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Rig Gasification: System Description

(1) The document describes a gasification system that converts biomass or coal into syngas through a thermochemical process. (2) The gasifier has three main parts - a coal furnace, reactor, and cyclone - as well as auxiliary components like an air-oxygen turbine. (3) Several mechatronic ideas are proposed to automate processes like ash removal, temperature monitoring and control, moisture sensing, and gas pressure regulation.

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34 views3 pages

Rig Gasification: System Description

(1) The document describes a gasification system that converts biomass or coal into syngas through a thermochemical process. (2) The gasifier has three main parts - a coal furnace, reactor, and cyclone - as well as auxiliary components like an air-oxygen turbine. (3) Several mechatronic ideas are proposed to automate processes like ash removal, temperature monitoring and control, moisture sensing, and gas pressure regulation.

Uploaded by

Berhe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RIG GASIFICATION

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Gasification is a thermocouple process which converts biomass material such as agricultural waste or
coal into gaseous component that can be used in different applications such as turbine drive for power
generation. The gas produced, syngas, is composed of carbon(II)oxide ,hydrogen,nitrogen or
carbon(IV)oxide and some very small amounts of hydrogen. Coal gasification as a power generation has
gained popularity because of the availability of caol.

Theoretical Design Procedure

(i)Definition of flows

The gasifier has three basic and functional parts with at least one or more auxiliary components. The
three main parts are the coal-furnace,reactor and the cyclone. The air-oxygen turbine is an auxiliary
system that aids the combustion process. The end nozzle is designed so as to convey the produced gas in
required pressures due to the presence of a tap.

(ii)Definition of process elements

Coal is burned in the furnace(Oxidation). The air-oxygen mixture is


pumped into the furnace to help in complete combustion of the coal.
The produced gas then flows to the reactor .The reactor is more
chemical process that turns the gas through reduction and pyrolysis
into different forms that are environmentally friendly. This gas then
flows to the cyclone for purification and drying as the final stage
before it is harvested. It is required that the reactor temperature be at
500 degrees celcius for emission of friendly gases.

(iii)Graphical Representation and block diagrams.


The gasifier is comprised of sub-elements as shown

There are various mechatronic ideas that would be employed in this gasifer as follows:

1. A motorized valve would be placed along the inlet of the air-oxygen mixture to control the flow of the
gas needed for combustion.

2. At the furnace, we would fix an automatic ash or slag removal unit to eliminate the burned coal
automatically withoit needing the effort of human labour or conventional methods. This would be done
by designing a self opening and closing valvle just like the motorized valve integrated with a steel
conveyor system to dispose the ash. It should be steel or a metal of high thermal capacity to withstand
the coal temperatures.

3.The reactor should be fixed with thermocouple sensors to monitor the combustion process and the
temperature. They would give values to suggest that the coal has been fully burned and that new coal is
being needed. It would however be of significance in controlling the combustion process to be at 500
degrees celcius. Above 500 degrees there would cause an internal burning of the gases produced
leading to an explosion. It would be necessary to make this process value(PV) as the reference to the
measured value(MV).

4. The cyclone would be fixed with moisture content sensors to cross check the amount of water or
moisture that the coal has been having and in doing so will be trying to control the quality and
subsequent coal preparations, like drying and storage. These quality factors,however small and
insignificant they may be they would affect the efficiency of the gasifier processes.

5. At the outlet pipe, that has the pressure valve and gas-pressure outlet control,an enhanced automatic
approach would be used to control a steady flow of the gas at some specific range of Pascals.This could
be through the use of a motorized valve that has a PID controller to maintain the flow against the
electronic pressure gauge.

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