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University Of Human Development

College of Administration and Economics
First Stage

ICDL: International Computer Driving License

Module 1 : ICT

ICT: Information and Communication Technology

Prepared by: Karzan Wakil + Najat Hassan
Rebwar Bakhtyar+ Rzgar Sirwan
Miran Hama Rahim , Chra Ali

2015/2016

What is (ICDL)

• ICDL:
(International Computer Driving Licence)
is the international standard in end-user
computer skills. It is a certification in the
practical use of computers and computer
applications.

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Why (ICDL)

• Why ICDL:
:: students with ICT skills enjoy an enriched educational
experience, and they will be better prepared for life, work
and further learning
:: Skilled employees enable organizations to use
technology more effectively, leading to increases in
productivity, while ensuring operational objectives are
achieved more efficiently.
:: As an internationally - recognized certification and
standard, ICDL can provide a platform from which to move
on to more specialized ICT training and education.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

(ICDL) modules

• ICDL modules :
The ICDL consists of 7 modules which define the skills and competencies
necessary to be a proficient user of a computer and common computer
applications:

• Module 1 - Concepts of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

• Module 2 - Using the Computer and Managing Files
• Module 3 - Word Processing
• Module 4 - Spreadsheets
• Module 5 - Using Databases
• Module 6 - Presentation
• Module 7 - Web Browning and Communication

:: 1st Stage Modules: (1,2,3,6 and 7).

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Module 1: (ICT) 1.1: Introduction:

• 1.1: Introduction:
:: Chapter one or (Module 1) aimed to introduce
you basics of information and communication
technologies (ICT) in terms of Computer, Computer
Hardware and Software.
:: This chapter will also introduce you to the uses
of ICT in your daily lives, other things you learn is the
safe way to store your information, and the laws of
copyrights in ICT field.
>> Let's begin with the first and important point in this field which is (The Computer).

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

1.2: The Computer

• 1.2: The Computer:

Computer is a programmable machine, or general-purpose
electronic device that can be programmed to carry out a set
of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. All
computer Systems consists of two major elements: hardware
and software.
1.2. A: Computer History:
 In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built. It was called
the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC).
 In 1946 the first general– purpose digital computer, (ENIAC) was
built. It is said that this computer weighed 30 tons
 in 1981 IBM introduced the personal computer (PC) for
home and office use.

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Computer Types

1.3: Computer Types:

Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows:
 Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform
hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
 Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting
many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
 Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to
hundreds of users simultaneously.
 Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is
like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful
microprocessor and, in general, a higher-quality monitor.
 Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a
microprocessor.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Computer Types

:: Supercomputer:
 The largest, fastest, and more expensive type of
computer.
 Supercomputers are used by very large International
companies, universities.
 Use of it: weather forecasting, nuclear energy
research, and petroleum exploration requires a
supercomputer.
 an example is Cray supercomputer produced in US. The
first Cray supercomputer was built in early 70s and costs
around 8 million Dollars, it process 160 million
instructions per second.

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Computer Types

The IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer installation at the Argonne Leadership Angela Yang
Computing Facility located in the Argonne National Laboratory, in Lemont, Illinois, USA.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Computer Types

:: Mainframe:
 Smaller and slower than the
super computers.
 They are mostly used by large
national companies such as
banks and insurance companies.
 The first company for
manufacture Mainframe
computers was IBM Company.
IBM System z9 mainframe

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Computer Types

:: Workstation:
 A powerful, single-user
computer, Workstation is a
special computer designed for
technical or scientific
applications.
 Intended primarily to be
used by one person at a time.
 Workstations were designed
to terminate a different types
of complex data such as 3D
mechanical design, engineering
simulation.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Computer Types

:: Personal Computer (PC) :

 Personal Computer (PC) is a
small, relatively inexpensive,
multipurpose computer.
 designed for an individual user.
 Most popular use for personal
computers is for word processing,
accounting, running spreadsheet,
database management applications
and playing games.
 The first Pc was invented in the
year 1981 by IBM company. these
PCs called "the original IBM PC".

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PC Types

:: 1.4: PC Types :
Personal computers fall into several categories, differentiated mainly by
their sizes:
1- Desktop Computers:
it is consists of a large box called the system
unit that contains most of the essential
components.

2-All in one Computers:

All-in-one PCs, also known as all-in-one
desktops, integrate the computer case and system
components into the monitor so that the entire
PC is contained all in one unit.
All-in-one (AIO) desktop PCs offer the
advantage of a smaller form factor than desktop
PCs, but they often come with several drawbacks
as well, including higher cost, weaker
performance and limited upgrade options.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

PC Types

3-Notebook or Laptop:
Small PC with a built-in screen, keyboard, and
pointing device, which substitutes for a mouse.
Notebook can run most of the same software as a
desktop, and similar to it in performance. Notebooks
can be carried and used any where, therefore it’s a
better choice for students and businessmen.
4- tablets:
A tablet is a portable computer that consists of a
touch-sensitive screen mounted on a tablet-size
plastic frame with a small computer inside.
Tablets are extremely portable and convenient, but
usually do not run desktop computer applications and
have limited memory and storage capabilities. Ipad
and galaxy tab is a more famous examples for tablets.
5- smart phones:
A smart phone is a mobile phone that can run
applications and has Internet capability.

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The Main parts of the Computer

• 1.5: The Main parts of the Computer:

Computer systems include (hardware and software), computer
Hardware generally consist of three parts:
Input Unit  Process Unit  Output Unit

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

The Main parts of the Computer

Input Unit  Process Unit  Output Unit

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The Main parts of the Computer

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Input Units
• 1.5.A: Input Units :
These are hardware parts that are used to input all types of data. For
example letters from keyboard and sound via microphone, and pictures
via scanner or digital camera, the main input units is:

 Keyboard
Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which
helps in inputting data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like
that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys
provided for performing additional functions.

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Input Units
 Mouse
Mouse is most popular pointing device. It is a very
famous cursor-control device having a small palm size box
with a round ball at its base which senses the movement of
mouse and sends corresponding signals to CPU when the
mouse buttons are pressed.
Generally it has two buttons called left and right button
and a wheel is present between the buttons. Mouse can be
used to control the position of cursor on screen ,and it is easy
to use, but it cannot be used to enter text into the computer.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Input Units

 Scanner:
:: Scanner is an input device which works more like
a photocopy machine. It is used when some information
is available on a paper and it is to be transferred to the
hard disc of the computer for further manipulation.
:: Scanner captures
images from the source
which are then converted
into the digital form that can
be stored on the disc. These
images can be edited before
they are printed.

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Input Units
CD-Rom
• Read CD COMBO
•Read CD
•Read DVD
CD-RW •Write CD
•Read CD
•Write CD

DVD-RW
DVD-ROM •Read CD
•Read CD •Read DVD
•Read DVD •Write CD
•Write DVD

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Input Units
 Microphone
Is an input device to input sound that is then
stored in digital form. The microphone is used for
various applications like adding sound to a
multimedia presentation or for mixing music.

 Bar Code Readers

A device used for reading bar coded data
(data in form of light and dark lines).
Bar coded data is generally used in labeling
goods, numbering the books etc.
Bar Code Reader scans a bar code image,
converts it into an alphanumeric value which is
then fed to the computer..

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Input Units
 Other Input devices:
There are some other devices, such as:
- Digital camera.
- mobile Phones.
- touch screens.
- Light pens.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Output Units
• 1.5.B: Output Units :
These are hardware parts that are used to output the
result and data collections, the main output units is:

 Monitors
Monitors, commonly called as
Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the
main output device of a computer.
It forms images from tiny dots,
called pixels that are arranged in a
rectangular form. The sharpness
of the image depends upon the
number of pixels

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Output Units
 Printer
 printer is an external hardware output device
responsible for taking electronic data stored on a
computer or computing device and generating a hard
copy of that data.
 Printers are one of the most commonly used
peripherals on computers and are commonly used to
print text and photos..
 There are many types of printer such as (3d
printer, all-in-one printer, Inkjet printer, Laser printer).

 Speaker
is a hardware device connected to a computer's
sound card that outputs sound generated by the
computer.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Output Units

 Other output devices:

There are some other output devices, such as:
• Projector (Data show).
• Plotter.
• Headphones, CD-RW, DVD-RW, And So on…

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Central Processing Unit

• 1.5.C: Central Processing Unit:
 It is the often referred to as the brain of the
computer, which handles all instructions it receives from
hardware and software running on the computer.
 the CPU determine how fast your computer will run
and is measured by its MHz speed.
 Now the new CPU measured in GHz, which is actually
the speed of the internal clock. A 3.0GHz clock means CPU
can do 3 billion operation in a second.
Generally there are two types of CPU:
intel Processor.
AMD Processor

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Central Processing Unit

 Motherboard
A motherboard some times
called (main board) is a printed
circuit board that is the foundation
of a computer, located at the
bottom of the computer case.
It allocates power to the CPU,
RAM, and all other computer
hardware components. Most
importantly, the motherboard
allows hardware components to
communicate with one another.

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Central Processing Unit

 Motherboard

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Storage Devices
• 1.5.D: Storage Devices:
A-Main Memory
1 -RAM - Random Access Memory
• The main 'working' memory used by the
computer.
• When the operating system loads from disk
when you first switch on the computer, it is
copied into RAM.
• RAM is a volatile memory and requires power
to keep the data accessible. If the computer is
turned off, all data contained in RAM is lost.
• Measured by MB or GB. Such as 256 MB , 512
MB , 1GB, 2GB, 4GB.

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Storage Devices

2- ROM – Read Only Memory

• Read Only Memory (ROM) as the

name suggests is a special type of
memory chip in a computer and
other devices that holds software
that can be read only.
• A good example is the ROM-BIOS
chip, which contains read only
software.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Storage Devices
B: Auxiliary Memory
 Hard Disk
– Speed: Very fast
– Capacity : 8GB,120GB,160GB,250GB,

 CD :
– Speed: fast
– Capacity 750 MB

 DVD
– Speed: Very fast
– Capacity : 4.7GB

 Flash Disk
– Speed: very fast
– Capacity :2,4,8,16,32 GB

 Floppy Disk
• Speed: slow
• Capacity : 1.44 MB
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Storage Devices
C: Cloud Storage:
Cloud storage means "the storage of data online in the cloud,” These
cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the data available and
accessible, and the physical environment protected and running. People
and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store
user, organization, or application data.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Storage

:: There are many benefits to using cloud storage, most notable is file
accessibility. Files stored in the cloud can be accessed at any time from any place
so long as you have Internet access. Another benefit is that cloud storage provides
organizations with off-site (remote) backups of data which reduces costs associated
with disaster recovery .
:: Unfortunately, the biggest disadvantage to cloud storage is that users are
limited by bandwidth. If your Internet connection is slow or unstable, you might
have problems accessing or sharing your files. Organizations that require a large
amount of storage may also find costs increase significantly after the first few
gigabytes of data stored.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Storage Devices
Cloud Storage:

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Computer case

Computer Cases:
computer case also known as a computer
base unit, tower, system unit, or simply case
and sometimes incorrectly referred to as the
"CPU" or "hard drive", is the enclosure that
contains most of the components of a
computer (usually excluding the display,
keyboard and mouse).

Cases are usually constructed from steel or

aluminum. Plastic is sometimes used, and
other materials such as glass, wood.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Memory measurement unit

Memory measurement unit:

You all know that a computer only understands the binary
language. The information stored in the computer is in the form
of 0`s and 1`s called bits.
Now the point is What is a bit (Binary digit)?
A bit is the smallest unit of the data/information. a bit can have
only a single value either 0 or 1.a group of 8-bits makes 1 Byte.
8 bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 KiloByte
1024 KiloBytes = 1 MegaByte
1024 MegaBytes = 1 GigaByte
1024 GigaBytes = 1 TeraByte
1024 TeraBytes = 1 PetaByte
1024 PetaByte = 1 ExaByte

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Computer software

Computer software :
A Computer software or simply software is any set of
instructions that directs a computer to perform specific
operations.
OR
A Software is a collection of instructions that enable the
user to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform
tasks. Without software, computers would be useless. For
example, without your Internet browser, you could not surf
the Internet websites.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

ICT in our daily lives

ICT in our daily lives:

ICT is become an essential part of our life, we use it everyday
in industry, the service sector, transport, logistics, health care,
housing, education, and our leisure time, almost without our
noticing it. the main topics in this field are:
 Communication.
 Transportation
 Health
 Education.
 Banking
 Social Networks
 Crime and Policing

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Computer and Health

Computer and Health:

spending a lot of time behind a

computer screen can be unhealthy. this
can cause a strain in the eyes, and make
another healthy problem. to avoid this
you should follow some safety rules
when using PC. these are:

1- use moving chairs that turns around and can be adjusted.

2-Adjust your chair and desk such that your screen is either at your eye
level or lower.
3-Take mini breaks from work and stretch a bit or go for a short walk every
30 min.
4-Maintain a proper distance from the screen. Look away from the screen
intermittently. Don't forget to blink.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

Information security
Information security:
Information security is not a single technology; rather it a strategy
comprised of the processes, tools and policies necessary to prevent, detect,
document and counter threats to digital and non-digital information.
Processes and policies typically involve both physical and digital security
measures to protect data from unauthorized access, use, replication or
destruction
 Use original Software with Security Updates
 Using antivirus and internet security
 Protecting Mobile Devices
 Keeping Self Awareness for Information Security
 Handling User Accounts & Passwords
 Securing Access Using e-Authentication
 Handling Your Personal Information
 Using Webmail Wisely
 Use Public Computers Carefully
 Safe Online Social Networking
 Protecting Against Spam Emails
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Copyright

Copyright:
copyright is protection for any published work that helps to prevent that
work from being used without prior authorization. A copyright may be
indicated by the word "Copyright", or a C surrounded by a circle (©),
followed by the date of when the work was published, and finally the author
of the work.
When work is copyrighted, it may not be reproduced in any fashion unless
the owner of the work grants proper rights.

Software copyright

Just like any original work, software is also protected by copyright laws.
Copying or installing software that you have not purchased is a breach of
copyright and a criminal offense. All software you use should be fully
licensed for each computer and user using the program.

ICDL- Module 1 : ICT University of Human Development

The End

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