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Ultimate Tensile Strength Breaking Strength Elongation

1) A tensile test directly measures a material's ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation, and reduction in area. From these measurements, a material's Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics can also be determined. 2) Tensile modulus is calculated by dividing the incremental tensile stress by the engineering extensional strain in the linear (elastic) region of the stress-strain curve. Indentation modulus depends on parameters like the Poisson ratio and Young's modulus of the tested and indenter materials, as well as the contact stiffness and projected contact area determined from the indentation test. 3) The projected contact area and depth of contact used

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76 views2 pages

Ultimate Tensile Strength Breaking Strength Elongation

1) A tensile test directly measures a material's ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation, and reduction in area. From these measurements, a material's Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics can also be determined. 2) Tensile modulus is calculated by dividing the incremental tensile stress by the engineering extensional strain in the linear (elastic) region of the stress-strain curve. Indentation modulus depends on parameters like the Poisson ratio and Young's modulus of the tested and indenter materials, as well as the contact stiffness and projected contact area determined from the indentation test. 3) The projected contact area and depth of contact used

Uploaded by

NaveenDarwin
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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(Q1)

 Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are

1. ultimate tensile strength, 

2.breaking strength,

3.maximum elongation and

4. reduction in area.

 From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: 

1.Young's modulus,

2. Poisson's ratio,

3. yield strength, and 

4.strain-hardening characteristics.

Q(2)

Tensile modulus E Tensile modulus E is calculated by dividing the measured incremental


tensile stress σ by the engineering extensional strain ε in the linear (elastic) region of the
occurring stress-strain curve, applying the classical Hooke’s law at a constant strain rate,

E=/.
Plotting stress as a function of strain, the value of elastic modulus is determined by means of
a linear fit, below the yield point y,
Indentation modulus EIT The method for measuring indentation modulus by indentation
technique was introduced by Oliver and Pharr in 1992 [7]. Indentation modulus EIT depends
on several parameters and boundary conditions and it is expressed as:
𝐸𝐼𝑇 = 1−𝜈𝑠 2 2√𝐴𝑝 𝑆√𝜋 − 1−𝜈𝑖 2 𝐸𝑖

(1) where s is the Poisson ratio of tested material, i and Ei are the Poisson ratio and
the Young’s modulus of the indenter material, S is contact stiffness, i.e. the
incremental ratio between unloading force and related displacement at maximum
depth of indentation and Ap is the projected contact area, i.e. the value of the
indenter area function at the contact depth. The projected contact area Ap depends
on the depth hc of the contact of the indenter with the sample at FMAX and on type
of indenter: for Vickers diamond pyramidal indenter, with a vertex angle ,

Ap=(2hc ∙tan2)2
and for Brinell tungsten carbide spherical indenter, with a radius R,
Ap=hc ∙(2R-hc).
In both cases, the depth hc of the contact of the indenter with the sample at FMAX,
is determined as a function of frame compliance Cf , as follows:
ℎ𝑐 = ℎMAX − 𝜀 ∙ 𝐹MAX 𝑆 − 𝐶𝑓 ∙ 𝐹MAX

in which hMAX is the maximum indentation depth, FMAX is the maximum of applied
force,  is a value depending on the indenter geometry and the extent of plastic yield
in the contact (for both Vickers and Brinell =0.75), S is the contact stiffness and Cf is
determined, for each single measurement as a function of maximum experimental
indentation depth hMAX and the indentation depth hv measured from the actual
hardness impression on the sample [4], i.e.,
Cf = (hMAX- hv)/FMAX.

In particular for Vickers indenter hv=0.5l∙cot(0.5), in which l is the side length


measured from the actual hardness impression, and for Brinell indenter
hv=R-(R 2 -r 2 ) ½

in which r is the measured radius of the resulting hardness impression on the


sample.

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