A Seminar Report

On

WATER RESOURCE AND SUPPLY

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

by

BASHABATHINI SAI CHARAN

(Regd. No:B18CE031)

Under the Esteemed guidance of

DR. D. HARI KRISHNA

Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, WARANGAL
(An Autonomous Institute under Kakatiya University)

2018-2022

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

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 KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
WARANGAL

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “WATER RESOURCE

AND SUPPLY” is the work done by BASHABATHINI SAI CHARAN
bearing roll no. B18CE031, under graduate student of Department of Civil
engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Science, Warangal in the
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology under my supervision and guidance during the academic year
2020-2021.

Seminar Guide Seminar Coordinators

Dr .D. HARI KRISHNA , 1. K.V.RAMANA,

Associate Professor, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, 2. D.VARAPRASAD ,
Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Assistant Professor,
Science, Warangal - 506015. Department of Civil Engineering,
Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Scie
Warangal - 506015.

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 ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to develop the, what are the water

resource and how we should develop all the water resource and how we

should use the resourced water and how to we supply it. There are

scheme in Telangana state who we should develop water resource and we

should supply. For the gain of water Mission Kakatiya is one of the most

succeed project in the Telangana regaining and recharging of water, for

supplying of water there is Mission Bhagiratha it is most succeed water

supply project. Nail hole is about recharging of ground water. Mission

bhagiratha is about to ensure safe and sustainable PIPED drinking water

supply from surface water sources. Mission kakatiya is about to increase

the water capacity in lakes. At present nail hole is going one of the best

process to recharge ground water.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 03
LIST OF FIGURES 05
LIST OF TABLES 06
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 The World's Water - Distribution of Earth's Water 07

1.2 Mission Kakatiya 08
1.3 Mission Bhagiratha 10
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General 13
2.1.1 Mission Bhagiratha for drinking water supply in Telangana state 13
2.1.2 Mission kakatiya for restoration of tanks and water bodies in
Telangana 14
2.1.3 Reviving Minor Irrigation in Telangana Midterm Assessment of
Mission Kakatiya 14
3. CASE STUDY
3.1 Restoration of Tank 16
3.2 Water Distribution 18
4. CONCLUSION 24
5. REFERENCES 23

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 LIST OF FIGURES
S no Figure number Tittle Page
no
1 1.1.1 Pie chart about water resource 07
2 1.3.2 Intake well at SRSP near Velmal, SRSP 11
Adilabad segment
3 3.1.3 Paddy area irrigated by groundwater and tank in 17
base and study years

4 3.1.3 Productivity change of major crops in the second 18

year after silt application
5 3.2.1 Structure showing WTP, OHBR and pump house 19
6 3.2.2 Laying of MS pipeline, Yellore segment in 19
progress
7 3.2.3 Over Head Service Reservoir (OHSR) 20

8 3.2.4 Supply of water to the household 20

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 LIST OF TABLES

S no Figure number Tittle Page no

1 1.2.1 Schedule of the project 10
2 1.3.1 Groundwater levels recorded in different 17
mandals
3 3.1.2 Segment wise details of the project 20

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The World's Water - Distribution of Earth's Water

The Earth is a watery place. But just how much water exists on, in, and
above our planet? About 71 percent of the Earth's surface is water-covered,
and the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of all Earth's water. Water also exists
in the air as water vapor, in rivers and lakes, in icecaps and glaciers, in the
ground as soil moisture and in aquifers, and even in you and your dog.
This bar chart shows how almost all of Earth's water is saline and is found in
the oceans. Of the small amount that is actually freshwater, only a relatively
small portion is available to sustain human, plant, and animal life.

Figure: 1.1.1 Pie chart about water resource

• In the first bar, notice how only 2.5% of Earth's water is freshwater -
the amount needed for life to survive.

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• The middle bar shows the breakdown of freshwater. Almost all of it is
locked up in ice and in the ground. Only a little more than 1.2% of all
freshwater is surface water, which serves most of life's needs.
• The right bar shows the breakdown of surface freshwater. Most of this
water is locked up in ice, and another 20.9% is found in lakes. Rivers make
up 0.49% of surface freshwater. Although rivers account for only a small
amount of freshwater, this is where humans get a large portion of their water
from.
1.2 MISSION KAKATIYA
The objective of Mission Kakatiya is to enhance the development of
agriculture based income for small and marginal farmers, by accelerating the
development of minor irrigation infrastructure, strengthening community
based irrigation management and adopting a comprehensive programme for
restoration of tanks.
INTRODUCTION
The Government has prioritized to take the restoration of minor irrigation
tanks to restore them to store their original capacity and to effectively utilize
255 TMC of water allocated for Minor irrigation sector under Godavari &
Krishna River basins.
•The minimum ayacut that can be irrigated with the above allocated water is
about 20 lakh acres.
•But as per the statistics the ayacut now being irrigated is only about 9 to 10
lakh acres under Minor Irrigation tanks. Thus, there is a gap ayacut of about
10 lakh acres.
•The reasons for this gap ayacut under Minor Irrigation tanks are due to.

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•1) Loss of water storage capacity of tanks due to accumulation of silt in
tank beds over a long period
•2) Due to dilapidated sluices, weirs and weak bunds
•3) Due to defunct of feeder channels
•4) Due to dilapidated condition of Irrigation canals
A reconciliation survey was conducted to identify the exact number of all
types of Minor irrigation sources in Telangana State. As persurvey 46,531
No of M.I, Small tanks, Percolation tanks, Private Kuntas and Small tanks
(constructed by Forest Department) were identified for restoration.
The massive programme for Restoration of tanks is named as
"ChinnaNeetiVanarulaPunaruddarana" and it is renamed as "Mission
Kakatiya".
The Govt is planned to restore 9,306 Tanks every year (20% of total tanks)
with an eventual target of restoring all 46,531 tanks in 5 years, in a phased
manner
The present programme of "MISSION KAKATIYA" is to bring this gap
ayauct of 10 lakh acres in to command which requires no further allocation
of water and also land acquisition.
This gap ayacut of 10 lakh acres under Minor Irrigation tanks can be brought
to Irrigation.

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 Table: 1.2.1 SCHEDULE OF THE PROJECT
• 1) By de-silting the tank beds to restore original water storage
capacity of tanks.
• 2) By repairing dilapidated sluices, weirs etc
• 3) By strengthening the tank bunds to its original standards
• 4) By repairing the feeder channels to standards for getting water
freely into tanks.( Part of chain of tanks.

1.3 MISSION BHAGIRATHA:

• To ensure safe and sustainable PIPED drinking water supply from
surface water sources at:
– 100 LPCD ( liter per capita per day) for rural areas,
– 135 LPCD for Municipalities
– 150 LPCD for Municipal Corporations
– 10% Quantity allocated to Industrial requirements
• To provide each household with a tap connection.

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• 10% of water in all Irrigation sources reserved for Drinking Water.
• Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) - 113Nos are in the mission

ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME:

The typical elements/components of the water supply scheme are as given
below:

Figure:1.3.1 Intake well at SRSP near Velmal, SRSP Adilabad segment

 Source/Intake:
 Intake structures are used for collecting raw water from the surface
sources such as river, lake and reservoir and conveying it further to
Water Treatment Plant (WTP). Raw water from a surface water lake
or reservoir is drawn into the plant through intake structures. Large
debris like logs are prevented from entering and zebra mussel control
is performed at the intake.
 WTP:
 Water treatment generally consists of three steps i.e. Aeration,
Coagulation, Clarification, Filtration and Disinfection.
 Aeration brings water and air in close contact in order to remove
dissolved gases (such as carbon dioxide) and oxidizes dissolved

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 metals such as iron, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile organic chemicals
(VOCs). Aeration is often the first major process at the treatment
plant.
 In coagulation, we add a chemical such as alum which produces
positive charges to neutralize the negative charges on the particles.
Then the particles can stick together, forming larger particles which
are more easily removed.
 Clarification refers to the separation of particles from the water
stream. By slower mixing, turbulence causes the flocculated water to
form larger floc particles that become cohesive and increase in mass.
This visible floc is kept in suspension until large enough to settle
under the influence of gravity.
 Chemical addition destabilizes the particle charges and prepares them
for clariflocculation either by settling or floating out of the water
stream.
 Disinfection maintains a residual to protect water supply through the
supply network. Supplemental chlorine is added to maintain
disinfection concentrations while the water is pumped through the
distribution system. The purpose is to ensure minimum residual
disinfectant levels at the farthest points of the system.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

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 2.1 GENERAL
In these there are mainly four research papers are chosen that are depends on
the WATER RESOURCE AND SUPPLY (MISSION KAKATIYA &
MISSION BHAGIRATHA).
2.1.1 Mission Bhagiratha for drinking water supply in Telangana state.
This research paper is taken from the source of research gate. For these
research papers the authors are B. ARUNACHALAM, Dr.S.V.N.Rao .

Telangana Drinking Water Supply Corporation Limited (TDWSCL) is the

nodal agency for implementation of Telangana Drinking Water Supply
Project (TDWSP) in the state. TDWSP is a flagship programme of the newly
constituted state of Telangana. The Objective of the project is to ensure safe
and sustainable PIPED drinking water supply from surface water sources at
100 LPCD (litres per capita per day) for rural areas, 135 LPCD for
Municipalities, 150 LPCD for Municipal Corporations and 10% to meet
Industrial requirements. The Project comprises of 26 segments in 9 districts
and supply water to 62, 01,552 habitations which covers the pipeline of
entire state is of about 1.697 lakh Km and it includes 19 nos. of intake
structures, 549 nos. of Over Head Balancing Reservoirs, 550 nos. of Ground
Level Balancing Reservoirs & sumps, 35,573 nos. of Village Over Head
Service Reservoirs and 153 nos. of Water Treatment Plants.

2.1.2 Mission kakatiya for restoration of tanks and water bodies in

Telangana

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This research paper is taken from the source of research gate. For these
research papers the authors are Deshpande Sridhar Rao, Veeraboma Ajay
Kumar and Menaka Devender

It will decrease the wetting levels of the soil with the increase of water
retention capacity. It improves the ground water levels with the help of De-
silting. Further, it will enhance the availability of water in the tanks even in
the summer season for irrigational purpose and as well as for drinking water
purposes. The ground water will reduce significantly due to de-silting the
fluoride content. Fertilizer usage can be reduced by using the silt to the
plants. It will increase the production of cotton, chilies etc. around 30 per
cent. The main use of the mission Kakatiya is for agriculture. With the
implementation of the programme the crops get more yield and the
agricultural practices reaches to the Stable Position. The plant output can be
increased by using the dug mud in the field. This programme will increase
the water level strength of Telangana state. Further, it will enhance the water
level in well and Bore-Wells.

2.1.3 Reviving Minor Irrigation in Telangana Midterm Assessment of

Mission Kakatiya

This research paper is taken from the source of research gate. For these
research papers the authors are Manisha Shah, Bharti and Shilp Verma.

Mission Kakatiya positive benefits to the village agrarian economy – in

terms of expansion of irrigated area; enhanced groundwater recharge;
reduction in cost of cultivation; improved crop productivity; and positive

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spill over impacts on fisheries, toddy tapping and cattle herding. However,
the quality of implementation and responsiveness of the village community
has not been uniform across the districts. The tanks were filled up with silts
and shrubs. Around 4000 trucks were needed to carry the silt and plants
from the tank. The police also built a three meters width bund around the
tank. In the year 2017 all the tanks of the state are filled with the rain water.
This water is used to irrigate the 150 acres of land.

CHAPTER - 3

CASE STUDY

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3.1 RESTORTION OF TANK:

 Author has selected one tank in each district

 The restoration of tank involves the works strengthening of bund,
clearing of jungle on bund, desiltataion of bed, construction of weir
and sluice. The following works has been taken up under the program.

• (a) Repairs to Bund, Weir & Sluices.

• (b) Re-sectioning of Irrigation Channels & Repairs to CM&CD works
• (c) De-siltation and application of silt application in farm lands
• (d) Restoration of Feeder Channel to the tank.
• (e) Raising of FTL, wherever possible
• (f) Demarcation of tank area.

RESULT:

 Irrigation intensity has been increased by 45.6% over the base year
which is mainly due to the improved water retention capacity in the
tanks, post restoration works.
 Bhar (2016) noted that as a result of tank desilng, water levels in
nearby open wells and borewells improved by 10-15 feet. Farmers
from 14 blocks also reported addional 3-5 months of water availability
in their wells, which has helped them irrigate crops in. Without
accounng for rainfall Rabi variaon across years, secondary data
sources show a premonsoon water level decline of 4.5 m and post
monsoon water level improvement of 2.7 m between 2014 and 2016

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Table:3.1.1 Groundwater levels recorded in different mandals

Figure: 3.1.2 Paddy area irrigated by groundwater and tank in base and study
years

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 • Figure:3.1.3 Productivity change of major crops in the second year
after silt application
3.2 WATER DISTRIBUTION
 The scope of the project in rural areas includes intra-village service
reservoirs, construction and stribution network
 Telangana State suffers from chronic drought conditions scarcity of
drinking water-deficit rainfall in 6 years during last decade And to
provide tap connection to each household in the state.
 The entire project comprises of 26 segments in 9 districts of
Telangana state
 Sourcing water from major rivers or reservoirs fed by the these rivers
 Purify the raw water in near water treatment plant
 Pump treated water to major OHSRs and sumps at the highest point
 Transmit from the higher point through secondary pipeline network to
all the habitations by gravity (98%)
 Distribute to each house hold through a modern rationalised intra
village network by providing tap connections to each house hold

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 • Figure :3.2.1 Structure showing WTP, OHBR and pump house

• Figure:3.2.2 Laying of MS pipeline, Yellore segment in progress

RESULT:

 10% of water in all Irrigation sources reserved for Drinking Water.

 Telangana state supplying safely drinking water to each and every
household (100 LPCD for rural areas,135 LPCD for
Municipalities,150 LPCD for Municipal Corporation)

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 Figure:3.2.3 Over Head Service Reservoir (OHSR)

• Figure :3.2.4 Supply of water to the household

No District Segment Name
.
1 Mahabubnagar Srisailam-Gudipally-Mahabubnagar
Part-I,II Primary &Secondary segment
2 Mahabubnagar Jurala segment
3 Rangareddy HMWSSB-Medchal segment
4 Rangareddy Srisailam segment
5 Nalgonda AKBR segment
6 Nalgonda NSP Tailpond segment
7 Nalgonda Nalgonda-Augmentation segment
8 Medak Singur-Narayankhed, Andole, Medak
9 Medak Singur-Sangareddy segment
10 Medak Singur-Narsapur segment
11 Medak HMWSSB – Gajwel segment
12 Nizamabad SRSP Balkonda-segment
13 Nizamabad Singur-Jukkal, Bhodan segment
14 Karimnagar SRSP-Korutla, Jagtial segment
15 Karimnagar MMD-Sircilla and Yellampally-Peddapally

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 No District Segment Name
.
segment
16 Karimnagar L Madugu-Manthani, Bhupalapalli segment
17 Karimnagar LMD-Karimnagar, Ramadugu segment
A
17 Karimnagar LMD-Manakondur, Husnabad, Huzurabad
B segment
18 Adilabad SRSP-Adilabad segment
19 Adilabad Komarambheem-Asifabad segment
20 Adilabad Yellampally-Mancherial and Kaddem segment
21 Warangal Palair segment-17 mandals in Wgl + 1 mandal
Kmm districts
22 Warangal Godavari-Mangapet
23 Warangal LMD-Manakondur extn-parkal, Ghanpur,
Warangal
24 Warangal HMWSSB metro segment
25 Khammam Godavari-Kothagudem segment
26 Khammam Palair and Wyra segments

Table:3.2.5 Segment wise details of the project

Comparative Analysis and Deficiencies:
• The mission kakatiya has increased the Ground Water, Agriculture
and Fisheries departments.
• It is planned to restore all the 46,531MI Sources over a period of five
years @20% per year
• Before the mission bhagiratha there is lot of drinking water problem
to rural and urban areas after mission bhagiratha there is no drinking
water problem each and every household.
• After implementing the mission kakatiya and mission bhagiratha there
lot of development in the state economically

CHAPTER 4

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 CONCLUSION

 Rise of Ground water Levels in Tank influence zone which helps in

aquifer recharge

 Application of silt in the fields reduces the use of chemical fertilizers

and improves water retention capacity of the soil

 Bridging the 63% of existing gap ayacut and stabilization of ayacut

under minor irrigation.

 The Mission Bhagiratha a flagship project of Telangana state is

making tremendous physical progress without any dearth of funds

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 CHAPTER 5
REFERENCES:

[1]Aryan, S.P., Singh, R. and Varthini, P. (2017): “Assessment of Mission

Kakaya in Telangana”. Unpublished internship report. Anand: IWMI-Tata
Water Policy Program.

[2]M.R. (2017): The Kakaya legacy of pro-poor governance and water

management and its revival through Mission Kakaya. Journal of US-China
Public Administraon, 14(4):198-209.

[3] Cpheeo 1999, a manual on water supply and treatment by central public
health and environmental engineering organization, ministry of urban
development, government of India, New Delhi.

[4] CGWB (2010) Ground Water Exploration in Andhra Pradesh. Central

Ground Water Board, Southern Region, Ministry of Water Resources, River
Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, p207.

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