Grade 12 Mr.

Rodriguez 2ND TERM

Transformations.

A geometrical transformation in Math is the process of transforming/

changing a figure using turn, flip, slide or resize. Each of these words will
correspond with a specific type of transformation.

The original figure (diagram) is called pre – image. It will have an image.

As stated in chapter 41 page 347 (the purple textbook Certificate

Mathematics) “ A transformation may be defined as an operation such that
each point in the pre – image has a unique image and each point in the
image is the image of exactly one point”.

With this being said, it is clear now that this content is related to plotting
points in a plane coordinate grid (Two axes ) and finding the image of the
original(pre image) given an specific type of transformation.

As stated in chapter 41 page 347 (the purple textbook Certificate

Mathematics) a transformation is often referred to as a mapping.

A transformation therefore maps a pre –image onto an image. Also you can
say that for example as seen in the textbook page 347 quadrilateral ABCD
is the pre –image and A’B’C’D’ is its image.

Types of transformations:

Rigid Transformations: the image remains with the same shape and size

Specific Major characteristics Word

transformations associated(Beginning
of the lesson)
Rotation rotating an object about turn
a fixed point without
changing its size or
shape
Translation moving an object in slide
space without changing
its size, shape or
 orientation
Reflection flipping an object flip
across a line without
changing its size or
shape

Non – Rigid transformations: The image will change in size but not in
shape.

Specific transformation Major characteristics

Dilation Expanding(enlargement) resize
or contracting an object
without changing its
shape or orientation

In the context of your level, you will be require to identify, describe fully
and perform the different types of transformations, for which we are going
to share the guidelines.

There are two scenarios that you would be asked for.

 A graph with an original shape and its image might be given for you
to identify and describe fully 3 or 4 transformations that maps the
original shape into its image
 The vertices coordinates for a shape would be given for you to plot
the original shape on a graph paper and then questions might be
given for you to perform several single transformations to that
original shape that you plotted. Vertices are points (x,y)

1ST SCENARIO

When identifying and/or describing fully you would be required to indicate

the following elements based on the type of transformation:

If you see that the image remains the same size, then is one of the rigid
transformations.
If it is Reflection, state the equation of the line that was used to reflect.
Core candidates, the line would be either horizontal or vertical, if it is y = #
it is a horizontal line, if it is x=# it is a vertical line. You learnt this in grade
11. Extended candidates, the line of reflection might be a slanted line, for
such there is a procedure.

If it is Rotation, state the angle ( 90, 180, 270 or 360 degrees), the direction
(clockwise or anticlockwise) and whether the rotation was about the origin
(core candidates) or not. If not state the coordinate of the point.(only
extended candidate)

If it is a dilation, state whether it is an enlargement or a contraction and the

scale factor. Also provide the center of enlargement: for core candidates
usually the center is (0,0) but for paper 3(extended candidates) the center
of the enlargement might be in a different point. For such there is a
procedure. If it is an enlargement, the scale factor would be grater than 1,
for a contraction the scale factor would be less than 1

If it is a translation, specify the column vector that was used.

These are the elements you would be required to state when the
question asks Describe fully and identify the transformations.

For now read, get familiar with the terms and get ready.

2ND SCENARIO

When performing the different transformations, it will be given to you

the original shape on a grid or the coordinate of each vertex for you to plot
the points and draw the pre image (original shape) as you will see on the
past papers.

Common Rotations.

An instructional video will be made for you to better understand what it

comes.
If the question asks for a 90 degrees rotation about the origin, this is what
you will do:

1. Swap the coordinates of each original vertex

2. If it is requested clockwise: change the sign of the new “y” value.
If it is requested anticlockwise: change the sign of the “x” new value.

If the question asks for a 180 degrees rotation about the origin, this is what
you will do:

1. Change the signs of every coordinate of every original vertex. The

order remains the same, only change the signs.

A 270 degrees rotation clockwise about the origin is exactly the same as
asking for 90 degrees rotation anticlockwise.

A 270 degrees rotation anticlockwise about the origin is exactly the same
as asking for 90 degrees rotation clockwise.

A 360 degrees rotation will result in the same original given shape.

For extended candidates only:

When performing rotation about a point (x,y), that point becomes the new
origin of the grid. That point would be an imaginary (0,0), in other words the
origin of the grid changes.

Based on that new origin, new coordinates would be defined for the original
shape.

Once the new coordinates are found, then you perform the steps previously
stated based on the kind of rotation.

Also you might get a question to perform a reflection on a line that is not
horizontal, nor vertical but slanted. This is a description of what you would
do: Represent the reflection line. Draw a light line thru each original vertex
that intercept and passes the reflection line, you shall have 3 parallel lines.
The image vertices would be on the other side of the reflection line at the
same distance as the distance from the original vertices to the reflection
line and those image vertices would be located on the different light parallel
lines drawn before.

Core and Extended candidates.

When the question asks to do a translation thru a given column vector, the
top numbers indicates to move on the x axes, left if it is negative, right if it is
positive. The bottom number indicates to move on the y axes, up if it is
positive, down if it is negative. Also you will notice that if you know the
coordinates of the original shape, you add or subtract the top number from
the x given and add or subtract the buttom number from the y given.
Therefore you will get the coordinates of the image.

When the questions asks to do a reflection thru a given line, all you do is to
draw the line first and see how far is each vertex from the line and project
the same distance from the line to obtain the new vertices, then draw the
shape.

When the questions asks to do a dilation (enlargement or contraction)

multiply each original coordinate by the scale factor and you will get the
new coordinates. Represent those new points and draw the shape.

Study carefully the following links, play the videos, take notes, and get
exposed.

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/transformations.html

https://study.com/academy/lesson/transformations-in-math-definition-graph-
quiz.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJTxv-tRKj0&t=127s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiAoUDfrar0&t=188s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3lN_BADmPQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqHWdTLL8Qw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1X_UIOvEwA

EXAMPLE 1

(03,2, 15) MODIFIED A BIT.

TASK 1

USING A SCALE OF 1CM TO 1 UNIT ON EACH

AXIS, THE X AXIS WILL GO FROM -4 TO 8 AND
THE Y – AXIS FROM -6 TO 6. DRAW THE
COORDINATE PLANE SHOWING THIS INFO.
TASK 2
PLOT THE FOLLOWING SHAPE DEFINED BY THE
FOLLOWING POINTS AND STATE THE NAME OF
IT BASED ON THE NUMBER OF SIDES.
A(1,2) B(1,1) C(3,1) D(3,0) E(4,0) F(4,2)
TASK 3
Assignment:

Core and Extended candidates

Answer the following questions. Answer 3 for the first 2 weeks and 4 in the
third week.

09,2,15

14,2,16

15, 2, 16

18,2,16

16,2,16

19,2,16

10,2,15

06,2, 14

20,2,16

13,2,16

Extended candidates
11,3,14

07,3,13

04,3, 14