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Engineering Analysis Homework 3

This document discusses two engineering analysis problems: 1. It examines a first order linear system of Euler ODEs and shows how to diagonalize the matrix A to obtain the general solution in terms of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. 2. It uses Taylor series expansion to find the solution to the simple harmonic motion differential equation. Equating the coefficients of like terms reduces it to the well-known solution of a cosine and sine term.

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63 views3 pages

Engineering Analysis Homework 3

This document discusses two engineering analysis problems: 1. It examines a first order linear system of Euler ODEs and shows how to diagonalize the matrix A to obtain the general solution in terms of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. 2. It uses Taylor series expansion to find the solution to the simple harmonic motion differential equation. Equating the coefficients of like terms reduces it to the well-known solution of a cosine and sine term.

Uploaded by

Amrita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A homework on Engineering Analysis

By AMRIT ARYAL
Sep,2020

Problem 1: Euler ODE system


Consider the first order linear system
1
x0 (z) = Ax(z) (1)
z
where x(z) is an n component vector and A is an n Ö n matrix of constants.
This is the generalization of the Euler ODE for any order n.The eigenvalues of
A are all distinct
Relation of eigenvalues and eigenvector with matrix

Ay = λy
; where A is n×n matrix, ’n’ number of eigenvalues (λ1 , λ2 , λ3 ....λn
and
’n’ number of eigenvectors y1 , y2 , y3 , .....yn , respectively.

Diagonalize matrix A.By solving


T −1 AT = D , where, T is column matrix of eigenvectors.D is diagonal matrix
of eigenvalues.

.. .. ..
 
. . ... .  
 .. .. ..  λ1
. . ... .
   λ2 
T= y y . . . y , and , D =
 
 1 2 n
  .. 
. . .  . 
 .. .. . . . .. 

  λn
.. .. ..
. . ... .
lets,
u = T −1 x ; x = T u

differenting with respect to z


u0 = T −1 x0

= T −1 z1 Ax

1
= T −1 z1 AT u
u0 = 1 Du
R du z R dz
u =D z
solving this, we get
loge u = D loge z + loge c
where, c is an arbitrary constant. or,loge u = loge cz D
taking exponential both side
e( loge u) = e( loge cz D )
u = cz D
where,PD is the diagonal matrix with diagonal component λ, D = λI = λi
n
ui = i=1 ci z λi
Substitute value of ui on
x = Tu P
n
or, xi = T i=1 ci z λi
where, T is column matrix of eigenvector, so T=[yi ]

Put value of T on xi
Pn
xi = i=1 ci yi z λi
is the general solution of (1)

Problem 2: Series solution for simple harmonic


motion
Given Simple harmonic equation is

y 00 (x) + y(x) = 0 (2)

Solution
Taylor series expansion of y can be written as
P∞
y = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + a4 x4 ... + 0 an xnn
P∞
Now,y 0 = a1 + 2a2 x + 3a3 x2 + 4a4 x3 ... + n 0 an xn−1
n

P∞
again,y 00 = 2.1a2 + 3.2a3 x + 4.3.a4 x2 .. + n(n − 1) 0 an xn−2
n
substitute value of y” and y in ODE(2)
we get, P∞ n−2 2 3
P∞ 2 + n3.2a3 x + ... + n(n − 1) 0 an xn ) + (a0 + a1 x + a2 x + a3 x + ... +
(2.1a
0 an xn ) = 0

collect similar term,


(2a2 + a0 ) + (3.2a3 + a1 )x + (4.3a4 + a2 )x2 + ...
Equating the same power coefficient of x is equal to zero. we have 2a2 + a0 =

2
0; 3.2a3 + a1 = 0; 4.3a4 + a2 = 0
Solving these equation and express a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 ... in term of a1 and a0
or,a2 = − a20 = − a2!0 ;
a1
a3 = − 3.2 = − a3!1 ;
a2 a0
..a4 = − 4.3 = 4.3.2 = a4!0
a5 = − 5.4 = 5.4.3! = a5!1
a3 a1

P∞
y = a0 + a1 x − a2!0 x2 − a3!1 x3 + a4!0 x4 . + a1 5
5! x − ..... + 0 an xnn
is the general solution of Given ODE.

x2 x4 x3 x5
y = a0 (1 − 2! + 4! − ...) + a1 (x − 3! + 5! − ...)

y = a0 cos x + a1 sin x
is the required solution in terms of sine and cosine.

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