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Second Order Differential Part 3

This document provides an overview of the variation of parameters method for solving non-homogeneous second-order linear differential equations. It begins by presenting the general form of such an equation and describing the variation of parameters method. It then works through an example problem step-by-step to find the general solution using this method. The key steps are: determining the complementary function, calculating the Wronskian, using it to find the integrals to solve for the parameters, and combining the complementary solution with the particular solution to obtain the general solution.

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33 views7 pages

Second Order Differential Part 3

This document provides an overview of the variation of parameters method for solving non-homogeneous second-order linear differential equations. It begins by presenting the general form of such an equation and describing the variation of parameters method. It then works through an example problem step-by-step to find the general solution using this method. The key steps are: determining the complementary function, calculating the Wronskian, using it to find the integrals to solve for the parameters, and combining the complementary solution with the particular solution to obtain the general solution.

Uploaded by

nazirulali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Part 1: Non-Homogenous equation: Variation of

Parameters Method
general form
𝑎𝑦 ′′ + 𝑏𝑦 ′ + 𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥

Homogenous Non-Homogenous
𝑓 𝑥 =0 𝑓 𝑥 ≠0
1. Undetermined coefficient method
2. Variation parameters method
3. Laplace transform
 Advantage - Can be used in many more cases
𝑎𝑦 ′′ + 𝑏𝑦 ′ + 𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦1 + 𝑣𝑦2
1. Make sure 𝑎 = 1. Coefficient of second order derivative is 1.
2. Find 𝑦𝑐 = 𝐴𝑦1 + 𝐵𝑦2 (using homogenous method)
3. Calculate Wronskian
𝑦1 𝑦2
𝑊 = 𝑦′ = 𝑦 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 𝑦′
′
1 𝑦2 1 2 2 1

4. Calculate 𝑢 and 𝑣
𝑦2 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦1 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑢 = −‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 v=‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
𝑊 𝑊
4. Solution of y(x) 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦1 + 𝑣𝑦2
Type of Roots Solution
Distinct and Real roots 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
𝑚1 = 𝑟1
𝑚2 = 𝑟2

Find the general solution for


𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 2𝑒 4𝑥
1. 1. Make sure 𝑎 = 1. Coefficient of second order derivative is 1.
2. Find 𝑦𝑐 = 𝐴𝑦1 + 𝐵𝑦2 (using homogenous method)

𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 2 = 0
𝑚+2 𝑚−1 =0
𝑚1 = −2
𝑚2 = 1
𝑦𝑐 = 𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑥

𝑦1 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑦2 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 2𝑒 4𝑥

3. Calculate Wronskian
𝑦1 𝑦2
′ ′
𝑊 = 𝑦′ ′
𝑦2 = 𝑦1 𝑦 2
− 𝑦2 𝑦 1
1

−2𝑥
𝑊= 𝑒 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 −2𝑒 −2𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 2𝑒 −𝑥 = 3𝑒 −𝑥
−2𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑒𝑥
4. Calculate 𝑢 and 𝑣
𝑦2 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦1 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑢 = −‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 v=‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
𝑊 𝑊

𝑒 𝑥 2𝑒 4𝑥
𝑢= − ‫ ׬‬3𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ‫ ׬‬2𝑒 5𝑥 3𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ‫ ׬‬6𝑒 6𝑥 = − 𝑒 6𝑥 + 𝐴

𝑒 −2𝑥 2𝑒 4𝑥 2 2𝑥 𝑥 2 3𝑥 2 3𝑥
v=න 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑒 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑒 = 𝑒 + 𝐵
3𝑒 −𝑥 3 3 3
 Solution of y(x) 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦1 + 𝑣𝑦2

2
𝑦 = −𝑒 6𝑥 + 𝐴 (𝑒 −2𝑥 ) + ( 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐵)(𝑒 𝑥 )
3
1 4𝑥
𝑦= 𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒
3
1. Solve the equation by using Variation parameters method

𝑒𝑥
𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ +𝑦 =
𝑥+1

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