A homework on Engineering Analysis 9

By AMRIT ARYAL
Oct,2020

Problem 1a: Fourier Series

Given, Eigen value function is,

(L − x)2
f (x) = 0<x<L (1)
L2

1aa: The Fourier sine series over the interval

Sines series of above function is,
∞
X nπ
f (x) = bn sin x
n=1
L

Z L
2 nπ
bn = f (x) sin xdx
L 0 L

Now value of f (x) in bn .

2
RL (L−x)2
bn = L 0 L2 sin nπ
L xdx
2 RL d(L−x)2 /L2 RL
bn = − L2 (L−x)
L2
L
nπ cos nπ L
L x|0 −
2
L 0 dx 0
sin nπ
L xdx

2 L 2
RL −2+2x L
bn = L nπ + L 0 L2 nπ cos nπ
L xdx

2 2
RL −2+2x 1
bn = nπ + L 0 L nπ cos nπ
L xdx

2 4
RL 1
bn = nπ + L2 0
(−1 + x) nπ cos nπ
L xdx

2 4
RL 1
RL
bn = nπ − L2 0 nπ
cos nπ
L xdx +
4
L2 0
1
x nπ cos nπ
L xdx

2 4 1 L nπ 4 1
RLdx L
bn = nπ − L
L2 nπ nπ [− sin L x]|0 + L2 nπ 0 dx nπ
sin nπ
L xdx

2 4 1 L L
bn = nπ − L2 nπ nπ nπ cos nπ L
L x|0

1
 2 4 n
bn = nπ − n3 π 3 [(−1) − 1]

2
bn = nπ − n34π3 (−1)n + 4
n3 π 3
fourier sine series is,
∞
X 2 4 4 nπ
f (x) = [ − 3 3 (−1)n + 3 3 ] sin x
n=1
nπ n π n π L

1ab: The Fourier cosine series over the interval

Cosines series of above function is,
∞
a0 X nπ
f (x) = + an cos x
2 n=1
L

Z L
2
a0 = f (x)dx
L 0

Z L
2 nπ
an = f (x) cos xdx
L 0 L

Now,
RL
a0 = L2 0
f (x)dx
RL (L−x)2
= L2 0 L2 dx
2 L2 x−2Lx2 /2+x3 /3 L
= L L2 |0
2 L3 −L3 +L3 /3 2 L
= L L2 =L3
2
= 3

And,

Z L
2 nπ
an = f (x) cos xdx
L 0 L

Now value of f (x) in an .

2
RL (L−x)2
an = L 0 L2 cos nπ
L xdx
2
2 (L−x) L
RL d(L−x)2 /L2 RL
an = L L2 nπ sin nπ L
L x|0 −
2
L 0 dx 0
cos nπ
L xdx

2
 RL −2+2x L
an = − L2 0 L2 nπ sin nπ
L xdx
RL −2+2x 1
an = − L2 0 L nπ sin nπ
L xdx
RL
an = − L42 0
1
(−1 + x) nπ sin nπ
L xdx

4
RL 1
RL
an = L2 0 nπ
sin nπ
L xdx −
4
L2 0
1
x nπ sin nπ
L xdx
RL
an = − L42 nπ
1 L nπ L
nπ [cos L x]|0 −
4 1
L2 nπ
dx L
0 dx nπ
(−) cos nπ
L xdx

an = − L42 nπ
1 L nπ L
nπ cos L x|0

an = − Ln42 π2 [(−1)n − 1]

an = Ln42 π2 [1 + (−1)n ]
fourier cosine series is,
∞
a0 X nπ
f (x) = + an cos x
2 n=1
L
∞
1 X 4 nπ
f (x) = + [1 + (−1)n ] cos x
3 n=1 Ln2 π 2 L

1ac. the fully periodic Fourier series over the interval

2
a0 = 3

4
an = Ln2 π 2 [1 + (−1)n ]

2 4 n 4
bn = − nπ − n3 π 3 (−1) + n3 π 3

Full periodic functions is,

∞ ∞
a0 X nπ X nπ
f (x) = + an cos xdx + bn sin x
2 n=1
L n=1
L

∞ ∞
1 X 4 n nπ X 2 4 4 nπ
f (x) = + 2 2
[1+(−1) ] cos xdx+ [− − 3 3 (−1)n + 3 3 ] sin x
3 n=1 Ln π L n=1
nπ n π n π L

1ad. the value of each of the series at x = 0

Now,Fourier Sine series
∞
X 2 4 4 nπ
f (x) = [− − (−1)n + 3 3 ] sin x
n=1
nπ n3 π 3 n π L

3
At, x = 0
f (x) = 0
It is because at x=0, sin(0)=0 , therefore, sine function is zero at x=0

fourier cosine series is,

∞
1 X 4 nπ
f (x) = + [1 + (−1)n ] cos x
3 n=1 Ln2 π 2 L

At, x = 0
P∞
f (x) = 13 + n=1 Ln42 π2 [1 + (−1)n ]
It is because at x=0, cos(0)=1 , therefore, cos term is become 1 in
above fourier cosine series

1ae. the value of each of the series at x = L

Now,Fourier Sine series
∞
X 2 4 4 nπ
f (x) = [− − (−1)n + 3 3 ] sin x
n=1
nπ n3 π 3 n π L

At, x = L
f (x) = 0
It is because at x=L, sin(nπ) = 0 for every value of ’n’, sin(nπ) = 0 ,
therefore, sine function is zero at x=L

fourier cosine series is,

∞
1 X 4 nπ
f (x) = + [1 + (−1)n ] cos x
3 n=1 Ln2 π 2 L

At, x = L,

1
P∞ 4
f (x) = 3 + n=1 Ln2 π 2 [1 + (−1)n ](−1)n

It is because at x=L, cos(nπ) = (−1)n , therefore, cos term is be-

come (−1)n in above fourier cosine series

1b.The Fourier sine series of

x
f (x) = x3 (1 − ) 0<x<π (2)
π

4
Now,Fourier Sine series
Sines series of above function is,
∞
X nπ
f (x) = bn sin x
n=1
π

Z π
2 nπ
bn = f (x) sin xdx
π 0 π

Now value of f (x) in bn .

2
Rπ
bn = π 0
x3 (1 − πx ) sin nxdx
Rπ dx3 (1− π
x
) Rπ
bn = − π2 x3 (1 − πx ) n1 cos nx|π0 − 2
π 0 dx 0
sin nxdx

2
Rπ
bn = π 0
(3x2 − 4x3 /π) n1 cos nxdx

2
Rπ Rπ
bn = π 0
3x2 n1 cos nxdx − 2
π 0
4x3 /π n1 cos nxdx

2 21 1 2
Rπ Rπ
bn = π 3x n n sin nx|π0 − π 0
6x n1 n1 sin nxdx − 2
n 0
4x3 cos nxdx
Rπ
bn = − n12 1 π
2 π x(−) n cos nx|0 −
8
n 0
4x3 cos nxdx

12 π
Rπ
bn = n2 π n (−1)
n
− n8 [4x3 n1 sin nx|π0 − 0
12x2 n1 sin nxdx]

12 n 96
Rπ
bn = n3 (−1) + n3 0
x2 sin nxdx

12 96 21
Rπ
bn = n3 (−1)
n
+ n3 [−x n cos nx|π0 + 0
2x n1 cos nxdx]

12 96 21
Rπ
bn = n3 (−1)
n
+ n3 [−π n (−1)
n
+ 2x n12 sin nx|π0 − 0
2 n12 sin nxdx

12 96 21
bn = n3 (−1)
n
+ n3 [−π n (−1)
n
+ 2 n13 cos nx|π0 ]

12 96 21
bn = n3 (−1)
n
+ n3 [−π n (−1)
n
+ (−1)n 2 n13 − 2 n13 ]

Thus Sine series is

∞
X
f (x) = bn sin nx
n=1
∞
X 12 96 −π 2 2 2
f (x) = { 3 (−1)n + 3 [ (−1)n + (−1)n 3 − 3 ] sin nx}
n=1
n n n n n