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Assignment 1 EDU 302 Human Development and Learning Fall 2020

Growth refers to increases in size, while development includes both quantitative and qualitative changes that continue throughout the lifespan. Three key factors that affect human development are heredity, socioeconomic status, and nutrition. Heredity determines physical and mental characteristics transmitted from parents, while socioeconomic status impacts growth rates due to variations in resources and nutrition. Nutrition is directly tied to growth, as deficiencies can stunt development. Development follows general principles like being continuous, gradual, and sequential from general to specific abilities. Both heredity and the environment interact to shape the developmental process.

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74 views4 pages

Assignment 1 EDU 302 Human Development and Learning Fall 2020

Growth refers to increases in size, while development includes both quantitative and qualitative changes that continue throughout the lifespan. Three key factors that affect human development are heredity, socioeconomic status, and nutrition. Heredity determines physical and mental characteristics transmitted from parents, while socioeconomic status impacts growth rates due to variations in resources and nutrition. Nutrition is directly tied to growth, as deficiencies can stunt development. Development follows general principles like being continuous, gradual, and sequential from general to specific abilities. Both heredity and the environment interact to shape the developmental process.

Uploaded by

Waqar Bin Ameen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASSIGNMENT 1

EDU 302
Human Development and Learning
Fall 2020
Question 1
Define Growth and Development? What are the difference between growth and development?
Growth:
The term growth denotes a net increase in the size, or mass of the tissue. It is largely
attributed to multiplication of cells and increase in the intracellular substance.
1. Crow & Crow defines ''Growth as structural and psychological changes.''
2. Gesell ''Growth carries a more dynamic connotation, which organically ties the present
with the past and directs it towards the future.

Development:
Development specify maturation of functions. It is related to the maturation and myelination
of the nervous system and indicates acquisition of a variety of skills for optimal functioning
of the individual.
1. Peary defines it as'' Development means the whole sequence of life from conception to
death.''
2. Frank defines, ''Development may imply the change in the organism as a whole.''
Different Between Growth and Development
Growth Development

Growth is quantitative Development is both quantitative and qualitative in


nature
Growth is restricted to physical aspects Development includes all aspects such as physical,
only cognitive-emotional, social, etc
Growth stops at a certain period of life Development continues until death
Growth can Be measured Development can only be assessed
Includes structural changes Includes both structural and functional changes
Question 2
What are some general principles of human development also write three factors that affect
human development?
Principles of Human Growth and Development:
1. Development is Continuous
2. Development is Gradual
3. Development is Sequential
4. Rate of Development Varies Person to Person
5. Development Proceeds from General to Specific
6. Most Traits are Correlated in Development
7. Growth and Development is a Product of Both Heredity and Environment
8. Development is Predictable
9. Development
10. There is a Constant Interaction Between All Factors of Development
Principle # 1. Development is Continuous:

The process of growth and development continues from the conception till the individual reaches
maturity. Development of both physical and mental traits continues gradually until these traits
reach their maximum growth. It goes on continuously throughout life. Even after maturity has
been attained, development does not end.

Principle # 2. Development is Gradual:


It does not come all on a sudden. It is also cumulative in nature.

Principle # 3. Development is Sequential:


Most psychologists agree that development is sequential or orderly. Every species, whether
animal or human, follows a pattern of development peculiar to it. This pattern in general is the
same for all individuals. The child crawls before he creeps, stands before he walks and babbles
before he talks.

Principle # 4. Rate of Development Varies Person to Person:


Rate of development is not uniform. Individuals differ in the rate of growth and development.
Boys and girls have different development rates. Each part of the body has its own particular rate
of growth. There are periods of great intensity and equilibrium and there are periods of
imbalance.

Principle # 5. Development Proceeds from General to Specific:


Development proceeds from general to specific. In all areas of development, general activity
always precedes specific activity. For example, the fetus moves its whole body but is incapable
of making specific responses. With respect to emotional behavior infants approach strange and
unusual objects with some sort of general fear response.
Later, their fears become more specific and elicit different kinds of behavior, such as, crying,
turning away and hiding etc.

Principle # 6. Most Traits are Correlated in Development:


Generally, it is seen that the child whose mental development is above average, is also superior
in so many other aspects like health, sociability and special aptitudes.

Principle # 7. Growth and Development is a Product of Both Heredity and Environment:


Development is influenced by both heredity and environment. Both are responsible for human
growth and development.

Principle # 8. Development is Predictable:


The difference in physiological and psychological potentialities can be predicated by observation
and psychological tests.

Principle # 9. Development:
Development brings about both structural and functional changes.

Principle # 10. There is a Constant Interaction Between All Factors of Development:


Development in one area is highly related to development in other areas. For example, a child
who has a good health can be active socially and intellectually.

Factors Which Influence Human Growth and Development

The following are some of factors which influence human growth and development:

 Heredity: Heredity and genes certainly play an important role in the transmission of
physical and social characteristics from parents to off-springs. Different characteristics
of growth and development like intelligence, aptitudes, body structure, height, weight,
color of hair and eyes are highly influenced by heredity.
 Socioeconomic: Socioeconomic factors definitely have some affect. It has been seen
that the children from different socioeconomic levels vary in average body size at all
ages. The upper level families being always more advanced. The most important
reasons behind this are better nutrition, better facilities, regular meals, sleep, and
exercise. Family size also influences growth rate as in big families with limited income
sometimes have children that do not get the proper nutrition and hence the growth is
affected.
 Nutritional: Growth is directly related with nutrition. The human body requires an
adequate supply of calories for its normal growth and this need of requirements vary
with the phase of development. As per studies, malnutrition is referred as a large-scale
problem in many developing countries. They are more likely to be underweight, much
shorter than average, and of low height for age, known as stunting.
If the children are malnourished, this slows their growth process. There are nine
different amino acids which are necessary for growth and absence of any one will give
rise to stunted growth. Other factors like zinc, Iodine, calcium, phosphorus and
vitamins are also essential for proper growth and deficiency of anyone can affect the
normal growth and development of the body.
 Race: Racial factors also influence height, weight, color, features, and body
constitution of a human being. The body growth and development differences show a
relationship with varied cultural groups. For example a child of black race will be
black, their height, their hair and eye color, facial structure are all governed by the
same race.

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