MEC523- APPLIED ELECTRONIC AND MICROPROCESSOR

ARDUINO EXPERIMENT REPORT

NAME STUDENT ID

ADRY BIN ABDUL RAHIM 2016218454

MUHAMMAD ASYRAAF BIN HADZORMI 2016229462

LECTURER: ABDUL MALEK ABDUL WAHAB

CLASS: EMD6M6A

DUE DATE: 8TH APRIL 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 3

2.0 THEORY.................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 BLINKING LED.................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 PIEZO ELEMENTS.................................................................................................................................5
2.3 MINI SERVO.............................................................................................................................................5

3.0 CODING..................................................................................................................................... 6
3.1 BLINKING LED.......................................................................................................................................6
3.2 PIEZO ELEMENTS.................................................................................................................................6
3.3 MINI SERVO.............................................................................................................................................7

4.0 RESULT..................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 BLINKING LED.......................................................................................................................................8
4.2 PIEZO ELEMENTS.................................................................................................................................8
4.3 MINI SERVO.............................................................................................................................................9

5.0 DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................................... 10
5.1 BLINKING LED.................................................................................................................................... 10
5.2 PIEZO ELEMENTS..............................................................................................................................10
5.3 MINI SERVO..........................................................................................................................................11

6.0 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................... 12
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Arduino is known as an open-source microcontroller platform designed for students,

artists, designers, researchers, and hobbyists to learn programming, fast prototype and
put their creative ideas into final professional production with quite low cost. Since
the boot loader has been programmed into the onboard microcontroller, developers
can upload the programs/sketches to on board flash memory without using a special
programmer. Developers can compile and upload sketches with only one software
environment which is, the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The
overall goal of this kit is fun. Beyond this, the aim is to get the students comfortable
using wide range of electronic components through small, simple and easy circuits.
The focus is to get each circuit working then giving us the tools to figure out why.

Figure 1: Arduino Uno 3 Ultimate Starter Kit Figure 2: Arduino (IDE) icon

In this experiment, we are using Arduino Uno as it is one of the most economical
boards of Arduino family and is widely used because of its small number of input
output pins and reduced size. The experiment is started with Blinking LED. LED’s
(light emitting diodes) are included in this kit because they are used in all sorts of
cleverthing. We start off with something very simple, turning one on and off
repeatedly, producing a pleasant blinking effect and performed by varies the delay
values. Next, we proceed with Piezo Elements which tackle sound. A piezo is an
electronic device that generates a voltage when it is physically deformed by a
vibration, sound wave, or mechanical strain. Similarly, when a voltage is put across a
piezo, it vibrates and creates a tone. Piezos can be used both to play tones and to
detect tones.

Figure 3: Servo Motor

Lastly, the experiment is performed for Servo Motor which used for precise control of
angular rotation. Servo motor is an electrical device which can be used to rotate
objects such as robotic arm precisely. It consists of DC motor with error sensing
negative feedback mechanism. This allows precise control over angular velocity and
position of motor. In some cases, AC motors are used. It is a closed loop system
where it uses negative feedback to control motion and final position of the shaft.
However, it is not used for continuous rotation like conventional AC/DC motors. It
has rotation angle that varies from 0° to 180°. Positioning is controlled through a
timed pulse, between 1.25 milliseconds (0 degrees), 1.75 milliseconds (180 degrees)
and 1.5 milliseconds (90 degrees). Timing varies between manufacturer. If the pulse
is sent every 25-50 milliseconds the servo will run smoothly. One of the great features
of the Arduino is it has a software library that allows to control two servos connected
to pin 9 or 10 using a single line of code.
2.0 SCHEMATIC AND APPARATUS
2.1 BLINKING LED
2.2 PIEZO ELEMENTS
2.3 MINI SERVO
3.0 CODING
3.1 BLINKING LED

Figure 4: Coding (Blink)

3.2 PIEZO ELEMENTS

Figure 5: Coding (Piezo)

3.3 MINI SERVO

Figure 6: Coding (Servo)

4.0 RESULT
4.1 BLINKING LED

Figure 7: Complete circuit (Blink)

Figure 8: LED light up

4.2 PIEZO ELEMENTS

Figure 9: Complete circuit (Piezo)

*check the video for buzzing sound

4.3 MINI SERVO

Figure 10: Complete circuit (Mini Servo)

*check the video for buzzing sound

5.0 DISCUSSION
5.1 BLINKING LED:

Q – What happen if delay increase?

-When the delay at `high` in the programme increase, the duration of led lights on
increase.
-When the delay at `low` in the programme increase, the duration of led lights off also
increases.
-This will cause the led blinks slowly.

Q – What happen if delay decrease?

-When the delay at `high` in the programme decrease, the duration of led lights on
decrease.
-When the delay at `low` in the programme decrease, the duration of led lights off
also decreases.
This will cause the led blinks fast.

Figure 11: Delay at High and Low

5.2 PIEZO ELEMENTS
Q – What happen if delay increase?
-When the delay at `tempo` in the programme increase, the duration of sound on
increase.
-This will cause the sound blinks slowly.

Q – What happen if delay decrease?

-When the delay at `tempo` in the programme decrease, the duration of sound on
decrease.
-This will cause the sound blinks fast.

Figure 12: Delay of sound (tempo)

5.3 MINI SERVO

Q – Angle change?

-When the pos for both loop in the program is set up to 180, the servo turns 180
degree repeatedly clockwise and anti-clockwise.

-When the pos for both loop in the program is set up to 90, the servo turns 90 degree
repeatedly clockwise and anti-clockwise.

-When the pos for both loop in the program is set up to 270, the servo turns 180
degree repeatedly clockwise and anti-clockwise.

Q – What happen if delay increase/decrease?

-When the delay increase, the rotation speed become slower.
-When the delay decrease, the rotation speed become faster.

Figure 13: Angle Change (pos)

Figure 14: Delay of Angle rotation speed

6.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we learned that the delay of the led and sound blinking can be
adjusted for specific application emergency light that blinks repeatedly which
commonly used in car when the seat belt is not used when driving. The sound also
used by ambulance to make emergency sound repeatedly when carrying patient.
Therefore, it can be said that the blinking and repeating sound is important in daily
use. For servomotors are used in applications such as robotics, CNC machinery or
automated manufacturing because of its precise movement. However, the servo that
we used rotation was limited to 180 degree of less. Therefore, advance servo needed
to perform more than 180 degree rotation.