/PR)*(1+PR+PR/LR)*Z*Z*B*COS(Z)*COS(Z*B)+(1+PR)*(Z/LR)*COS(Z)*SIN(Z*B) = 0
    If P1 = 0: 2+(LR*Z*B+1/(LR*Z*B))*SIN(Z*B)-(2+1/LR-(LR*Z*B)^2/(3*IR))*COS(Z*B) = 0
    If P2 = 0: Z*B*SIN(Z)*COS(Z*B)+(1+LR)*(Z*B)^2*SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B)+(Z/LR)*COS(Z)*SIN(Z*B)-
    (1+1/LR)*Z*Z*B*COS(Z)*COS(Z*B) = 0

    Case 4: For Fixed Bottom - Slider Top


    General: LR*Z*B*COS(Z)*SIN(Z*B)+(1+1/PR)*Z*SIN(Z)*COS(Z*B) = 0
    If P1 = 0: SIN(Z*B)+(LR*Z*B/IR)*COS(Z*B) = 0
    If P2 = 0: LR*Z*B*COS(Z)*SIN(Z*B)+Z*SIN(Z)*COS(Z*B) = 0

    Case 5: For Fixed Bottom - Fixed Top


    General: -2*(1+PR)*Z*Z*B+2*Z*Z*B*COS(Z)-2*(1+1/PR)*Z*Z*B*COS(Z*B)+2*(1+PR+1/PR)*Z*Z*B*COS(Z)*COS(Z*B)-
    (1+PR)*((Z)^2/LR+(Z*B)^2*LR)*SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B)+(PR+(1+PR)*LR)*Z*(Z*B)^2*COS(Z)*SIN(Z*B)+
    (1+1/PR)*(1+PR+PR/LR)*(Z)^2*Z*B*SIN(Z)*COS(Z*B) = 0
    If P1 = 0: 2+(LR*Z*B)^2/IR-(2-(LR*Z*B)^4/(12*IR^2)+LR*(1+LR)*(Z*B)^2/IR)*COS(Z*B)+(-Z*B+(LR*Z*B)^3/(3*IR)+
    LR*Z*B/IR)*SIN(Z*B) = 0
    If P2 = 0: (COS(Z)-COS(Z*B))*(Z*((1+LR)/LR)*SIN(Z)+COS(Z)-COS(Z*B))+(LR*SIN(Z)-Z*(1+LR)*COS(Z)+
    SIN(Z*B)/B)*(SIN(Z)/LR+B*SIN(Z*B)) = 0

    Case 6: For Pinned Bottom - Fixed Top


    General: SIN(Z*B)*(2/PR-Z*SIN(Z)*((1+LR)/LR+1/PR)-COS(Z)*(PR/(1+PR)+2/PR))+COS(Z*B)*(-B*LR*SIN(Z)+
    Z*B*COS(Z)*(1+LR-1/(1+PR))) = 0
    If P1 = 0: SIN(Z*B)*(((Z*B*LR)/2*IR)-6*IR/(Z*B*LR)^2)-6*(1+(1/LR)))+2*Z*B*COS(Z*B)*((3*IR/(Z*B*LR)^2-LR) = 0
    If P2 = 0: B*LR*COS(Z*B)*(SIN(Z)-Z*COS(Z)*(1+LR)/LR)+SIN(Z*B)*(COS(Z)+Z*SIN(Z)*(1+LR)/LR) = 0

    Case 7: For Pinned Bottom - Fixed Top


    General: ((1+PR)/PR)*Z*SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B)-LR*Z*B*COS(Z)*COS(Z*B) = 0
    If P1 = 0: LR*Z*B*SIN(Z*B)-IR*COS(Z*B) = 0
    If P2 = 0: Z*SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B)-Z*B*LR*COS(Z)*COS(Z*B) = 0
    "STEPCOL.xls" Program
    Version 1.1

    STEPPED COLUMN ANALYSIS


    For Determining Effective Lengths
    and Effective Length K Factors
    Job Name: Subject: Case 1
    Job Number: Originator: Checker: Case 2
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Case 3
    Input: Pin Free Pin Slider Fix Fix Slider Case 4
    Case 5
    End Condition Case = Case 3 Case 6
    Upper Shaft, L1 = 10.25 ft. Case 7
    Upper Shaft, I1 = 310.0 in.^4 Yes
    Upper Shaft, P1 = 23.00 kips No
    Lower Shaft, L2 = 22.00 ft.
    Lower Shaft, I2 = 2830.0 in.^4
    Lower Shaft, P2 = 69.00 kips
    Mod. of Elasticity, E = 29000 ksi Fix Fix Fix Fix
    Pin Pin Pin
    End Condition Cases
    Results: For Fixed Bottom - Pinned Top P1

    Solution Parameters:
    Total Length, LT = 32.2500 ft. LT = L1+L2
    (Upper L1,
    Length Ratio, LR = 0.4659 LR = L1/L2 Shaft) I1
    P2
    Inertia Ratio, IR = 0.1095 IR = I1/I2
    Total Load, PT = 92.00 kips PT = P1+P2
    Load Ratio, PR = 0.3333 PR = P1/P2 LT
    g1 = 0.0016 g1 = SQRT(P1/(E*I1)) (Lower L2,
    g2 = 0.0011 g2 = SQRT(PT/(E*I2)) Shaft) I2
    B= 1.4207 B = (L2/L1)*SQRT(IR*(1+P2/P1))
    Z1 = 0.1967 Z1 = g1*L1
    Z2 = 0.2795 Z2 = g2*L2
    CK = 0.1095 CK = IR Nomenclature
    DK = 0.2500 DK = P1/PT
    EK = 0.3178 EK = L1/LT
    Initial Guess, Zst = 0.0330 Zst = 0.2*p*EK*SQRT(DK*CK)
    Root of Equation, Zrt = 1.6730 Zrt = Z, solving for Z by iteration using following equation:
    General: 2*Z*B*SIN(Z)+(PR+1/PR)*Z*B*SIN(Z)*COS(Z*B)+
    (PR+LR*(1+PR))*(Z*B)^2*SIN(Z)*SIN(Z*B)-
    (1+1/PR)*(1+PR+PR/LR)*Z*Z*B*COS(Z)*COS(Z*B)
    +(1+PR)*(Z/LR)*COS(Z)*SIN(Z*B) = 0

    Effective Lengths:
    Upper Shaft, L1(eff) = 19.25 ft. L1(eff) = p*L1/Zrt (for upper shaft)
    Lower Shaft, L2(eff) = 29.08 ft. L2(eff) = p*L2/(Zrt*B) (for lower shaft) ###

    Effective Length Factors: (expressed relative to total stepped column length)


    Upper Shaft, K1 = 0.597 K1 = L1(eff)/(L1+L2) = L1(eff)/LT (for upper shaft)
    Lower Shaft, K2 = 0.902 K2 = L2(eff)/(L1+L2) = L2(eff)/LT (for lower shaft)

    Effective Length Factors: (expressed relative to upper and lower shaft lengths)
    Upper Shaft, K1 = 1.878 K1 = L1(eff)/L1 (for upper shaft)
    Lower Shaft, K2 = 1.322 K2 = L2(eff)/L2 (for lower shaft)

    Comments:

    3 of 5 12/07/2020 22:12:25
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