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Experiment No 2

This document describes an experiment to determine the damping coefficient of a cantilever beam. It provides theory on modeling a system as a cantilever beam, natural frequency, damping, and the procedure to calculate the damping coefficient. The procedure involves finding the logarithmic decrement from displacement graphs, then calculating damping ratio, stiffness, natural frequency, equivalent mass, critical damping and finally the damping coefficient.

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saish sakharkar
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101 views5 pages

Experiment No 2

This document describes an experiment to determine the damping coefficient of a cantilever beam. It provides theory on modeling a system as a cantilever beam, natural frequency, damping, and the procedure to calculate the damping coefficient. The procedure involves finding the logarithmic decrement from displacement graphs, then calculating damping ratio, stiffness, natural frequency, equivalent mass, critical damping and finally the damping coefficient.

Uploaded by

saish sakharkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DOM LAB VIT,VIRAR

EXPERIMENT NO 2
TITLE : Determination of damping coefficient of any system/media

AIM : Calculate damping coefficient of Cantilever beam.

THEORY :

 Learning Objectives:

After completing this simulation experiment on free vibration of a cantilever beam one should be
able to:
1. Model a given real system to an equivalent simplified model of a cantilever beam with

suitable assumptions / idealizations.


2. Calculate the logarithmic decrement, damping ratio, damping frequency and natural

frequency of the system


3. Find the stiffness and the critical damping of the system.

4. Calculate damping coefficient of the system.

 Introduction:

A system is said to be a cantilever beam system if one end of the system is rigidly fixed
to a support and the other end is free to move. A real system is shown below, try to make
suitable assumptions to deduce the system to a cantilever beam. Vibration analysis of a
cantilever beam system is important as it can explain and help us analyse a number of
real life systems. As shown in above examples, real systems can be simplified to a
cantilever beam, thereby helping us make design changes accordingly for the most
efficient systems.

Fig : An aircraft wing as a cantilever beam


DOM LAB VIT,VIRAR

Natural Frequency of Cantilever Beam:


When given an excitation and left to vibrate on its own, the frequency at which a
cantilever beam will oscillate is its natural frequency. This condition is called Free
vibration. The value of natural frequency depends only on system parameters of mass
and stiffness. When a real system is approximated to a simple cantilever beam, some
assumptions are made for modelling and analysis (Important assumptions for undamped
system are given below):

1. The mass (m) of the whole system is considered to be lumped at the free end of the beam
2. No energy consuming element (damping) is present in the system i.e. undamped vibration

3. The complex cross section and type of material of the real system has been simplified to

equate to a Cantilever beam


4. The governing equation for such a system (spring mass system without damping under

free vibration) is as below:

k the stiffness of the system is a property which depends on the length (l), moment of
inertia (I) and Young's Modulus (E) of the material of the beam and for a cantilever
beam is given by:

Damping in a Cantilever Beam


Although there is no visible damper (dashpot) the real system has some amount of
damping present in it. When a system with damping undergoes free vibration the
damping property must also be considered for the modeling and analysis.
Single degree of freedom mass spring damper system under free vibration is governed
DOM LAB VIT,VIRAR

by the following differential equation:

c is the damping present in the system and ζ is the damping factor of the system which is
nothing but ratio of damping c and critical damping cc. Critical damping can be seen as
the damping just sufficient to avoid oscillations. At critical condition ζ=1. For real
systems the value of ζ is less than 1. For system where ζ < 1 the differential equation
solution is a pair of complex conjugates. The displacement solution is given by

where x0 and v0 are initial displacement and velocity and ωd is the damped natural
frequency of the system. The damped natural frequency is calculated as below:

Diagram :
DOM LAB VIT,VIRAR

PROCEDURE:

1. Find logarithmic decrement ( δ) from displacement v/s time graph. The logarithmic
decrement is defined as follows.

Here x1 and xn refer to the displacements at the first and nth peak in the displacement v/s
time graph.The displacements at the peaks can be found using the location slider.

2. Find the damping ratio (ζ) from the logarithmic decrement (δ). The damping ratio is
given by

3. Find beam stiffness (k) N/m from Young's modulus (E), area moment of inertia (I) and
length (L). The stiffness for different beams is given below

4. Find natural frequency (ωn) rad/s from ωd and ζ ,ωd can found from the FFT in the graph

5. Find equivalent mass (meq) kg from ωn and k.

6. Find critical damping (cc) Ns/m from meq and k.

7. Find damping (c) Ns/m from cc and ζ.

Observation Table :
DOM LAB VIT,VIRAR

Rea Mater c/s Modulus Area MI (I) Length( Initial Final wd No of


din ial of L) amplitud amplitut cycle
g elasticity e(x1) e (xn) s(n)
no (E)
1 Steel circul 200 gpa 24.85*10^6 1441 mm 100 mm 26.02 311. 3
ar mm mm 54
2 Al squar
e

Calculation :
Reading 1.
 dia of circle = 150 mm
 MI (I) = 24.85*10^6 mm
 E = 200*10^3 N/mm2
 K= 3EI/L^3 = 4982.98 N/mm

Delta =
0.4488

2.
3.

RESULT:

1) Reading 1
Variable Enter reading Actual reading
Logarithmic decrement 0.4488
Damping ratio 0.0712
Stiffness (k) 4982.9 N/mm 4983.04
Natural frequency 312.3 312.26
Equivalent mass 51.09 kg 51.1 kg
Critical damping 1009.11
Damping 71.84 N-s/m

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