Computer Aided Part

Programming

Compiled by:
Prof. A. M. Gohil
Institute of technology
Nirma university
Why it is needed?
 Large amount of manual calculation
 Improve accuracy
 Reliability
 Computer help in proving the part
program
 Same part program can be used for all
the machine
System Configuration
Part Program
Processor
Input

Cutter Location
Data

Post Processor/
Universal NC Blocks
Post processor
Computer Aided Part
Programming system
 Procedural system
 APT (Automatically Programmed Tools)
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1952
 UNIAPT, ADAPT, NELAPT, EXAPT
 GNC, GTL, COMPACT-II
 Graphical systems
 Mastercam, Edgecam, Pro-e, Catia, Ideas
APT Language Structure
 Punctuation
 Words
 Keywords
 Symbols
 Labels
 Numbers
 Angles
 Arithmatic
Punctuation
/ P1 = POINT/20.0, 40.0, 60.0
= C1=CIRCLE/25,50,30
() BA = 5 * (4 + 2)
$ P1 = POINT/20.0, 40.0, $
60.0
$$ $$ Programer Name
) 1234)
Words
 It is build up from one to six letters or
numerals with the first one being a
letter.
 P, P00001
 No special character is allowed in the
word
Keywords
 Reserved names
 All key words are made up of two to six
letters, without any numerals
 POINT, CIRCLE, RIGHT, TANTO, INTOF
 Keywords are divided in two class:
 MAJOR word
 It defines the type of the statement.
 MINOR word
 It gives required parameters and modifiers.
 P2 = POINT/INTOF, L1, L2
Symbols
 They are the words used as substitutes for
geometrical definitions and numerical values.
 First character of the symbol must be a letter.
 A symbol cannot be the same as key words.
 A symbol must be defined before it is
referenced in a subsequent part program.
 P1 = POINT/20.0, 40.0, 60.0
Labels
 Label names are used to reference a
statement so that control can be transferred
to that statement changing the usual linear
executing sequence.
 Labels are identical to words with the
difference that all the characters in a label
can be numerical.
 A label must be terminated by a right
parenthesis.
 1234)
Numbers
 If a number is unsigned, the positive
sign is assumed.
 No distinction is made between integer
and real numbers.
 -1234.0
 259.0
 0.145
Angles
 Angles are quoted as degrees and
decimal fractions of a degree
 Ex. 13 42’ would be 13.70.
 Angles have a positive value when
measured in an anti-clockwise direction
from the positive X-axis.
Arithmatic
() Parenthesis
** Exponentiation
*, / Multiplication, Division
+, - Plus, Minus

ABS, SQRT, SIN etc.

Types of statement in APT
language
 Geometry statement
 POINT, CIRCLE, LINE
 Motion statements
 GOTO, FROM, CUTTER
 Post processor statements
 COOLNT, RAPID, END, MACHIN
 Auxiliary statements
 CLPRNT, INTOL, OUTTOL
POINT by rectangular
coordinate system

P1 = POINT/20.0, 40.0, 60.0

POINT by intersection of two
lines

P2 = POINT/INTOF, L1,L2
POINT by intersection of line
and a circle

XSMALL
XLARGE
XSMALL
YSMALL
XLARGE
YLARGE
YSMALL
YLARGE

P3 = POINT/XSMALL, INTOF,L1,C1
POINT by intersection of two
circle

P3 = POINT/XSMALL, INTOF,C1,C2
POINT by polar coordinates

THETAR
YZPLAN
ZXPLAN

P1 = POINT/RTHETA, XYPLAN, 141.42,45

POINT on a circle at an angle
with x-axis

P1 = POINT/C1, ATANGL, 42
POINT at center of a circle

P1 = POINT/CENTRE, C1
LINE by two points

L1 = LINE/X1,Y1,Z1,X2,Y2,Z2
L1 = LINE/P1,P2
LINE as one of the axis

YAXIS
ZAXIS

L1 = LINE/XAXIS
LINE by a point and a parallel
line

L2 = LINE/P1,PARLEL,L1
LINE by a point and
perpendicular line

L2 = LINE/P1,PERPTO,L1
LINE by a parallel line at a
distance

XSMALL
YSMALL
YLARGE

L2 = LINE/PARLEL,L1,XSMALL,20
LINE by a point and angle
made with a line

L2 = LINE/P1,ATANGL,L1,31
LINE by angle with X-axis and
intercept with Y-axis

L1 = LINE/ATANGL,-43,INTERC,103.28
LINE by a point and tangent
circle

RIGHT

L1 = LINE/P1,LEFT,TANTO,C1
LINE tangent to two circle

L1 = LINE/LEFT,TANTO,C1, LEFT, TANTO,C2

L2=LINE/RIGHT,TANTO,C1,RIGHT,TANTO,C2
CIRCLE by centre and radius

C2 = CIRCLE/80.14,57.31,35.26
C2 = CIRCLE/CENTRE, P1, RADIUS, 35.26
CIRCLE by centre and
tangential line

C2 = CIRCLE/CENTRE, P1, TANTO, L1

CIRCLE by a point on
circumference

C2 = CIRCLE/CENTRE, P1, P2
CIRCLE by three point

C1 = CIRCLE/P1, P2, P3
CIRCLE by a centre point and
tangential circle

SMALL

C2 = CIRCLE/CENTRE, P1, LARGE, TANTO, C1

CIRCLE by two tangential lines
and radius

C1 = CIRCLE/XSMALL,L1,YSMALL,L2,RADIUS,15
CIRCLE by two tangential
circle

C3 = CIRCLE/XLARGE, IN, C1, OUT, C2, RADIUS, 10

CIRCLE by tangential line and
circle, and radius

C2 = CIRCLE/YLARGE, L1, XSMALL, OUT, C1, RADIUS, 10

PLANE by three point

PL1 = PLANE/P1,P2,P3
PLANE by a point and parallel
plane

PL2 = PLANE/P1,PARLEL,PL1
PLANE by coefficients of the
plane equation

aX+bY+cZ=d

PL2 = PLANE/0,0,1,40
Vector by X, Y , Z component

V1 = VECTOR/100,100,50
VECTOR by two points

V1 = VECTOR/P1,P2
PATTERN by first and last
points and number

PAT1 = PATERN/LINEAR, P1,P2,12

PATTERN by point and vector

PAT1 = PATERN/LINEAR, P1,V1,12

PATTERN by point, vector and
increment along vector

PAT1 = PATERN/LINEAR, P1,V1,INCR,30,20,2,AT,15,20,10

PATTERN by incremental
angle, angle to fill and number

PAT1 = PATERN/ARC, C1,45,195,CCLW,6

PATTERN by incremental angle
and number

PAT1 = PATERN/ARC, C1,45,CCLW,4

MOTION COMMANDS
 It describe the actual sequence making
use of the geometry elements defined
earlier.
 Setup commands
 Point-to-point motion commands
 Continuous path motion commands
SETUP COMMAND
Starting Point

FROM/-30,-5,0
SETUP COMMAND
Cutter

CUTTER/d,r,h
SETUP COMMAND
Surfaces

DS – Drive Surface, PS – Part Surface, CS – Check Surface

 SETUP COMMAND
TOLERANCES
INTOL/0
OUTTOL/0.01
OR
TOLER/0.01

INTOL/0.02
OUTTOL/0.01

INTOL, dsval, psval, ch1val, ch2val

 Point-to-point motion command
GOTO

GOTO / 10,20
GOTO / PAT1

GOTO / PT1
Point-to-point motion command
GODLTA
 Incremental values can be given
 GODLTA/dx, dy, dz
Continuous Path commands
Startup commands

GO / TO, ds, ON, ps, PAST, ds

 Motion commands

TO
ON
PAST
TANTO

GOLFT / ds, TO, cs

Auxiliary commands
 Units
 UNITS/MM
 Clearance Plane definition
 CLEARP/XYPLAN, z
 Coolant
 COOLNT/ON
 ON, OFF, MIST, FLOOD
Auxiliary commands
 Cutter compensation
 CUTCOM/ON
 ON,OFF,RIGHT,LEFT
 Fixed sequence of motion
 CYCLE/DRILL, z, MMPR, f, r
 DRILL,FACE,TAP,BORE,REAM
 IPM,IPR,MMPM,MMPR
 CYCLE/ON
 ON,OFF
Auxiliary commands
 Delay time
 DELAY/t
 DELAY/REV,n
 Feedrate value
 FEDRAT/MMPR
 IPM,MMPM,IPR,MMPR,PERREV,(PERMIN,f)
 Loading the tool
 LOADTL/tool no., magazine position
Auxiliary commands
 Rewinding the tape
 REWIND
 Safe position to change the tool
 SAFPOS/x, y, x
 Spindle rotation
 SPINDL/RPM,n,CLW
 SFM,RPM,SMM
 CLW,CCLW
Auxiliary commands
 Specifying part no.
 PARTNO/Example No.1
 End of the program
 FINI
 Choosing the postprocessor
 MACHIN/name, <parameters>
 NOPOST
 Printing the information
 PRINT/ON
 ON, OFF
Example
 Creating Points

PT1 = POINT / 0, 0, 0
PT2 = POINT / 100, 0, 0
PT4 = POINT/ 150, 75, 0
PT5 = POINT/ 135, 90, 0
PT6 = POINT/ 135, 75,0
PT7 = POINT/ 0, 90,0
PT8 = POINT/ 50, 50, 0
 Creating Lines

L1 = LINE/ XAXIS
L2 = LINE/ PT2, ATANGL, 30, L1
L3 = LINE/ PT4, PERPTO, L1
L4 = LINE/ PT5, PT7
L5 = LINE/ YAXIS
Creating point 3

PT3 = POINT/ INTOF, L2, L3

Creating Circles

C1 = CIRCLE/ CENTRE, PT6, RADIUS, 15

C2 = CIRCLE/ CENTRE, PT8, RADIUS, 25
Creating Pattern

PAT1 = PATERN/ ARC, C2, 0, 360, CCLW, 8

 Tool Motion
PL1 = PLANE /PT1,PT2,PT7

GOTO/-50, -50, 50

GO / TO, PL1, TO, L1, TO, L5

GODOWN/10
GOFWD/L1, PAST, L2
GOFWD/L2, PAST, L3
GOLFT/L3,TANTO,C1
GOFWD/C1,TANTO,L4
GOFWD/L4,PAST,L5
GOLFT/L5,PAST,L1
GOUP/10

GOTO/-50,-50,50
Complete program
 PARTNO/Milling 1
 MACHIN/MILL
 UNITS/MM

 PT1 = POINT / 0, 0, 0
 PT2 = POINT / 100, 0, 0
 PT4 = POINT/ 150, 75, 0
 PT5 = POINT/ 135, 90, 0
 PT6 = POINT/ 135, 75,0
 PT7 = POINT/ 0, 90,0
 PT8 = POINT/ 50, 50, 0
 L1 = LINE/ XAXIS
 L2 = LINE/ PT2, ATANGL, 30, L1
 L3 = LINE/ PT4, PERPTO, L1
 L4 = LINE/ PT5, PT7
 L5 = LINE/ YAXIS

 PT3 = LINE/ INTOF, L2, L3

 C1 = CIRCLE/ CENTRE, PT6, RADIUS, 15

 C2 = CIRCLE/ CENTRE, PT8, RADIUS, 25

 PAT1 = PATERN/ ARC, C2, 0, 360, CCLW, 8

 PL1 = PLANE /PT1,PT2,PT7

 CUTTER/5
 FEDRAT/MMPM,50
 SPINDL/ RPM, 1000, CLW
 INTOL/0.01
 OUTTOL/0.01

 SETPT = POINT/-50, -50, 50

 FROM/SETPT
 RAPID
 GO / TO, PL1, TO, L1, TO, L5

 SPINDL/ON
 COOLNT/ON

 GODLTA/0,0,-10
 GOFWD/L1, PAST, L2
 GOFWD/L2, PAST, L3
 GOLFT/L3,TANTO,C1
 GOFWD/C1,TANTO,L4
 GOFWD/L4,PAST,L5
 GOLFT/L5,PAST,L1
 GOUP/10
 RAPID
 GOTO/SETPT

 COOLNT/OFF
 SPINDL/OFF
 REWIND
 FINI